常用的臨床醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語

常用臨床醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語

diseases疾病

acutediseases急性病

advanceddiseases病沉重期，晚期疾病

chronicdiseases慢性病

communicablediseases傳染病

complicatingdiseases并發(fā)病

congenitaldiseases先天性疾病

acquireddiseases后人性疾病

contagiousdiseases接觸性傳染病

endemicdiseases地方病

epidemicdiseases流行病

functionaldiseases機(jī)能病、官能病

infectiousdiseases傳染病

inheriteddiseases遺傳病

malignantdiseases惡性病

nutritionaldiseases營養(yǎng)病

occupationdiseases職業(yè)病

organicdiseases器質(zhì)性病

paroxysmaldiseases陣發(fā)性病

periodicaldiseases周期病

primary(principal)diseases原發(fā)(主導(dǎo))病

secondarydiseases繼發(fā)病

sexual(venereal,social)diseases件病

terminaldiseases絕癥

wastingdiseases消耗性疾病

chiefcomplaintt訴

clinicalmanifestation臨床表現(xiàn)

deliveryhistory分娩史

etiology病因?qū)W

familyhistory家族史

history,medicalhistory病史

precipitating(induced)誘因

maritalstatus婚姻狀況

menstrualhistory月經(jīng)史

menarche初潮

menopause閉經(jīng)

pasthistory既往史

pathogenesis發(fā)病機(jī)制

personalhistory個(gè)人史

symptoms癥狀

cardinalsymptom主要癥狀

classicalsymptom典型癥狀

concomitantsymptom伴發(fā)癥狀

constitutional(systemic)symptom全身癥狀

indirectsymptom間接癥狀

inducedsymptom誘發(fā)癥狀

localsymptom局部癥狀

mentalsymptom精神癥狀

symptom-complex(syndrome)symptom綜合癥，癥候群

signs體征

antecedent前驅(qū)征

assident(accessory)副征

commemorative后遺癥

signofdeath死征

diagnostic診斷征

signofdisease病征

subjective自覺征，主觀征

veinsign靜脈征

vitalsign生命體征

bodylength(heightofthebody)身高

bodyweight體重

barrelchest桶狀胸

cachexia惡病質(zhì)

compulsiveposition被動(dòng)體位

criticalfacies病危面容

emaciation消瘦

enophthalmos眼球下陷

entropion瞼內(nèi)翻

exophthalmos眼球突出

flushedface面色潮紅

gain(loss)inweight增加(減輕)體重

lock-jaw牙關(guān)緊閉

lordosis脊柱前凸

nasalalaflap鼻翼扇動(dòng)

nystagmus眼震

obesity肥胖

pallor蒼白

scolisis脊柱側(cè)凸

agitation焦急不安

debility,weakness虛弱

diaphoresis出汗，大量出汗

dizziness,vertigo眩暈

lassitude,fatigue無力，倦怠

malaise不適

nightsweat盜汗

numbness麻木

rigor,chill寒冷，發(fā)冷

perspiration,sweating出汗

pruritus,itching癢,

somasthenia軀體無力

tingling麻刺感

abscess膿腫

acidosis酸中毒

adhesion粘連

alkalosis堿中毒

allergy過敏

coagulationdefect凝血不良

congestion充血

dehydration脫水

distention膨脹

edema水腫

embolism栓塞，栓塞形成

fluidandelectrolyteimbalance水電解質(zhì)紊亂

gangrene壞疽

hematoma血腫

hemorrhage,bleeding出血

infarction梗塞,梗死

infection傳染

inflammation炎癥

ketoacidosis酮酸中毒

metastasis轉(zhuǎn)移

perforation穿孔

necrosis壞死

shock休克

response反應(yīng)，應(yīng)答

reaction反應(yīng),感應(yīng)

thrombosis血栓形成

ulceration潰瘍

fever,pyrexia發(fā)燒，發(fā)熱

continuousfever稽留熱

intermittentfever間歇熱

low-gradefever低熱

remittentfever馳張熱

relapsingfever回歸熱

pain痛

burningpain灼痛

chest(flank,...)pain胸(脅腹…)痛

cramp-likepain痙攣性痛

dull,diffusedpain彌漫性鈍痛

pleuriticpain胸膜炎性痛

radiatingpain(painradiatingto...)放射性痛(放射到..疼痛)angina絞痛

cardiacangina心絞痛

backache背痛

colic絞痛，急腹痛

earache耳痛

headache頭痛

neuralgia神經(jīng)疝

migraine偏頭痛

reboundtenderness反跳痛

somatalgia軀體痛

sorethroat咽喉痛

stomachache胃痛

toothache牙痛

bloodysputum帶血的痰

cough咳嗽

drycough干咳

expectoration咳痰

expectorationofblood咳血

hemoptysis咳血

anoxia缺氧

apnea呼吸暫停，窒息

asthma氣喘，哮喘

CheyneStokesrespiration切一斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸

dyspnea呼吸困難

hyperpneahyperventilation過度呼吸，換氣過度

hypopnea呼吸不全，呼吸淺表

hypoxia低氧，缺氧

orthopnea端坐呼吸

respiratoryarrest呼吸停止

suffocation窒息

tachypnea呼吸急促

fetidbreath口臭

fruitybreath呼吸有水果味

arrhythmia心律失常，心律不齊

atelectasis肺不張，肺膨脹不全

cardiacarrest心搏驟停

cardiachypertrophy心臟肥大

cyanosis發(fā)絹,青紫

distensionofjugularvein頸靜脈怒張

extrasystole期外收縮

galloprhythm奔馬律

hemopleura血胸

hepatojugularreflux肝頸靜脈回流

hypovolemia（循環(huán)）血容量減少

palpitation心悸

tachycardia心動(dòng)過速

pneumothorax左U問

thrill震顫

absentbreathsounds呼吸音消失

dullsound濁音

hyperresonant鼓音

rale啰音

rhonchus,rhonchi鼾音,干啰音

wheeze哮鳴音

anorexia,lossofappetite食欲不振，厭食

dysphagia吞咽困難

eructation曖氣

belching曖氣

flatulence氣脹

flatus腸胃氣，屁

gaseousdistention胃脹氣

hematemesis嘔血

hiccough,hiccup打呃,呃逆

nausea惡心

pyrosis胃灼熱

regurgitation反胃，回流

thirsty口渴

vomiting嘔吐

analfissure,crackintheanalcanal肛裂

ascites腹水

board-likerigidityoftheabdomen板狀腹

decreasedtactilefremitus觸覺性震顫減弱

exophagealvarices食管靜脈曲張

fistula痿，痿管

hemorrhoid痔

hernia疝

hepatomegaly肝腫大

intussusception腸套疊

jaundice黃疸

muscleguarding,defenceoftheabdominalwall腹壁肌I!

peristalsis蠕動(dòng)

lossofperistalsis蠕動(dòng)消失

massperistalsis總?cè)鋭?dòng)

retrograde(reversed)peristalsis逆蠕動(dòng)

prolapse脫垂

prolapseofanus脫肛

rectalprolapse直腸脫垂，脫肛

volvulus腸扭轉(zhuǎn)

calculus結(jié)石，石

biliarycalculus膽結(jié)石

vesicalcalculus膀胱結(jié)石

constipation便秘

defecation排便

diarrhea腹瀉

incontinenceoffeces大便失禁

hematochezia便血

fecalimpaction大便嵌塞

occultblood潛血

painfulstrainingwithdefecation排便痛性牽動(dòng)

claycoloredstools陶土色便

dark,granular/coffeegroundemesis咖啡樣嘔吐物

fecalvomiting,stercoraceousvomiting嘔糞，吐糞

foulfattystools,steatorrhea惡臭脂肪便,脂肪痢

scantyandhardstools便少而硬

tarry(black)stools柏油樣便

anuria無尿

burningsensationnourination排尿時(shí)的灼燒感

dysurea排尿困難，尿痛

enuresis,bedwetting遺尿

frequencyofurination尿頻

micturation排尿

uresis,urination,voiding排尿

nocturia夜尿

oliguria少尿

polyuria多尿

tenesmus里急后重

vesicaltenesmus排尿時(shí)里急后重

uremiacoma尿毒癥昏迷

urgencyofurination尿急

urinaryincontinence尿失禁

aciduria酸尿

chyluria乳糜尿

cylindruia管型尿

glycosuria糖尿

hematuria血尿

ketonuria酮尿

pneumatinuria氣尿

proteinuria蛋白尿

pyuria膿尿

amenorrhea經(jīng)閉，無月經(jīng)

dysmenorrhea痛經(jīng)

menorrhagia月經(jīng)過多

lochia惡露

menorrhea行經(jīng)，月經(jīng)過多

menstruation月經(jīng)

uterinecontraction子宮收縮

blotch斑點(diǎn)

bruise挫傷，青腫

acne座瘡,粉刺

desquamation脫皮，脫屑

ecchymosis瘀斑

lossofskinturgor失去皮膚充盈

nevus痣

papule丘疹

petechia瘀點(diǎn),瘀斑

pigmentation色素沉著

pustule膿皰

purpura紫癲

rednodule紅結(jié)節(jié)

roseola玫瑰疹

scar傷疤

senileplaque老人斑

spideranaioma姝形痣

subcutaneousnodule皮下結(jié)節(jié)

urticaria等麻疹

vesicle小水皰

vitiligo白斑

blindness失明

blurredvision,visualdisturbance視力模糊

impairedvision視力下降

lacrimation流淚

papilledema視神經(jīng)乳頭水腫

photophobia畏光，羞明

retinaldetachment視網(wǎng)膜脫離

deafness笥

hearingloss聽力喪失

tinnitus耳鳴

epistaxis,nasalbleeding鼻出血

impairedsmelling嗅覺障礙

nasaldischarge鼻涕

nasalobstruction鼻塞

sneeze噴嚏

snore打鼾

aphonia,lossofvoice失音癥

hoarseness嘶啞

gumbleeding齒齦出血

herpeslabialis唇皰疹,感冒瘡

Koplik'sspots科普利克斑

leadlineofthegum齦鉛線

salivation,drooling流口水

straw-berrytongue草莓舌

tremuloustongue舌震顫

atrophy菱縮

contracture攣縮

deformity畸形，變形

dislocation脫位

fracture骨折

closed（simple）fracture無創(chuàng)骨折，單純性骨折

comminutedfracture粉碎性骨折

compoundfracture哆開（開放性）骨折

knock-knee膝外翻

opisthotonos角弓反張

prosthesis假體

spasm痙攣

tetany（肌）強(qiáng)直，手足抽搦

wristdrop腕下垂

aphasia失語

ataxia共濟(jì)失調(diào)

coma昏迷

consciousness知覺，意識(shí)

convulsion抽搐，驚厥

delirium澹妄

delusion妄想

faint昏厥

hallucination幻覺

hemiplegia偏癱

increasedintracranialpressure顱內(nèi)壓增高

insanity精神錯(cuò)亂

lossoforientation定向喪失

mania躁狂

memorydefects,amnesia記憶缺損，遺忘癥

paraplegia截癱，下身麻痹

projectilevomiting噴射性嘔吐

somnolence,(lethargy)昏睡，嗜睡

stupor木僵，昏呆

tetraplegia四肢癱瘓

unconsciousness失去知覺

yawning打哈欠

crisis危象

cerebral(febrile,hematic,hemolytic,hypertensive,thyrotoxic,...)crisis

腦(熱、血性、溶血、高血壓、甲狀腺中毒…)危象

failure衰竭，故障

central(circulatory,cardiac,myocardiac,peripheral,congestive,renal,respiratory)failure

中樞(循環(huán)、心力、心肌、周圍循環(huán)、充血性、腎、呼吸…)衰竭

diagnosis診斷

auscultation聽診

inspection視診

palpation觸診

percussion叩診

laboratoryexamination實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查

physicalexamination體格檢查

rectal(vaginal)touch直腸(陰道)指診

impression印象

tentativediagnosis暫定診斷

differentialdiagnosis鑒別診斷

finaldiagnosis最后診斷

prognosis預(yù)后

prescription處方

incubation(latent)period潛伏期

prodromalstage前驅(qū)期

incipientstage初期

quiescentstage靜il二期

alleviation減輕，緩和

remission緩解

attack發(fā)作

convalescence(recovery)stage恢復(fù)期

re