高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)-專(zhuān)題一-語(yǔ)法-市賽課公開(kāi)課一等獎(jiǎng)省名師獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

語(yǔ)法1/28專(zhuān)題一名詞和冠詞2/28-3-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一1.不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,它包含抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和專(zhuān)有名詞。以下名詞通慣用作不可數(shù)名詞:fun,advice,weather,progress,information,bread,butter,baggage,clothing,equipment,furniture,homework,juice,luggage,luck,music,milk,meat,production,permission,rubber,rice,soup,wealth,health,glass(玻璃),English,America等。3/28-4-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一2.有些名詞通常只用作復(fù)數(shù)。如:glasses眼鏡,clothes衣服,goods貨物,trousers褲子,belongings全部物,wages工資,riches財(cái)富,surroundings環(huán)境,ashes灰塵,compasses圓規(guī),cattle牛,congratulations祝賀。有些固定搭配中名詞通慣用復(fù)數(shù)。如:havewordswithsb.同某人吵架,inlowspirits情緒低落,giveone’sregardstosb.向某人問(wèn)候,inrags衣衫襤褸,havegoodmanners有禮貌。4/28-5-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一(·陜西)—IgotthatjobIwantedatthepubliclibrary.—Congratulations!That’sgoodnews.——我得到那份我想要在公共圖書(shū)館工作了?！ＹR了。那是好消息啊。(·10浙江)Glaeserarguesthatcitiesareveryproductivebecause“theabsenceofspacebetweenpeoplereducesthecostoftransportinggoods,people,andideas.”Glaeser認(rèn)為城市含有極強(qiáng)生產(chǎn)力,因?yàn)椤叭伺c人之間零距離降低了貨物、人口和思想傳輸成本”。5/28-6-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一3.有些名詞既能夠用作可數(shù)名詞,也能夠用作不可數(shù)名詞,但意義不一樣。work當(dāng)表示“工作”時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞,但當(dāng)表示“作品;著作”時(shí)則為可數(shù)名詞。room“空間”(不可數(shù)),“房間”(可數(shù));experience“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”(不可數(shù)),“經(jīng)歷”(可數(shù));paper“紙”(不可數(shù)),“報(bào)紙、文件、試卷”(可數(shù))。(·浙江名校協(xié)作體)200seniorstudentsfromdifferenthighschoolsalloverthecitygatheredtogether,recitingtheirworksandexchangingthought.全市來(lái)自于不一樣高中200名高中生聚在一起,背誦他們作品,并交換思想。6/28-7-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一1.抽象名詞表示某種特征、狀態(tài)、特點(diǎn)、情感、情緒、思維等時(shí)通常為不可數(shù)名詞。若與定冠詞連用則表特指內(nèi)容,如thescienceofsound聲學(xué)。若泛指普通概念、意義,則不與任何冠詞連用。2.有些物質(zhì)名詞能夠詳細(xì)為有形或有數(shù)量對(duì)應(yīng)物體,做單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)都能夠。somecoffee一些咖啡/acoffee一杯咖啡,drink飲料/twodrinks兩杯飲料,ice冰/twoices兩份冰激凌等。Youshouldneverputdrinksnearaphone.你應(yīng)該永遠(yuǎn)都不要把飲料放到手機(jī)附近。7/28-8-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一1.用在首次提到人或物可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前面,泛指某(一)個(gè)人或某(一)件事物。(·全國(guó)丙)Ifyouarea

fruit

grower—orwouldliketobecomeone—takeadvantageofAppleDaytoseewhat’saround.假如你是一位水果種植者,或者想要成為這類(lèi)人,請(qǐng)利用蘋(píng)果節(jié)來(lái)了解相關(guān)情況吧。(·福建)The“ChineseDream”isa

dreamtoimprovepeople’swell-beinganda

dreamofharmony,peaceanddevelopment.“中國(guó)夢(mèng)”是一個(gè)改進(jìn)民生夢(mèng),一個(gè)友好、和平和發(fā)展之夢(mèng)。2.用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前相當(dāng)于every,表示“每一”。It’ssaidJohnwillbeinajobpayingover$60,000a

year.聽(tīng)說(shuō)約翰將會(huì)有一份年薪超出60,000美元工作。8/28-9-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一3.在抽象名詞前可使抽象名詞詳細(xì)化,表示“一場(chǎng)、一次、一件”。如:asuccess一件成功事或一個(gè)成功人,asurprise一件令人詫異事,apity一件遺憾事,anhonour一個(gè)/件令人引認(rèn)為榮人/事,acomfort一件令人欣慰事。(·全國(guó)甲)Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasa

success,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.今天,三代人都認(rèn)為這次搬遷是件成功事,這使他們關(guān)系比以往住在不一樣城市更親密。9/28-10-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一4.不定冠詞用在序數(shù)詞前不表示排序,而表示“再一,又一”。(·江蘇)A

third

reasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelopsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive(認(rèn)知)skills,atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.又一原因是孩子社交智力開(kāi)發(fā)早于他們總認(rèn)知技能,最少與大猩猩比較起來(lái)是這么。10/28-11-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一5.用在人名或者時(shí)間名詞前表示不確定某個(gè)人或者某個(gè)時(shí)間,相當(dāng)于acertain。如:aSmith一個(gè)叫史密斯人。(·重慶)Ican’ttellyouthewaytotheWilsons’becausewedon’thavea

Wilsonhereinthevillage.我無(wú)法告訴你去威爾遜家路,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)村子里沒(méi)有一個(gè)叫威爾遜人。(·四川)Brianisgiftedinwritingmusic;heisverylikelytobea

Beethoven.布賴(lài)恩在音樂(lè)創(chuàng)作上很有天賦,他很有可能會(huì)成為一位像貝多芬那樣音樂(lè)大師。11/28-12-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一6.不定冠詞慣用固定搭配:allofasudden突然;asamatteroffact實(shí)際上;onceaweek每七天一次;ataloss不知所措,茫然;beonavisit參觀,造訪;be/goonadiet節(jié)食;givesb.alift讓某人搭便車(chē);haveagiftfor...在……方面有天賦;haveagoodtime玩得開(kāi)心;haveawordwith...與……談話;inahurry慌忙地;inaway從某種意義上說(shuō);makealiving謀生;takeawalk散步;takeaninterestin...對(duì)……感興趣;take/havearest休息一會(huì)兒12/28-13-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一1.特指上文提到過(guò)、特定人或事物,或雙方都明確人或事物。Ihaveacar.The

carisred.我有輛車(chē)。這輛車(chē)是紅色。Passmethe

book,please.請(qǐng)把那本書(shū)遞給我。2.用在名詞前表特指或者表類(lèi)別。(·全國(guó)甲)The

meaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.緘默在不一樣文化中意義是不一樣。13/28-14-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一3.用在世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二事物之前。如:themoon,thePacificOcean。(年10月·浙江)Thesimplefactisthatwe,whohavealwaysregardedourselvesassupremeinthe

universe,maynotbeso.簡(jiǎn)單事實(shí)是,總是自認(rèn)為自己是宇宙主宰我們,或許實(shí)際上并非如此。4.用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類(lèi)人。如:therich,theliving,thewounded。(·天津)Lifeislikeanocean:Onlythe

strong-willedcanreachtheothershore.人生就如同海洋,只有那些意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)人才能抵達(dá)彼岸。14/28-15-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一5.用于表示度量單位名詞前。如:Ihiredthecarbythe

hour.我按小時(shí)租了這輛車(chē)。6.用于序數(shù)詞、形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)前。如:(·課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)Amongtheworksandmasterworksonexhibitionthevisitorwillfindthe

best

pieces,mostimportantlyThe

Persistence

of

Memory.在展出作品和杰作中,參觀者會(huì)發(fā)覺(jué)最正確作品,最主要是《記憶永恒》這幅作品。15/28-16-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一7.定冠詞慣用固定搭配:atthemoment此刻,當(dāng)前atthesametime同時(shí)bytheway順便說(shuō)一下onthespot當(dāng)場(chǎng)makethebest/mostof...充分利用……inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)處intheend最終theotherday前幾天ontheonehand...,ontheother(hand)...首先……,另首先……tothepoint中肯,切題16/28-17-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一1.不可數(shù)名詞或者可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前,普通不加冠詞。(·全國(guó)甲)Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstopattraction.不過(guò)對(duì)于像我這么游客,熊貓才是最吸引我東西。2.稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)及表示頭銜、職務(wù)名詞做表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)及同位語(yǔ)時(shí),其前普通不加冠詞。(·重慶)SamhasbeenappointedmanageroftheengineeringdepartmenttotaketheplaceofGeorge.薩姆已經(jīng)被委任為工程部經(jīng)理來(lái)代替喬治。3.表示季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)假日、一日三餐等名詞前普通不加冠詞。Springisthebestseasonoftheyear.春天是一年最好季節(jié)。17/28-18-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一4.零冠詞慣用固定搭配:infact實(shí)際上forexample比如indanger在危險(xiǎn)中 withpleasure高興地intime及時(shí) infear恐懼地atwork在上班 atdinner在吃飯afterschool放學(xué)后 atfirst起初atlast最終 byhand手工做payattentionto注意 setfireto放火takepridein以……為豪 takecareof照料takeoffice就職 takepartin參加intown在城里 keep...inmind切記introuble處于麻煩中 onfoot步行catchsightof看見(jiàn) ontime按時(shí)loseweight減肥 doharmto對(duì)……有害18/28-19-ⅡⅠⅠ.依據(jù)提醒或語(yǔ)境完成句子1.(·全國(guó)乙改編)AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.2.(·全國(guó)乙改編)Herpopular1962bookSilent

Springraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld’slakesandoceans(ocean).解析:第一空是序數(shù)詞,first前面應(yīng)用the;第二空特指諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng),故填the。解析:依據(jù)前面lakes可知,世界上湖泊、海洋有許多,故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。19/28-20-ⅡⅠ3.(·全國(guó)甲改編)AneveningwithSimonwillgiveyoutheconfidencetobefunny.4.(·全國(guó)甲改編)Anothergroupbuiltsomethingoutoftheirownimaginations(imagine).解析:evening以元音音素開(kāi)頭,其前用an;依據(jù)句意“和Simon在一起一個(gè)晚上就會(huì)給予你信心去搞笑?！笨芍猼o

be

funny是后置定語(yǔ),修飾名詞confidence,這里表特指,故用the。解析:此處表示他們各自想象力,故應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。5.(·全國(guó)丙改編)Therearealsovarieties(vary)developedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.解析:依據(jù)謂語(yǔ)are可知應(yīng)填vary名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。20/28-21-ⅡⅠ6.(·北京改編)Inthe1980s,electricallines(line)andleadpoisoningnearlydrovethemtodyingout.7.(·全國(guó)甲改編)Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsideforawhile,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.解析:第一空表示在20世紀(jì)80年代,結(jié)構(gòu)是:in+the+年份+s或’s。第二空泛指“電線”,因前面沒(méi)有a,故用復(fù)數(shù)。解析:此處是固定短語(yǔ),表示“一會(huì)兒”,故用for

a

while。21/28-22-ⅡⅠ8.(·課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ改編)I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverwhicharepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings(painting).解析:依據(jù)前面修飾語(yǔ)“so

many”可知,此處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示“畫(huà),繪畫(huà)作品”。22/28-23-ⅡⅠ9.(·課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ改編)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir

ability

(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.

10.(·江蘇改編)—GoandsaysorrytoyourMom,Dave.—I’dliketo,butI’mafraidshewon’tbehappywithmyapology/apologies(apologise).解析:由第一個(gè)空后most

modern可推知第一個(gè)空應(yīng)用the,組成modern最高級(jí)。由第二個(gè)空前their可知,此處應(yīng)用able名詞形式。解析:形容詞性物主代詞my之后應(yīng)該接名詞。句意:——戴夫,去向你媽媽說(shuō)對(duì)不起。——我愿意去,不過(guò)我擔(dān)心她不滿意我道歉。23/28-24-ⅡⅠ11.(·湖北改編)Hegavehimselfanewnametohidehis

identity

(identify)whenhewenttocarryoutthesecrettask.

12.(·陜西改編)Themorelearnedamanis,themoremodestheusuallybecomes.解析:句意:他去執(zhí)行秘密任務(wù)時(shí),給自己起了一個(gè)新名字來(lái)掩蓋身份。identify對(duì)應(yīng)表示“身份”名詞形式為identity。解析:the

more...,the

more...為固定句型,意為“越……就越……”。句意:一個(gè)人知識(shí)越淵博,他通常會(huì)變得越謙虛。24/28-25-ⅡⅠ13.(·浙江改編)Jane’sgrandmotherhadwantedtowriteachildren’sbookformanyyears,butonethingoranotheralwaysgotintheway.14.(·課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ改編)Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthechanges(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.解析:句意:簡(jiǎn)奶奶很多年來(lái)一直想寫(xiě)一本兒童書(shū)籍,不過(guò)這么或那樣事情總是妨礙著她。第一個(gè)空泛指一本兒童書(shū)籍,所以用不定冠詞修飾;第二個(gè)空是固定短語(yǔ),get

in

the

way“妨礙”。解析:句意:即使也有一些瞬間就能發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)型令人詫異故事,不過(guò)對(duì)于我們大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō),這些改變都是逐步,需要付出大量努力和勞動(dòng),就像凈化一條污染了河流一樣。25/28-26-ⅡⅠ15.(·遼寧改編)Ifyoudon’tmind,I’llstopandtakeadeepbreath(breathe).解析:句意:假如你不介意話,我要停下來(lái)做個(gè)深呼吸。take

a

deep

breath“做個(gè)深呼吸”。26/28-27-ⅡⅠⅡ.依據(jù)內(nèi)容和所給提醒完成下面短文Villagesindevelopingcountriesoftenlackmanythings:books,cleanwater,electricity.Theseshortagesareeasytosee.But1.adifferentkindofshortageisnoteasytosee.Thatis2.theshortageofexperts.Manyvillageshavenodoctors,engineersorscientists.Theyhavenoonewhoknowshowtotreatunusua