上外Unit11-A第六冊-英語綜合教程-外教社省公開課金獎全國賽課一等獎微課獲獎?wù)n件

Unit11HowtoGrowOld

TextExplanationPartI11/42AbouttheAuthorBertrandArthurWilliamRussell,(1872-1970)Britishphilosopher,logician,mathematician,historian,socialist,pacifist,atheistandsocialcritic.Hewasaprominentanti-waractivist,championingfreetradebetweennationsandanti-imperialismIn1950,hewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature,"inrecognitionofhisvariedandsignificantwritingsinwhichhechampionshumanitarianidealsandfreedomofthought.22/42TextStructureSection1:

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Paragraph633/42TextAnalysisThisisoneoftheessaysinBertrandRussell'sPortraitsfromMemory,whichwaspublishedin1956.Asindicatedattheverybeginning,theessaydealswiththeissueofaging.Inalightandhumorousstyle,theauthorturnsthissocialissueintoapersonaldiscussionontwotopics:Howtokeeponeselfpsychologicallyyoungandhowtoperceivedeathinone'soldage.44/42Paragraph1Part1Inspiteofthetitle,thisarticlewillreallybeonhownottogrowold,which,atmytimeoflife,isamuchmoreimportantsubject.Myfirstadvicewouldbetochooseyourancestorscarefully.Althoughbothmyparentsdiedyoung,Ihavedonewellinthisrespectasregardsmyotherancestors.Mymaternalgrandfather,itistrue,wascutoffintheflowerofhisyouthattheageofsixty-seven,butmyotherthreegrandparentsalllivedtobeovereighty.OfremoterancestorsIcanonlydiscoveronewhodidnotlivetoagreatage,andhediedofadiseasewhichisnowrare,namely,havinghisheadcutoff。55/42InspiteofTheypersevereinspiteofallkindsofdifficulties.盡管有各種困難，他們還是堅持下去。Thepartymuststaytogetherinspiteofdifferingopinions.盡管黨內(nèi)有不一樣意見，但必須團(tuán)結(jié)一致。Inspiteofdifficulties,hesucceededinfinishinghistask.盡管困難重重，他依然圓滿完成了任務(wù)。Inspiteofgreateffortswefailedtocarryourplansthrough."盡管我們作出了巨大努力,我們還是沒能完成計劃。66/42

ancestor(n.)someonefromwhomyouaredescended(butusuallymoreremotethanagrandparent)Doalllanguageshaveacommonancestor?人類語言有共同祖先嗎？Theancestorofmodernwhalesmovedintothewateraboutfifty-twomillionyearsago.當(dāng)代鯨魚祖先大約在五千兩百萬年以前從陸地移民到海洋。Manwasevolvedfromanancestorthatwasprobablyarboreal.人大約是從住在樹上祖先進(jìn)化而來.77/42asregardsAsregardsthephotography,itisstillessentiallypopularintasteandnewslike.至于它攝影，就本質(zhì)而言還是大眾趣味和報道式。AsregardshealthIhavenothingusefultosaysinceIhavelessexperienceofillness.有包括康健方面，我么有太多有用提議沒出國疑問講，因該我極少得病。Doyouhavespecialwishsasregardsthefood?食物方面你有什么特殊要求嗎?88/42maternal1.characteristicofamother;2.relatingtoorderivedfromone'smother;3.relatingtoorcharacteristicoforbefittingaparent;4.relatedonthemother'ssideThemostselflessloveismaternallove.人間最無私愛是母愛。Insometribes,wealthisinheritedthroughthematernalsideofafamily.在一些部落，財富是按照母系代代相傳。paternal99/42paternal1.belongingtoorinheritedfromone'sfather;2.characteristicofafather;3.relatingtoorcharacteristicoforbefittingaparent;4.relatedonthefather'ssideHewasbroughtupbyhispaternalaunt.他是由姑姑撫養(yǎng)成人。Incontrast,thisfellto15percentforpaternalgrandparents.相反，做爺爺奶奶僅有15%人做到了這一點(diǎn)。1010/42cutoff(v.)1.makeabreakin;2.cease,stop;3.removebyorasifbycutting;4.cutoffandstop;5.breakasmallpieceofffrom;6.removesurgicallyHecutoffasmallpieceofbreadandgaveittome.他切下一小片面包遞給了我。Thetelephoneoperatorcutusoffbeforewehadfinishedourconversation.我們話還沒說完，電話接線員就中止了我們通話。DiseasecutSmithoffinthebestpartoflife.病魔使風(fēng)華正茂史密斯英年早逝。1111/42remote(adj.)1.apartinspace;2.veryunlikely;3.separateorapartintime;4.inaccessibleandsparselypopulated;5.farapartinnatureItisaveryremotearea.這是一個非常偏遠(yuǎn)地域。Therefore,theProjectHopeisthehopeofthoseremoteregionsaswellasthatofthewholenation.所以,希望工程表達(dá)不但是那些邊遠(yuǎn)地域希望,也表達(dá)了整個國家希望。1212/42namely(adv.)asfollowsEveryworkscontainsauniqueworldcreatedbytheartist,namely,thetimespaceofart.每一部作品里都有一個由藝術(shù)家創(chuàng)造“獨(dú)特世界”-藝術(shù)時空。Theeconomicglobalizationbringsakindofnewregionphenomenon,namelyglobalcity-regions.經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化帶來一個新地域現(xiàn)象，即全球城市區(qū)域。Thenationalchannelhasdifferentauthoritydisposition,namelyadministrativerulingandciviltrial.國家渠道有不一樣權(quán)力配置,即行政裁決和民事審判。1313/42Paragraph1Part2Agreatgrandmotherofmine,whowasafriendofGibbon,livedtotheageofninety-two,andtoherlastdayremainedaterrortoallherdescendants.Mymaternalgrandmother,afterhavingninechildrenwhosurvived,onewhodiedininfancy,andmanymiscarriages,assoonasshebecameawidow,devotedherselftowoman’shighereducation.ShewasoneofthefoundersofGirtonCollege,andworkedhardatopeningthemedicalprofessiontowomen.1414/42GibbonEdwardGibbon(1737–1794)wasanEnglishhistorianandMemberofParliament.Hismostimportantwork,TheHistoryoftheDeclineandFalloftheRomanEmpire,waspublishedinsixvolumesbetween1776and1788.Itisknownprincipallyforthequalityandironyofitsprose,itsuseofprimarysources,anditsopendenigrationoforganisedreligion,thoughtheextentofthisisdisputedbysomecritics1515/42remaincontinueinaplace,position,orsituation;staythesame;Heremainedinthehospitalforasolidmonth.他在醫(yī)院里住了整整一個月。Onlyabowlandapairofchopsticksremainedonthetable.桌子上只剩下一個碗和一雙筷子。Ihaven'tseenthemfortenyears.Theyremainastheywere.我十年沒見他們了，他們還是從前那樣。1616/42terror(n.)1.anoverwhelmingfeelingoffearandanxiety;2.apersonwhoinspiresfearordread;3.averytroublesomechildWaritselfisterror.戰(zhàn)爭本身就是恐怖。Thechildclungroundmyneckinterror,andalmoststrangledme.那個孩子嚇得緊緊地抱住我脖子，差點(diǎn)把我掐死。terrorism,terrorist,terrify,terrible,terrific1717/42descendant(n.)apersonconsideredasdescendedfromsomeancestororrace;(adj.)goingorcomingdownHeisadescendantofQueenVictoria.他是維多利亞女王后代。Sheisthefirstfirstladywhoisthedirectdescendantofslaves.她是第一位成為總統(tǒng)夫人奴隸后代。HowwouldyoutellacomputertoseeifsomeoneisadescendantofGhengisKhan?你怎么讓計算機(jī)明白某個人是不是成吉思汗后代呢？1818/42infancy(n.)1.theearlystageofgrowthordevelopment;2.theearlieststateofimmaturityTheindustrywasstillinitsinfancy.這一產(chǎn)業(yè)當(dāng)初仍處于發(fā)展早期。DemocracyinTaiwanisstillinitsinfancy.臺灣民主政治仍處于發(fā)展早期階段。Frominfancy,eachchildmaygethisorherownroom.一出生，每個孩子都擁有他們自己房間。1919/42miscarriagen.

1.failureofaplan;2.anaturallossoftheproductsofconception失敗；誤送；流產(chǎn)Juliawasexpecting,butthenshehadamiscarriage.茱莉亞懷孕了但以后她流產(chǎn)了。Byamiscarriageofjusticethewrongmanwascondemned.因?yàn)榉ㄍュe誤判決，一個無辜人被定了罪。Onecommonlyheldbeliefisthatcoffeecancauselowbirthweightormiscarriagewhenconsumedbypregnantwomen.普通人相信懷孕婦女喝咖啡話會造成新生兒體重過輕或流產(chǎn)。2020/42Paragraph1Part3SheusedtorelatehowshemetinItalyanelderlygentlemanwhowaslookingverysad.Sheinquiredthecauseofhismelancholyandhesaidthathehadjustpartedfromhistwograndchildren.“Goodgracious”,sheexclaimed,“Ihaveseventy-twograndchildren,andifIweresadeachtimeIpartedfromoneofthem,Ishouldhaveadismalexistence!”“Madresnaturale,”hereplied.Butspeakingasoneoftheseventy-two,Ipreferherrecipe.2121/42relatev.1.makealogicalorcausalconnection;2.havetodowithorberelevantto;3.giveanaccountof;4.beinarelationshipwith;5.haveorestablisharelationshiptoHerelatedwhathehadseeninthetheatre他把在劇場中所看到情況敘述了一遍。Ijustusemypenandmyvoice,torelatethishistorytrustily.我謹(jǐn)以我手中筆與我聲音，忠實(shí)地敘述這段歷史。2222/42requiredadj.

1.necessaryforrelieforsupply;2.requiredbyruleIsstatisticalprocesscontrolrequiredonproduct?產(chǎn)品是否需要統(tǒng)計過程控制？Somecoursesincollegearerequiredwhileothersareoptional.大學(xué)里有課程是必修,有是是選修.Thecomponentslistedbelowarerequiredtoperformthisscenario.下面列出組件是執(zhí)行該方案所必需。2323/42melancholyn.afeelingofthoughtfulsadness;adj.characterizedbyorcausingorexpressingsadnessAdeepmelancholyrunsthroughherpoetry.她詩中貫通著悲傷情調(diào)。Thereceiptofherletterthrewmeintomelancholystate.一收到她來信，我便陷入深深憂郁中。Theprinceofmelancholy-Hamlet.Herepresentsphilosophy.憂郁王子，哈姆雷特。象徵是哲學(xué)。2424/42exclaimv.1.utteraloud;oftenwithsurprise,horror,orjoy;2.stateorannounceSheexclaimedthatshewasinnocent.她大聲呼叫她是無辜。Sheexclaiminastonishmentatthesizeofthebill.她看到帳單上數(shù)目嚇得叫起來。Thespokesmanexclaimedthatthegovernmenthadtakencontrolofthesituation.講話人聲稱政府已經(jīng)控制了局勢。2525/42dismaladj.causingdejectionThepoetsaidtomeinadismalstrain.詩人以一個憂郁語氣向我娓娓道來。Sicknessorbadluckoftenmakesapersonfeeldismal.疾病或者倒霉通常都會令一個人感到低落。Hefeltdismalafterreadingapieceofbadnewsinthenewspaper.他讀了報上一條不好消息后心情憂郁。2626/42recipen.directionsformakingsomethingHoneycansubstituteforsugarinthisrecipe.在這種烹飪法里蜂蜜能代替糖。Whatisyourrecipeforsuccess?你取得成功有什麼竅門?Canexcusemethiskindofrecipecurereallymyopia?請問這種配方真能治好近視眼嗎?2727/42Paragraph1Part4Aftertheageofeightyshefoundshehadsomedifficultyingettingtosleep,soshehabituallyspentthehoursfrommidnightto3a.m.inreadingpopularscience.Idonotbelievethatsheeverhadtimetonoticethatshewasgrowingold.This,Ithink,isproperrecipeforremainingyoung.Ifyouhavewideandkeeninterestsandactivitiesinwhichyoucanstillbeeffective,youwillhavenoreasontothinkaboutthemerelystatisticalfactofthenumberofyearsyouhavealreadylived,stilllessoftheprobablebrevityofyoufuture.2828/42habituallyadv.1.accordingtoroutineorestablishedpractice;2.accordingtohabitorcustomThehairdresserhabituallyhangthehairdryeronthehanger.剪發(fā)師習(xí)慣性地將吹風(fēng)掛到掛鉤上。Manybusinessmenhabituallyhavelunchinapubneartheiroffice.一些商人習(xí)慣性地在辦公室附近酒吧里吃午餐。Asarule,menhabituallyuseonlyasmallpartofthepowerswhichtheyactuallyposses.普通而言，人們通常只使用他們實(shí)際擁有精力一小部分。2929/42statisticaladj.oforrelatingtostatisticsThepremiumratesarefixedonthebasisofthepaststatisticallossfigures.保險費(fèi)率是依據(jù)以往貨物損失統(tǒng)計數(shù)字為基礎(chǔ)確定。statistics:(n.)abranchofappliedmathematicsconcernedwiththecollectionandinterpretationofquantitativedataandtheuseofprobabilitytheorytoestimatepopulationparameters統(tǒng)計；統(tǒng)計學(xué)；統(tǒng)計資料TheWHOthisweekalsoreleaseditsworldhealthstatisticsreportfor.世界衛(wèi)生組織在本周也公布了世界衛(wèi)生統(tǒng)計匯報。3030/42brevityn.1.theuseofbriefexpressions;2.theattributeofbeingbrieforfleetingBrevityisinwritingwhatcharityistoallothervirtues.簡練之于寫作如同寬恕之于全部其它美德。Donotsacrificeaccuracyforthesakeofbrevity.不要一味只求簡練而犧牲了準(zhǔn)確性Thebrevityoftheconcertdisappointedtheaudience.音樂會開得很短,這“使”觀眾感到“失望”。3131/42Paragraph2AsregardshealthIhavenothingusefultosaysinceIhavelittleexperienceofillness.IeatanddrinkwhateverIlike,andsleepwhenIcannotkeepawake.Ineverdoanythingwhateveronthegroundthatitisgoodforhealth,thoughinactualfactthethingsIlikedoingaremostlywholesome.3232/42whateveroneorsomeoreveryorallwithoutspecificationWhateveritis,youcantellme.不論是什么,你都能夠告訴我.Youcanbuywhateveryouneedifyouhaveenoughmoney.假如你有足夠錢,你能買你需要任何東西.Sowhateveryouwishthatotherswoulddotoyou,doalsotothem所以，不論何事，你們愿意人怎樣待你們，你們也要怎樣待人3333/42onthegroundthatHesaidthathedidn'tfireJohnonthegroundthathehadcontractedAIDs.他說他辭退了約翰并不是因?yàn)樗l(fā)覺了他患有艾滋病這一事實(shí)。Johnexcusedhimselfforhislowgradesonthegroundthattheteacherdidn'tlikehim.約翰為自己成績低辯解，其理由是老師不喜歡他。Thepoormanwassentencedtobeimprisonedforlifeonthegroundthathehadstolenbreadfromastore.這個窮人被宣判終生監(jiān)禁，理由是他偷了一家商店中面包。3434/42wholesomeadj.

1.conducivetoorcharacteristicofphysicalormoralwell-being;2.soundorexhibitingsoundnessinbodyormindItisourdutytomakelifewholesomeandusefulforourselvesandothers.令生命于本身和他人都更完美、更有所作為，是我們責(zé)任。Ifyoubelievethedoctors,nothingiswholesome;ifyoubelievethesoldiers,nothingissafe.在醫(yī)生眼里沒有什么是健康，在士兵眼里沒有什么是安全。3535/42Paragraph3Psychologicallytherearetwodangerstobeguardedagainstinoldage.Oneoftheseisundueabsorptioninthepast.Itdoesnotdotoliveinmemories,inregretsforthegoodolddays,orinsadnessaboutfriendswhoaredead.One’sthoughtsmustbedirectedtothefutureandtothingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone.Thisisnotalwayseasy:one’sownpastisgraduallyincreasingweight.Itiseasytothinktooneselfthatone’semotionsusedtobemorevividthantheyare,andone’smindkeener.Ifthisistrueitshouldbeforgotten,andifitisforgottenitwillprobablynotbetrue.3636/42guardagainstCheckyourworkthoroughlyinordertoguardagainstmistakes.徹底檢驗(yàn)?zāi)愎ぷ?，以防犯錯。Weshouldguardagainstarroganceandconceit.我們應(yīng)預(yù)防驕傲自滿情緒滋長。Wisenegotiatorsmustbeonguardagains