初二英語初三英語知識點總結(jié)

[初二英語]初三英語知識點總結(jié)初三英語詳細總結(jié)Unit1一、知識點1.Checkin:在旅館的登記入住。Checkout:在旅館結(jié)賬離開。2.By:?通過…..方式(途徑)。例:IlearnEnglishbylisteningtotapes.?在…..旁邊。例:bythewindow/thedoor?乘坐交通工具例:bybus/car?在……之前，到……為止。例:byOctober在10月前?被例:Englishisspokenbymanypeople.3.how與what的區(qū)別:how通常對方式或程度提問，意思有:怎么樣如何，通常用來做狀語、表語。what通常對動作的發(fā)出者或接受者提問，意思為什么，通常做賓語，主語。?Howisyoursummerholiday?It?sOK.(how表示程度做表語)?Howdidyoutravelaroundtheworld?Itravelbyair.?Whatdoyoulearnatschool?IlearnEnglish,mathandmanyothersubjects.第1頁共158頁?What…thinkof…?How…like…??What…dowith…?How…dealwith…?What…likeabout…?How…like…???What?stheweatherliketoday?How?stheweathertoday??Whattodo?Howtodoit?e.g.Whatdoyouthinkofthisbook?=Howdoyoulikethisbook?Idon?tknowwhatIshoulddowiththematter.=Idon?tknowhowIshoulddealwithit.WhatdoyoulikeaboutChina?=HowdoyoulikeChina?Idon?tknowwhattodonextstep?=Idon?tknowhowtodoitnextstep??Whatgood/badweatheritistoday!(weather為不可數(shù)名詞，其前不能加a)?Whatafine/baddayitistoday!(day為可數(shù)名詞，其前要加a)4.aloud,loud與loudly的用法:三個詞都與"大聲"或"響亮"有關。?aloud是副詞,重點在出聲能讓人聽見,但聲音不一定很大,常用在讀書或說話上。通常放在動詞之后。aloud沒有比較級形式。如:Hereadthestoryaloudtohisson.他朗讀那篇故事給他兒子聽。第2頁共158頁?loud可作形容詞或副詞。用作副詞時,常與speak,talk,laugh等動詞連用,多用于比較級,須放在動詞之后。如:Shetoldustospeakalittlelouder.她讓我們說大聲一點。?loudly是副詞,與loud同義,有時兩者可替換使用,但往往含有令人討厭或打擾別人的意思,可位于動詞之前或之后。如:Hedoesnottalkloudlyorlaughloudlyinpublic.他不當眾大聲談笑。5.voice指人的嗓音也指鳥鳴。sound指人可以聽到的各種聲音。noise指噪音、吵鬧聲6.find+賓語+賓補(名詞形容詞介詞短語分詞等)例:Ifindhimfriendly.Ifoundhimworkinginthegarden.Wefoundhiminbed.Hefoundthewindowclosed.Wefoundherhonest.7.常見的系動詞有:?是:am、is、are第3頁共158頁?保持:keep、stay?轉(zhuǎn)變:become、get、turn?……起來feel、look、smell、taste、sound8.get+賓語+賓補(形容詞過去分詞動詞不定式)使某種情況發(fā)生例:Gettheshoesclean.把鞋擦干凈GetMr.Greentocome.讓格林先生進來Iwanttogetmybikerepaired.我想去修自行車Youcan?tgethimwaiting.你不能讓他老等著9.動詞不定式做定語?與所修飾的名詞構成主謂關系ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.?與所修飾的名詞構成動賓關系Ihavenothingtosay.Ineedapentowritewith.Ineedsomepapertowriteon.Idon?thavearoomtolivein.10.practice,fun做名詞為不可數(shù)名詞第4頁共158頁11.add補充說又說12.join加入某團體并成為其中一員attend出席參加會議或講座joinin與takepartin指參加到某項活動中去。13.all、both、always以及every復合詞與not連用構成部分否定。其完全否定為:all---none,both---neither,everything---nothing,everybody---nobody.14.beafraidofdoingsth./sth.害怕beafraidofbeingalonebeafraidtodosth.害怕beafraidthat恐怕?lián)?，表示委婉語氣15.either:?放在否定句末表示“也”?兩者中的“任一”?either…or…或者…或者.…引導主語部分，謂語動詞按照就近原則16.complete完成，是個較正式的詞，后不能接動名詞finish指日常事物的完成17.a,an與序數(shù)詞連用表示“又一”，“再一”。例:Pleasegivemeasecondapple.Therecomesafifthgirl.第5頁共158頁18.havetrouble/difficult/problem(in)doing…..干…..遇到麻煩，困難19.unless除非，如果不，等于“ifnot”本身就表示否定，引導條件狀語從句，主句為將來時，條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。例:Mybabysisterdoesn?tcryunlessshe?shungry.=Mybabysisterdoesn?tcryifsheisn?thungry.Unlessyoutakemorecare,you?llhaveanaccident.如果你不多加小心的話，你會出事的。20.instead:adv.代替，更換。例:Wehavenocoffee,wouldyouliketeainstead,我們沒有咖啡了，改喝茶好嗎,Itwilltakedaysbycar,solet?sflyinstead.開車去要好幾天呢，咱們還是坐飛機吧。Tomwasill,soIwentinstead.湯姆病了，所以換了我去。insteadofdoingsth.作為某人或某事物的替換例:Let?splaycardsinsteadofwatchingTV.第6頁共158頁Wesometimeseatriceinsteadofpotatoes.Givemetheredoneinsteadofthegreenone.21.spoken口頭的，口語的。spokenEnglish口頭英語speaking講話的，說某種語言的。Speakingskills講英語的能力22.提建議的句子:?What/howabout+doingsth.?如:What/Howaboutgoingshopping??Whydon?tyou+dosth.?如:Whydon?tyougoshopping??Whynot+dosth.?如:Whynotgoshopping??Let?s+dosth.如:Let?sgoshopping?Shallwe/I+dosth.?如:Shallwe/Igoshopping?23.alot許多常用于句末如:Ieatalot.我吃了許多。24.too…to太…而不能常用的句型too+adj./adv.+todosth.如:I?mtootiredtosayanything.我太累了，什么都不想說。25.not…atall一點也不根本不如:Ilikemilkverymuch.Idon?tlikecoffeeatall.第7頁共158頁我非常喜歡牛奶。我一點也不喜歡咖啡。not經(jīng)?？梢院椭鷦釉~結(jié)合在一起，atall則放在句尾26.be/getexcitedaboutsth.===be/getexcitedaboutdoingsth.===beexcitedtodosth.對…感興奮如:Iam/getexcitedaboutgoingtoBeijing.===IamexcitedtogotoBeijing.我對去北京感到興奮。27.?endupdoingsth終止做某事，結(jié)束做某事如:Thepartyendedupsinging.晚會以唱歌而結(jié)束。?endupwithsth.以…結(jié)束如:Thepartyendedupwithhersinging.晚會以她的歌唱而告終。28.firstofall首先.tobeginwith一開始lateron后來、隨29.also也、而且(用于肯定句)常在句子的中間either也(用于否定句)常在句末第8頁共158頁too也(用于肯定句)常在句末=aswell30.makemistakes犯錯mistakesb.for…把……錯認為……makemistakes(in)doingsth.在干某事方面出錯bymistake錯誤地;由于搞錯mistake---mistook----mistaken如:Ioftenmakemistakes.我經(jīng)常犯錯。Imistookhimforhisbrother.我錯把他認成了他的哥哥。makeamistake犯一個錯誤如:Ihavemadeamistake.我已經(jīng)犯了一個錯誤。31.laughatsb.笑話;取笑(某人)如:Don?tlaughatme!不要取笑我!32.takenotes做筆記，做記錄33.enjoydoingsth.喜歡做…樂意做…如:Sheenjoysplayingfootball.她喜歡踢足球。第9頁共158頁enjoyoneself過得愉快如:Heenjoyedhimself.他過得愉快。34.nativespeaker說本族語的人35.oneof+(the+形容詞比較級)+名詞復數(shù)形式…其中之一如:Sheisoneofthemostpopularteachers.她是最受歡迎的教師之一。36.It?s+形容詞+(forsb.)todosth.(對于某人來說)做某事…如:It?sdifficult(forme)tostudyEnglish.對于我來說學習英語太難了。句中的it是形式主語，真正的主語是tostudyEnglish37.practicedoing練習做某事如:SheoftenpracticespeakingEnglish.她經(jīng)常練習說英語。38.decidetodosth.決定做某事如:LiLeihasdecidedtogotoBeiJing.李雷已經(jīng)決定去北京。39.dealwith處理如:Idealtwithalotofproblem.40.worryaboutsb./sth.擔心某人/某事如:Motherworriedabouthissonjustnow.媽媽剛才擔心他的兒子。41.beangrywithsb.對某人生氣如:第10頁共158頁Iwasangrywithher.我對她生氣。42.perhaps===maybe也許43.goby(時間)過去如:Twoyearswentby.兩年過去了。44.seesb./sth.doing看見某人正在做某事強調(diào)正在發(fā)生seesb./sth.do看見某人在做某事如:如:Shesawhimdrawingapictureintheclassroom.她看見他正在教室里畫畫。45.eachother彼此46.regard…as…把…看作為….如:TheboysregardedAnnaasafool.這些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。47.toomany許多修飾可數(shù)名詞如:toomanygirlstoomuch許多修飾不可數(shù)名詞如:toomuchmilkmuchtoo太修飾形容詞如:muchtoobeautiful48.change…into…將…變?yōu)椤?Themagicianchangedthepenintoabook.這個魔術師將這本書變?yōu)橐槐緯?9.withthehelpofsb.==withone?shelp在某人的幫助下第11頁共158頁如:withthehelpofLiLei==withLiLei?shelp在李雷的幫助下50.compare…to…把…與…相比如:CompareyoutoAnna,youarelucky.你和安娜相比，你是幸運的。二、短語:1.bymakingflashcards通過做單詞抽認卡2.ask…forhelp向某人求助3.readaloud朗讀4.thatway(=inthatway)通過那種方式5.improvemyspeakingskills提高我的會話技巧6.forexample(=forinstance)例如7.havefun玩得高興8.haveconversationswithfriends與朋友對話9.getexcited高興，激動10.endupspeakinginChinese以說漢語結(jié)束對話11.doasurveyabout…做有關…的調(diào)查第12頁共158頁12.keepanEnglishnotebook記英語筆記13.spokenEnglish(=oralEnglish)英語口語14.makemistakes犯錯誤15.getthepronunciationright使發(fā)音準確16.practisespeakingEnglish練習說英語17.firstofall首先18.beginwith以…開始19.lateron隨后20.inclass在課堂上21.laughtat嘲笑22.takenotes記筆記23.enjoydoing喜歡干…24.writedown寫下，記下25.lookup(v+adv)查找，查詢26.nativespeakers說本族話的人第13頁共158頁27.makeup編造，虛構，化妝，打扮28.aroundtheworld全世界29.dealwith對待，處理，解決30.worryabout(beworriedabout)擔心，擔憂31.beangrywith生某人的氣32.stayangry生氣33.goby消逝34.regard…as…把…當做…35.complainabout/of抱怨36.change…into…把…變成…(=turninto)37.withthehelpof在…的幫助下38.compare…to(with)…把…和…作比較39.thinkof(thinkabout)想起，想到40.physicalproblems身體上的問題41.breakoff中斷，突然終止第14頁共158頁42.not…atall根本不，全然不三、句子1.Howdoyoustudyforatest?你怎樣為考試做準備,2.Ihavelearnedalotthatway.用那種方法，我已經(jīng)學到了很多東西。3.It?stoohardtounderstandthevoice.聽懂那些聲音太難了。4.Memorizingthewordsofpopsongsalsohelpedalittle.記流行歌曲的詞也起作用。5.WeiMingfeelsdifferently.衛(wèi)明有不同的感受。6.Hefindswatchingmoviesfrustrating.他覺得看電影讓人感到沮喪.7.Sheaddedthathavingconversationswithfriendswasnothelpfulatall.她又說和朋友對話根本沒用。8.Idon?thaveapartnertopracticeEnglishwith.我沒有搭檔一起練習英語。9.Lateron,Irealizedthatitdoesn?tmatterifyoudon?tunderstandeveryword.隨后，我認識到聽不懂每個詞并沒有關系。第15頁共158頁10.It?samazinghowmuchthishelped.我驚異于這些方法竟如此有用。11.Myteacherisveryimpressed.給老師留下了深刻的印象。12.Shehadtroublemakingcompletesentences.她很難造出完整的句子。13.Whatdoyouthinkyouaredoing?你在做什么,14.MostpeoplespeakEnglishasasecondlanguage.英語對于大多數(shù)人來說是第二語言。15.Howdowedealwithourproblem?我們怎樣處理我們的問題,16.Itisourdutytotryourbesttodealwitheachchallengeinoureducationwiththehelpofourteachers.在老師的幫助下盡我們最大的努力來應對挑戰(zhàn)是我們的責任。Hecan?twalkorevenspeak.他無法走路，甚至無法說話Unit2一、知識點1.usedto過去常常做某事,暗指現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在的動作或狀態(tài).后跟動詞原形.usedtodosth.Thereusedtobe….(反意疑問句)didn?tthere?否定形式為:didn?tuseto或usedn?tto第16頁共158頁疑問形式為:Did…useto…?或Used…to…?be/getusedtodoingsth.習慣于,to為介詞.2.wear表示狀態(tài).=bein+顏色的詞puton表示動作.dress+人給某人穿衣服.dresssb./oneselfhaveon表示狀態(tài)(不用于進行時態(tài))3.ontheswimteamon是…的成員,在…供職.4.Don?tyourememberme?否定疑問句.(考點)Yes,Ido.不,我記得.No,Idon?t是的,我不記得了.5.反意疑問句:?陳述部分的主語為this,that,疑問部分主語用it;陳述部分主語用these,those,疑問部分用they做主語.例:Thisisanewstory,isn?tit?Thoseareyourparents,aren?tthey??陳述部分是therebe結(jié)構,疑問部分仍用there第17頁共158頁例:TherewasamannamedPaul,wasn?tthere??Iam后的疑問句,用aren?tI例:IaminClass2,aren?tI??陳述部分與含有not,no,never,few,little,hardly,seldom,neither,none等詞時,疑問部分用肯定.例:Fewpeoplelikedthismovie,didn?tthey?但陳述句中若帶有否定前綴或后綴的單詞時,這個句子仍視為肯定,后面仍用否定.例:Yoursisterisunhappy,isn?tshe??陳述部分的主語若為不定式或V-ing短語,疑問部分主語用it.例:Tospendsomuchmoneyonclothesisunnecessary,isn?tit??陳述句中主語是nobody,noone,everyone,everybody等指人的不定代詞時,疑問部分用they做主語;若陳述部分主語是something,anything,noting,everything等指事物的不定代詞時,疑問部分用it做主語.例:Nobodysaysonewordabouttheaccident,dothey?Everythingseemsperfect,doesn?tit??當主語是第一人稱I時,若謂動為think,believe,guess等詞時,且其后跟賓叢,這時疑問句部分的人稱,時態(tài)要與賓語從句保持一致,同時還要考慮否定轉(zhuǎn)移.第18頁共158頁例:Idon?tthinkhecanfinishtheworkintime,canhe??前面是祈使句,后用willyou?(let?s開頭時,后用shallwe?)6.beterrifiedof害怕的程度比beafraidof深.7.miss:?思念,想念例:Ireallymisstheolddays.?錯過,未中,未趕上,未找到.例:It?sapitythatyoumissthebus.Theboyshotatthegoal,butmissed.8.nomore(用在句中)=not…anymore(用在句尾)指次數(shù);nolonger(用在句中)=not…anylonger(用在句尾)指時間.9.right:?adj.正確的,右邊的?n.右方,權利?adv.直接地.10.ItseemsthatYuMeihaschangedalot.=YuMeiseemstohavechangedalot.11.afford+n./pron.afford+todo常與can,beableto連用.例:Canyouaffordanewcar?Thefilmcouldn?taffordtopaysuchlargesalaries.12.aswellas連詞,不但…而且…強調(diào)前者.(若引導主語,謂動與前者在人稱和數(shù)上一致第19頁共158頁例:Livingthingsneedairandlightaswellaswater.生命不僅需要水,還需要空氣和陽光.Iaswellastheyamreadytohelpyou.不僅是他們,我也愿意幫助你.13.alone=byoneself獨自一人.lonely孤獨的,寂寞的.14.inthelast/past+一段時間duringthelast/past+一段時間與現(xiàn)在完成時連用.15.die(v.)dead(adj.)death(n.)dying(垂死的)16.playthepiano彈鋼琴17.?be/becomeinterestedinsth.對…感興趣?beinterestedindoingsth.對做…感興趣?showgreatinterestin在……方面產(chǎn)生極大的興趣?aplaceofinterest一處名勝someplacesofinterest如:Heisinterestedinmath,butheisn?tinterestedinspeakingEnglish.他對數(shù)學感興趣，但是他對說英語不感興趣。第20頁共158頁?interestedadj.感興趣的，指人對某事物感興趣，往往主語是人?interestingadj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主語往往是物?aninterestingbook/man18.害怕…beterrifiedofsth.如:Iamterrifiedofthedog.beterrifiedofdoingsth.如:Iamterrifiedofspeaking.19.on副詞，表示(電燈、電視、機械等)在運轉(zhuǎn)中/打開，其反義詞off.withthelighton燈開著20.walktosomewhere步行到某處walktoschool步行到學校21.spend動詞，表示“花費金錢、時間”?spend…onsth.在某事上花費(金錢、時間)?spend…doingsth.花費(金錢、時間)去做某事如:Hespendstoomuchtimeonclothes.他花費太多的時間在衣著Hespend3monthsbuildingthebridge.他花費了三個月去建這座橋。payfor花費如:Ipay10yuanforthebook.我花了10元買這本書。第21頁共158頁take動詞有“花費”的意思常用的結(jié)構有:Ittake(s)sb.…todosth.如:Ittakesmeadaytoreadthebook.22.chatwithsb.與某人閑聊如:Iliketochatwithhim.我喜歡和他聊天。23.worryaboutsb./sth.擔心某人/某事worry是動詞beworriedaboutsb./sth.擔心某人/某事worried是形容詞如:Don?tworryabouthim.不用擔心他。Motherisworriedaboutherson.媽媽擔心他的兒子。24.allthetime一直、始終25.takesb.to+地方送/帶某人去某個地方如:Apersontookhimtothehospital.一個人把他送到了醫(yī)院。Luitookmehome.劉把我送回了家。(home的前面不能用to)26.hardlyadv.幾乎不、沒有hard困難的;猛烈地hardlyever很少hardly修飾動詞時，通常放在助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后，實義第22頁共158頁動詞之前助動詞/情態(tài)動詞，hardlyhardly+實義動詞如:Icanhardlyunderstandthem.我?guī)缀醪荒軌蛎靼姿麄?。Ihardlyhavetimetodoit.我?guī)缀鯖]有時間去做了。Itrainshardoutside,Icouldhardlygoout.27.inthelastfewyears.在過去的幾年內(nèi)常與完成時連用如:IhavelivedinChinainthelastfewyears.在過去的幾年內(nèi)我在中國住。28.bedifferentfrom與…不同29.howtoswim怎樣游泳不定式與疑問詞連用:動詞不定式可以和what,which,how,where,when等引導的疑問句連用，構成不定工短語。如:Thequestioniswhentostart.問題是什么時候開始。Idon?tknowwheretogo.我不知道去哪。30.makesb./sth.+形容詞makeyouhappymakesb./sth.+動詞原形makehimlaugh第23頁共158頁31.moveto+地方搬到某地如:ImovedtoBeijinglastyear.32.Itseemsthat+從句看起來好像……如:Itseemsthathehaschangedalot.看起來他好像變了許多。33.helpsb.withsth.幫某人某事helpsb.(to)dosth.幫某人做某事ShehelpedmewithEnglish.她幫助我學英語。Shehelpedme(to)studyEnglish。她幫助我學習英語。34.fifteen-year-old作形容詞15歲的fifteen-year-olds作名詞指15歲的人fifteenyearsold指年齡15歲如:afifteen-year-oldboy一個15歲的男孩Fifteen-year-oldsliketosing.15歲的人喜歡唱歌。Iamfifteenyearsold.我是15歲。35.支付不起…can?t/couldn?taffordtodosth.can?t/couldn?taffordsth.第24頁共158頁如:Ican?t/couldn?taffordtobuythecar.Ican?t/couldn?taffordthecar.我買不起這個輛小車。36.as+形容詞./副詞，assb.could/can盡某人的…能力如:Zhourunasfastashercould/can.她盡她最快的能力去跑。37.getintotroublewith遇到麻煩38.intheend最后39.makeadecision下決定下決心40.toone?ssurprise令某人驚訝如:totheirsurprise令他們驚訝toLiLei?ssurprise令李雷驚訝41.takeprideinsth.以…而自豪如:Hisfatheralwaystakeprideinhim.他的爸爸總是以他而自豪42.payattentiontosth.對…注意，留心如:Youmustpayattentiontoyourfriend.你應該多注意你的朋友。43.beabletodosth.能做某事如:Sheisabletodoit.她能夠做到。第25頁共158頁44.giveupdoingsth.放棄做某事如:Myfatherhasgivenupsmoking.我爸爸已經(jīng)放棄吸煙了。復合句與簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)化:?when------attheageof…?so…that…-----too…to…./enoughto…?sothat…------inordertodosth.?because…-----becauseof…?if….-----without/with…?if…-----祈使句+and/or+簡單句?賓語從句----特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式?beafraidbesurethat+從句----動詞不定式besorry?Itseems/seemedthatsb….------sb.seems/seemedtodosth.第26頁共158頁?Sb.hopes/hopedthat….-------sb.hopes/hopedtodosth.二、短語1.bemoreinterestedin對…更感興趣.2.ontheswimteam游泳隊的隊員.3.beterrifiedof害怕.4.gymclass體操課.5.worryabout.擔心.6.allthetime一直,總是7.chatwith與…閑聊8.hardlyever幾乎從不9.walktoschool=gotoschoolonfoottakethebustoschool=gotoschoolbybus10.aswellas不僅…而且11.getintotrouble遇到麻煩12.makeadecision做出決定第27頁共158頁13.toone?ssurprise使某人吃驚的是14.takepridein為…感到驕傲15.payattentionto留心,注意16.consistof由…組成/構成.bemadeupof由…組成/構成.17.insteadof代替,而不是18.intheend最后,終于19.playthepiano彈鋼琴三、句子1.Iusedtobeafraidofthedark.我以前害怕黑暗.2.Igotosleepwithmybedroomlighton.我開著臥室的燈睡覺.3.Iusedtospendalotoftimeplayinggameswithmyfriends.以前我常常花很多時間和我的朋友們玩游戲.4.Ihardlyeverhavetimeforconcerts.我?guī)缀鯖]有時間去聽音樂會.5.Mylifehaschangedalotinthelastfewyears.6.Itwillmakeyoustressedout.那會使你緊張的.7.ItseemsthatYuMeihaschangedalot.玉梅似乎變化很大.第28頁共158頁Unit3一、知識點?英語有兩種語態(tài):主動語態(tài)和補動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)表示是動作的執(zhí)行者被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者Catseatfish.(主動語態(tài))貓吃魚。Fishiseatenbycats.(被動語態(tài))魚被貓吃。?被動語態(tài)的構成由“助動詞be，及物動詞的過去分詞”構成助動詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動詞時完全一樣。時態(tài)被動語態(tài)結(jié)構例句am一般Englishisspoken現(xiàn)在are+過去分詞inmanycountries.is時第29頁共158頁一般Thisbridgewaswas+過去分詞過去builtin1989.were+過去分詞時can/should情Theworkmustbe態(tài)may+be+過去donerightnow.動分詞must/……詞?被動語態(tài)的用法當我們不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者只需強調(diào)動作的承受者時，要用被動語態(tài)。2.allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事(主動語態(tài))如:MotherallowsmetowatchTVeverynight.媽媽允許我每晚看電視。beallowedtodosth.被允許做某事(被動語態(tài))如:LiLyisallowedtogotoQinzhou.莉莉被允許去欽州。3.gettheirearspierced穿耳洞第30頁共158頁讓/使(別人)做某事getsth.done(過去分詞)havesth.done如:Igetmycarrepaired.==Ihavemycarrepaired.我讓別人修好我的車Iwanttohavemyhaircut.我要理發(fā).4.enough足夠形容詞，enough如:beautifulenough足夠漂亮enough，名詞如:enoughfood足夠食物enoughto足夠…去做…如:IhaveenoughmoneytogotoBeijing.我有足夠的錢去北京。Sheisoldenoughtogotoschool.她夠大去讀書了。5.stopdoingsth.停止做某事Pleasestopspeaking.請停止說話。stoptodosth.停止下來去做某事Pleasestoptospeak.請停下來說話。6.看起來好像…sb.seemtodosth.=Itseemsthat+從句Heseemstofeelverysad.Itseemsthathefeelsverysad.他看起來好像很傷心。第31頁共158頁7.倒裝句:由so，助動詞(be/do/will/have)/情態(tài)動詞，主語意為:…也是一樣Neither/Nor+be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語(前為否定)表示與前面所述事實一致.Sheisastudent.SoamI.她是一個學生，我也是。Shewenttoschooljustnow.SodidI.她剛才去學校了，我也是Shehasfinishedthework.SohaveI.她已經(jīng)完成了工作,我也完成了。Shewillgotoschool.Sowillhe.她將去學校，他也是。Tomcan?tswim.NeithercanJohn.8.yet仍然，還常用在否定句或疑問句當中可與although/though連用9.stayup熬夜如:Ioftenstayupuntil12:00pm.我經(jīng)常熬夜到12點。10.cleanup打掃整理如:Ihavecleanedupthebedroom.我已經(jīng)打掃完了臥室。11.程度副詞:always總是usually經(jīng)常sometimes有時never從不如:Iamalways/usually/sometimes/neverlateforschool.第32頁共158頁我總是/經(jīng)常/有時/從不上學遲到。12.曾經(jīng)做某事:Doyouevergettoschoollate?Yes,Ido.No,Idon?t.Haveyouevergottoschoollate?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven?t.13.goshopping(去購物),gofishing(去釣魚)goswimming(去游泳),goboating(去劃船)gohiking(去登山),gotrekking(去徒步)14..bestrictwith+人.bestrictin+事物.例:TheheadteacherisstrictwithhisstudentsHeisstrictinthework.15.takethetest參加考試passthetest通過考試failatest考試失敗16.theotherday前幾天,不久前的一天.(用于過去時)everyotherday=everytwodays每隔一天(每兩天)17.agree同意反義詞disagree不同意動詞第33頁共158頁agreement同意反義詞disagreement不同意名詞18.keepsb/sth.，形容詞使某人/某物保持….如:Weshouldkeepourcityclean.(cleaning?)我們應該保持我們的城市干凈。Don?tkeepmewaitingforalongtime.別讓我等得太久。19.both…and…+動詞復數(shù)形式如:BothJimandLiMingplaybastketball.20.learn(sth.)fromsb.向誰學習(什么)如:JimlearntEnglishfromhisEnglishteacher.吉姆向他的英語老師學習英語21.haveanopportunitytodosth.有機會做某事haveachanceofdoingsth.有機會做某事如:IhaveanopportunitytogotoBeijing.IhaveachanceofgoingtoBeijing.22.atpresent目前23.atleast最少atmost最多24.花費take,cost,spend,payIttake(sb.)timetodosth.Ittook(me)10daystoreadthebook.第34頁共158頁sth.cost(sb.)……Thebookcost(me)100yuan.sb.spend…onsth.Shespent10daysonthisbook.sb.spend…doingsth.Shespent10daysreadingthisbook.sb.pay…forsth.Shepaid10yuanforthisbook.25.have+時間段+off放假，休息如:have2daysoffoff不工作,不上班,不上學,不值班.例:IthinkI?lltaketheafternoonoff.我想下午歇班.Sheisofftoday.她今天休息.Ihavethreedaysoffnextweek.下周我有三天假.Theyhaven?thadadayoffsincelastweek.從上周來,他們沒休息過一天.26.replyto答復某人如:ShereplayedtoMrGreen.27.agreewithsth.同意某事如:Iagreewiththatidea.agreetosb.同意某人的意見如:IagreetoLiLei.28.getinthewayof礙事，妨礙如:Hersociallifegotinthewayofherstudies.她的社會生活妨礙了她的學習。第35頁共158頁29.successn.succeedv.successfuladj.successfullyadv.30.thinkabout與thinkof的區(qū)別?當兩者譯為:認為、想起、記著時，兩者可互用Ioftenthinkabout/ofthatday.我經(jīng)常想起那天。?thinkabout還有“考慮”之意，thinkof想到、想出時兩者不能互用Atlast,hethoughtofagoodidea.最后他想出了一個好主意。WearethinkingaboutgoingQinzhou.我們正在考慮去欽州。31.對…熱衷，對…興趣beseriousaboutdoing如:Sheisseriousaboutdancing.她對跳舞熱衷。beseriousaboutsth.如:Sheisseriousabouthim.她對他感興趣。32.practicedoing練習做某事SheoftenpracticespeakingEnglish.33.careaboutsb.關心某人如:Motheroftencareaboutherson.34.also也用于句中either也用于否定句且用于句末too=aswell也用于肯定句且用于句末第36頁共158頁Iamalsoastudent.我也是一個學生Iamastudenttoo.我也是一個學生。Iamnotastudenteither.我也不是一個學生。35.allowsbtodosth允許某人做…allowdoingsth允許做…36.stupidsillyfoolish三個詞都有“蠢”的意思.但略有不同.stupid程度最強,指智力理解力學習能力差.silly指頭腦簡單,傻頭傻腦,使人覺得可笑,帶有感情色彩.foolish尤其在口語中廣泛使用.例:Heisstupidinlearningmath.他學習數(shù)學很笨.Stopaskingsuchsillyquestions.別再問這樣傻的問題了.Youarefoolishtothrowawaysuchagoodchance.你真蠢,丟掉這樣一個好機會.37.Hedoesn?tseemtohavemanyfriends.=Itseemsthathedoesn?thavemanyfriends.=Heseemsnottohavemanyfriends.38.clean(v.)打掃,清理cleanup比較徹底地打掃,清理cleanout打掃,清理地最徹底.第37頁共158頁39.concentrateon…全神貫注做…例:Hedecidedtoconcentrateonphysicsbecausehefailedtheexam.ThiscompanyconcentratesonChinamarket.這家公司把重點放在中國市場上.40.more…than…?與其說…不如說…;比…更…例:Themanismorestupidthannervous.與其說那人緊張,倒不如說他愚蠢.?在這一結(jié)構中,more做adj.修飾名詞,表示“比…多”例:Ihavemorebooksthanyou.我的書比你的多.41.volunteer?n.自愿者.?v.volunteertodosth.自愿做…例:Weallvolunteeredtohelpintheoldpeople?shome.我們都志愿到敬老院幫忙.42.getintheway(of)...妨礙...例:Henevergetsinothers?way.他從不妨礙別人.Thebikesovertherewillgetinthewayofothers.自行車放在那里會妨礙別人的.第38頁共158頁43.success(n.)successful(adj.)succeed(v.)44.only處于句首,并后跟狀語時,全句需要倒裝.例:Onlythendidheunderstandit.只有到那時,他才明白.OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.只有這樣我們才能把英語學好.Onlywhenshecamehome,didhelearnthenews.當她到家時,他才得知了這消息.45.careabout關心,在乎,在意.例:Noonecaresaboutothersnowadays.現(xiàn)在沒人關心別人.Idon?tcareaboutwhathedoes.我并不在意他干什么.二、短語1.beallowedtodosth被允許干…allowsbtodosth允許某人干…allowdoingsth允許干…2.sixteen-year-olds=sixteen-year-oldboysandgirls16歲的孩子3.part-timejobs兼職工作4.adriver?slicense駕照第39頁共158頁5.onweekends在周末6.atthatage在那個年齡段7.onschoolnights在上學期間的每個晚上8.stayup熬夜9.cleanup(相當與及物動詞)清掃10.fail(in)atest考試不及格11.takethetest參加考試12.theotherday前幾天13.allmyclassmates我所有的同學14.concentrateon全神貫注于15.begoodfor對…有益16.ingroups成群的,按組的17.getnoisy吵鬧(系表結(jié)構)18.learnfrom向某人學習19.atpresent目前,現(xiàn)在第40頁共158頁20.haveanopportunitytodosth有做…的機會21.English-Englishdictionary英英詞典22.atleast至少23.eighthours?sleepanight每晚8小時的睡眠24.anoldpeople?shome敬老院25.taketimetodosth花費時間干…26.primaryschools小學27.have…off放假,休息28.replyto回答,答復29.getinthewayof妨礙30.aprofessionalathlete職業(yè)運動員31.achieveone?sdreams實現(xiàn)夢想32.thinkabout思考,考慮33.intheend最后,終于34.beseriousabout對…熱忠/極感興趣第41頁共158頁35.spend…on+n.spend…(in)+v-ing在…上花費時間/金錢36.careabout關心,擔心,在乎37.agreewith同意…三.句子1.Idon?tthinktwelve-year-oldsshouldbeallowedtogettheirearspierced.我認為不應該允許12歲的孩子穿耳孔.2.Theytalkinsteadofdoinghomework.他們聊天而不是做作業(yè).3.Heisallowedtostayupuntil11:00pm.允許他們熬到晚上11點.4.Weshouldbeallowedtotaketimetodothingslikethatmoreoften.我們應該被允許更加經(jīng)常的花些時間多做這類事情.5.Whatschoolrulesdoyouthinkshouldbechanged?你認為學校的哪些制度應該改一改了?6.Thetwopairsofjeansbothlookgoodonme.這兩條牛仔褲穿在我身上都適合.7.Theclassroomisarealmess.教室太臟了.第42頁共158頁8.ShouldIbeallowedtomakemyowndecisions?9.OnlythenwillIhaveachanceofachievingmydream.只有這樣我才能實現(xiàn)我的夢想.10.Theyshouldbeallowedtopracticetheirhobbiesasmuchastheywant.應該允許他們對業(yè)余愛好想練多長時間就練多長時間.11.Wehavenothingagainstrunning.我們沒有理由反對他跑步.Unit4一、知識點1.if引導的非真實性條件狀語從句即虛擬語氣通過動詞形式的變化來表示說話人對發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)所持的態(tài)度或看法的動詞形式稱為語氣，虛擬語氣表示說話人所說的話不是事實，而是一種祝愿，建議或是與事實相反的假設等。If引導的條件狀語從句分為真實和非真實條件句，非真實條件第43頁共158頁句應用虛擬語氣。如果要表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾磿r，其虛擬語氣結(jié)構為:句型條件從句主句動詞過去式(be謂語動詞形would+動詞動詞一律用式原形were)即:(從句)if+主語+動詞過去式(be動詞用were),一般過去時(主句)主語+would+動詞原形過去將來時如:IfIhadtime,Iwouldgoforawalk.如果我有時間，我就會去散步。(事實上我現(xiàn)在沒有時間)IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.假如我是你的話，我會帶上雨傘。(事實上我不是你)Iwouldsaynoifsomeoneaskedmetobeinamovie.假如有人請我當電影演員，我會表示拒絕。(事實上瑞沒有人請我當電影演員)2.pretendtodosth.假裝做某事Ipretendedtosleepjustnow.pretendtobedoingsth.假裝正在干某事第44頁共158頁Thestudentspretendedtobewritingwhentheteachercamein.pretend+從句假裝…IpretendedthatIfellasleep.3.belatefor遲到如:Iamlateforwork/school/class/party.4.afew與alittle的區(qū)別，few與little的區(qū)別?afew一些修飾可數(shù)名詞alittle一些修飾不可數(shù)名詞兩者表肯定意義如:Hehasafewfriends.他有一些朋友。Thereisalittlesugarinthebottle.在瓶子里有一些糖。?few少數(shù)的修飾可數(shù)名詞little少數(shù)的修飾不可數(shù)名詞但兩者表否定意義如:Hehasfewfriends.他沒有幾個朋友。Thereislittlesugarinthebottle.在瓶子里沒有多少糖。5.hundred,thousand,million,billion(十億)詞前面有數(shù)詞或several一詞時要不能加s，反之，則要加s并與of連用，表示數(shù)量很第45頁共158頁多如:severalhundred/thousand/million/billionpeople幾百/千/百萬/十億人hundredsoftrees上百棵樹8.whatif+從句如果…怎么辦，要是…又怎么樣如:Whatifshedoesn?tcome?要是她不來怎么辦,WhatifLiLeiknows?如果李雷知道了怎么辦,9.addsth.tosth.添加…到…如:Iaddedsomesugartowater.我把糖添加到水里。10.系動詞與形容詞連用getnervous變得緊張feelshy覺得害羞lookfriendly看起來友好11.too+形/副+todosth.太…而不能如:I?mtootiredtostand.我太累了而不能站。12.helpwithsth.如:Theyhelpwiththisproblem.helpsb.do.如:Theyhelpyourelax.他們幫助你放松13.inpublic在公共場所如:Don?tsmokeinpublic.請不要在公共場所吸煙。第46頁共158頁14.energeticadj.活力的如:Sheisaenergeticgirl.她是一個活力的女孩。energyn.活力如:Shehaslotsofenergies.她有活力。15.asksb.todo叫…做某事asksb.nottodosth.叫…不要做某事tellsb.todo告訴…做某事tellsb.nottodosth.告訴…不要做某事如:Teacheraskedmetocleantheclassroom.Teacheraskedmenottocleantheclassroom.16.startdoing==starttodo.開始做某事如:Hestartedspeaking/tospeak.他開始說話。17.borrowsth.fromsb.從某人那里借來某物如:IborrowedabookfromLily.我從莉莉那里借來一本書。18.waitforsb.等某人如:Iamwaitforhim.我正在等他。19.introducesb.tosb.把某人介紹給某人如:IintroducedLilytoAnna.我把莉莉介紹給安娜。第47頁共158頁20.invitesb.todo邀請某人做某事如:Lilyinvitedmetogotoherhomeforsupper.莉莉邀請我去她家吃晚飯。21.havedinner/supper吃晚飯havelunch/breakfast吃午餐、吃早餐22.plentyof修飾不可數(shù)名詞，也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞許多如:Theyhaveplentyoffood/apples.他們有許多的食物/蘋果。23.給某人某物givesth.tosb.如:giveanappletomegivesb.sth.givemeanapple給我一個蘋果24.getalong(with)=geton(with)?進行，進展Thebusinessisgettingalongverywell.生意進展的很順利。HowareyougettingalongwithyourEnglishstudy?你的英語學習進展的怎么樣了,?相處Doyougetalongwithyourboss?=Doyouandyourbossgetalong?第48頁共158頁你跟老板合得來嗎,I?mgettingalongverywellwithmyclassmates.我和同學們相處得很好。25.wouldrather…than…(=would…ratherthan)寧愿，而不愿。前后連接兩個動詞原形，否定形式為:wouldrathernotdosth?wouldrather…than…=prefer…to…但prefer…to…若連接兩個動詞，動詞應為v-ing形式。Hewouldratherjogthanplayfootball.=Heprefersjoggingtoplayingfootball.?wouldrather常單獨使用，表示“寧愿做…”HewouldratherwatchTVathome.?ratherthan=insteadof而不是(連接兩個并列成分，前后對稱)。I?dprefertogotoinsummerratherthaninwinter.Idecidedtowriteratherthantelephone.Ilikegoingoutwithyouratherthanwi