英語(yǔ)六級(jí)聽(tīng)力之短文省公開(kāi)課一等獎(jiǎng)全國(guó)示范課微課金獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

CET4

：聽(tīng)力---

passage1/34二、短文部分

全真短文以普通知識(shí)型短文和人物故事為主，還包含幾篇說(shuō)明文和社會(huì)熱門(mén)話題類短文．普通知識(shí)型短文在內(nèi)容上介于科普知識(shí)和社會(huì)問(wèn)題之間；人物故事普通描述歷史上真人真事和常人經(jīng)歷或生活趣聞；說(shuō)明文是對(duì)事物或現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行說(shuō)明或解釋；熱門(mén)話題類短文講述人都為人們所關(guān)注熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題．（一）主觀題型

主觀題型從提問(wèn)性質(zhì)看大致分為主旨題型和綜合推斷題型兩種．（二）客觀題型2/34主旨題型

短文中心思想是對(duì)全文概括，對(duì)全文基本了解。與事實(shí)題型相反。主旨題型主要測(cè)試考生對(duì)全文了解．這類問(wèn)題要求考生從四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中挑出最適當(dāng)做中心思想句子或最適合做標(biāo)題句子，屬于主觀性問(wèn)題．在歷年真題中，主旨題型提問(wèn)方式主要有：Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?Whatdowelearnfromthestory?Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

因?yàn)楸憩F(xiàn)手法不一樣，主旨句位置也就不固定，或在段首，或在段尾，或者段首段尾相結(jié)合，共同表示一個(gè)完全主題．段首句為主題句文章屬于演繹性文章。文章開(kāi)頭就明確主題，然后用演繹法，將觀點(diǎn)展開(kāi)．結(jié)尾句為主題句文章屬于歸納性文章．文章是稱述論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)，最終得出結(jié)論-------文章主題．首尾句呼應(yīng)表示一個(gè)完整概念，表示文章中心思想．3/34綜合推斷題型

該題目測(cè)試考生推理判斷能力.要求依據(jù)短文提供已知信息作出合理推測(cè)和正確判斷.這類題目在全真試題中所占百分比很大.按其提問(wèn)方式是非判斷也包含在內(nèi)。主要提問(wèn)方式以下:Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?Whatdoesthepassagetellusabout…?Whatdowelearnfromthestory?WhatwasEdwardsdoingwhen?Whatisthespeaker’simpressionof…?Whatis…profession?Whathappenedintheend?WhichofthefollowingisNottrue?

綜合推斷題要求考生利用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，依據(jù)自己綜合常識(shí)，結(jié)合材料中語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行判斷．判斷要符合邏輯．4/34客觀題型

客觀題型主要測(cè)試考生對(duì)短文細(xì)節(jié)判別能力。這類題目與主觀題區(qū)分在于：其答案在原文中較明確．這類題目包括面很廣，提問(wèn)普通以wh-question和how-question進(jìn)行，所問(wèn)內(nèi)容包括到人名、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、年代、數(shù)字、原因、目標(biāo)等方面。解題關(guān)鍵在于聽(tīng)清錄音，找出正確選項(xiàng)出處，以排除干擾項(xiàng)，從而確定問(wèn)題答案。綜觀歷屆考試，再應(yīng)試時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾個(gè)方面：預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)經(jīng)過(guò)預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)能夠預(yù)測(cè)短文內(nèi)容及提問(wèn)形式。抓住主題句抓住文章主題句就輕易掌握文章中心思想．要尤其注意聽(tīng)清文章開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾一、兩句，因?yàn)樗鼈兘?jīng)常是主題句．統(tǒng)計(jì)事實(shí)大致預(yù)測(cè)到題目標(biāo)要求及短文內(nèi)容，在聽(tīng)音過(guò)程中，就要有目標(biāo)去抓聽(tīng)、統(tǒng)計(jì)與題目相關(guān)事實(shí)，比如：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物等．這些信息統(tǒng)計(jì)最好不要按選項(xiàng)次序，而是依據(jù)錄音中提供先后次序在空白處統(tǒng)計(jì)。不然，會(huì)因在選項(xiàng)中找不到需要信息而分心，影響下文聽(tīng)音．

5/34４．抓住信息詞即一些連接短文各個(gè)句子、表明上下文邏輯關(guān)系詞，對(duì)了解短文非常主要，對(duì)于短文內(nèi)容怎樣發(fā)展起到信號(hào)指示作用。這類詞大致可分為四類：Ａ．起次序連接作用詞，即并列、遞進(jìn)、例示作用詞，如：and,also,inaddition,forexample,furthermore,morethanthat,likewise,moreover,whatismore等;Ｂ．起逆接作用詞，即表明下面內(nèi)容和上面內(nèi)容發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折詞，如：but,however,inspiteof,onthecontrary,instead,although,otherwise,despite,nevertheless,yet等；Ｃ．表示因果關(guān)系詞，如：because,since,asaresult,therefore,for,thus,forthisreason,so,as,since,consequently等；Ｄ．表示短文層次和先后關(guān)系詞，如：first,second,last,before,after,then,accordingly,finally,next,afterward等；6/34E.表概括(summary)詞

asaresult,finally,therefore,accordingly,inshortso,thus,consequently,inconclusion,inbrief,inaword等；

５．學(xué)會(huì)推斷依據(jù)明示信息和錄音字里行間進(jìn)行綜合推斷。這類題目比明示信息題目難多．６．聽(tīng)清問(wèn)題解題是聽(tīng)短文目標(biāo)，所以聽(tīng)清短文后問(wèn)題是解題關(guān)鍵．7/34關(guān)于短文聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練方法

Step1聽(tīng)第一遍時(shí)認(rèn)真做題Step2再精聽(tīng)4-5次，到達(dá)全文統(tǒng)計(jì)Step3對(duì)照文字材料找答案和考點(diǎn)Step4朗誦全文培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感提升語(yǔ)速8/34考試時(shí)候語(yǔ)段題解題步驟

1．聽(tīng)之前看選項(xiàng)

1)看選項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)短

2)找出選項(xiàng)中相同詞：高頻詞匯——方便確定文章內(nèi)容和范圍

3)找數(shù)字題——年代，時(shí)間，數(shù)目，金錢(qián)（聽(tīng)到什么選什么）

9/342．抓兩頭1)聽(tīng)到結(jié)尾——>回想結(jié)尾一兩句話2)什么時(shí)候結(jié)束？重復(fù)詞(重復(fù)出現(xiàn)詞就是文章所講述重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容)，同時(shí)提醒文章快要結(jié)束了Asaresult,so,therefore,thus均提醒文章快要結(jié)束了10/343．中間抓小詞1)要切記以下七個(gè)小詞：first,most,because出現(xiàn)，99%會(huì)出考題

only,just也會(huì)出考題but,however也會(huì)出考題

11/342)?？歼壿嬯P(guān)系：并列：and因果：because轉(zhuǎn)折：but,however

遞進(jìn)：themore,themore讓步：despite,although,though12/34總結(jié)投機(jī)取巧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)聽(tīng)即標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：聽(tīng)見(jiàn)什么選什么重讀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：語(yǔ)音區(qū)分，讀屢次。次序標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：行文次序和題目一致主題標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：頭三尾二原因標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：原因最?？糱ecause,so,as轉(zhuǎn)折標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：轉(zhuǎn)折次?？糱uthoweveryet13/34光明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：事情都向好方向發(fā)展最高級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：形容詞副詞最高級(jí)形式一旦出現(xiàn)，則此句即成為考點(diǎn)，如：themostimportantreasonis……;theirbiggesttroublewas……;heworkedmostefficientlywhen……科學(xué)研究標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：科學(xué)研究表明……偏怪小標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：故事總是很稀奇古怪14/34尤其提醒：短文聽(tīng)力最忌諱方式不動(dòng)手:忌諱閉眼、低頭，伏案多而不精不愿朗誦15/34養(yǎng)成良好習(xí)慣只需要堅(jiān)持4周，便能改變一生習(xí)慣

16/34EXERCISES17/34Passageone

Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11. A)Hewasonceafriendoftheruler.B)Hewasataxcollector.C)Hewasagovernmentofficial.D)HewasonceaschoolteacherinIndia.12. A)Todeclarenewwaysofcollectingtax.B)Toentertainthosewhohadmadegreatcontributionstothegovernment.C)Tocollectmoneyfromthepersonsinvited.D)Torewardoutstandingtaxcollectors.13. A)Theytriedtocollectmoremoneythantheruleraskedfor.B)Theyweregivensomesilverandgoldcoinsbytheruler.C)Theywereexcusedfrompayingincometax.D)Theyenjoyedbeinginvitedtodinnerattheruler’spalace.18/34DAC19/34PassageOne

Afriendofminetoldmethatwhenhewasayoungman,hewenttoworkasateacherinoneofthestatesofIndia.Onedayhereceivedaninvitationtodinnerattheruler'spalace.Verypleased,hewenttotellhiscolleagues.Theylaughedandtoldhimthemeaningoftheinvitation.Theyhadallbeeninvitedandeachpersonwhowasinvitedhastobringwithhimacertainnumberofsilverandgoldcoins.Thenumberofcoinsvariedaccordingtotheperson'spositionintheserviceofthegovernment.

Myfriend'sincomewasnothigh,sohedidnothavemuchtopay.Eachpersonboundbeforetheruler,hisgoldwentontoonehip,hissilverwentontoanotherhip,andinthiswayhepaidhisincometaxfortheyear.Thiswasasimplewayofcollectingincometax.

Thetaxonpropertywasalsocollectedsimply:Therulergaveamanthepowertocollectataxfromeachowneroflandorpropertyinacertainareaifthismanpromisedtopaytheruleracertainamountofmoney.Ofcoursethetaxcollectormanagedtocollectmoremoneythanhepaidtotheruler.Thedifferencebetweenthesumofmoneyhecollectedandthesumofmoneyhegavetotherulerwashisprofit.20/34Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

11.Whatdoweknowaboutthespeaker'sfriend?

12.Whatwastherealpurposeoftheruler'sinvitation?

13.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutthetaxcollectors?21/34PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14. A)Theylikedtraveling.B)Theywantedtofindabetterplacetolivein.C)Theyweredrivenoutoftheirhomes.D)Thereasonsareunknown.15. A)TheytrytoputupwithGypsies.B)TheyareenviousofGypsies.C)TheyareunfriendlytoGypsies.D)TheyadmirethemusicaltalentoftheGypsies.16. A)Specialschoolshavebeensetupforthem.B)Permanenthomeshavebeenbuiltforthem.C)Theyarenowtaughtintheirownlanguage.D)Theyarenowallowedtoattendlocalschools.22/34BAC23/34Passagetwo

Aroundtheyear1000A.D.,somepeoplefromNorthwestIndiabegantotravelwestwards.Nobodyknowswhy.Afterleavingtheirhomes,theydidnotsettledownagainbutspenttheirlivesmovingfromoneplacetoanother.TheirlatergenerationsarecalledtheRomanypeopleorGypsies.ThereareGypsiesallovertheworld.Andmanyofthemarestilltravelingwithnofixedhomes.Thereareabout8millionofthem,including3millioninEasternEurope.

Gypsiessometimeshaveahardtimeinthecountrieswheretheytravel,becausetheyaredifferent.Peoplemaybeafraidofthem,lookdownonthemorthinkthattheyarecriminals.TheNazistreatedtheGypsiescruelly,liketheJews.AndnobodyknowshowmanyofthemdiedinHitler'sdeathcamps.

Gypsieshavetheirownlanguage,Romany.Theylikemusicanddancing,andtheyoftenworkinfairsandtravelingshows.

TravellingisveryimportanttothemandmanyGypsiesareunhappyiftheyhavetostayinoneplace.Becauseofthis,itisdifficultforGypsieschildrentogotoschool.AndGypsiesareoftenunabletoreadandwrite.Insomeplaces,theeducationauthoritiestrytoarrangespecialtravellingschoolsforGypsychildrensothattheycangetthesameeducationasotherchildren.24/34Questions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

14.WhydidtheancestorsofGypsiesleavetheirhome?

15.WhatistheattitudeofsomepeopletowardsGypsies?

16.WhatmeasurehasbeentakentohelpGypsychildren?25/34PassageThree

Questions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17. A)Thecausesareobvious.B)Thecausesareverycomplicated.C)Thecausesarefamiliar.D)Thecausesarenotwellunderstood.18. A)Regulardrivertraining.B)Improvedhighwaydesign.C)Strictertrafficregulations.D)Betterpublictransportation.19. A)Highwaycrime.B)Poortrafficcontrol.C)Confusingroadsigns.D)Drivers’errors.20. A)Designingbettercars.B)Buildingmorehighways.C)Increasingpeople’sawarenessoftrafficproblems.D)Enhancingdrivers’senseofresponsibility.26/34DABD27/34Passagethree

Asthecarindustrydevelops,trafficaccidentshavebecomeasfamiliarasthecommoncold.Yettheircauseandcontrolremainaseriousproblemthatisdifficulttosolve.

Expertshavelongrecognizedthatthisdiscouragingproblemhasmultiplecauses.Attheveryleastitisaproblemthatinvolvesthreefactors:thedriver,thevehicleandtheroadway.Ifalldriversexercisedgoodjudgementatalltimes,