2023年12月英語四級(jí)押題密卷（NO.1）解析

PAGEPAGE12023年12月英語四級(jí)押題密卷（NO.1）解析（NO.1）答案速對(duì)：PartIIListeningComprehension【SectionA】1-7：BD—CA—ACB【SectionB】8-15：CBAD—ADCC【SectionC】16-25：DDA—CBD—BCDBPartIIIReadingComprehension【SectionA】26-30：DNHJC 31-35：FBGEO【SectionB】36-40：GQMBJ 41-45：ETNKD【SectionC】46-50：CACDB 51-55：CABBD答案詳解：PartIWritingDearTinny,I'mverygladtoreceiveyourlettertellingmethatyouarereadytostartyourjobhut.Asfortheadviceonhowtomakeyourresumedistinctive,Iwilltrytomakesomepracticalsuggestions.Tobeginwith,justasthesayinggoes,“Honestyisthebestpolicy.”Soisitwhencomingtopreparingforyourresume,asnoemployerwantsaliarworkinginhisTocontinue,yourresumeshouldbeconcise,presentingpersonalinformation,togetherwithashortsummaryofyourprofessionalexperience.Don'tdressupyourresumeasifitwereabookorpartofabook,becausenoonewantstoscanthroughpagesoflong-windedcharacters.Lastbutnotleast,itisoftenworthwhiletoprepareseveraldifferentresumesstressingdifferentaspectsofyourselfsoastomakethemparticularfordifferentjobsthatyou'reseeking.IbelieveyouwilltakemyadviceintoaccountseriouslyandIhopeyouwillfindthesesuggestionsuseful.Wishyoueverysuccessinyourjobsearch.Sincerelyyours,AnniePartIIListeningComprehensionPAGEPAGE2聽力原文：NewsReportOnewasarrestedafterthecarhewasdrivingploughedintothewallofahouse,seriouslyinjuringtwoteenagegirlsastheywalkedalongtheroadwithfriends.Theteenagerwasconfinedafterthevehicle,believedtohavebeenstolen,girlswerewalkingalongElsdonRoadwhenthecarcrashedintothreeofthem.Thevehiclethendroveoveragardenbushandsmashedintothewallofahouse.Twogirls,bothaged16,wereseriouslyinjuredinthecrashandathirdwasleftwithbruising.ThetwoseriouslyinjuredteenagersweretakentotheManchesterRoyalInfirmary,hip.(2)Policewerecalleda-year-oldwasarrestedonsuspicionoftheftofamotorvehicleanddrivingabovethelegallimitofacontrolleddrug.Shockedeyewitnessesreportedhearinga“l(fā)oudbang”andcamerushingoutoftheirhousesandsawtheaftermathofthesmash.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.Howmanypeoplewereinjuredinthecaraccident?B)2.Whatcanwelearnabouttheboy?D)NewsReportTwoAhandhelddevicecanidentifycanceroustissuein10seconds,accordingtoscientistsattheUniversityofTexas.Theysayitcouldmakesurgerytoremoveatumorthetechnologyisaccurate96%ofthetime.TheMasSpecPentakesadvantageoftheuniquemetabolismofcancercells.Theirfuriousdrivetogrowandspreadmeanstheirinternalchemistryisverydifferenttothatofhealthytissue.Thechallengeforsurgeonsisfindingtheborderbetweenthecancerandnormaltissue.Insometumorsitisobvious,butinotherstheboundarybetweenhealthyanddiseasedtissuecanbeblurred.Thepenshouldhelpdoctorsensurenoneofthecancerisleftbehind.Removetoolittletissue,andanyremainingcancerouscellswillgrowintoanothertumor.Buttaketoomuch,andyoucancausedamage,particularlyinorganssuchasthebrain.LiviaEberlin,anassistantprofessorofchemistryattheUniversityofTexas,Austin,said:“What'sexcitingaboutthistechnologyishowclearlyitmeetsaclinicalneed.Thetooliselegantandsimpleandcanbeinthehandsofsurgeonsinashorttime.”Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.Whatisthisnewsreportmainlyabout?C)Whatchallengedosurgeonsface?A)NewsReportThreeFornearly200years,scientistshavewonderedabouttheGiantRedSpotonJupiter.Thisweek,picturesoftheplanetshowdarkcloudsmovingaround,andthrough,alargeredovalcentre.Thesearetheclosestimageshumanshaveeverseenofthespotonthegiantgasplanet.JunospacecrafttoJupitertogathersbiggestplanet.OnMondayJunoflewovertheGiantRedSpot,whichisastormlargerthanourplanetEarth.Firstobservedin1830,scientiststhinkitmaybemorethan350yearsold.(6)Thestormmeasures16,350kilometerswideandappearstobegettingsmaller.Boltonsaid,“itwilltaketimeforthescientiststoprocesstheinformationJunois(7)NASAhopestheinformationwillalsotellthemwhatisunderneaththestorm.”JunowaslaunchedonAugust5,2011fromCapeCanaveralinFlorida.Thespacecraftwillcontinueflybystogetmoreinformationforscientiststolearnabouttheplanert.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard..WhydidNASAsendtheJunospacecrafttoJupiter?A)WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutthestormonJupiter?C)WhatdoesNASAwanttoknowfromtheinformationJunoissendingback?B)SectionBConversationOneM:Hi,Sarah!I'mAdleyBoardman.Wespokeonthephone.W:Ohyes,Iremember.M:(8-1)ItsaysonyourCVthatyoudovoluntarywork.W:(8-2)Well,whenIhavetime,yes!Idoworkatacentreforchildrenwithdifficulties.M:Thatmustbeveryinteresting.W:(8-3)It'srewardingandchallenging.M:Sarah,canyoutellusalittlebitaboutyourcurrentposition?W:I'massistantsalesdirectorforachainoflanguageschools.M:(9-1)Sothispostwouldbequiteachangethen.W:(9-2)Idon'tthinksohonestly,becausetheskillsarethesame,despitetheproduct.M:Whyareyouthinkingofmovingon?I'vecomeasfarasIcaninmycurrentposition,Ifeel,andI'mnowandwouldlovetotakeonsomemoreresponsibilities.M:(10-1)Howwouldyoudealwitharapidlychanginganduncertainglobalmarket?W:(10-2)OK,that'sactuallysomethingIwantedtotalkaboutinmypresentation…butIdsaytostayflexibleandtodiversifymarketsandsalesstrategies.M:Ok,canyoutellusaboutatimeyouclosedaparticularlychallengingdeal?W:Well,thebiggestcontractIwonwaswithalargeuniversityinIndia,toprovidelanguagetraining.Thecontractwasfulloftechnicalitiesandtheclientwasverypicky!ButIstillpulleditoff.M:(11-1)OK.Doyouhaveanyquestionsforus?W:(11-2)Yes.It'saboutyourethicalpolicyandyourcarbonfootprint.Iwaswonderingwhetheryouareplanningtoreduceyourcarbonfootprintandwhetherallyourproductsareethicallysourced?M:That'saverygoodquestion,andthat'ssomethingwe'removingtowardsatthemoment.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard..Whatdoesthewomansayabouthervoluntarywork?C).Whatisdifferentbetweenthewoman'scurrentjobandthepostsheisapplyingfor?B)Whatshouldtheydowhenfacinganuncertainglobalmarketaccordingtothewoman?A)Whatdoesthewomanconcernaboutthispost?D)ConversationTwoM:Hello,everyone.(12-1)TodaywehaveLindaForbusfromtheDepartmentofTransport,andsheisheretotalkaboutatypicallyBritishwaytotravel.W:(12-2)Ah,yes.It'sonabus—or,tobeexact,onreddouble-deckerbus.PAGEPAGE17twolevels—anupstairsandadownstairs.areddouble-deckerbusisatypicalLondonsight.M:Actually,ifyouthinkaboutaredLondonbus,(13)you'reprobablythinkingaboutonespecialkindofdouble-deckerbuscalledtheRoutemaster.Theonethat'sopenattheback.back—thereisn'tadoor;itisopen.M:Andyoucanjustjumponoroffthebus.(14)Bitdangerous.W:Yeah,abit.But,infact,wedon'treallyhavethattypicalreddouble-deckerRoutemasterbusanymore.W:Well,wedostillhavethemononeortwobusroutesrightinthecentreofLondonbutIthinkthat'ssortofatouristthing,really.Busesnowadaysaremostlynewortheverylongsingle-deckerbuses—theoneswecallbendybuses.M:Oh,yeah,Idon'tlikethosebendybuses.easiertogetonforpeoplewheelchairs,ormumswithcan'twalkverywell.ThatwasoneofthemainreasonsthattheystoppedusingtheRoutemasterbuses.M:Ohright,Ididn'tknowthat.busesandtouristsliketoseebutit'sprobablybettertotravelonthenewbuses—they'redefinitelymorecomfortable.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A)WhatisspecialabouttheRoutemaster?D)WhatdoesthemanthinkoftheToutemaster?C)WhatwasthemainreasonthatbendybusesreplacedtheRoutemaster?C)SectionCOneWhenmammalsfirstbegantogrowlarger,someofthemevolvedintotheearliestancestorsofhorses.(16)ThefirsthorsesevolvedinNorthAmerica.Theywereaboutthesizeofdogs.Theyhadthreetoes,livedinjunglesandatefruit.somehorsesevolvedtoliveonthegrasslandofcentralNorthAmerica.Thesehorseshadonebigtoeandsmallersidetoes,andtheyhadlonglegssotheycouldrunfasttoescapefromtigersandwolves.Theywerebigger,andtheyhadtheireyesonthesideoftheirheads,insteadofinfront.Byabout17millionyearsago,theseplainshorseswereeatinggrassinsteadoffruit.SomeNorthAmericanplainshorsesusedtheirlonglegstorunsouthtoSouthAmericaabout10millionyearsago.About5millionyearsago,theNorthAmericanplainshorsesevolvedintomodernhorses.SomeofthemranacrosstheSiberianlandbridgetoCentralAsia,wheretheymusthavebeenhappytofindthousandsofmilesofgrasslandthattheycouldliveon.(18)SomeoftheseAsianhorsesslowlyspreadsouthacrossAsiaandAfrica,evolvingintodonkeys.OthersstayedontheCentralAsianplains,wheretheylearnedtoeatapplesandcarrots.Sometimearound10,000BC,horsesdisappearedinbothSouthAmericaandNorthAmerica.Probablythiswasbecausehumanshuntedandkilledthemall.InCentralAsia,however,horsescontinuedtothrive,andpeopletamedthemabout4,000BC.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Whatcanwelearnabouttheearliestancestorsofhorses?D)Whatarethecharacteristicsofhorsesabout20millionyearsagoincentralNorthAmerica?D)WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutsomeAsianhorses?A)PassageTwoCollegeisanexcitingword,butalsoaterrifyingone.Aftermonthsofendlessapplications,emotionalacceptancesandrejections,anddifficultdecisions,you'rego.()Asyourdeparturedatedrawscloser,newfriends,adjusttonewacademicexpectationsandlearnhowtoliveawayfromhome.(20-1)Whenyou'renervousaboutsomething,thebestwaytofeelbetteristotalktosomeonewho'sbeenthroughitandsurvived.Andnomatterwhereyoulive,therearesuretobetonsofcollegestudentscominghomeforthesummer.therearestillplentyofpeopleyoucantalkto.Forexample,friendsofyourolderbrothersorsisters,peoplewhowereintheschoolmusicalsocietywithyouorplayedonthesamesportsteam,etc.(20-2)Ifyouworkasummerjob,thereareprobablycollegekidsbeingaroundsomewhere.Let'sseeifyoucanstartupaconversationwiththemwhileyou'reeatingicecreamoronbreak.Thesestudentsareyourmostreliableresourceforwhatcollegeisreallylike,fromschoolworktoclubstodiningtoparties.(21)Remember,though,thateverycollegeisdifferent,andthattraditionsandcustomsatyourfriends'schoolswon'tnecessarilysentireschoolparticipatesinanakedmidnightrundoesn'tmeanyou'llhavetodothesame!Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Whatmightoneworryaboutbeforegoingtocollege?C)Whatcanonedotoreducenervousnessbeforegoingtocollege?B)21.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestintheend?D)PassageThreeHowmanyplasticcarrierbagshaveyougotinyourhouse?Theshoppingbagisusemadefromthisusefulmaterial—plastic.(22)Butunfortunately,it'snottheeasiestthingtorecycleandthisiscausinganenvironmentalproblem.Someofoureverydayplasticitemsblowaway,causingdamagetothenatural(23)Theproblemismostacuteinouroceans.Astudydescribedhowremoteislandsactasasinkfortheworld'srubbish.Theybecomecollectingpointsforfishingitemsandeverydaythingsthatwethrowaway.Becauseofthedurablenatureofplastic,itstaystherecausinggreatdamagetotheSomeotherrecentworldwideresearchestimatesthat%ofallseabirdshaveswallowedplastic.Andworsestill,thisplasticisbrokendownintotinyparticlesoveralongperiodbythewindandthewaves.(24)Thenseacreaturesatthebottomofthefoodchaintakeinthem.Thesecreaturesareeatenbythefishthatweeventuallyconsume.Thesolutiontothisproblemwouldbetouselessplastic.Severalcountriesnowchargeforusingplasticcarrierbags,whichreducestheamountused.Someproducts(25)Butitseemsinevitablethatplasticwillcontinuetobenecessaryinmanyofthegadgetsthatwedemand.Sonexttimeyoupickupacarrierbag,orbuyaplasticbottleofwater,spareathoughtforthebirdsandanimalsontheislands.Whatdoyoudotohelptheenvironment?Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.Whatistherootcauseofplasticitemscausingenvironmentalproblems?B)23.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheproblemofplasticitemsinoceans?C)24.Howaretinyplasticparticlestakeninbyhumans?D)Whatcanwelearnaboutplasticfromthepassage?B)PartIIIReadingComprehensionSectionA選項(xiàng)歸類名詞：D)decline減少，削減； F)expansion增加，擴(kuò)張；G)expense花費(fèi)，代價(jià)； M)rate比率，費(fèi)用；動(dòng)詞：A)absorb吸收；理解； C)billed給……開賬單；宣傳；D)decline降低，減少； E)diminishes降低，削弱；H)intensifying (使)增強(qiáng)，(使)加??； I)limited限制，規(guī)定；J)minimize最小化，把……降至最低； L)optimizes使最優(yōu)化，使盡可能有效；M)rate評(píng)價(jià)，認(rèn)為……非常好；形容詞：B)abundant充裕的，豐富的； I)limited有限的，有限責(zé)任的；Nremedial補(bǔ)救的糾正的；副詞：K)occasionally偶然，有時(shí)候； O)ultimately最后，最終；詳解詳析：答案：Ddecline。alarming，且分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句缺少主語，此外由修飾該主語“降低，減少”為本題答案。答案：Nremedial。unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，空格后是名詞actions，因此應(yīng)填入一個(gè)形容詞修飾從句的主語actions。上文提到，隨著對(duì)食物和多產(chǎn)土地需求的增加，這一令人擔(dān)憂的土地?cái)?shù)量的減少將會(huì)增加沖突。根據(jù)語境可推測(cè)，為避免這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，就應(yīng)采取相應(yīng)的補(bǔ)救措施，因此N)remedial“補(bǔ)救的，糾正的”為本題答案。答案：Hintensifying。is，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處可以填入形容詞作is的表語，也可以“(使)增強(qiáng)，(使)加劇”為本題答案。答案：Jminimize。J)小化，把……減至最低”為本題答案。答案：C)billed。is，因此空格處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞的分詞形式與is一起構(gòu)成句子謂語，或填入形容isas搭配使用?？崭窈筇岬剑搱?bào)情況最全面的研究。BllsC)biled31.答案：Fexpansion。the，空格后是介詞of，因此空格處應(yīng)填入名詞。此處介紹的是導(dǎo)致該指機(jī)械化農(nóng)業(yè)的擴(kuò)張，故Fexpansion“增加，擴(kuò)張”為本題答案。答案：B)abundant。useHeavymultipleB)豐富的”為本題答案。答案：Gexpense。theof，因此空格處應(yīng)填入名詞，構(gòu)成“atthe+名詞+of”短語。上文提到，健康、多產(chǎn)的土地大量流失，此處說的是重耕多收以及大量使用農(nóng)用化學(xué)品都增加了農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量，而這是以我們失去土地長(zhǎng)期可持續(xù)性發(fā)展為代價(jià)的，因此G)expense34.答案：E)diminishes?！驹斀狻浚悍治鼍渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格所在句子缺少謂語，因此應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞，且根據(jù)主語this及本文時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在時(shí)可知，該謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。上文提到，機(jī)械化農(nóng)業(yè)的擴(kuò)張導(dǎo)致土地失去可持續(xù)發(fā)展的能力，再結(jié)合下文中的土地被撂荒可知，此處說的是隨著時(shí)間的推移，土地生產(chǎn)力下降了，故E)diminishes“降低，削弱”為本題答案。答案：O)ultimately。故應(yīng)填入副詞。上文提到，隨著時(shí)間的推移，土地生產(chǎn)力下降，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致土地被撂荒并最終土地沙漠化，因此O)ultimately“SectionB段通過介紹作者自己工作時(shí)睡覺的經(jīng)歷，引出其好處。~L)段指出工作時(shí)小睡通常被視為偷懶行為，但相關(guān)研究表明工作時(shí)小睡能提高工作效率，并以喬?！げ┥挠^點(diǎn)和薩拉·梅德尼克博士的研究為例證明小睡有好處。M)~N)段分析了人們長(zhǎng)時(shí)間精神高度集中工作的原因。O)~S)段以杰羅姆·西格爾的實(shí)驗(yàn)為例說明白天小睡雖然有好處，但整晚的好覺才是解決白天困乏的唯一方法。T)段介紹了作者關(guān)于實(shí)行完美小睡的建議。答案解析答案：G)的感知力變好了。perceptualperformanceNatureNeuroscienceG)處。G)段提到，發(fā)表在《自然神經(jīng)科學(xué)》上的研究表明，感知力隨著每一次測(cè)試而逐漸變差，但在測(cè)試之間小睡30分鐘的實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象的感知力停止了惡化，那些睡了60分鐘的人的感知力甚至發(fā)生了逆轉(zhuǎn)。該段中but之后有兩個(gè)并列句，分別介紹了兩組人的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。由此可知，那些睡了60分鐘的人的感知力發(fā)生了逆轉(zhuǎn)，也就是睡了60分鐘的實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象的感知力變好了。題干中的Participants和becamebetter分別是定位句中subjects和reversedG)為答案。Q)JeromeSiegelthepreviousnightQ)段畫線處。Q)段定位句提到，西格爾顯示表示，解決白天困乏的唯一真正辦法始于前一天晚上一sleepingsoundlytackletheirwearinessduringtheday答案：M)7小時(shí)可以被聯(lián)系到。concentration，technology24/7M)段。talentaccessibleaptitudeavailableM)為答案。答案：B)【譯文】：工作時(shí)間睡覺通常被視為偷懶，該行為會(huì)遭到鄙視，應(yīng)該避免在職場(chǎng)發(fā)生。TakinganapatworkworkplaceB)段畫線處。干中的lines對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的lingofhedinonempt是對(duì)定位句中的lokdownonB)為答案。答案：J)2060分鐘之間，人們能夠進(jìn)入非快速眼動(dòng)睡眠，該階段能提高記憶力和學(xué)習(xí)能力。20to60minutes，non-REMsleepDrMednickJ)段。信息。這種睡眠時(shí)間剛好長(zhǎng)到足以進(jìn)入第二階段的睡眠，或者說非快速眼動(dòng)睡眠。題干中的improvememoryandlearningabilityhelpwithmemorizationandlearningspecificbitsofinformationJ)為答案。答案：E)作效率和機(jī)敏性都有所提高。coffeebreaks，improvedproductivityandalertnessbossesE)段畫線處。【詳解】：E)段定位句表明，午餐和咖啡時(shí)間是溜走的好時(shí)機(jī)，提高的工作效率和機(jī)敏性將成為能夠在工作期間離開去睡半小時(shí)覺的奢移。由此可知，題干中的defendedthemselves和investigatedtheirwhereaboutsmakeyourcaseinquiringE)為答案。T)【譯文】：作者關(guān)于完美小睡的訣竅，涉及睡覺地點(diǎn)、環(huán)境和持續(xù)時(shí)間。tipsaperfectnapT)段?！驹斀狻浚篢)段第一句指出，如果你已經(jīng)堅(jiān)持到這里了，并且有興趣嘗試一下工作日小睡(或者無人占據(jù)、也不會(huì)被打擾的地方；讓你的周圍區(qū)域盡可能的昏暗(或者買一個(gè)睡眠眼罩放在辦公20T)為答案。N)面都產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面的影響。N)畫線處?！驹斀狻浚篘)段定位句指出，博森認(rèn)為他們已經(jīng)意識(shí)到這一事實(shí)，即這是一個(gè)大問題，它在影響工作效率、參與度、健康、安全、身心健康等各方面。有上文可知，定位句中的they指代該段第一句中的businessleaders；this和it均指代上一段最后一句提到的真正的問題techhasenabledustobeavailableatalltimes。題干中的areawarewokenupto的同義轉(zhuǎn)述；題干中的negativeeffectsoneveryaspectofpeople'slife是對(duì)定位句中的affectingproductivity,engagementhealthsafety,wellnessandallsortsofthingsN)為答案。K)【譯文】：白天小睡的最佳時(shí)長(zhǎng)是一個(gè)半小時(shí)，這樣就能經(jīng)歷一個(gè)完整的睡眠周期。anhourandahalfacompletesleepcycleK)段畫線處?！驹斀狻浚篕)段定位句指出，除此之外，你的最佳選擇是90分鐘的睡眠，這可以給你一個(gè)完整Theoptimallengthofanapbestbetanhourandahalf和complete90-minutefullK)為答案。D)的努力。JoshBersinbigproductivityproblemsD)段。morethanjustemployees'efforts對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的morecomplicatedthanthat；becausepeoplearestressedoutandnotrecoveringfromtheworkdaythecause，D)為答案。SectionCOne全文翻譯：每個(gè)辦公室工作人員都討厭會(huì)議。但這是一種奇怪的仇恨，類似于倫敦人對(duì)北線的仇恨，或失去了一部分靈魂一樣。當(dāng)研究人員調(diào)查為什么人們會(huì)忍受會(huì)議給他們的時(shí)間和理性造成的壓力時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些活，對(duì)吧？它本就是無趣的。這就是為什么稱他們?yōu)楣ぷ?。這種態(tài)度源于一個(gè)假設(shè)，這個(gè)假設(shè)不僅灌輸給上班族，也灌輸給孩子、父母以及愛人，即更則也不會(huì)受到質(zhì)疑。更可能的是，當(dāng)這些公司引入“扁平式”管理結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，這一原則還會(huì)得到加強(qiáng)，每個(gè)人都可虧底