中考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)名詞

九年級名詞中考?？济~activity活動address地址advertisement廣告advantageadviceabilityattention注意athlete運(yùn)動員action行動balancebreak間歇，休息bottom底部business商業(yè)，生意background背景challenge挑戰(zhàn)chancechangecollection收集物contribution貢獻(xiàn)choicepetitioncause原因custom風(fēng)俗condition條件，狀況couragecare照顧，關(guān)心munication交流decisiondesign設(shè)計differencediscussionduty責(zé)任，義務(wù)distance距離description描述director導(dǎo)演，負(fù)責(zé)人dangerdifficultydirection說明，方向discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)degree學(xué)位，程度developmenteducationeffort努力energy能量，精力experiment實驗expression表達(dá)environment環(huán)境excuse借口exhibition展覽experienceexplanation解釋，說明exampleexercise練習(xí)factfearfield田野，場地，領(lǐng)域feeling感覺fun樂趣friendship友誼fight戰(zhàn)斗futureforce力，力量form形式，類型habithope希望hobbyhonour，honorhealthinformationidea想法，主意interest興趣importance重要性inventioninvitation邀請interview面試，訪談instrument器械，樂器influence影響（力）introduction介紹instruction指示，命令job工作，職業(yè)joke笑話，玩笑journey（尤指長途）旅行，行程knowledge知識language語言laughter笑，笑聲lesson課程，教訓(xùn) level水平life（lives）生命，生活list名單，清單luck幸運(yùn)，運(yùn)氣meaning意義，意思member成員mess雜亂 mood心情messagemethodmind頭腦，心智naturenumber號碼，數(shù)字newsnoisenote筆記 notice通知offer提議，出價object物體，物品opinionorderopportunity機(jī)會organization機(jī)構(gòu)painpatience耐心peace和平protection保護(hù)praise表揚(yáng)patient病人progress進(jìn)步problempromisepresent現(xiàn)在，禮物prideprice價格pity遺憾pleasure高興，愉快reasonrelation關(guān)系result結(jié)果report報告research研究，調(diào)查ruleregret遺憾，懊悔relationship關(guān)系reply回復(fù)service服務(wù)shape形狀；外形stranger陌生人safetysaying格言secret秘密sight視力，景象style樣式，款式supportsign標(biāo)志silence沉默skill技藝，技巧successsuggestionsense感覺situation情況technology技術(shù)tourist游客traditiontraffictroubletask任務(wù)taste味覺，品味temperature溫度trade貿(mào)易treat款待，招待truth實情thought思想，思考voice嗓音volunteer志愿者valuevictory勝利wastewishway方式，道路worry擔(dān)心，擔(dān)憂wealth財富weight重量名詞定義：表示人、事物、抽象概念等名稱的詞。知識框架：知識框架：一、可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)1、概念:一般來說,所表示的事物或人可以用數(shù)目來計算的名詞,稱為可數(shù)名詞。2、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式（規(guī)則變化）一般情況下加scakecakes，daydaysstudentstudents，bedbeds以s,x,sh,ch等結(jié)尾的詞bus ，boxwatch ，dish，brush以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞city ，family以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞加sboyboys，monkeymonkeys，daydays部分以f,fe結(jié)尾的名詞把f/fe改成vesleaf ， wolf－wolveslife－ ， thief－thieves，knife－knives口訣：口訣：妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)嚇得發(fā)了慌,躲在架后(shelf)保己(self)命，半(half)片樹葉(leaf)遮目光。3、特殊變化的可數(shù)名詞“某國人”中國人，單Chinese 復(fù)日本人，單Japanese 復(fù)英國人，單Englishman法國人，單Frenchman復(fù)德國人，單German 復(fù)美國人，單American復(fù)口訣：改變名詞中的元音字母或部分元音字母manmen, toothteeth, goosegeesefootfeet,單復(fù)數(shù)同形fishfish, sheepsheep, deerdeer其它形式oxoxen, childchildren， mousemice初中o結(jié)尾,復(fù)數(shù)加esnegroes（黑人）， heroes，tomatoes，potatoes，mangoes口訣：4、注意：①數(shù)詞名詞（形容詞）形式，中間的名詞不能用復(fù)數(shù)；Eg: fiveyearold（也可以說有連字符，中間不能用復(fù)數(shù)）=②woman和man作為定語修飾另外一個名詞時，兩者都要變復(fù)數(shù)；一般合成詞，只將后者變復(fù)數(shù)。Eg：mandoctor——appletree——③集體名詞:表示由若干個體組成的集合體。如:family,class,team,group,army等。集體名詞作主語,如視為整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如視為個體成員,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Eg: OurteamneedsmoneytoplayinanotherMyfamilyareverywell.④常復(fù)數(shù)式：glasses, clothes, trousers, shorts, socks, scissors練習(xí)：1、Hereethree .A.Germenteacher B.GermansteacherC.Germensteachers D.German2、Nearourschooltherearethree .A.toyfactory B.toyfactoriesC.toysfactory D.toys3、Couldyoutake forthese ?Theyareverybeautiful.A.anyphotos;tomatoes B.somephotos;tomatoesC.somephotos;tomatos D.anyphoto;tomatoes二、不可數(shù)名詞的用法1、概念：物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞無法用數(shù)目來計算,稱為不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞通常無復(fù)數(shù)形式。2、用法：①（沒有量詞的情況下）不能與a/an或者數(shù)字連用，表示特指時可與定冠詞the連用。②結(jié)構(gòu)：“數(shù)詞+量詞+of+名詞”注意：量詞有數(shù)的變化。常見量詞有：piece,cup,bag,bottle,glass,box,bowl,plate,set,kind等。Eg: （一則新聞）; （三杯水）☆③（1）修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量詞有： , , plentyof, , 等。只用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量詞有： , agreatdealof, abitof, agreatamountof, , 等。只用來的數(shù)量詞有：many， ， ， 等3、常見的不可數(shù)名詞：news,advice,information,fun,space,,homework,time（時間）,money,paper,food,meat,fish(魚肉),chicken,pork,beef,mutton,orange果汁),milk,tea,rice,bread,ice,rain,wind,cloud,air,math,Chinese,English,music,work(工作),room(空間)，furniture【中考真題】（ ）1.Allthe aremadeof ,notplastics.A.glass;glass B.glasses,glass C.glasses,glasses D.glass,glasses（ ）2.Jennygaveus onhowtoimproveEnglish.A.someadvice B.manyadvices C.someadvices D.anadvice4、某些名詞表示物質(zhì)或抽象概念時是不可數(shù)的,而在表示個體概念時是可數(shù)的。名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)work作品工作weight砝碼體重orange橘子橙汁，橙色room房間空間chicken小雞（單數(shù)chick）雞肉time次數(shù)時間exercise練習(xí)鍛煉（體操）experience經(jīng)歷經(jīng)驗glass玻璃杯玻璃名詞所有格s’s’所有格 有生命在詞尾加’s/’of所有格無生命of+名詞/代詞of+s’所有格雙重所有格of+名詞性物主代詞1、名詞所有格有生命①單數(shù)名詞或者不以“s”結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，其名詞所有格形式: Eg：②以“s”結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，其名詞所有格形式: ’Eg：2、表示時間、距離、長度、重量、價格等名詞的所有格，也可以加’s或’構(gòu)成。Eg: amile'sdistance 一英里的距離twentyfivepounds'weight 二十五磅的重量today'snewspaper 今天的報紙afivedaytrip =afivedaystrip 五天的旅程3、表示商鋪、某人的家、診所、或餐館等的名詞所有格,其后名詞可以省略。atmyuncle's在我叔叔的家里 atthedoctor's在醫(yī)生的診所里4、表示一件東西為多人共,有只需在最后一個人的名字后加’s ;若表示各自所有,則需在每個名字后都加’s;表示共有，謂語動詞；表示各自所有，謂語動詞用 。Eg：AlanandAmy'sputer (be)verybeautiful.Alan'sandAmy'sputers (be)very5、名詞所有格無生命表示無生命東西的所有關(guān)系，of所有格有“of+名詞/代詞”構(gòu)成Eg: 房間的門6、雙重所有格（1）of+名詞所有格（'s）他是你爸爸的一個朋友。 （2）of+名詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞：他是她的一個朋友。 名詞性物主代詞：一、語法選擇。AHaveyoueverreadthenovelTheAdventureofSawyer?HaveyoueverbeentoaplacecalledHannibal?EveryvisitorsfromallovertheworldetoHannibal,Missouri,foraspecialeventNationalSawyerDays.Theeventcelebratesthegreatwriter1wasnamedMarkMarkspenthischildhood2Hannibal,livingthereforabout10years,andhiscreationwas3littlenaughtyboyTomSawyer.Theeventisgreatfun.Amongthemanyinterestingcontests,4oneisthenationalFencePaintingContest.Wheredoesthiscontestefrom?Ofcourse,5esfromthefamousstorySawyerPaintstheFence".ManystatesintheUSA6thefencepaintingconteststhroughouttheyearandsendtheirwinnerstoHannibalforthenationalFencePaintingContest.Tentothirteenyearold“TomSawyers”7onthreeparts:first，theclothestheywear；second，howfasttheypaintthefence；third，how8winnerwillgetatrophy（獎品）.Everybodyisveryexcitedwhilewatchingtheevent.Besidesthefencepaintingcontest,thereisanotherinterestingeventtheandBeckyContest.Thecontestisopenonlyformiddleschoolstudents.Thestudents9passtwoexams.see,beingaorBeckyisnotAlthoughthestoryofSawyerisfictional,10it'sbasedonfactanditbringsalotoffun.IfyougotoHannibal,you'llseethewhitefencewhichstillstandsinfrontofboyhoodhome.( )1.A.whom( )2.A.for( B.whoB.onB.anC.whichC.withC.theD.whatD.inD./( )4.A.famousB.morefamousC.themorefamousD.themostfamous( )5.A.itB.theyC.thisD.that( ))6.A.heldB.holdC.holdsD.areholding( )7.A.judgeB.judgedC.werejudgedD.arejudged( )8.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best( )9.A.mustB.mayC.canD.could( )10.A.butB.soC.asD./BNowadaysmanypeoplegetusedtowastingthings,especiallyyoungpeople.Intheschool,wastecanbeseeneverywhere.Somestudentsask1morefoodthantheycaneatandothersoftenforgettoturnoffthelights2theyleavetheclassroom.canbringalotofproblems.SomeonesaysChinaisrichinsomeresources,suchascoal,oil,treesandsoon.Somepeopleevensay"3richourcountryis!"Butactuallywe4nocoaloroiltousein100yearsifwegoonwasting.reallyfeel5aboutwhatwecanuseinthefuture.can'timagine6wecangoonlivingwithouttheseresources.Thinkaboutit7.Ithinkweshouldsay"no"tothestudents8wastethingseveryInourdailylife,wecandothings9wastefromhappening.Forexample,weshouldturnofftapsafterusingthem.Don'tthrowtheusedpaperbecausewecanrecycleit.Let'sstartoutsmallfromnowon.Littlebylittle,everythingwillbechanged.canbestoppedonedayifwedo10best.Thenaturewillbemoreharmoniousandourcountrywillbeemoreandmorebeautiful.( )1.A.about( )2.A.afterB.ofB.beforeC.withC.sinceD.forD.whether( )3.A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata( )4.A.haveB.hadC.havehadD.willhave( )5.A.worryB.worriesC.worriedD.worriedly( )6.A.whatB.whenC.thatD.how( )7.A.careB.carefulnessC.carefullyD.careful( )8.A.whoB.whatC.whereD.which( )9.A.stopB.tostopC.stoppingD.stopped( )10.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours二、閱讀下面一篇關(guān)于交通安全的短文。請你根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，回答后面的問題。childrendon'thavetheskillsorknowledgetostaysafeinheavytraffic.Thefollowing忠告）willbehelpfulforyoutokeepyourchildrensafeinheavytraffic.Childrenlearnaboutroadsafetybywatchingothers.Asparents，makesurethatyoualwayssetgoodchildrenwillfollowyouandthinkit'sOKtodolikeyourchildrentopayattentiontotrafficlightswhenyoucrosstheroadtogetherwiththem.Thishelpsthemunderstandwhenit'ssafetocross.Makesurethatyouwalkbetweenyourchildrenandtraffic，andholdtheirhandsallthetime.Whenyourchildrenarealittleolder,youcanstarttotellthemtheimportanceoftrafficknowledge.Letthemstarttounderstandthereasonswhytheyneedtobesocareful.Talkwiththemaboutroadsignsandtrafficrules.Askyourchildrentoplayinasafeplace.Neverletthemridebikesontheroadwithoutanadultpresentatrushhours.Themostimportantthingyoucandoistokeepyourchildrenfromgettinghurt,soparentsencouragethemtofollowtrafficrules.Afterknowingabouttrafficrules,they'llvolunteertoobeythem.Inthisway,they'llbecarefulenoughtokeepthems