福建省百校聯(lián)考2023-2024學年高三下學期正月開學考試英語試題

絕密★啟用前2023～2024學年福建百校聯(lián)考高三正月開學考英語全卷滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。注意事項：1.答題前、先將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將條形碼粘貼在名題號上的指定位置2.請按題號順序在答題卡上各題目的答題區(qū)城內作答，寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上約作答題區(qū)城均無效，3.選擇題用2B鉛筆在答題卡上把所選答案的標號涂黑;非選擇題用黑色簽字筆在答題卡上作答;宇體工整，筆跡清楚。4.考試結束后，請將試卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.?19.15.B.?9.18.C.?9.15.答案是C。1.Whoisthewomanhavingaconversationwith?A.Areporter.BAtravelagentC.Ashopassistant.2.Whataspectofthesculptureistheman’sfavourite?A.Thematerial.B.ThedesignerC.Thecolour3.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthelecture?A.It’sinteresting.B.There’snothingbetterthanit.C.Shedoesn’tlikeitatall.4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Takingphotos.B.Careerchoices.C.Familyrelationships.5.Whyisthecustomerangry?A.Themanwasrudetoher.B.Shedidn’tgetherfood.C.Themanagerrefusedtotalktoher.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Coworkers.B.Tutorandstudent.C.Classmates7.Whenwillthespeakersprobablymeetnexttime?A.OnThursday.B.OnMondayC.OnFriday.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Helikesfreshcoconut.B.Hepreferscoconuttobedried.C.Hedislikesthetasteofcoconut.9.Whatdidthespeakersjustbuylastweekend?A.ButterB.CarrotsC.Pictures.10.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Turntheovenon.B.BuysomeeggsC.Cutthecoconutintopiece.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatdidthewomanlastread?A.GreatExpectations.B.WarandPeace.C.TheHistoryofJewsinRussia.12、Whatkindofbooksdoesthewomanwanttoreadnow?A.Moreseriousliterature.B.Bestsellers.C.Onesaboutfamilylife.13.Whatisthemanprobably?A.Awriter.B.Ahistorian.C.Alibrarian.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Howlongdidtheman’striplast?A.FivemonthsB.Twoweeks.C.Ayear.15.WhydidthewomanplantogotoBrazillastyear?A.Toacpanyherboss.B.Tovisitherparents.C.Tohaveabusinesstrip.16.Whatwillthewomandofortheman?A.Findhimaplacetolive.B.Offerhimsomefood.C.Introducehimtoherfriend.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatdoesthespeakerwanttoshowbytellingthestory?A.Kids’struggleinlearninginstruments.B.Thebenefitsofmusic.C.Thepopularityoflearningthepiano.18.Whendidthemanstartpractisingpiano?A.Whenhewas15yearsold.B.Whenhewas4yearsold.C.Whenhewasahighschoolstudent.19.Whathelpedthemanfindconfidence?A.HistrainingB.Hisattitude.CHisachievement.20.Whichcansummarizethemainideaofthetalk?A.Loveisathingthatgrows.B.Practicemakesperfect.C.Contentisbetterthanriches.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AAlanguagecorpus(語料庫)isahugecollectionoftextstakenfromprint,video,audioandothersources.ItisapowerfultoolthatcanhelpyoulearnmoreaboutEnglishwordsandphrases.TheCorpusofContemporaryAmericanEnglish,orCOCA,containsoveronebillionwordsfrom1990to2019.Andithasmanywaystohelplearnersfindoutmoreabouthowwordsareused.HowtouseCOCAFirst,youwillneedtoregisterwithCOCAtousethecollection.Youcanregisterfortwokindsofaccounts.Afreeaccountlimitsyouto20searchesforwordswithinany24hourperiod.Apaidaccountwillgiveyou200searcheswithinany24hourperiod.HerearethestepsforusingCOCAtofindexamplesofhowawordisused.Wewillusethewordprofoundtoshowthis.·Onthehomepage.typethewordprofoundinthewhitesearchboxontheleftsideofthescreen.·Click“findmatchingstrings”justbelowthesearchboxThiswilltakeyoutoanewwebpage.·Onthisnewpage.youwillseethewordprofoundinblue.Clickonit.·Youwillnowseeapagewith100examplesusingthewordprofound,andthewordprofoundisshowningreen.Thesourceofeachexampleisshownontheleftside.·Ifyouclickonthesourceontheleft,COCAwillshowyoualargerpartofthetextcontainingtheexample.·Ifyouwanttoseemoreexamples,clickthetwoforwardpagearrows>>atthetoporbottomleft.Thisbringsyoutothenext100examples.Inthisway,youmightfindmorekindsofsourcesfortheexamples.1.WhatisCOCA?A.AtextbookonAmericanEnglishchanges.B.AreportaboutthedevelopmentofEnglish.C.AnEssentialtoolforbeginnersofEnglish.D.AdatabaseofContemporaryAmericanEnglish.2.Whatisthedisadvantageofafreeaccount?A.Only200searchesavailable. B.Lessusagewithin24hours.C.Only20examplesperword. D.Difficultyinapplyingforanaccount.3.Howcanyoufindabroadersourceforeachexample?A.Reenterthiswordonthehomepage. B.Clickanotherpagewith100moreexamples.C.Clickontheleftsideoftherelevantexample. D.Clickpagearrowsatthetoporbottomleft.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了當代美國英語語料庫的使用方法?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“TheCorpusofContemporaryAmericanEnglish,orCOCA,containsoveronebillionwordsfrom1990to2019.Andithasmanywaystohelplearnersfindoutmoreabouthowwordsareused.(當代美國英語語料庫（COCA）從1990年到2019年包含了超過10億個單詞。它有很多方法來幫助學習者更多地了解單詞是如何使用的)”可知，COCA是當代美國英語數據庫。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“Afreeaccountlimitsyouto20searchesforwordswithinany24hourperiod.(免費帳戶限制您在任何24小時內搜索20個單詞)”可知，免費帳戶的缺點是24小時內限制使用。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段中“·Ifyouclickonthesourceontheleft,COCAwillshowyoualargerpartofthetextcontainingtheexample.(·如果您點擊左側的源代碼，COCA將顯示包含示例的大部分文本)”可知，單擊相關示例左側的可以為每個示例找到更廣泛的來源。故選C。BWhenIwasinmysecondyearinseniorhighschool,IfoundafourdollaranhourparttimejobatVillanovaPizza.Likemanyofmyfriends,Ilongedtoearnsomepocketmoneyfromthejobaswellasgainingsocialexperience.JustoneweekafterIworkedthere,Stubby,themanager,calledmeintohisoffice.Asthesayinggoes,“l(fā)ifeisn’tabedofroses”.Myfirstjobendedinfailure,HisreasonwasthatIshoweduplatetwiceandtookmorebreaksthanothers.“Oh,I’maloser,”Ithoughttomyself.Ibelievedthatthoughtwassharedbymybrothers,neitherofwhomhadeverbeenfired,andmymother,thoughshewouldneverexpressitinthoseterms.“Iamtoosadtodoanything,”Iplainedtomyfather.Afterlisteningtomywords,helaughed.“It’snotfunny;I’maloser,”Isaid.“No,you’renot.Thisisapartofgrowingup.Youwillbeallright,mydeardaughter,”hesaid,pattingmyshoulder.“Trustme.Youaregoodenough.”Ilookedintomyfather’seyesandIcouldseehereallytrustedme.AndIbelievedhim.Sincethen,“Trustme.Youaregoodenough”aretheonlywordsIhaverepeatedtomyself.IhaveworkedhardtobeabetterpersonandcherishedeverychanceIhavegot.Finally,Isucceededinenteringagooduniversity.AftergraduationIfoundmydreamjob.Icouldn’twaittocallmyfatherandshowmygratitude.Lookaheadwhenyouexperiencesomethingunpleasantandthereisalwayssomeonearoundbelievinginyou.Whentheybelieveinus,webegintobelieveinourselves,too.Theytelluswearegoodenoughoverandoveruntilwecanhearit.4.Whywastheauthorfired?A.Shewasusuallylateforwork,B.Shehadnosocialexperience,C.Shehadtoomanybreaks.D.Shefailedtopletehertask.5.Whatdidtheauthor’sfatherdoafterknowingherfailure?A.Helaughedather.B.Heplainedtothecruelboss.C.Hewastoosadtodoanything.D.Hefortedherandsaidhebelievedinher.6.Whatdidtheauthordoassoonasshefoundherdreamjob?A.Shephonedherfatherandthankedhim.B.Shereturnedhometohaveacelebration.C.Sheshowedhergratitudetoherteacher.D.Sheinvitedherfamilytoabigparty.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’sfather?A.Strictanddevoted.B.Caringandkind.C.Ambitiousandbrave.D.Humbleandhumorous.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章敘述了作者在高二的時候做一份兼職被解雇而備受打擊，在父親的幫助下，作者重拾信心的故事。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段的“Myfirstjobendedinfailure,HisreasonwasthatIshoweduplatetwiceandtookmorebreaksthanothers.(我的第一份工作以失敗告終，他的原因是我遲到了兩次，休息時間比其他人多)”可知，經理之所以將作者辭退，是因為他認為作者遲到了并中途休息了太多次。故選C項。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段的““No,you’renot.Thisisapartofgrowingup.Youwillbeallright,mydeardaughter,”hesaid,pattingmyshoulder.“Trustme.Youaregoodenough.”(“不，你不是。這是成長的一部分。你會沒事的，我親愛的女兒，”他拍拍我的肩膀說。“相信我。你已經足夠好了?！?”以及第四段的“Ilookedintomyfather’seyesandIcouldseehereallytrustedme.(我看著父親的眼睛，我能看出他是真的信任我)”可推知，作者在告訴父親她的經歷后，父親安慰她、鼓勵她，并給她信任。故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段的“AftergraduationIfoundmydreamjob.Icouldn’twaittocallmyfatherandshowmygratitude.(畢業(yè)后.我找到了理想的工作。我迫不及待地打給我父親，表達我的感激之情)”可知，作者在找到理想的工作后，第一時間就給她父親打了去分享這個事，并表達了對父親的感激。故選A項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段“Lookaheadwhenyouexperiencesomethingunpleasantandthereisalwayssomeonearoundbelievinginyou.Whentheybelieveinus,webegintobelieveinourselves,too.Theytelluswearegoodenoughoverandoveruntilwecanhearit.(當你經歷一些不愉快的事情時，要向前看，周圍總是有人相信你。當他們相信我們時，我們也開始相信自己。他們一遍又一遍地告訴我們我們已經足夠好了，直到我們能聽到為止)”以及上文可知，文章敘述了作者在高二的時候做了一份兼職而不久就被解雇了。這給作者的內心造成很大傷害以至于作者不相信自己的能力。而后來跟父親分享之后，在父親的鼓勵下，作者重拾信心，考上理想大學，并在畢業(yè)后找到了理想的工作。由此推知，作者的父親是關心他人且和藹的。故選B項。CThroughouthistory,technologicalprogresshasbroughtnewwealthbuthasnotalwaysimprovedpeople’slives.Economistsnowsayitisnotclearwhetherartificialintelligence(AI)willhelporhurtsociety.McKinleyisabusinessconsultingpany.ItsaidAIcouldaddbetween$14trillionand$22trillionofvaluetotheworld’seconomy.Supporterssaythetechnologywillcreatewealthandimprovelivingstandards.SomegoasfarassayingAIwillincreasepeople’sfreetimeandhelpthembemorecreative.Butothersareworriedthetechnologywillleadtolosingjobs.TheypointtoHollywoodwritersandactorswhoareworriedthattheywillbereplacedbytechnology.TheInternetarrivedwithasimilaromenofmoreproductivity,wealthandjobs.Recently,theFrenchbankNatixisnotedinitsresearchthatmostofthewealthhasgonetoafewbillionaires.Andmanyofthejobsdonotrequirehighlypaid,skilledworkers.Someworkershopethetechnologywillincreasepayandjobsatisfaction.Buttheyarealsoconcernedthatthetechnologycouldpushpeopletoworktoohard.Suchconcernsarenotunfounded.Historyhasshowntheeconomicimpactoftechnologicalprogressisgenerallyuncertain,unequalandevenharmful.Johnsonrecentlypublishedabook,PowerandProgress,withDacronAcemoglu,anothereconomistfromMIT.Theystudiedtechnologicalprogressoverthelast1,000yearsincludingclothingproduction,traintravel,andevenfoodshopping.Johnsonnotedthatitiseasiertocreatesomethingnewthantomakesureitworksforeveryone.Thetwoeconomistslookedataninventioncalledthespinningjennythatmadeiteasiertoturncottonandwoolintoyarn(紗線).Theysaidthedevicehelpedclothingproductionandcreatedwealthformanypeopleinthelate1700s.However,italsoincreasedthedemandforcottonandledtolongerhoursforworkers.ThedemandalsoledtothegrowthofslaveryinthesouthernUnitedStates.AsforAItechnology,Johnsonwondersifitwillmakeexistinginequalitiesworse,or“couldithelpusgetbacktosomethingfairer”?8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“omen”meaninParagraph3?A.Sign. B.Requirement. C.Experience D.Level.9.WhatdoesParagraph1intendtotellus?A.Lessonsfromhistory. B.Theexcitementofcreatingnewthings.C.Importanttechnologicalinnovationsinhistory. D.Theapplicationofthespinningjenny.10.WhatisJohnson’sattitudetowardsartificialintelligence?A.Surprised. B.Scared. C.Objective D.Unfavourable11.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A.Abookreview. B.Asciencefictionnovel. C.Aneconomicstextbook. D.Atechnologyreport.【答案】8.A9.A10.C11.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。歷史經驗表明技術進步帶來了新的財富，但并不總能改善人們的生活。文章主要陳述了作者對科技發(fā)展帶來的影響的觀點?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據劃線詞后文“Recently,theFrenchbankNatixisnotedinitsresearchthatmostofthewealthhasgonetoafewbillionaires.(最近，法國外貿銀行在其研究中指出，大部分財富都流向了少數億萬富翁。)”可知，互聯(lián)網的出現(xiàn)也是生產力、財富和就業(yè)的提高的跡象。故劃線詞omen意為“跡象，征兆”。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第一段“Throughouthistory,technologicalprogresshasbroughtnewwealthbuthasnotalwaysimprovedpeople’slives.Economistsnowsayitisnotclearwhetherartificialintelligence(AI)willhelporhurtsociety.(縱觀歷史，技術進步帶來了新的財富，但并不總能改善人們的生活。經濟學家現(xiàn)在表示，尚不清楚人工智能對社會是有益還是有害。)”可知，第一段想要告訴我們歷史教訓。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“AsforAItechnology,Johnsonwondersifitwillmakeexistinginequalitiesworse,or“couldithelpusgetbacktosomethingfairer”?(至于人工智能技術，約翰遜想知道它是否會加劇現(xiàn)有的不平等，還是“它能幫助我們回到更公平的狀態(tài)”？)”可推知，Johnson對人工智能會幫助社會還是危害社會的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段“Throughouthistory,technologicalprogresshasbroughtnewwealthbuthasnotalwaysimprovedpeople’slives.Economistsnowsayitisnotclearwhetherartificialintelligence(AI)willhelporhurtsociety.(縱觀歷史，技術進步帶來了新的財富，但并不總能改善人們的生活。經濟學家現(xiàn)在表示，尚不清楚人工智能對社會是有益還是有害。)”以及文章主要陳述了作者對科技發(fā)展帶來的影響的觀點，故應該選自一篇科技報道。故選D。DAblindfishlivingwithinaMexicancavesystem’sdeep,enduringdarknessstillmaintainssomeabilitytosenselight.Asthecavefishnolongerseemtorelyonaninternaldailycycleandsomesleepverylittle,biologistIncaSteindalandhercolleagueswerekeentoseeiftheirbodiescanstillregulatecyclicallythroughtime.MostanimalsonEarthhaveaninternalclockforthisthecircadianrhythm(晝夜節(jié)律)thatuseslightlevelstomakeourbodiesfitinwithourplanet’sdayandnightcycles.Thisrhythmisthenusedtocyclethroughdifferentbiologicalprocessesthatcaninfluenceourbehaviour,suchasourhungercycles.TheMexicanblindcavefishliveinaplexofover30isolatedcaves,withinwhichtheyhaveeachindependentlyadjustedtothedark.Theirbodiesareextrasensitivetovibrations(震動),allowingthemtosensechangesinwatercurrentsfornavigation(導航)inpensationfortheirlimitedorpletelackofsight.Thisadaptationoccurreddespitethefishfromeachcaveevolvingfromthesamespecieswithfullyfunctioningeyes.ThisancestralgroupstilllivesinthesurfacewatersintheElAlbraregionofMexicoandsomepartsoftheSouthwesternUS.Steindalandherteamtooktissuesamplesfromtheblindcavefish,fromthreeisolatedcaves,andtheirsurfacerelativesandtestedthecellsindifferentconditions.Theydetectedtheactivationofseveralmolecular(分子的)clockmechanismswhenthecellswereexposedtolight,eveninthecavefishcells.“Nonvisuallightdetectionismaintainedatafundamentalcellbasedlevel,”theresearchersexplain,althoughthecavefishcellsdidnotrespondasstronglyasthosecellsfromsurfacefish.Whilethereweresomesimilaritiesbetweenthefishfromthedifferentcavesparedtotheirsurfacerelatives,therewerealsodifferencesthatconfirmtheirbiologicalclockchangeseachevolvedindependentlyofoneanotherviadifferentmolecularmechanisms.“Wehaveprovidedproofthatdespitebeingblind,cellsfromtheMexicanblindcavefishcandetectlightandmaketheirclocksfitinwithalight/darkcycle,”Steindalandhercolleaguesconclude.Theteamhopesthesecanhelpuslearnmoreaboutthecircadianrhythmandprovideaneasierwaytostudyanimaladaptationstodarkenvironments.12.Astothecavefish,whatdidSteindalandherfellowstrytofindout?A.Iftheyhaveacircadianrhythm. B.Iftheyrelyonaninternaldailycycle.C.Iftheyneedtosleep. D.Iftheyareabletosenselight.13.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?A.TheMexicancavefish’sancestorshadnormalvision.B.TheMexicancavefish’shomeisinthedarkdeepsea.C.TheMexicancavefishhaveadaptedtodarkness.D.TheMexicancavefishhavetroublenavigating.14.Whichofthefollowingcansupporttheconclusionofthestudy?A.Cavefish’suniquemolecularstructures.B.Nonvisuallightdetectionincavefishcells.C.Thecavefish’sadjustmentt0molecularclockmechanisms.D.Biologicalclockchangesevolvedindependently.15.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhyDotheMexicanCavefishLiveintheDarken“B.ABlindCavefishCanStillPerceiveLight.C.HowCantheMexicanCavefishFitinwiththeDayCycles?D.TheBiologicalClocksoftheLifeintheSenAreConstantlyChanging.【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了墨西哥盲洞魚在深層洞穴中的生存情況，以及它們對光的感知能力。研究人員通過實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管盲洞魚無法看見，但它們的細胞仍然可以感知光線，并在一定程度上調節(jié)其生物鐘。這表明即使在黑暗環(huán)境下，生物的生物鐘仍然可以通過不同的分子機制進行調節(jié)?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段中“Asthecavefishnolongerseemtorelyonaninternaldailycycleandsomesleepverylittle,biologistIncaSteindalandhercolleagueswerekeentoseeiftheirbodiescanstillregulatecyclicallythroughtime.MostanimalsonEarthhaveaninternalclockforthisthecircadianrhythm(晝夜節(jié)律)thatuseslightlevelstomakeourbodiesfitinwithourplanet’sdayandnightcycles.(由于洞穴魚似乎不再依賴于體內的日常循環(huán)，有些睡眠很少，生物學家印加·斯坦達爾和她的同事們渴望了解它們的身體是否仍然可以隨著時間的推移進行周期性調節(jié)。地球上的大多數動物都有一個生物鐘，晝夜節(jié)律利用光線水平使我們的身體適應地球的晝夜循環(huán))”可知，斯坦達爾和她的同事們想要找出洞穴魚是否可以隨著時間的推移進行周期性調節(jié)，即是否有晝夜節(jié)律。故選A項?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第二段中“TheMexicanblindcavefishliveinaplexofover30isolatedcaves,withinwhichtheyhaveeachindependentlyadjustedtothedark.

Theirbodiesareextrasensitivetovibrations(震動),allowingthemtosensechangesinwatercurrentsfornavigation(導航)inpensationfortheirlimitedorpletelackofsight.Thisadaptationoccurreddespitethefishfromeachcaveevolvingfromthesamespecieswithfullyfunctioningeyes.(墨西哥盲洞魚生活在一個由30多個孤立的洞穴組成的復雜環(huán)境中，每個洞穴都能獨立地適應黑暗。它們的身體對振動特別敏感，這使它們能夠感知水流的變化，以便導航，以補償它們有限或完全失明的視力。盡管來自每個洞穴的魚都是從具有完全功能的眼睛的同一物種進化而來的，但這種適應還是發(fā)生了)”可知，第二段主要介紹了墨西哥盲洞魚身體對振動特別敏感，以補償它們有限或完全失明的視力，主要說明了它們已經適應了黑暗。故選C項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中““Wehaveprovidedproofthatdespitebeingblind,cellsfromtheMexicanblindcavefishcandetectlightandmaketheirclocksfitinwithalight/darkcycle,”Steindalandhercolleaguesconclude.(斯坦達爾和她的同事總結道：“我們已經提供了證據，證明盡管失明，但墨西哥盲洞魚的細胞可以探測到光，并使它們的生物鐘適應光/暗周期?！?可知，研究的結論是墨西哥盲洞魚的細胞可以探測到光。根據倒數第二段中“Theydetectedtheactivationofseveralmolecular(分子的)clockmechanismswhenthecellswereexposedtolight,eveninthecavefishcells.“Nonvisuallightdetectionismaintainedatafundamentalcellbasedlevel,”theresearchersexplain,althoughthecavefishcellsdidnotrespondasstronglyasthosecellsfromsurfacefish.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，當細胞暴露在光線下時，幾個分子時鐘機制被激活，即使在盲洞魚細胞中也是如此。研究人員解釋說，盡管盲洞魚的細胞不像水面魚的細胞那樣強烈，“非視覺光檢測維持在基本的細胞水平上，”)”可知，盲洞魚細胞的非視覺光探測維持在基本的細胞水平上，說明它的時鐘機制會被激活，證明盲洞魚也可以探測到光。所以，盲洞魚細胞的非視覺光探測能支持該研究的結論。故選B項?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結合第一段中““Wehaveprovidedproofthatdespitebeingblind,cellsfromtheMexicanblindcavefishcandetectlightandmaketheirclocksfitinwithalight/darkcycle,”Steindalandhercolleaguesconclude.(一條生活在墨西哥洞穴系統(tǒng)的深處、持久的黑暗中的盲洞魚仍然保持著一些感知光線的能力)”和最后一段中“Wehaveprovidedproofthatdespitebeingblind,cellsfromtheMexicanblindcavefishcandetectlightandmaketheirclocksfitinwithalight/darkcycle(我們已經提供了證據，證明盡管失明，但墨西哥盲洞魚的細胞可以探測到光，并使它們的生物鐘適應光/暗周期)”可知，本文介紹了研究人員通過實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管盲洞魚無法看見，但它們的細胞仍然可以感知光線，所以“ABlindCavefishCanStillPerceiveLight.(盲洞魚仍能感知光)”是研究的結論，也是文章最佳標題。故選B項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下而短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項，Doyouknowanyonewhohasgonebackpacking?It’satypeoftravelthatislowcostandindependent,oftenmeaningnofixedplansregardingacmodationordestination.___16___Travellertypicallyfillabackpackwithlifeessentials,likeclothing,plusanythingextraneededforadventure.Thestereotypical(刻板印象的)viewofabackpackerissomeoneintheir20s,keentotickoffitemsontheirbucketlist.____17____You’reabouttofindoutthatanyonecanbackpack,Lastyear,mybestfriend’sparentsretiredatage65andsetoffona630miletrailalongthesouthwestcoastofEngland.Eachcarryinga15kgbackpack,MikeandLorrainehikedalongcliffs,exploredgoldensandybeachesandevencycled.Foracmodation,theydidn’tprebookbutstayedinwhatevertheycouldfindontheday,whichvariedfromBed&Breakfasttocampinginfieldsfullofsheep.____18____Backpackersarealsoknownfortravellingwithlittlemoney,butfewbeginwithaslittleasOthmaneZolatifromMorocco.In2015,heembarkedon(開始)analmostfouryearjourney,buthestartedoutwithjust$80.Hezigzagged(曲折前進)across24countriesontheAfricancontinentandfilmedhisexperience,aimingtoshowtheworldthediversityandbeautyofAfrica,allonashoestringbudget.Hesaidthatheoftenhadtodooddjobsandrelyonthekindnessofstrangerstobeabletoaffordtokeeptravelling.____19____SouthAfricawasOthmane’sfinaldestinationand,onreachingit,hesaid,“Itwasoneofthebestmomentsinmylife.Itmademeknowthatifyoufightforsomething,youreallysticktothatgoal...thenyouwillreachit.”____20____Ifyouwanttotravel,youcan,nomatteryourageorbudget!A.So,don’tgiveup.B.But,forgetthis.CButitwasworthit.D.Somepeoplecanspendyearsbackpackingaroundtheworld.E.Hikingisoneofthemostimportantpartsofbackpacking,whichisverypopular.F.Theydidstopfortheoccasionalwelldeservedcupoftea—theywereinEnglandafterall.G.Theword“backpacking”esfrom“backpack”,atypeofbagyoucarryonyourback.【答案】16.G17.B18.F19.C20.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了背包客的相關情況并且鼓勵人們背包旅行?！?6題詳解】上文“Doyouknowanyonewhohasgonebackpacking?It’satypeoftravelthatislowcostandindependent,oftenmeaningnofixedplansregardingacmodationordestination.(你認識背包客嗎？這是一種低成本、獨立的旅行方式，通常意味著沒有固定的住宿或目的地的計劃)”引出背包旅行的概念，空處承接上文，下文“Travellertypicallyfillabackpackwithlifeessentials,likeclothing.plusanythingextraneededforadventure.(旅行者通常會在背包里裝滿生活必需品，比如衣服，再加上探險所需的額外東西)”說明背包的用途，G項“‘背包旅行’一詞來源于‘背包’，一種你背在背上的包”與上下文聯(lián)系緊密，符合語境。故選G項?！?7題詳解】上文“Thestereotypicalviewofabackpackerissomeoneintheir20s,keentotickoffitemsontheirbucketlist.(對背包客的刻板印象是20多歲的人，他們熱衷于在人生目標清單上勾選項目)”說明人們對背包旅行存在誤解，認為背包旅行的人多是20多歲的年輕人，空處承上啟下，下文“You’reabouttofindoutthatanyonecanbackpack.(你會發(fā)現(xiàn)任何人都可以背包)”，B項“But,forgetthis.(但是，忘了這個吧)”消除上文對背包旅行的誤解，引出下文正確的觀點，符合語境。故選B項?！?8題詳解】上文“Foracmodation,theydidn’tprebookbutstayedinwhatevertheycouldfindontheday,whichvariedfrom

Bed&Breakfast

tocampinginfieldsfullofsheep.(對于住宿，他們沒有預先預訂，而是住在當天能找到的任何地方，從提供住宿加早餐的賓館到在滿是羊群的田野里露營)”描述作者最好朋友的父母他們的背包旅行情況，F(xiàn)項“他們確實偶爾停下來喝一杯當之無愧的茶——畢竟他們在英國”與上文話題一致，承接上文，符合語境。故選F項?！?9題詳解】上文“Hesaidthatheoftenhadtodooddjobsandrelyonthekindnessofstrangerstobeabletoaffordtokeeptravelling.(他說，他經常不得不打零工，依靠陌生人的善意才能負擔得起繼續(xù)旅行的費用)”說明他在旅行中歷盡艱辛，空處承上啟下，下文“SouthAfricawasOthmane’sfinaldestinationand,onreachingit,hesaid,“Itwasoneofthebestmomentsinmylife.Itmademeknowthatifyoufightforsomething,youreallysticktothatgoal...thenyouwillreachit.”(南非是Othmane的最終目的地，當他到達南非時，他說：“這是我一生中最美好的時刻之一。它讓我知道，如果你為某事而戰(zhàn)，你真的會堅持這個目標……那么你就會到達”)”表明了旅行的美好，C項“但這是值得的”與上文轉折，引起下文，符合語境。故選C項?！?0題詳解】下文“Ifyouwanttotravel,youcan,nomatteryourageorbudget!(如果你想旅行，你就可以，無論你的年齡或預算！)”表明任何人都可以去旅行，A項“所以，不要放棄”鼓勵人們不要放棄，引出下文，符合語境。故選A項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。It’snoteverydaythatyoulosesomethingunimportantandgainsomethingamazing!WhenKasonJohnsonturned8yearsold,abigbunchofheliumballoons(氨氣球)was___21___tohissecondgradeclassroomatMountainGroveElementaryinMissouri.Itwasa(n)___22___day,butonthewayouttohismum’scar,tragedy(悲劇)struck.Kasonlost___23___oftheballoons,andthey___24___Fivehundredmilesaway,ToddHurleywasmowing(割草)hislawninCleveland,Tennesseewhenhe___25___Kason’sballoonscaughtonhisfence.Heopenedthe___26___attachedtothestringsandsawthattheballoonshadbeensenttoKason’smiddleschool.Mostpeoplewouldhavethrowntheballoonsintothegarbage,butnotTodd!___27___,thewoodworkerstartedgatheringafewgiftstosendtothe___28___boy.HewroteKason’sparentsaletterandincludedaphotoofhimselfandhisdog,Henry,Toddalso___29___handmadewoodenbaseballbat,agiftforKason’steacher,and$100incashforthechild!Todd___30___offhiscarepackagetothemiddleschool,wherethe___31___passedittoKasonandhisfamily.Inhisletter.ToddtoldKasonandhisparentstheballoonswere“trulya(n)___32___inabottle.”“Thesimplegestureofafamilyshowing___33___andappreciationtotheir2ndgraderwithagiftofsurpriseimpactedmebeyondbelief,”hecontinued.“Howamazingly___34___Kasonistohaveafamilythatwillmaketheefforttoshowunselfishlove.”Canyoubelievehow___35___thisstrangerwas?Whatathoughtfulandkindthingtodoforalittleboywholosthisbirthdayballoons.WearesureKasonwillalwaysrememberthisbirthday!21.A.donated B.delivered C.introduced D.exposed22.A.exciting B.annoying C.disappointing D.challenging23.A.track B.touch C.control D.sight24.A.blewup B.flewaway C.ranout D.fadedaway25.A.prevented B.doubted C.spotted D.ignored26.A.balloon B.package C.box D.envelope27.A.Besides B.Therefore C.Instead D.Otherwise28.A.birthday B.country C.smile D.city29.A.expected B.included C.filled D.stole30.A.packed B.sewed C.mailed D.unfolded31.A.staff B.detective C.waiter D.cashier32.A.insect B.bomb C.pill D.message33.A.love B.disbelief C.beauty D.confidence34.A.grateful B.fortunate C.wise D.powerful35.A.foolish B.adventurous C.dangerous D.generous【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.B25.C26.D27.C28.A29.B30.C31.A32.D33.A34.B35.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了木工托德·赫爾利無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)了卡森·約翰遜飛走的生日氣球，于是托德給卡森準備了一份生日禮物郵寄給托德。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當卡森·約翰遜8歲的時候，一大堆氦氣球被送到了他在密蘇里州山格羅夫小學二年級的教室里。A.donated捐贈；B.delivered遞送；C.introduced介紹；D.exposed接觸。根據主語“abigbunchofheliumballoons”可知，此處指氣球被送到教室。故選B。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一個令人興奮的一天，但在他去媽媽的車的路上，悲劇發(fā)生了。A.exciting令人興奮的；B.annoying令人生氣的；C.disappointing令人失望的；D.challenging挑戰(zhàn)性的。根據上文可知，約翰遜八歲的時候收到了一大堆氣球，所以是令人興奮的一天。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：卡森失去了對氣球的控制，氣球飛走了。A.track小道；B.touch觸碰；C.control控制；D.sight看見。上文提到悲劇發(fā)生了，根據后文“Fivehundredmilesaway”氣球飛到了500英里外，可知是失去了對氣球的控制，氣球飛走了。故選C。【24題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：卡森失去了對氣球的控制，氣球飛走了。A.blewup爆炸；B.flewaway飛走；C.ranout用完；D.fadedaway褪色。根據后文“Kason’sballoonscaughtonhisfence.”可知，卡森失去了對氣球的控制，氣球飛走了。故選B。【25題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：500英里外的田納西州克利夫蘭，托德·赫爾利正在修剪草坪，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)卡森的氣球被他的籬笆纏住了。A.prevented阻止；B.doubted懷疑；C.spotted發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.ignored忽視。根據后文“Kason’sballoonscaughtonhisfence”可知，托德突然發(fā)現(xiàn)卡森的氣球被他的籬笆纏住了。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他打開系著繩子的信封，看到氣球被送到了卡森的中學。A.balloon氣球；B.package包裹；C.box盒子；D.envelope信封。根據后文“attachedtothestringsandsawthatthebal