2024年高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料：閱讀理解之詞義猜測(cè)題

專題21閱讀理解之詞義猜測(cè)

《考點(diǎn)?題型?技巧》

簪考向分析

1、要求根據(jù)閱讀材料所提供的信息，結(jié)合中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，正確判斷生詞詞

組的含義或成熟詞在特定語(yǔ)境中表達(dá)的具體含義以及一些句子的意思.

2、要求猜測(cè)詞義的詞一般為實(shí)詞及其詞組，通過構(gòu)詞、定義、對(duì)比、因果、聯(lián)想、上

下文等線索確定詞義的具體內(nèi)容。

3、代詞復(fù)指理解題也是猜測(cè)詞義的常考類型。用“邏輯關(guān)系梳理法”、“遞向?qū)ほ櫡ā崩?/p>

清人物及事物之間的邏輯關(guān)系是關(guān)鍵所在。

酉%'考點(diǎn)導(dǎo)航

考點(diǎn)01構(gòu)詞法猜詞

閱讀中常常會(huì)遇到一些由熟悉的單詞派生或合成的新詞。掌握構(gòu)詞法對(duì)猜測(cè)詞義很有幫

助。如：unforeseeable.這個(gè)詞，可以根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法把它拆成un,fore,see,able；其中see是詞

根，fore是“先，前，預(yù)''的含義，un是否定，able是“能的，可的”，因止匕unforeseeable

是“未能預(yù)見到的”意思。

考點(diǎn)02利用同義近義詞猜詞

在生詞所出現(xiàn)的上下文中，有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞語(yǔ)或結(jié)構(gòu)，這時(shí)可從熟悉的

詞語(yǔ)中推知生詞的含義.統(tǒng)稱在詞或短語(yǔ)之間有并列連詞and或or,這些詞語(yǔ)或短語(yǔ)在句中

作相同的成分，并且and或or連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此確定同等

關(guān)系中的某個(gè)生詞所屬的義域，甚至推出它的大致詞義。

考點(diǎn)03利用反義詞猜詞

對(duì)比是描述，說明事物的常用方式。在對(duì)比中，對(duì)比的事物是互為相反的，因此根據(jù)反

義或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系可從已知推出未知。利用反義詞來說明生詞的意義，如反義詞hotandcold,

perfectandimperfect,甚至前、后句為肯定與否定或是與不是等，在句內(nèi)詞與詞之間，在段

內(nèi)句與句之間的關(guān)系上起著互為線索的作用。

考點(diǎn)04利用上下文語(yǔ)境猜詞

任何一篇文章中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對(duì)孤立的,都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章

有關(guān)。利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進(jìn)而推測(cè)詞義，是閱讀過程

中的一大關(guān)鍵，這也是近年來高考考查的熱點(diǎn)。

考點(diǎn)05利用定義和解釋猜詞

有些文章，特別是科技文章，通常會(huì)對(duì)一些關(guān)鍵詞給予定義，我們可以利用定義來猜測(cè)

這些詞的意思.釋義法就是根據(jù)文章中的字里行間，對(duì)生詞以定語(yǔ)（從句）、表語(yǔ)甚至用逗

號(hào)、破折號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以解釋說明的方式.

考點(diǎn)06根據(jù)語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)折猜詞

有時(shí)文章的作者為了增強(qiáng)表達(dá)效果，會(huì)用一些含有表示意思轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞，副詞或短語(yǔ)。

如：though,although,still,but,yet,instead,insteadof,however,while,onthecontrary,onthe

otherhand,unlike,ratherthan,foronething,foranother等，我們可以根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折意思猜測(cè)詞義。

考點(diǎn)07利用經(jīng)驗(yàn)和常識(shí)猜詞

【答題技巧】

詞義猜測(cè)題的解答需要考生根據(jù)詞、詞組、句子所在的語(yǔ)境上下文來判斷其意義。因此熟

練掌握一些猜詞技巧是做好這類題的關(guān)鍵。命題者在出這類題時(shí)慣用常規(guī)詞義來麻痹考生，

我們要特別注意熟詞生義，切不可脫離語(yǔ)境主觀臆斷。

【題型分析】

【題型一構(gòu)詞猜測(cè)】

...Bakerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey'rebeingstaredat.

Ifpeopledoubttheoutcomeofhistwoexperiments,saidBaker,"Isuggesttheyrepeatthe

experimentsandseeforthemselves.^^...

70.Theunderlinedword“outcome“inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.

A.valueB.result

C.performanceD.connection

【答案】B

【解析】運(yùn)用“構(gòu)詞法”進(jìn)行猜測(cè).動(dòng)詞詞組comeout的意義為“露出、出現(xiàn)、顯露出“。再

根據(jù)句子的語(yǔ)境，可猜測(cè)出其意義是：（實(shí)驗(yàn)的）結(jié)果。

【題型二同意近義詞】

...Fermat'sLastTheorem（定理）,firstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierrede

Fermatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematical

minds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistswhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingoutthe

problem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcole

Polytechnique....

65.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthemeaningoftheword"baffle“asitisusedinthetext?

A.Toencouragepeopletoraisequestions.

B.Tocausedifficultyinunderstanding.

C.Toprovideapersonwithanexplanation.

D.Tolimitpeople'simagination.

【答案】B

【解析】由句中不難看出Fermat的定理使得最具有數(shù)學(xué)頭腦的科學(xué)家絞盡腦汁（beat）,

并且在句中beaten和baffled處于同等的并列關(guān)系，根據(jù)這一信息可以推出baffle表示“使困

惑、難倒、難以理解”的意思。

【題型三反義詞猜測(cè)】

...Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingto

BethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months....

74.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle“probablymean?

A.Apartydesignedbyspecialists.

B.Aplanrequiringcarefulthought.

C.Asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble.

D.Ademandmadebyguests.

【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)前句的否定doesn't與后句的肯定canbe這一對(duì)比關(guān)系，可以判斷出，為了慶

祝孩子的生日，又不至于麻煩，可以買一個(gè)生日開心包。Hassle的意思應(yīng)該與fim相反，而

與difficulty,trouble相近。答案為C.

【題型四結(jié)合上下文】

WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman?Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeen

alosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstop

functioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,he

determinestowriteabook.

Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.That

formerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉訶德》）.Andthestory

posesaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheend

oftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?

We'veallknownpeoplewhorimoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.Fmnot

talkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'Iallgetthere.Fmtalkingaboutpeoplewho

havestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthat

alltoooftencomewithpassingyears.

52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?

A.Endone'sstruggleforliberty.

B.Wasteone'senergytakingrisks.

C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.

D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文屬于議論文，講述要成功，就需要不斷的學(xué)習(xí)，這樣的生活才會(huì)有意義。

52.D

【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningon

growingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewith

passingyears.故可知，作者談?wù)摰牟皇悄切]有到達(dá)巔峰的人，而是談?wù)撃切┎辉賹W(xué)習(xí)成長(zhǎng)

的人，故可知runoutofsteam可知，停止學(xué)習(xí)，故選D。

a麗湎

1、

Asaclassiclovemovieofthetwentiethcentury,Titanicmakesonescenealong-lasting

cinematicshot:Jackletgoofhishandandsankintheicyseawater,leavingthechanceoflivingto

hisloverRose,whofinallysurvivedonawoodendoordebris（殘骸）.

Morethan100yearssincethedisastrouseventandmorethantwodecadesaftertheearliest

releaseofthemovieTitanic,therehavebeenmany"doortheories”.Audiencesdebateheatedly

overwhetherornotJackandRosecouldhavebothfitontothewoodendebrisandsurvived.So,

wasthereroomforJack?

InaTVprogram,hostsJamieandAdamevendidanexperimentusinganexactreplica

（復(fù)制品）ofthewoodenpiecefromthemovie,andthetwoprovedthatiftheyhadtiedRose'slife

jackettothebottomofthedoortostrengthenitsbuoyancy（浮力），theywouldhavemanaged

tostayafloat.

However,theirconclusionwasdebunkedwhendirectorCameronsaidthatthefreezingwater

andJack'shightemperaturewouldhavemadethelifejacketsolutionimpossible.Healsosaidthat

thedebateisbeyondthepointthemoviewastryingtomake,whichisfocusedonthetragiclove

storyofJackandRose,notphysics.

ThelargestdebrisrecoveredfromtherealTitanicisnowdisplayedintheMaritimeMuseum.

Themuseum'swebsitestatesthatareplicawasoncebuiltforthemoviebasedonthemuseum's

Titaniccollectionwhichwasknownasthe"door"usedinthedeathscene.Unfortunately,thesize

ofthedebriscoupledwiththeweightofRoseontopcouldwork,butnotifJack'sadditional

weightwasaddedtoit.

Inaword,sciencehasproventhatJackdidn'tdiefornothinganddidindeedsacrificehimself

tosavetheloveofhislife.

1.What'sthepurposeofparagraph1?

A.Toleadintothetopic.

B.Tointroduceamovie.

C.Toraiseaquestion.

D.Tohighlightcharacters.

2.WhatistheconclusionofJamieandAdambasedon?

A.Thedevelopmentoftheplot.B.Aphysicsexperiment.C.Thethemeofthe

movie.D.Aheateddebate.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“debunked“inparagraph4mean?

A.Confirmed.B.Opposed.C.Approved.D.Concerned.

4.Wecaninferthatthemovie'sendingis.

A.unrealisticB.confusingC.reasonableD.surprising

【答案】1.A2,B3.B4,C

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了電影《泰坦尼克號(hào)》最早上映20多年后，出現(xiàn)了

許多“門理論”，認(rèn)為杰克可以活下來，而科學(xué)已經(jīng)證明電影的結(jié)局是合理的。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一■段“Asaclassiclovemovieofthetwentiethcentury,Titanicmakes

onescenealong-lastingcinematicshot:Jackletgoofhishandandsankintheicyseawater,

leavingthechanceoflivingtohisloverRose,whofinallysurvivedonawoodendoordebris（殘

骸）.（《泰坦尼克號(hào)》是一部20世紀(jì)的經(jīng)典愛情電影，其中的一個(gè)場(chǎng)景是一個(gè)持久的電影鏡

頭：杰克松開手，沉入冰冷的海水中，給他的愛人羅斯留下了生存的機(jī)會(huì)，羅斯最終在木門

殘骸上幸存下來。廣及下文對(duì)此場(chǎng)景的討論可推斷，本段的目的是引出話題。故選A。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“InaTVprogram,hostsJamieandAdamevendidan

experimentusinganexactreplica（復(fù)制品）ofthewoodenpiecefromthemovie,andthetwo

provedthatiftheyhadtiedRose9slifejackettothebottomofthedoortostrengthenitsbuoyancy

（浮力）,theywouldhavemanagedtostayafloat.（在一個(gè)電視節(jié)目，主持人杰米和亞當(dāng)甚至

做了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)用的一個(gè)木制的復(fù)制品的電影，和兩個(gè)證明，如果他們把羅斯的救生衣綁在門

的底部以加強(qiáng)它的浮力，他們會(huì)設(shè)法保持漂浮。戶可知，杰米和亞當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)論是基于他們所做

的物理實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選B。

3.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后半句"whendirectorCameronsaidthatthefreezingwaterand

Jack'shightemperaturewouldhavemadethelifejacketsolutionimpossible.（因?yàn)榭仿?dǎo)演說

冰凍的水和杰克的高溫不可能讓救生衣解決問題。廠可知，杰米和亞當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)論被推翻了。所

以debunked為“揭穿真相，暴露，推翻”之意。oppose“反對(duì)”是近義詞，故選B。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Unfortunately,thesizeofthedebriscoupledwiththe

weightofRoseontopcouldwork,butnotifJack飛additionalweightwasaddedtoit（不幸的是,

碎片的大小加上羅斯在上面的重量可能會(huì)起作用，但如果加上杰克的額外重量就不行了。y

可推斷，這部電影的結(jié)局合理的。故選c。

2、

Lastyear,Iwentthrougheveryhighschoolsenior'snightmare:Iwasrefusedfromallthe

collegesIappliedto.IfsnotthatIwasabadstudent.Ihadanarrowvision,applyingonlytosome

keyschools.SowhenIgotrefused,Igotintoapanic.Ithoughttherewasonlyonepathtosuccess,

andIwasn'tonit.WhileallmyfHendswerepickingouttwinextra?longsheets,Iwasleft

wonderingwhatkindoffutureIcouldhave.

Whenmypanicfaded,Isignedinthecommunitycollege.Iwasn'texcited.Iimagined

communitycollegeclassroomswithincompetentteachersthattaughttheirstudentstosleep.Iwas

sowrong.Myarthistoryprofessorwassopoetic,andherlecturesfeltspokenword.My

classmateswereintelligentandcamefromallwalksoflife-stillfiguringthingsoutlikeme.

Idecidedtogivemyselfayearofexperiment.Asidefromgeneraleducation,Itookarange

ofclasses.Iknowitseemslikearandomkindofclasses,butitallowedmetoknowwhatIlike

anddon'tlike.IusedtohavethisideathatIhadtorushinordertoachieveacertainlevelof

successbyacertainage,butayearofcommunitycollegehastaughtmetoslowdown,andto

recognizethatthingstaketimetoadjust.Istillhopetotransfertoafour-yearuniversitynextyear,

butrilbegoingaboutitasamorematureperson.

BeingaroundstudentsfromallwalksoflifehasmademerealizethatI'mnotlateinthe

gameatall.There?smorethanonewaytogetwhereyouwanttobe.

9.Whatcausedtheauthor9s“highschoolsenior'snightmare”?

A.Hewasrejectedbythecollegesheappliedto.

B.Hedidn'tdowellinsomesubjectsatschool.

C.Heonlytooksomekeyschoolsintoconsideration.

D.Hegotconfusedaboutwhichschooltoapplyto.

10.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartmeaninParagraph1?

A.Theauthor'sfriendshaveextrasheets.

B.Thefuturefortheauthor'sfriendsisclear.

C.Thewaytosuccessislongfortheauthor'sfriends.

D.Theauthor'sfriendshavemanychoices.

11.Whywastheauthorunhappyinthecommunitycollegeatfirst?

A.Hisarthistoryprofessorwasextremelyexpressive.

B.Hedidn'tlikestudyingwithstudentsfromallwalksoflife.

C.Hethoughttheteachersinthecommunitycollegehadpoorability.

D.Helearnedstudentsinthecommunitycollegealwayssleptinclass.

12.Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromhisexperienceinthecommunitycollege?

A.There'snoneedtohurrytoachievecertainsuccess.

B.Ayearofexperimentisnotworthwhileforhimatall.

C.Thewaytosuccessistotransfertoafour-yearuniversity.

D.Ifsawasteoftimebeingaroundstudentsfromallwalksoflife.

【答案】9.C10.D11.C12.A

【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在被申請(qǐng)的所有大學(xué)拒絕后，選擇就讀社區(qū)大

學(xué)。在那兒作者接觸到來自各行各業(yè)的人及老師后，改變了他之前的想法，從而深刻的體會(huì)

到：一個(gè)人若想實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想，其實(shí)不只有一種方法。

9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一■段中的"Ihadanarrowvision,applyingonlytosomekeyschools.So

whenIgotrefused,Igotintoapanic.Ithoughttherewasonlyonepathtosuccess,andIwasn't

onit.（我的眼光很狹隘，只申請(qǐng)了一些重點(diǎn)學(xué)校。所以當(dāng)我被拒絕時(shí)，我陷入了恐慌。我以

為成功只有一條路，但我沒有走）”可知，他只考慮了一些重點(diǎn)學(xué)校，就造成了作者的“高中

生噩夢(mèng)”。故選C。

10.詞句猜猜題。根據(jù)劃線部分所在句"WhileallmyfHendswerepickingouttwinextra-long

sheets,IwasleftwonderingwhatkindoffutureIcouldhave.（當(dāng)我所有的朋友都在挑選超長(zhǎng)的

紙張（錄取通知）的時(shí)候，我卻在想我的未來會(huì)是怎樣的）”可知，劃線部分意為作者的朋友

有很多其他的選擇。故選D。

11.推理判斷題o根據(jù)第二段中的"Ithoughtcommunitycollegeclassroomswithincompetent

teachersthattaughttheirstudentstosleep.（我以為社區(qū)大學(xué)的教室里有不稱職的老師教他們的

學(xué)生睡覺）”可知，作者起初對(duì)社區(qū)大學(xué)很不滿意，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為社區(qū)大學(xué)的教師能力很差。故

選C。

12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“IusedtohavethisideathatIhadtorushinorderto

achieveacertainlevelofsuccessbyacertainage,butayearofcommunitycollegehastaughtme

toslowdown,andtorecognizethatthingstaketimetoadjust.Istillhopetotransfertoafour-year

universitynextyear,butI'llbegoingaboutitasamorematureperson.（我曾經(jīng)有這樣的想法，為

了在某個(gè)年齡達(dá)到一定的成功水平，我必須匆忙，但一年的社區(qū)大學(xué)教會(huì)我放慢腳步，認(rèn)識(shí)

到事情需要時(shí)間來調(diào)整。我仍然希望明年能轉(zhuǎn)到四年制大學(xué)，但我會(huì)以一個(gè)更成熟的人的身

份去做）”可知，作者從他在社區(qū)大學(xué)的經(jīng)歷中了解到?jīng)]有必要急于取得一定的成功。故選A。

3、

WhenBritishmusicianPaulBartonperformsincentralThailandlately,thelistenersreact

wildly.Somepullhishairorjumponhispiano.Othersstealhismusic.Thebehaviorisnormal,

however,becausethesecrowdsaretrulywild-wildmonkeystobeexact.

BartonplaysoftentotheanimalsinLopburi,anareaknownforitspopulationsofwild

monkeys.Thepianisthopesthemusicshowsbringcalmtotheanimalsduringthecorona

virus(COVID-19)crisis.

Thediseasehascausedproblemsforthemonkeys,too.Theyarehungry.Therestrictionson

tourismmeanfewerpeoplecometoseethemonkeysandfeedthem.

ThemonkeysquicklysurroundBartonwhenheplaysGreensleeves,Beethoven*sFurElise

andMichaelNyman'sDiaryofLove.Someofthecreaturessitonhischair,whileothersclimbup

hisbodyandtouchhishead.But,Bartonkeepshisattentiononhisperformance,evenasasmall

monkeyrunsoverhishandsontheinstrument.Othermonkeystakecontrolofhismusicpapers."I

wasgladandsurprisedtofindthattheywereactuallyeatingthemusicasIwasplayingit.”

ThemonkeysareBarton*slatestanimalfans.Pastwildlifeaudienceincludedelephantsliving

inspecialprotectedareas.Bartonhopestoraisepeople'sawarenessofthemonkeys*hunger.Atthe

sametime,hehopestostudytheirbehaviorastheyreacttoclassicalmusic.

“Cometogetheranddon*tletthepandemicstopthewildmonkeysgettinggoodnutritious

food.Weneedtomakeanefforttomakesurethattheyeatproperly.Andwhentheyeatproperly

theywillbecalmer,said59-year-oldBarton.

17.Whydoesthemusicianplaytothewildmonkeys?

A.Toseethewildanimalsjustbeingthemselves.

B.Tostudytheirbehaviorastheyreacttopopmusic.

C.Toraisemoneyforthewildmonkeys*hunger.

D.TohelpcalmthemduringCOVID-19crisis.

18.Whatkindofmusicdocsthemusicianplay?

A.Contemporarymusic.B.Classicalmusic.

C.Countrymusic.D.Popularmusic.

19.Whatdocstheunderlinedphrase“eatingthemusic"inParagraph4referto?

A.Stealinghismusicpapers.B.Eatinghismusicpapers.

C.Disturbinghisperformance.D.Enjoyinghisplaying

20.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A.Wildmonkeysliketoplaywiththemusician.

B.Peoplewillstarttoprotectthewildmonkeys.

C.TheCOVID-19hasdamagedmuchtotheworld.

D.Musiccanmakethewildanimalsmoreactive.

【答案】17.D18.B19.D20.C

【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。英國(guó)音樂家PaulBarton最近在泰國(guó)中部演出，希望能緩解新

冠病毒危機(jī)帶給動(dòng)物的壓力，帶來了很好的反響。

17.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“BartonplaysoftentotheanimalsinLopburi,anareaknownforits

populationsofwildmonkeys.Thepianisthopesthemusicshowsbringcalmtotheanimalsduring

thecoronavirus（COVID-19）crisis.）（Barton經(jīng)常和Lopburi的動(dòng)物們玩耍，Lopburi是一個(gè)以

野生猴子群而聞名的地區(qū)。這位鋼琴家希望音樂表演能在冠狀病毒疫情期間給動(dòng)物帶來平

靜戶可知，音樂家對(duì)著野生猴子演奏是為了幫助他們?cè)谛鹿诜窝滓咔槠陂g保持鎮(zhèn)靜。故選D。

18.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“ThemonkeysquicklysurroundBartonwhenheplays

Greensleeves,Beethoven,sFurEliseandMichaelNyman'sDiaryofLove.（當(dāng)Barton演奏《綠袖》、

貝多芬的《致愛麗絲》和MichaelNyman的《愛的日記》時(shí)，猴子們很快就把他包圍了）”可

知，音樂家演奏的是古典音樂。故選B。

19.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中“ThemonkeysquicklysurroundBartonwhenheplays

Greensleeves,Beethoven'sFurEliseandMichaelNyman*sDiaryofLove.（當(dāng)Barton演奏《綠袖》、

貝多芬的《致愛麗絲》和MichaelNyman的《愛的日記》時(shí)，猴子們很快就把他包圍了）”以

及畫線詞上文“Iwasgladandsurprisedtofindthattheywereactually”以及后文"asIwas

playingit”可知，讓Barton高興和驚訝的是，在他演奏音樂的時(shí)候，猴子真地在欣賞他的演

奏。畫線詞指的是“欣賞他的演奏:故選D。

20.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"BartonplaysoftentotheanimalsinLopburi,anareaknownforits

populationsofwildmonkeys.Thepianisthopesthemusicshowsbringcalmtotheanimalsduring

thecoronavirus（COVID-19）crisis.（Barton經(jīng)常和Lopburi的動(dòng)物們玩耍,Lopburi是一個(gè)以野

生猴子群而聞名的地區(qū)。這位鋼琴家希望音樂表演能在冠狀病毒疫情期間給動(dòng)物帶來平靜）”

以及第三段“Thediseasehascausedproblemsforthemonkeys,too.Theyarehungry.The

restrictionsontourismmeanfewerpeoplecometoseethemonkeysandfeedthem.（這種疾病也

給猴子帶來了問題。他們挨餓。對(duì)旅游業(yè)的限制意味著更少的人來看猴子和喂它們）”可推知,

新冠肺炎疫情給世界造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p害。故選C。

4、

Weallneedwalertosurvive,butthegeneralrecommendationhasbeentodrinkmoreand

more,withmanyguidelinesnowadvisingaminimumofeightglassesaday.Isthereanyevidence

showingthatthismakessense?Theshortanswerisno.Studieslookingatwaterintakesover10

yearsintheelderlyfailtoshowanybenefitsofextrawateronkidneyfunctionorlifespan.

Clevermarketingfrombottledwatercompanieshasnotonlyconvincedusthatweneedto

drinkmorewater,butalsothatexpensivebottledmineralwaterissomehowbetterforus.Wenow

drinkmorebottledwaterthaneverbefore,withtheglobalindustrygrowingrapidlyat10percenta

year.By2025,theglobalmarketisestimatedtobeworth$215billion.Butresearchshowsthat

tapwaternowadaysisperfectlysafe,andwithaddedfluoride（氨化物）,itisalsogoodforour

teeth.Therehavebeenstudiesshowingthattapwatercontainstracesofcommonpharmaceutical

（帶！I藥的）drugs,buttheyhavealsofoundthesamelevelswhentestingbottledwater.Although

waterinmanyareascontainschemicals,thelevelsaretoosmalltomakeanoticeabledifference

toourhealth.

Bottledwaterhasdevastatingenvironmentalcosts,whichisself-evidentasthereare

alreadyabundantreportsonpollutioncausedbyplasticbottles,andnoprovenhealthbenefits.

And,doesittastebetter?Probablynot.Onthecontrary,thereareevenblindtastingsshowingthat

tapwaterscoreshigherthanmostmineralwater.

So,stillhesitatewhenpresentedwithbothbottledwaterandtapwater?Probablyyoushould

notnow.Myadviceistostickwithtapwater:youwillbereducingtheglobalenvironmental

costofhalfatrillionplasticbottlespilingupeachyearandtakingastandagainstthepowerof

marketing.

25.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,wecanknow.

A.eightglassesofwateradaydoesharmtotheelderly.

B.eightglassesofwateradayisn*tsoscientificaswethought.

C.waterisessentialforustosurvive.

D.drinkingextrawaterbenefitsourkidney.

26.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingmightbeareasonbehindpeople'schoosing

bottledwaterovertapwater?

A.Tapwatercontainstoomuchcommonpharmaceuticaldrugs.

B.Bottledwaterisrichinvariousminerals.

C.Peopleareinfluencedbybottledwatercompanies*marketingstrategies.

D.Tapwaterisnotsotastyasbottledwater.

27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"devastating"inparagraph3mean?

A.Potential.

B.Beneficial.

C.Challenging.

D.Damaging.

28.Whatmessagedoesthispassageconvey?

A.Themorewaterwedrink,thehealthierwewillbe.

B.Tapwatershouldbecomeourfirstchoiceofdrinking.

C.Bothbottledwaterandtapwatershouldbeourmainchoiceswhenthirsty.

D.Bottledwaterandtapwaterbothhavealotofadvantages.

【答案】25.B26.C27.D28,B

【解析】文章是一篇說明文。文章講述了自來水和瓶裝水到底哪種更適合飲用。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文第一段“Isthereanyevidenceshowingthatthismakessense?The

shortanswerisno."（有證據(jù)表明這是合理的嗎？簡(jiǎn)短的回答是否定的。）可知每天八杯水的

概念并不科學(xué)。選項(xiàng)B.“eightglassesofwateradayisn'tsoscientificaswethought"（每天八

杯水并不像我們想的那么科學(xué)）與文意一致，故選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文第二段“Clevermarketingfrombottledwatercompanieshasnotonly

convincedusthatweneedtodrinkmorewater,butalsothatexpensivebottledmineralwateris

somehowbetterforus.”（瓶裝水公司聰明的市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷不僅讓我們相信我們需要喝更多的水，

而且昂貴的瓶裝礦泉水對(duì)我們更有益。）可知這都是廣告營(yíng)銷的作用。選項(xiàng)C.“Peopleare

influencedbybottledwatercompanies1marketingstrategies.”（人們受至!］瓶裝水公司營(yíng)銷策略的

影響）與文意相符，故選C。

3.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段“Bottledwaterhasdevastatingenvironmentalcosts,which

isself-evidentastherearealreadyabundantreportsonpollutioncausedbyplasticbottles,and

noprovenhealthbenefits.”（瓶裝水的環(huán)境代價(jià)是毀滅性的，這是不言而喻的，因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)有

大量的報(bào)告說塑料瓶造成了污染，而且沒有證實(shí)對(duì)健康有益。）結(jié)合后文可知?jiǎng)澗€處為對(duì)環(huán)

境“不友好的；毀滅的”之意。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。故選D。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文最后一段"So,stillhesitatewhenpresentedwithbothbottledwaterand

tapwater?Probablyyoushouldnotnow.Myadviceistostickwithtapwater：youwillbe

reducingtheglobalenvironmentalcostofhalfatrillionplasticbottlespilingupeachyearand

takingastandagainstthepowerofmarketing."（那么，當(dāng)你面對(duì)瓶裝水和自來水時(shí)，你還在猶

豫嗎？也許你現(xiàn)在不應(yīng)該。我的建議是堅(jiān)持使用自來水：你將會(huì)減少每年堆積的5000億個(gè)

塑料瓶所造成的全球環(huán)境成本，并且表明你反對(duì)市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷的力量。）可知作者認(rèn)為要堅(jiān)持使

用自來水。選項(xiàng)B.64Tapwatershouldbecomeourfirstchoiceofdrinking/5（自來水應(yīng)該成為

我們的第一選擇）與文意相符，故選B。

5、

AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeand

consumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontraryto

existingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlarge

portions（^）,ifsthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.

Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwo

experiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabto

ostensibly（表面上）participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,each

womanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfood

first.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspecially

designedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.

Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipants

followedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantly

morewhentheactorwasthin.

Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.

Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipants

followedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.

Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remaking

decisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe"I'llhavewhatshe's

having^^effect.However,we'lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalarge

portion,FilholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsa

lot,rilfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?

13.Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?

A.Foodsafety.B.Movieviewership.

C.Consumerdemand.D.Eatingbehavior.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"beanpoles“inparagraph1referto?

A.Bigeaters.B.Overweightpersons.

C.Pickyeaters.D.Tallthinpersons.

15.Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?

A.Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.

B.Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.

C.Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.

D.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.

16.0nwhatbasisdowe“adjusttheinfluence^^accordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Howhungryweare.B.Howslimwewanttobe.

C.Howweperceiveothers.D.Howwefeelaboutthefood.

【答案】13.D14.D15.A16.C

【分析】

本文是說明文。最近的研究表明：我們的飲食伙伴的大小和消費(fèi)習(xí)慣都會(huì)影響我們的食

物攝入量。文章詳述了這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程。

13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一?段中的“AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumer

Research,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfood

intake”可知，根據(jù)消費(fèi)者研究雜志最近的一項(xiàng)研究，我們的飲食伙伴的大小和消費(fèi)習(xí)慣都會(huì)

影響我們的食物攝入量。因此這項(xiàng)研究是關(guān)于飲食行為的。故選D。

14.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前半句"Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideating

withheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）”可知，現(xiàn)有的研究認(rèn)為：你應(yīng)該避免和體

重較重、點(diǎn)大份飯菜的人一起吃飯。后半句認(rèn)為，你真正應(yīng)該避免的是thebeanpoleswithbig

appetiteso由contraryto可推斷出，畫線詞和heavierpeople（超重的人）相反，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，

D選項(xiàng)（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavierpeople正好相反。故選Do

15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,the

researchersconductedtwoexperiments”可知，為了測(cè)試社會(huì)影響對(duì)飲食習(xí)慣的影響，研究人

員進(jìn)行了兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，在兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，胖的和瘦的演員都吃了大

量的食物。參與者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。然而，當(dāng)演員是瘦的時(shí)候，參與者們服用

的食物更多。由此推斷，研究人員雇用演員是為了看看她如何影響參與者。故選A。

16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,Filhold

backabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I'llfollow

suit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?”可知，如果一個(gè)超重的人吃很大一份，我

會(huì)忍住一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)槲铱吹搅怂嬍沉?xí)慣的結(jié)果。但如果一個(gè)瘦的人吃很多，我會(huì)跟著做。如

果他吃得多保持苗條，為什么我不能呢？因此推斷我們是根據(jù)我們對(duì)他人的看法（即：如

何看待他人）來調(diào)整影響的。故選C。

6、

Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftafter

sevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothe

country,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.

Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:

LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkentto

Karakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.Itis

thestoryofan