2024年高考第三次模擬考試英語(yǔ)（新高考九省專(zhuān)用）

2024年高考英語(yǔ)第三次模擬考試

高三英語(yǔ)

（考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷滿(mǎn)分：150分）

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫(xiě)在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng),

用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)

效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。

1.Whatadvicedoesthewomangivetheman?

A.Dosomelistening.B.Rememberbasicwords.C.Readalot.

【答案】B

［原文］M:IfailedtheEnglishexam!Jessie,anyadviceforme?

W:Well,Ithinklisteningandreadingalotworksforme.Butyourproblemisthatyoudon'tknowbasic

words.Youshouldbeginwiththat.

2.Whowillbeabsentfromtheparty?

A.Gary.B.Tony.C.Pete.

【答案】C

【原文】W:Tmlookingforwardtotheparty.Willeveryonebethere—Tony,PeteandGary?

M:Peteisonholidayatthemoment,buttheothertwoaregoingtobethere,forsure.

3.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?

A.Tobuyaproduct.

B.Toaskforatelephonenumber.

C.Tohavehisrefrigeratorchecked.

【答案】c

【原文】M:Hello.TherefrigeratorIjustboughtfromyouisn'tworking.Canyousendsomeonetocheck

it?

W:Sure,sir.Couldyouleaveusyournameandtelephonenumber?

4.WhattimedoesthenextplanetoLondonleave?

A.At10:00.B.At11:00.C.At12:00.

【答案】B

【原文】M:Excuseme.WhattimedoesthenextplanetoLondontakeoff?

W:ThenextoneisFlight12ateleven,gate10.

5.Whatistoblameaccordingtotheman?

A.Unfortableseats.B.Thetrafficnoise.C.MissLee'sweakvoice.

【答案】B

【原文】W:MissLee'svoiceissosoftthatIcanhardlyhearclearlywhatsheissaying.

M:Don'tblameher.Ifsthetrafficoutside.Nexttimeifsbettertositatthefront.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中

選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題

將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

【聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。】

6.Whatcausesthepartytobeputoff?

A.Anunexpectedmeeting.B.Theterribleweather.C.Achangedplan.

7.Whenwasthepartysupposedtobeheldatfirst?

A.ThisSaturday.B.ThisSunday.C.Nextweekend.

【答案】6.B7.A

【原文】M:Weneedtoputoffourbeachpartythisweekend.

W:Why?Nothingcanstopusexceptthestorm.

M:Ijustwatchedthenews.Atyphoonisheadingourwayandisgainingstrength.Weatherforecasters

thinkthetyphoonmayleadtoflood.Sowe'dbetterstayathome.

W:Whenwillitland,tomorrow?

M:No.MostlikelyonSaturdaymorning.

W:Thafsthesamedayasourparty.Lefsstartmessagingourfriendsandtellthemweneedtoputoffthe

partyuntilnextweekend.

M:Yes!Lefsgettoit!

【聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題?！?/p>

8.WhydidAmygotothecontest?

A.Tohavesomefun.B.Towinsomemoney.C.Toprovehercookingskills.

9.HowdoesAmymostprobablyfeelnow?

A.Regretful.B.Upset.C.Happy.

【答案】8.B9.C

［原文］M:Amy,Iheardyouwenttoacookingcontestthismorning.Whydidyougotosuchacontest?

Justtohavesomefun?

W:No.Thewinnercouldreceive300dollars.IreallywantedtowinsoIcouldbuyanewcellphone.

M:Sodidyouwin?

W:No.Whattheothersmadedidn'tjustlookgreat;theytastedgreat,too.

M:Youmustbeveryupsetnow.

W:Notreally.Iwenttothecontesttogetherwithmymother.Shemadesomethingveryspecialandallthe

judgeslovedwhatshemade.Shewonandshesaidshe'dbuymeanewphonewiththemoneyshe

receivedtomorrow.

【聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題?！?/p>

10.Whatisthepurposeofthewoman'svisit?

A.Topurchaseelectronicequipment.

B.Tohireanadvertisingagency.

C.Torentarecordingstudio.

11.WhatdoweknowaboutMr.Crank?

A.Hehasbeenrelocatedtoanotherbranch.

B.Hehasstartedanewpany.

C.Hehaschangedprofessions.

12.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomandointheend?

A.Listentosomemusic.

B.TalkwithPenelopeCage.

C.Leavehercontactinformation.

【答案】10.C11.B12.A

【原文】W:Goodmorning.Tminterestedinrentingoneofyourstudiostorecordsomemusicfora

mercialFmmakingnextmonth.ThelasttimeIcamehere,HarveyCrankassistedwiththecontrols.

M:Actually,Mr.Crankleftthepanyandfoundedhisownstudio.However,ournewaudiotechnician,

PenelopeCage,hasyearsofexperienceandcouldassistyou.

W:Well,rdreallyprefertoworkwithMr.Crankagain.Isthereanywaythatyoucouldhelpusgetin

touchwithhim?

M:Ifsagainstourpany'spolicytogiveoutthatkindofinformation.However,youshouldtakeafew

minutestogiveMs.Cage'sworkalisten.Sheproducedthebackgroundmusicforsomeofthecatchiest

mercialsontheairtoday.

【聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。】

13.Whatistheman?

A.Adoctor.B.Ahost.C.Ateacher.

14.Whousedtobeadoctor?

A.Cassie'sfriend.

B.Cassie'smother.

C.Cassie'sfriend^mother.

15.HowlongdidittakeCassietobeeaqualifieddoctor?

A.Oneyear.B.Fouryears.C.Fiveyears.

16.WhatdoesCassiesayaboutherjob?

A.Shegetsboredwithit.

B.Sheenjoysitingeneral.

C.Shealwaysworksovertime.

【答案】13.B14.C15.C16.B

【原文】M:Helloandweletotoday'sCareerTomorrow.Todaywearegoingtolookatanotherkindofjob

——doctors.WehavewithusDr.CassieBrown,whoisadoctorattheRoyalLondonHospital.Hello,

Cassie,howdidyoufirstbeeinterestedinmedicine?

W:Well,Ihadafriendwhosemotherwasadoctor,andIthoughtherjobmightbeinteresting.

M:Sohowdidyoufindoutmoreaboutthejob?

W:Well,Ibecameavolunteerinahospitalandworkedforadoctor.Isoonrealizedthatthiscareerwasthe

rightoneforme.

M:Sowhatdidyouneedtostudyatuniversity?

W:IstudiedHealingScience,andthenIreceivedamaster'sdegree.

M:Howlongdidittakeyoutobeeaqualifieddoctor?

W:OnceIhadfinishedmydegree,IhadtoworkforoneyearbeforeIbecamequalified,soittookmefive

years.

M:Howmanyhoursdoyouworkeveryday?

W:Well,Iworkatnormalhours——ninetofive.

M:Whatdoyoulikemostaboutyourjob?

W:Ifsneverboring.Infact,IfeelsorrywhenIhavetohaveadayoff!

M:Itsoundsliketheperfectjob!Thanksforspeakingwithus,Cassie.

【聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題?！?/p>

17.Whatcanlistenersinthecenterdoafterthespeech?

A.Workasaguide.B.Visitthecenter.C.Choosetheinstructors.

18.Whowillteachjazz?

A.Diana.B.Jim.C.Steve.

19.Whencanstudentshavebaseballclasses?

A.OnFridayafternoons.B.OnSaturdayafternoons.C.OnSundayafternoons.

20.Whichcourseisforbeginners?

A.Badminton.B.Tabletennis.C.Baseball.

【答案】17.B18.A19.C20.A

【原文】

W:Goodmorning,everyone,andthankyouforingtothenewTeenProgramhereattheParkHill

LeisureCenter.Tdliketotakeyouthroughtheprogram,theclassesavailable,describethebuildingitself,

andthengiveyousomeinformationabouthowtosignupforthesportsandactivitiesweoffer.Afterwards,

you511haveanopportunitytotakeatourofthecenter,andalsohavesometimewithourinstructors.

Lefsgothroughtheclassesfirst.AsyoucanseefromtheTeenProgramhandoutinyourpack,we

havelotsofclassesonoffer.Ourinstructorsarehighlyqualifiedandhavelotsofexperienceoftraining

youngpeople.Dianaisourdanceinstructor,andshegivesclassesinjazzonWednesdayandThursday

evenings.Jimusuallytakesthefootballpractice,butthisyearhewillberunningthebaseballpractice.This

classhasbeenchangedfromSaturdaytoSundayafternoons.Stevewilltakethetabletennisclasson

Mondayevening.Thebadmintoncourseisforbeginners,andthiswillbetakenbyStella,whowaslast

year'sunder21badmintonwinner,soyou'llbeingoodhandswithherexpertadvice.Thedayofthis

courseisstilltobearrangedbutifslikelytobeTuesday.We'llconfirmthedaybytheendofthisweek.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題:每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

ThisyearArtCollectingwillcontinuetoprovidemunityartguidesaswehavebeendoingitfor

thepast24years.

HalvorsenFineArtGallery

EstablishedinHoustonHistoricArtDistrict,atSawyerYards,HalvorsenFineArtGallerywith2,000

squarefeetfeaturesamazingpaintingsoflandscapesandseascapesbyimpressionisticartists.Inadditionto

hostingartistexhibitions,itprovidesartconsultationservicesforcollectors,designersandartenthusiasts.

ArtoftheWorldGallery

Thegalleryprovidesacontemporary,plexandrichculturalexperienceforartenthusiastsand

collectorsfromallaroundtheworld.Directlyrepresentingsomeofthemostimportantlivingartistsfrom

Asia,Europe,andLatinAmerica,ArtoftheWorldGalleryisoneofthemostfamousgalleriesinthestate,

locatedinHouston9sfinesthotspotforlocalsandtourists.

ZatistaContemporaryandFineArt

Withover4,000worksfromthemosttalentedemergingandestablishedartists,Zatistaprovides

accesstothetypesofworkspreviouslyonlyavailabletoseasonedcollectors.BuyingonlinewithZatistais

easywiththeirfreeartconsultation,certificatesofauthenticity（真實(shí)'性），andabuyerguaranteethatallows

youtotryartinyourhomewithfreereturns.

JohnPalmerFineArt

It'slocatedintheavenueintheHistoricHeights.Thebinationofasaved1930'sbungalow（平房）

withmuseumqualitynewconstructionistheperfectatmospheretoshowcasethegreatworksofartistJohn

RossPalmer.JohnPalmerFineArtisopenbyappointmentonly.Youcansetanappointmentbycalling

7138616726.WelookforwardtoshowingyouthebeautifulworldofJohnPalmerFineArt!

21.WhatisthepurposeofArtCollecting?

A.Collectingartworks.B.Offeringartinformation.

C.Helpingseasonedartists.D.Foundingartorganizations.

22.WhatcanvisitorsdoinHalvorsenFineArtGallery?

A.Holdpersonalexhibitions.B.Obtainauthenticcertificates.

C.Getatasteofdifferentcultures.D.Appreciateimpressionistpaintings.

23.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnPalmerFineArt?

A.ItisinHouston'sbestspot.B.Itoffersartconsultationservices.

C.Itexhibitstheworksofonlyoneartist.D.Itcanbevisitedwithoutanappointment.

【答案】21.B22.D23.C

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了在美國(guó)休斯敦可以欣賞藝術(shù)作品的四個(gè)地方。

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ThisyearArtCollectingwillcontinuetoprovidemunityartguidesas

wehavebeendoingitforthepast24years.（今年ArtCollecting將繼續(xù)提供社區(qū)藝術(shù)指南，就像我

們過(guò)去24年做的那樣）”可知，這個(gè)網(wǎng)站的目的是提供社區(qū)藝術(shù)方面的信息。故選B項(xiàng)。

22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HalvorsenFineArtGallery中“EstablishedinHoustonHistoricArtDistrict,at

SawyerYards,HalvorsenFineArtGallerywith2,000squarefeetfeaturesamazingpaintingsoflandscapes

andseascapesbyimpressionisticartists.（哈爾沃森美術(shù)館位于休斯敦歷史藝術(shù)區(qū)的Sawyer園區(qū)，占地

2000平方英尺，以印象派藝術(shù)家的風(fēng)景畫(huà)和海景畫(huà)為特色）”可知，哈爾沃森美術(shù)館的參觀(guān)者可以欣

賞印象派的畫(huà)作。故選D項(xiàng)。

23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)JohnPalmerFineArt中“Thebinationofasaved1930'sbungalowwith

museumqualitynewconstructionistheperfectatmospheretoshowcasethegreatworksofartistJohnRoss

Palmer.（將保存下來(lái)的二十世紀(jì)三十年代的平房與博物館品質(zhì)的新建筑相結(jié)合，這是展示藝術(shù)家

JohnRossPalmer偉大作品的完美氛圍）”可知，該美術(shù)館只展出一位藝術(shù)家的作品。故選C項(xiàng)。

B

Atage10,McCulloughgotaglimpseofherdreamjob.ItsparkledintheeyesofthePackard

Children'snurseswhocaredforherbrotherMatthew,whohadbraincancer.Asachild,McCulloughspent

hoursatherbrother'sbedside."Ilookeduptothenurses.Ifoundtheirunconditionalmitmenttomy

brother'scareremarkable,McCulloughsays.

Asayounggirl,McCulloughpracticednursingbycaringforherbrother,adesirebornoutofher

intenseloveforhim.Shewouldrubhisback,bringhimdrinks,andevenhelpadjusthislines.Shewasa

natural.Herparentssaidthatshewasverycaringandalwaysputpeoplefirstfromayoungage.

WhenMatthewpassedaway,McCulloughbecameevenmoremittedtobeinganurse.Shetooksteps

throughtheyearstomakeherdreametrue.Inhighschool,shevolunteeredatcancercentersandhospitals.

“Mybeinganurseis100%inhonorofMatt.Ifelttheneedtochannelmygriefandturnthattragic

momentintosomethingpositive,9,McCulloughsays.

Overtime,McCulloughrealizedthatshedidn'tjustwanttobeanurse.Shewantedtobeapediatric

oncology（兒科腫瘤）nurseatPackardChildren's.McCulloughwantedtogivebacktothehospitalthat

haddonesomuchforherbrother.

Despitefeelinglikeschoolnevercameeasy,McCulloughpersisted（堅(jiān)持）andgotintoarespected

nursingschool.Shefeelslikesheworked10timesharderthanothernursingstudentsattheuniversity.She

tradedgoingoutandspendingtimewithfriendsforthelibrary.

Incollege,eachstepbroughtMcCulloughclosertoherdream.Sheworkedasanursingassistantat

StanfordHealthCareforadultswithcancer.Then,shetransferredtoPackardChildren'sandworkedasa

nursingassistantinthePediatricTransplantCenter.

Today,She'sanurseonthesameunitthatcaredforherbrotheryearsago.Sheisoneofthosenurses

sheadmiredsomuchasachild.Shefindsthetime,evenonverybusydays,totrulybethereforpatients

andfamiliestomakethemfeellovedandweled.

24.WhatmakesMcCulloughwanttobeanurse?

A.Herloveforherbrother.

B.Thepainofcancerpatients.

C.Hernaturalabilityofnursing.

D.Thedesiretogivebacktosociety.

25.WhatisknownaboutMcCullough'scollegelife?

A.Shebegantoworkforherdream.

B.Shevolunteeredatcancercenters.

C.Shebecameanursingassistantforchildren.

D.Shespentmuchtimewithfriendsinthelibrary.

26.WhatwordscanbeusedtodescribeMcCullough?

A.Changeableandrespectable.

B.Hardworkinganddemanding.

C.Professionalandadventurous.

D.Considerateandpersistent.

27.Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?

A.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.

B.Wherethereisawillthereisaway.

C.Behindbadluckesgoodluck.

D.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.

【答案】24.A25.C26.D27.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了McCullough經(jīng)過(guò)不懈努力，實(shí)現(xiàn)兒時(shí)想當(dāng)護(hù)士的夢(mèng)想的

故事。

24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Asayounggirl,McCulloughpracticednursingbycaringforherbrother,a

desirebornoutofherintenseloveforhim.（作為一個(gè)年輕的女孩，McCullough通過(guò)照顧她的哥哥來(lái)練

習(xí)護(hù)理，這是她對(duì)他強(qiáng)烈的愛(ài)所產(chǎn)生的愿望）"和第三段""Mybeinganurseis100%inhonorofMatt.I

felttheneedtochannelmygriefandturnthattragicmomentintosomethingpositive,“McCulloughsays.

（“我成為一名護(hù)士完全是為了紀(jì)念Matt。我覺(jué)得有必要疏導(dǎo)我的悲傷，把那個(gè)悲慘的時(shí)刻變成積極

的東西，“McCullough說(shuō)）”可知，McCullough當(dāng)護(hù)士的愿望源于對(duì)她哥哥強(qiáng)烈的愛(ài)。故選A。

25.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Then,shetransferredtoPackardChildren'sandworkedasanursing

assistantinthePediatricTransplantCenter.（然后，她轉(zhuǎn)到帕卡德兒童醫(yī)院，在兒科移植中心擔(dān)任護(hù)理

助理）”可知，McCullough在兒科移植中心做護(hù)理助理。故選C。

26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章敘述的內(nèi)容可知，McCullough為了實(shí)現(xiàn)兒時(shí)成為一名護(hù)士的夢(mèng)想而堅(jiān)持

不懈（persistent）的故事。根據(jù)第二段“Shewouldrubhisback,bringhimdrinks,andevenhelpadjusthis

lines.（她會(huì)幫他揉背，給他拿飲料，甚至幫他調(diào)整各種線(xiàn)）”和最后一段“Shefindsthetime,evenonvery

busydays,totrulybethereforpatientsandfamiliestomakethemfeellovedandweled.（即使在非常繁忙

的日子里，她也會(huì)抽出時(shí)間，真正地陪伴在病人和家屬身邊，讓他們感到被愛(ài)和被歡迎）”可知，她

對(duì)哥哥和病人及家屬關(guān)愛(ài)細(xì)致，體貼入微（considerate）。故選D。

27.推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“Atage10,McCulloughgotaglimpseofherdreamjob.（10

歲時(shí)，McCullough瞥見(jiàn)了她夢(mèng)寐以求的工作）”和最后一段中"Sheisoneofthosenursessheadmiredso

muchasachild.（她成了她小時(shí)候非常崇拜的護(hù)士之一）“可知，文章講述了McCullough經(jīng)過(guò)不懈努

力，實(shí)現(xiàn)兒時(shí)想當(dāng)護(hù)士的夢(mèng)想的故事。所以文章告訴我們：有志者事竟成。A.Godhelpsthosewhohelp

themselves自助者天助；C.Behindbadluckesgoodluck塞翁失馬,焉知非福；D.Hewholaughslast

laughsbest誰(shuí)笑到最后，誰(shuí)笑得最好。故選B。

c

Therearewelldocumentedmentalhealthbenefitstopetownership,asmuchresearchhasshown.

Indeed,weknowtherearesomephysicalbenefitsaswell,asdogownerstendtohavemoreactive

lifestyles.Yetwhenitestoconditionslikeallergies（過(guò)敏）,wetendtothinkofpetownershipas

exacerbating,notalleviatingthem.

Hence,arecentstudypublishedinthejournalPLOSOnemighteasasurprise.Thestudy,published

Wednesday,foundthatchildrenraisedwithcatsanddogsearlyinlifehada13to16%lowerriskof

developingallfoodallergiesthanthosewhodidnotownpets.

Theresearchersengagedinadetailedsurvey,studying65,000children.Theyfoundthatchildrenwho

wereexposedtodogseitherduringfetal（胎兒）development,oruptotheageof3yearsoldwereless

likelytohavenut,milkandeggallergies.

Thiswasn'ttrueforotherpetsthatweren'tcatsanddogs.Indeed,thesameresearchfoundthat

childrenexposedtohamstersduringthissameperiodhadanincreasedriskofnutallergies.Yetchildren

whowereexposedtocatsduringtheirearlyyearswerelikewiselesslikelytodevelopspecificallergies一

namely,allergiestowheat,soybeanandegg.

Whilethestudyisnotthefinalwordontheissue-theresearchersnote"'furtherstudiesusingoral

foodchallengesarerequiredtomoreaccuratelyassesstheincidentoffoodallergies^^一itreinforces

preexistingresearchontheseeminglyfunnywaysthatcatsinfluencehumandevelopment.

Inadditiontoaddingtothegrowingbodyofscientificliteratureaboutpetsandhumanhealth,the

PLOSOnealsoreinforcesearlierresearchabouttheroleoftheenvironmentindevelopingallergies.The

researchrepeatedlyfoundthatexposuretofarmyarddirt,dustandthevariousfinehairsthatflyoffanimals

helpschildrenintheirbreathingsystemdevelopment.

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exacerbating“inparagraph1bestmean?

A.Worsening.B.Damaging.

C.Improving.D.Benefiting.

29.Whatagreeswiththeresultoftherecentresearch?

A.Kidsover3willhavemorefoodallergies.

B.Hamsterscausethemostallergiestochildren.

C.Allpetownershipwillnotreducefoodallergies.

D.Catownersarelesslikelytobeallergicthandogowners.

30.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothePLOSOnestudy?

A.Satisfied.B.Objective.

C.Doubtful.D.Unconcerned.

31.Whatisabesttitleforthetext?

A.Benefitsbroughtbyraisinganimals

B.Petownershipmakingkidshealthier

C.Researchesondifferentfoodallergies

D.Dogsandcatsreducingkids'allergies

【答案】28.A29.C30.B31.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)小時(shí)候和貓狗一起長(zhǎng)大的孩子患各種食物過(guò)敏的

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比沒(méi)有養(yǎng)寵物的孩子低，但是同一時(shí)期接觸倉(cāng)鼠的兒童患堅(jiān)果過(guò)敏的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，

接觸農(nóng)場(chǎng)的泥土、灰塵和從動(dòng)物身上飛出來(lái)的各種細(xì)毛有助于兒童呼吸系統(tǒng)的發(fā)育。

28.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第一段的劃線(xiàn)句"Yetwhenitestoconditionslikeallergies（過(guò)敏）,wetendto

thinkofpetownershipasexacerbating,notalleviatingthem.（然而，當(dāng)涉及到過(guò)敏等情況時(shí)，我們往往

認(rèn)為養(yǎng)寵物會(huì)，而不是緩解過(guò)敏。）”,句中劃線(xiàn)詞后“notalleviatingthem”可知，劃線(xiàn)詞與后文

為反義，故劃線(xiàn)詞意為“加劇”符合題意，與A選項(xiàng)同義。故選A。

29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句"Thestudy,publishedWednesday,foundthatchildrenraisedwith

catsanddogsearlyinlifehada13to16%lowerriskofdevelopingallfoodallergiesthanthosewhodid

notownpets.（周三發(fā)表的這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，小時(shí)候和貓狗一起長(zhǎng)大的孩子患各種食物過(guò)敏的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比沒(méi)

有養(yǎng)寵物的孩子低13%到16%。）”可知，本文主要介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)小時(shí)候和貓狗一起長(zhǎng)大的孩子

患各種食物過(guò)敏的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比沒(méi)有養(yǎng)寵物的孩子低；再根據(jù)文章第四段第二句"Indeed,thesameresearch

foundthatchildrenexposedtohamstersduringthissameperiodhadanincreasedriskofnutallergies.（事

實(shí)上，同樣的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在同一時(shí)期接觸倉(cāng)鼠的兒童患堅(jiān)果過(guò)敏的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加。）”可推斷，并不是所

有寵物的飼養(yǎng)都會(huì)降低食物過(guò)敏。故選C。

30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)根據(jù)第二段第二句"Thestudy,publishedWednesday,foundthatchildrenraised

withcatsanddogsearlyinlifehada13to16%lowerriskofdevelopingallfoodallergiesthanthosewho

didnotownpets.（周三發(fā)表的這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，小時(shí)候和貓狗一起長(zhǎng)大的孩子患各種食物過(guò)敏的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

比沒(méi)有養(yǎng)寵物的孩子低13%至?。?6%。）”及文章最后一段第一句"Inadditiontoaddingtothegrowing

bodyofscientificliteratureaboutpetsandhumanhealth,thePLOSOnealsoreinforcesearlierresearch

abouttheroleoftheenvironmentindevelopingallergies.（除了為越來(lái)越多的關(guān)于寵物和人類(lèi)健康的科

學(xué)文獻(xiàn)增添新的內(nèi)容外，《公共科學(xué)圖書(shū)館?綜合》還加強(qiáng)了早期關(guān)于環(huán)境在過(guò)敏中所起作用的研

究。）”可知，全文只是陳述《公共科學(xué)圖書(shū)館?綜合》研究的內(nèi)容，可推斷，作者的態(tài)度是客觀(guān)的。

故選Bo

31.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，尤其是第二段第二句"Thestudy,publishedWednesday,foundthat

childrenraisedwithcatsanddogsearlyinlifehada13to16%lowerriskofdevelopingallfoodallergies

thanthosewhodidnotownpets.（周三發(fā)表的這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，小時(shí)候和貓狗一起長(zhǎng)大的孩子患各種食

物過(guò)敏的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比沒(méi)有養(yǎng)寵物的孩子低13%到16%。）”可知，狗和貓減少孩子的過(guò)敏。故選D。

D

Zoologistsstudiedthenervoussystemsofinsectstoinvestigateprinciplesofbiologicalbrainputation

andpossibleeffectsonmachinelearningandartificialintelligence.Specifically,theyanalysedhowinsects

learntoassociatesensoryinformationintheirenvironmentwithafoodreward,andhowtheycanrecall

thisinformationlaterinordertosolveplextaskssuchasthesearchforfood.

Livingorganismsshowremarkableabilitiesincopingwithproblemsposedbyplexanddynamic

environments.Theyareabletogeneralizetheirexperiencesinordertorapidlyadapttheirbehaviourwhen

theenvironmentchanges.Thezoologistsinvestigatedhowthenervoussystemofthefruitflycontrolsits

behaviourwhensearchingforfood.

Usingaputermodel,theysimulated（模擬）andanalysedtheputationsinthefruitfly'snervoussystem

inresponsetoscentsingfromthefoodsource.Theyinitiallytrainedtheirmodeloftheflybraininexactly

thesamewayasinsectsaretrainedinexperiments.Theypresentedaspecificscentinthesimulation

togetherwitharewardandasecondscentwithoutareward.

“Themodelrapidlylearnsastrongrepresentationoftherewardedscentafterjustafewscent

presentationsandisthenabletofindthesourceofthisscentinaplexenvironment,9,saidputerscientistDr

HannesRapp,whocreatedthemodel.

Themodelcreatedisthuscapableofgeneralizingfromitsmemoryandtoapplywhatithaslearned

previouslyinapletelynewandplexenvironment,whilelearningrequiredonlyaverysmalldatabaseof

trainingsamples.

Theresultssuggestthatthetransformationofsensoryinformationintomemoriesinthebraincan

inspirefuturemachinelearningandartificialintelligenceapplicationstosolvingplextasks.

32.Whatistheaimoftheresearch?

A.Toanalysetheapplicationofbiologicalbrainputationprinciples.

B.Toseekpromotionofmachinelearningandartificialintelligence.

C.Toshedlightonhowthenervoussystemsofinsectswork.

D.Touncoverhowinsectsapplysensoryinformationinsearchoffood.

33.WhichstatementabouttheresearchmethodisNOTTRUE?

A.Theresearcherscollectedthedatabyusingaputermodel.

B.Theresearchersfocusedonhowthefruitfly'snervoussystemreactstoscents.

C.Theresearcherstrainedthemodelinthesamewayastrainingfruitflies.

D.Theresearcherspresentedtwodifferentscentstocarryoutacontrolexperiment.

34.Whatdotheresultsoftheresearchimply?

A.Insects9nervoussystemsaremoresensitivetoparticularscents.

B.Artificialintelligenceissignificanttobiologicalbrainresearch.

C.Sensoryinformationiswidelyappliedinmachinelearning.

D.ResearchoninsectbraincancontributetoAIdevelopment.

35.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?

A.Topresentpredictionsaboutthefutureofmachinelearning.

B.Toillustratethemethodandfindingsofascientificstudy.

C.Tocallonmoreresearchoninsectbrainandbehavior.

D.Tointroduceapracticalmethodofinsectresearch.

【答案】32.B33.D34.D35.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。昆蟲(chóng)的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)能獲取并將感官性信息轉(zhuǎn)換為記憶，控制其行為來(lái)完

成如覓食這樣的復(fù)雜任務(wù)，動(dòng)物學(xué)家通過(guò)研究這一過(guò)程，尋求其對(duì)未來(lái)機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和人工智能的啟發(fā)。

32.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第一段講到"Zoologistsstudiedthenervoussystemsofinsectstoinvestigate

principlesofbiologicalbrainputationandpossibleeffectsonmachinelearningandartificialintelligence

（動(dòng)物學(xué)家研究了昆蟲(chóng)的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，以研究生物大腦計(jì)算的原理以及對(duì)機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和人工智能的可能影

響）''最后一■段“Theresultssuggestthatthetransformationofsensoryinformationintomemoriesinthe

braincaninspirefuturemachinelearningandartificialintelligenceapplicationstosolvingplextasks.（研

究結(jié)果表明，將感覺(jué)信息轉(zhuǎn)化為大腦中的記憶可以激勵(lì)未來(lái)的機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和人工智能應(yīng)用于解決復(fù)雜

任務(wù)。）可知，動(dòng)物學(xué)家研究昆蟲(chóng)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的目的是研究生物大腦計(jì)算的原理和對(duì)機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)及人工智

能的可能影響。故選B。

33.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第三段講到"Theypresentedaspecificscentinthesimulationtogetherwitha

rewardandasecondscentwithoutareward.（他們?cè)谀M中呈現(xiàn)了一種特定的氣味以及獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，而第二種

氣味則沒(méi)有獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。）”可知，研究過(guò)程中確實(shí)使用了兩種氣味，但研究方法并非對(duì)照實(shí)驗(yàn)，而只是測(cè)

試該模型對(duì)于有獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的氣味的反應(yīng)。因此，關(guān)于研究方法的說(shuō)法是不正確的是D項(xiàng)“研究人員提出

了兩種不同的氣味來(lái)進(jìn)行對(duì)照實(shí)驗(yàn)”。故選D。

34.推理判斷題。文章最后一段講到"Theresultssuggestthatthetransformationofsensoryinformation

intomemoriesinthebraincaninspirefuturemachinelearningandartificialintelligenceapplicationsto

solvingplextasks.（研究結(jié)果表明，將感覺(jué)信息轉(zhuǎn)化為大腦中的記憶可以激勵(lì)未來(lái)的機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和人工

智能應(yīng)用于解決復(fù)雜任務(wù)。廠(chǎng)可知，研究的結(jié)果表明，大腦中感官性信息轉(zhuǎn)換為記憶能夠啟示未來(lái)

機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和人工智能在解決復(fù)雜任務(wù)中的運(yùn)用，因此，對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)大腦的研究能促進(jìn)人工智能的發(fā)展，

故選D。

35.推理判斷題。本文全文皆在介紹一項(xiàng)研究，從研究目的到研究方法，再到研究結(jié)果，文章第三

段講至Ll“Usingaputermodel,theysimulated（模擬）andanalysedtheputationsinthefruitfly'snervous

systeminresponsetoscentsingfromthefoodsource.（他們使用計(jì)算機(jī)模型模擬和分析了果蠅神經(jīng)系

統(tǒng)對(duì)食物來(lái)源氣味的反應(yīng)。）”以及最后一段"Theresultssuggestthatthetransformationofsensory

informationintomemoriesinthebraincaninspirefuturemachinelearningandartificialintelligence

applicationstosolvingplextasks.（研究結(jié)果表明，將感覺(jué)信息轉(zhuǎn)化為大腦中的記憶可以激勵(lì)未來(lái)的機(jī)

器學(xué)習(xí)和人工智能應(yīng)用于解決復(fù)雜任務(wù)。）”可知，這篇文章的主要目的是說(shuō)明科學(xué)研究的方法和發(fā)

現(xiàn)。故選B。

第二節(jié)（共5小題:每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

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