2024年高考第三次模擬考試英語(yǔ)（新高考II卷）

2024年高考英語(yǔ)第三次模擬考試

高三英語(yǔ)

（考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫(xiě)在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，

用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)

效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

1.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?

A.Attendawedding.B.Changeclothes.C.Goshopping.

【答案】A

【原文】

W:James,you'restillnotready?

M:I'mready,I'mready!r11justgrabmysuit!

W:Ohno!Youshouldbewearingit!

M:Tilgetchangedbeforethewedding;it'llbeokay!

2.Wherearethespeakers?

A.Inasupermarket.B.Inalibrary.C.Inthestreet.

【答案】B

【原文】

M:Excuseme,Madam.Iamheretolookforthe6theditionofLongmanDictionary.Canyoutellme

wherethereferencesectionis?

W:Oh,pleasetaketheelevatortothe5thfloor.Itwillbeonyourright.

M:Thankssomuch.

3.Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrowprobably?

A.Rainy.B.Sunny.C.Windy.

【答案】C

【原文】

M:Ifsgoingtorainalldayaccordingtotheweatherforecast.

W:Well,andit'stoowindytomorrow,sothatruinsourplantogohiking.Iwashopingtodaywouldbe

sunny!

4.Whendidthemanleavetheoffice?

A.At1:00.B.At1:30.C.At2:00.

【答案】B

【原文】

W:Iwasattheofficeattwoo'clock.HowdidImissyou?

M:Igotthereatoneo5clockandwaitedforhalfanhour.ThenIleftforameeting.

5.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Inthewoman'shome.B.Inaclothingshop.C.Inashoestore.

【答案】A

【原文】

M:Wow!Beautifulhomeyouhavehere.

W:Thanks.Letmetakeyourcoat.Andwouldyouleaveyourbaghere?

M:Ohyeah.ShallItakeoffmyshoes?

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中

選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題

將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

【聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題?！?/p>

6.Whafsthewomandoingnow?

A.WaitingforAnn.B.Typingherpaper.C.Attendingaparty.

7.Whosebirthdayisittoday?

A.Mike's.B.Mary's.C.Ann's.

【答案】6.B7.C

【原文】

W:Ifsalready5:30p.m.now.Ihaven5tfinishedtypingmypaperyet.

M:Don'tworry,Mary.Theclockis10minutesfast.

W:Great!FirstmakeacalltoMikeandtellhimtowaitforus.Tilfinishthepapersoon.

M:Dowehaveanyotherthings?

W:We'regoingtoAnn'sbirthdaypartyat7o'clockinarestaurant.

【聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題?！?/p>

8.Wherearethespeakersprobably?

A.Inacafe.B.Inapark.C.Inabookstore.

9.Whatmainlymakesthemaninterestedinthebook?

A.Itsthemes.B.Itscharacters.C.Itsauthor.

8.Howmanymultiplechoicesremainunfinished?

A.3.B.4.C.7.

9.HowdidLindaperforminthefreeresponsequestions?

A.Fairlywell.B.Justsoso.C.Quitebadly.

【答案】8.B9.C

【原文】M:Linda,wouldyoutellmeallaboutthetest?

W:Well,Ithoughtthemultiplechoicewasfairlysimple,butthefreeresponsequestionskilled!

M:Really?Howmanydidyouleaveblanksonthemultiplechoice?

W:Ileft4of70blanks,andguessedon3others.Theywereeducatedguessesthough.However,Icannot

guaranteethattheguessedonesarecorrect.

M:Thafsokay.ThafsbetterthanmostofthepeopleFvetalkedtosofar.

W:Iknow.Itdoesn'tmatterhowwellIdidonthemultiplechoicesinceIprobablymessedupthetestwith

myfreeresponsequestions.

【聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題?！?/p>

10.Howmanynewfriendsdidthemanmakeontheschoolbus?

A.One.B.Two.C.Three.

11.Whatdidtheartteacherdo?

A.Heshowedhisdisappointment.

B.Hepraisedmostofthestudents.

C.Hepraisedthemanforhispaintinggift.

12.Whatdoesthemanprobablythinkofhismathteacher?

A.Veryserious.B.Verygood.C.Veryfunny.

【答案】10.A11.C12.B

【原文】

W:Peter,youareinyoursenioryearnow.Doyoustillrememberyourfirstdayinhighschool?

M:Yes.Itwasaveryimpressiveday.IrememberedIwasnervousthatdaybecauseIhadnevervisitedthis

schoolbeforeanditisanallboysschool.

W:Howdidthatdaygo?

M:Actuallyitwentverywell.ThingswerenotsobadasIthoughtatall.Ontheschoolbus,Ievenmettwo

oldfriendsandmadeanewfriend.

W:Doyoustillrememberyourfirstclass?

M:Yes.Myfirstclassonthatdaywasart.Theteacherlookedserious,butitturnedoutthathewasvery

easygoing.HeevenpraisedmeandsaidIhadagiftforpainting.Iwasgreatlyencouraged.

W:Whatwasyoursecondclass?

M:Mysecondclasswasmath.

W:Howdiditgo?

M:Verywelltoo.Iwasn'tgoodatmath,buttheteacherwasgoodatteachingandIimmediatelyshowed

interestinhisclass.

W:Youarereallylucky.

【聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題?！?/p>

13.Whendidthespeakersmeetthelasttime?

A.Lastyear.B.Adecadeago.C.AtAmanda'sgraduation.

14.Whatdoesthemando?

A.Heisadesigner.B.Heisalawyer.C.Heisawriter.

15.Wherearethespeakersnow?

A.InNewYork.B.InCalifornia.C.InArizona.

16.Whattimeoftheyearisitnow?

A.Fall.B.Winter.C.Summer.

【答案】13.B14.C15.A16.B

【原文】M:Betty!Isthatyou?Mygosh,it'sbeenages.Howareyoudoing?ThelastIheard,youwerein

California.WhatbringsyouovertotheEastCoast?

W:Michael,hi!Yes,Iamvisitingmyfolks.TheystillliveinexactlythesameplaceaswhenIleftthem.

Oh,gosh,adecadeisalongtime,isn'tit?

M:Well,IguessithasbeenthatlongsinceyoumovedawaybutIseealotofoldfriendsaroundChristmas,

soifsnotsurprisingthatI'drunintoyou.

W:So,whatareyoudoingwithyourselfthesedays?

M:Ispendmytimewritingnow,althoughIamnotverygoodatit.Ihaven'tbeenabletogetmyself

publishedyet,butmaybeoneday-andyou?

W:Wehaveexpandedthepany.?WehaveofficeshereinNewYork,aswellasWashington,Florida,

Nevada,andArizona.

M:Goodforyou.AndyouhaveadaughternamedAmanda,right?Shejustgraduatedthisfall?

W:Yes,shejustgotacceptedbytheUniversityofCalifornia.AndDavidhashislawpractice.

M:Well,it'sgoodtohaveyouherefortheholidays.

W:Maybewecangetourfamiliestogetherforamealbeforetheyearends.

【聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題?！?/p>

17.WhatdidMiltondo?

A.Hecaughtathief.

B.Hewenttoathemepark.

C.Hetraveledacrossthecountry.

18.WhathappenedonMonday?

A.Somecarswerestolen.

B.Arollercoasterstoppedworking.

C.TheJohnsonfamilymovedtoNewYork.

19.WhereisSixFlagslocated?

A.InOrangeCounty.B.InUnionCity.C.InNewYork.

20.Whatwillviewersseenext?

A.Anadvertisement.B.Aninterview.C.Aweatherreport.

【答案】17.C18.A19.B20.A

【原文】

M:Goodmorning.ThisisMichaelJonesherewiththe10:00NewsReport.Earlierthisweek,weheard

aboutMilton,thedogthattraveledover3,000milestobereunitedwithhisfamily.WhentheJohnson

familymovedfromCaliforniatoNewYork,theycouldn'tfindtheirdogandtheyweresadtoleavehim

behind.Aboutamonthlater,MiltonshowedupattheirdoorstepinNewYork.Wecannotbelievehowfar

thisdogtraveled!Thefamilywillbedoinganinterviewinthestudiotomorrowmorning.Inothernews,

there?sbeenanoutbreakofcartheftsinOrangeCountythisweek.Abouttencarshavebeenstolenfrom

outsidetheirowners9homessinceMonday.Ifyouseeorhearanything,pleasecall911.Abouttenpeople

foundthemselvesstuckonarollercoasterafteritbrokedownattheSixFlagsthemeparkonTuesdayin

UnionCity.Thevictimsswungupsidedownforaroundthreeminutesasstaffworkedtorestarttheroller

coaster.Fortunately,noonewashurt.SixFlagshassaidthattheychecktheirridesveryseriously,andthat

thiswassimplyanunfortunateaccident.Thafsitforthenews.Whenweebackfromamercialbreak,

MichelleSmithwillbeherewiththeweatherreport.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題:每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

Knownas“theroofoftheworld”,theQinghaiTibetPlateauhaslongbeenanidealandmysterious

destinationforvisitorswhoarepassionateaboutexploringremotelands.Herearesomeofthebesttourist

destinationsinTibetwhichmightsuityourdiscerningtraveltastewiththearrivalofspring.

TheYarlungZangboRiverGrandCanyon

TheYarlungZangboRiverGrandCanyonisthedeepestcanyonintheworld.Withatotallengthof

about500kilometers,itsaltitudespansfrom7,782metersatNamchaBarwa,thehighestpeakofthe

easternHimalayas,to550metersaroundtheYarlungZangboRiverValleyinMetogcounty.

Oneuniquefeatureofthespringsighthereisthatvisitorscanenjoyboththepeachblossomsandthe

snowcappedmountainsatthesametime.ThewaterPeachBlessomFairisalsoanattractioninthearea.

LakeManasarova

LakeManasarovasits4,500metersabovesealevelinPurangcounty,Ngariprefecture.Snowmelt

fromtheGangdiseMountainshuggingthelakeisthesourceforthenearbyYarlungZangboRiveraswell

asthemightyGanges.

TheManasarovawetlandisakey“climateregulator^^ontheplateauandhometomorethan400rare

speciesincludingtheblackneckedcraneandtheTibetanwilddonkey.Enshrinedas"holylakeandsacred

mountain^^alongwithGangRinpoche,LakeManasarovaattractsalargenumberofpilgrimsaswellas

touristsfromhomeandabroad.

NanyiValley

Nanyigouscenicspotis20kilometersawayfromMilincountyandisanimportantbirthplaceofthe

mysteriousTibetanmedicineculture.Thescenicareacoversatotalareaof820hectares.Theecological

conditionsherearesogoodthattheplaceisrichinvariousanimalandplantspecies.

NanyiValleyisknownas“thehighestgreenmysteriousplaceonEarth”.Surroundedbymountains

andshroudedinclouds,NanyiValleyisanidealspringdestinationforvisitors,whereyoucanfindpeach

andazaleablossomseverywhere.

21.WhatisspecialaboutthespringsceneryintheYarlungZangboRiverGrandCanyon?

A.Itispossibleforpeopletoseethedeepestcanyonintheworld.

B.VisitorscangotothewaterPeachBlossomFairinMetogcounty.

C.Agreatrangeofculturalheritagesitescanbeenjoyedinpleasantweather.

D.Touristscanadmirecharmingflowersaswellasmountainscoveredwithsnow.

22.Whichplacebestsuitspeoplewhowanttoexploremoreaboutmedicine?

A.TheYarlungZangboRiverGrandCanyonB.LakeManasarova

C.NanyiValleyD.Milincounty

23.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Atravelbrochure.B.Anacademicarticle.

C.Ageographytextbook.D.Amarketingwebsite.

【答案】21.D22.C23.A

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】

本文是篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了三個(gè)位于西藏適合春天旅游的美麗的景點(diǎn)。

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheYarlungZangboRiverGrandCanyon部分“Oneuniquefeatureofthespring

sighthereisthatvisitorscanenjoyboththepeachblossomsandthesnowcappedmountainsatthesame

time."（這里春天景色的一個(gè)獨(dú)特之處在于游客可以同時(shí)欣賞桃花和雪山）可知，春季去雅魯藏布江

大峽谷游玩的特別之處是游客可以同時(shí)欣賞桃花和雪山。故選D項(xiàng)。

22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NanyiValley中“Nanyigouscenicspotis20kilometersawayfromMilincounty

andisanimportantbirthplaceofthemysteriousTibetanmedicineculture."（南驛溝風(fēng)景區(qū)距米林縣20

公里，是神秘藏藥文化的重要發(fā)源地）可知，NanyiValley適合愿意探索醫(yī)藥文化的人游覽。故選C

項(xiàng)。

23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句"HerearesomeofthebesttouristdestinationsinTibetwhich

mightsuityourdiscerningtraveltastew汕thearrivalofspring.”（隨著春天的到來(lái)，這里有一些西藏最

好的旅游目的地，可能會(huì)適合你挑剔的旅游品味）并結(jié)合下文對(duì)西藏不同景點(diǎn)的介紹可知，本文主

要介紹了西藏一些著名的旅游景點(diǎn)，應(yīng)選自旅游手冊(cè)。故選A項(xiàng)。

B

Istarteda"questionoftheday“sectioninafamilytextgroup.We'dtalkabouteverythingfrom

moviestopolitics.Butdespiteseveralwarningsfromlovedonesthatsomeofmyresponseswere

judgmentalandthatIwastooquicktoattackanopinion,Iallbutkilledthatgrouptext.Ithadagood12

peopleinit.We'dsharedlaughs,encouragement,andfunnymemes（表情包）.Ittookonlyone

conversation-whichIwasinthemiddleof-toendit.

IrealizedthatIhadaproblem.Themediumformyproblemisthesmartphone.Beforesmartphones

enabledinstantmunication,peopletalkedonthetelephone.Inperson,youcouldcutina"Whatdoyou

meanbythat?"tocorrectamisunderstandingbeforeitgotoutofhand.Don'tgetmewrong:Iloveagood

grouptext.ItmakesmefeelconnectedtopeopleinawaythatIjustcan'tseemtoanymore,nowthatI

haveawifeandkids.

I'mlearning,butIhadarelapse（復(fù)發(fā)）recently.Ijoinedanewtextgroup.Iintroducedmy"'question

oftheday“feature.IfooledmyselfintothinkingthatIwasencouragingahealthydebateoncurrentevents.

No.Othersinthegroupsawitasmetryingtoprovethatmywaywastherightway.ThenImadethe

mistakeofsharingsomepersonalinformationthatonefriendhadtoldmeduringaphoneconversation.I

thoughteveryoneknew.Thenthisfriendstartedreferringtomeasasnitch-nottermsofkindword.SoI

askedhimaboutit-inperson.ThafswhenhetoldmeI'dsharedsensitiveinformationhehadn'ttold

anyoneelse.Iapologizedplentifullyandcameawayfromtheconversationmoredeterminedtoslowdown

mytexts.

Mynewresolveseemstobeworking.YoushouldbepleasedtoknowthatIhaveavoidedmakinga

fewpointsthatIwastempted（鼓動(dòng)）tomakeinindividualandgrouptexts.Insomecases,Ididn'teven

respond.Ihaven'tlostanymoreconnectionsbydoingthis.

24.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?

A.Bymakingjudgmentsonpolitics.B.Byrespondingtosometextmessages.

C.Bypresentingapersonalexperience.D.Bystartingafunnyconversation.

25.Whatproblemdoestheauthorhaveindigitalmunication?

A.Ignoringtheneedtolistentoothers.B.Makingquickandsharpresponses.

C.Failingtoexpresshimselftimely.D.Focusingontheissuesofhisown.

26.Whywastheauthorattackedbyhisfriendinthetextgroup?

A.Hegaveawaytheprivacyofhisfriend.

B.Healwaysmademistakesoncurrentevents.

C.Hemadeafoolofhimselfinchatting.

D.Helikedenquiringpersonalinformation.

27.Whatdoestheauthorlearnfromhisexperience?

A.Hurrymakeswaste.B.Understandingeachotherisvital.

C.Sometimesfastisjusttoofast.D.Trustisthebridgeofmunication.

【答案】24.C25.B26.A27.C

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。作者通過(guò)個(gè)人經(jīng)歷反思了智能和即時(shí)通訊帶來(lái)的溝通問(wèn)題，特別是

在群聊中容易引發(fā)誤解和沖突，了解到自己的不當(dāng)行為對(duì)他人造成的影響，進(jìn)而決定改變自己在短

信交流中的方式，更加謹(jǐn)慎地對(duì)待信息分享和回應(yīng)速度，以維護(hù)人際關(guān)系和促進(jìn)有效的溝通。

24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的"Istarteda''questionoftheday95sectioninafamilytextgroup.We5dtalk

abouteverythingfrommoviestopolitics.Butdespiteseveralwarningsfromlovedonesthatsomeofmy

responseswerejudgmentalandthatIwastooquicktoattackanopinion,Iallbutkilledthatgrouptext.（我

在一個(gè)家庭短信群里開(kāi)了一個(gè)“每日問(wèn)題”版塊。我們無(wú)所不談，從電影到政治。但是，盡管我的親

人多次警告我，說(shuō)我的一些回復(fù)帶有評(píng)判性，而且我太急于攻擊別人的觀點(diǎn)，我還是差點(diǎn)取消了那

條群發(fā)短信o）”和第二段“IrealizedthatIhadaproblem.Themediumformyproblemisthe

smartphone.（我意識(shí)到我有問(wèn)題了。我的問(wèn)題的媒介是智能。廣可知，作者通過(guò)個(gè)人經(jīng)歷引入了

本文的主題。故選C。

25.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Iwastooquicktoattackanopinion（我太急于反駁一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)了）“和倒

數(shù)第二段的“Iapologizedplentifullyandcameawayfromtheconversationmoredeterminedtoslowdown

mytexts.（我再三道歉，然后離開(kāi)了談話，下定決心放慢我發(fā)短信的速度。戶可知，作者的問(wèn)題是在

群組討論中，急于反駁他人的觀點(diǎn)，對(duì)于分享信息不謹(jǐn)慎等，故選B。

26.推理判斷題。結(jié)合第三段的“ThenImadethemistakeofsharingsomepersonalinformationthatone

friendhadtoldmeduringaphoneconversation.Ithoughteveryoneknew.Thenthisfriendstartedreferring

tomeasasnitch一nottermsofkindword.（然后我犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，分享了一個(gè)朋友在中告訴我的一

些個(gè)人信息。我以為每個(gè)人都知道。然后這個(gè)朋友開(kāi)始說(shuō)我是告密者——這可不是什么好話。廠可

知，作者的一位朋友在群組中攻擊作者，是因?yàn)樽髡咴谌豪镎f(shuō)出了他和朋友之間私下交流的內(nèi)容，

故選Ao

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Iwastooquicktoattackanopinion（我太急于反駁一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)了）”和倒

數(shù)第二段的“Iapologizedplentifullyandcameawayfromtheconversationmoredeterminedtoslowdown

mytexts.（我再三道歉，然后離開(kāi)了談話，下定決心放慢我發(fā)短信的速度。廣可知，作者通過(guò)在一次

家庭群聊中的經(jīng)歷意識(shí)到自己的問(wèn)題在于急于反駁他人的觀點(diǎn)，因此作者從他的經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到的是有

時(shí)候就是太快了，故選C。

C

Wenormallythinkofbacteriaasourenemies.Buttheyaren'tallbad.Ourbodiesarefullofthemand

itturnsoutwecan'tlivewithoutthem.Fromthemomentwe'rebom,weacquire,anddevelopaninternal

ecosystemofsymbioticbacteriaandothermicrobes（微生物）theyareinterdependentplayersinourbody.

Infact,thereareroughlyasmanymicrobialcellsinourbodiesashumancells.Thismicrobialworldis

calledourmicrobiome（微生物組）.

Whilesomemicrobescanmakeusill,weneedourmicrobiometosurvive,bined,theyareeverybitas

essentialasourheart,ourlungs,orourbrain.Mostofthemicrobiomeisfoundinourgut（腸道）.Theyare

essentialfordigestionandhelpregulatehormonesandboostourimmunesystem.

Ahealthycollectionofmicrobesseemstobevitalforourwellbeing,protectingagainstsomeofthe

biggesthealththreats.Ontheotherhand,havinganunhealthymicrobiomemaybeacontributingfactorfor

manymondiseases.Ourmodemlifestyles,westerndietsandoveruseofantibioticsmightallbehavinga

harmfuleffectonourinternalecology.

Sohowdoyoudevelopahealthymicrobiomeinthegut?Well,itseemsthatthemorediverseyour

microbialpopulationis,thebetter.Andthebestwaytoincreaseyourdiversityistoeatawiderangeof

plantbasedfoods.Researchshowsthatpeoplewhohaveatleast30plantbasedelementsintheirdietevery

weekhaveawiderrangeofbacteriaintheirgut,andthafslinkedtobetterweightmanagement,better

heartheathandbettermentalhealth.Oneeasywaytoboostyournumbersistoaddateaspoonofmixed

seedstoyourbreakfast.

Theinfluenceofyourgutmicrobesgoesalotfurtherthanyoumightthink.Inthelast20years,we've

learnedthattheymunicateconstantlywiththebrain,perhapsevenhavingcontroloveryourmoodand

emotions.

28.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedwordsymbioticinthefirstparagraph?

A.Coexisting.B.Beneficial.C.Special.D.plicated.

29.Whichstatementmighttheauthoragreewith?

A.Plantbaseddietsmakepeoplehealthier.

B.Microbiomeismoreimportantthanourbrain.

C.There*ssomelinkbetweenthediversityofbacteriaandhealth.

D.Theoveruseofantibioticsleadstodistinctincreaseinmicrobiome.

30.Whatmightbediscussedafterthelastparagraph?

A.Examplesofgutmicrobes.

B?Gutmicrobesandmentalwellingbeing.

C.Interactionsofmicrobesinourbody.

D.Waystoidentifybeneficialgutmicrobes.

31.Whafsthebesttitlefbrthepassage?

A.Gutmicrobes:Fightersinthebody

B.Themicrobiome:Acureofalldiseases

C.Gutmicrobes:Protectorsofmentalhealth

D.Themicrobiome:Acontributortoourhealth

【答案】28.A29.C30.B31.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講述的是腸道中的細(xì)菌和微生物對(duì)人類身體健康的積極作用。

28.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前文“Ourbodiesarefullofthemanditturnsoutwecan'tlivewithoutthem.（我們

的身體充滿了它們，事實(shí)證明我們的生活不能沒(méi)有它們）”可知，我們和細(xì)菌是共存的關(guān)系，推知

symbiotic意為“共生的“，和A項(xiàng)意思相近。故選A項(xiàng)。

29.推理判斷題o由第四段“Andthebestwaytoincreaseyourdiversityistoeatawiderangeof

plantbasedfoods.Researchshowsthatpeoplewhohaveatleast30plantbasedelementsintheirdietevery

weekhaveawiderrangeofbacteriaintheirgut,andthat'slinkedtobetterweightmanagement,better

heartheathandbettermentalhealth.（增加多樣性的最好方法是吃各種各樣的植物性食物。研究表明，

每周飲食中至少含有30種植物性元素的人腸道細(xì)菌種類更廣，這與更好的體重管理、心臟健康和心

理健康有關(guān)）”可知，每周食用至少30種植物元素的人，他們的腸道中有更多種類的細(xì)菌，而細(xì)菌的

種類越多，與更多的體重管理，更好的心臟健康，更好的精神健康相關(guān)。故選C項(xiàng)。

30.推理判斷題。由文中最后一段"Theinfluenceofyourgutmicrobesgoesalotfurtherthanyoumight

think.Inthelast20years,we'velearnedthattheymunicateconstantlywiththebrain,perhapsevenhaving

controloveryourmoodandemotions.（腸道微生物的影響比你想象的要大得多。在過(guò)去的20年里，我

們已經(jīng)了解到它們不斷地與大腦交流，甚至可能控制你的情緒和情緒）”可知，下文作者可能會(huì)寫(xiě)腸

道微生物對(duì)于人類的精神健康的影響。故選B項(xiàng)。

31.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"Wenormallythinkofbacteriaasourenemies.Buttheyaren'tallbad.Our

bodiesarefullofthemanditturnsoutwecan'tlivewithoutthem.Fromthemomentwe5rebom,we

acquire,anddevelopaninternalecosystemofsymbioticbacteriaandothermicrobes（微生物）theyare

interdependentplayersinourbody.Infact,thereareroughlyasmanymicrobialcellsinourbodiesas

humancells.Thismicrobialworldiscalledourmicrobiome（微生物組）.（我們通常認(rèn)為細(xì)菌是我們的敵

人。但也不全是壞事。我們的身體充滿了它們，事實(shí)證明我們的生活不能沒(méi)有它們。從我們出生的

那一刻起，我們就獲得并發(fā)展了一個(gè)由共生細(xì)菌和其他微生物組成的內(nèi)部生態(tài)系統(tǒng)——它們是我們

體內(nèi)相互依存的參與者。事實(shí)上，我們體內(nèi)的微生物細(xì)胞和人體細(xì)胞一樣多。這個(gè)微生物世界被稱

為我們的微生物群）”以及縱觀全文可知，本文的主旨主要是講的腸道微生物對(duì)人類的健康的積極影

響，所以D項(xiàng)“Themicrobiome:Acontributortoourhealth（微生物群：對(duì)我們的健康有貢獻(xiàn)）”是本文

最好的標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。

D

Eachyear,theworldlosesabout10millionhectaresofforest-anareaaboutthesizeof

Iceland-becauseofcuttingdowntrees.Atthatrate,somescientistspredicttheworld'sforestscould

disappearin100to200years.Tohandleit,nowresearchersatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）

havepioneeredatechniquetogeneratewoodlikeplantmaterialsinalab.Thismakesitpossibleto"grow"

awoodenproductwithoutcuttingdowntrees.

Inthelab,theresearchersfirsttakecellsfromtheleavesofayoungplant.Thesecellsareculturedin

liquidmediumfortwodays,thenmovedtoanothermediumwhichcontainsnutrientsandtwodifferent

hormones.Byadjustingthehormonelevels,theresearcherscantunethephysicalandmechanicalqualities

ofthecells.Next,theresearchersusea3Dprintertoshapethecellbasedmaterial,andlettheshaped

materialgrowinthedarkforthreemonths.Finally,theresearchersdehydratethematerial,andthen

evaluateitsqualities.

Theyfoundthatlowerhormonelevelsleadtoplantmaterialswithmorerounded,opencellsoflower

density,whilehigherhormonelevelscontributetothegrowthofplantmaterialswithsmallerbutdenser

cellstructures.Lowerorhigherdensityofcellstructuresmakestheplantmaterialssofterormorerigid,

helpingthematerialsgrowwithdifferentwoodlikecharacteristics.Whafsmore,ifstobenotedthatthe

researchprocessisabout100timesfasterthanthetimeittakesforatreetogrowtomaturity!

Researchofthiskindisgroundbreaking.44Thisworkdemonstratesthegreatpowerofatechnology,

saysleadresearcher,JeffreyBerenstain.4tTherealopportunityhereistobeatitsbestwithwhatyouuse

andhowyouuseit.Thistechnologycanbetunedtomeettherequirementsyougiveaboutshapes,sizes,

rigidity,andforms.Itenablesusto'grow'anywoodenproductinawaythattraditionalagricultural

methodscan'tachieve.

32.WhydoresearchersatMITconducttheresearch?

A.Togrowmoretrees.B.Toprotectplantdiversity.

C.Toreducetreelosses.D.Topredictforestdisappearance.

33.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutthelabresearch?

A.Itstheoreticalbasis.B.Itskeyprocedures.

C.Itsscientificevidence.D.Itsusualdifficulties.

34.Whatdoesthefindingsuggestabouttheplantmaterials?

A.Thehormonelevelsaffecttheirrigidity.

B.Theyarebetterthannaturallygrownplants.

C.Theircells'shapesmainlyrelyontheirdensity.

D.Theirgrowthspeeddeterminestheircharacteristics.

35.WhyistheresearchgroundbreakingaccordingtoBerenstain?

A.Itusesnewbiologicalmaterialsinlabexperiments.

B.Itrevolutionizesthewaytomakewoodenproducts.

C.Itchallengestraditionalscientifictheoriesinforestry.

D.Ithasasignificantimpactonworldwideplantgrowth.

【答案】32.C33.B34.A35.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了為了避免砍伐樹(shù)木，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員開(kāi)創(chuàng)了一

種技術(shù)，在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里生產(chǎn)類似木材的植物材料。解釋了其實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程以及其積極意義。

32.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Eachyear,theworldlosesabout10millionhectaresofforest—anarea

aboutthesizeofIceland-becauseofcuttingdowntrees.Atthatrate,somescientistspredicttheworld's

forestscoulddisappearin100to200years.Tohandleit,nowresearchersatMassachusettsInstituteof

Technology（MIT）havepioneeredatechniquetogeneratewoodlikeplantmaterialsinalab.（每年，由于砍

伐樹(shù)木，世界上損失了大約1000萬(wàn)公頃的森林——面積約為冰島的大小。一些科學(xué)家預(yù)測(cè)，按照這

個(gè)速度，世界上的森林可能會(huì)在100至IJ200年內(nèi)消失。為了解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人

員開(kāi)創(chuàng)了一種技術(shù)，在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里生產(chǎn)類似木材的植物材料）”可知，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員進(jìn)行這

項(xiàng)研究是為了減少樹(shù)木損失。故選C。

33.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Inthelab,theresearchersfirsttakecellsfromtheleavesofayoungplant.

Thesecellsareculturedinliquidmediumfortwodays,thenmovedtoanothermediumwhichcontains

nutrientsandtwodifferenthormones.Byadjustingthehormonelevels,theresearcherscantunethe

physicalandmechanicalqualitiesofthecells.Next,theresearchersusea3Dprintertoshapethecellbased

material,andlettheshapedmaterialgrowinthedarkforthreemonths.Finally,theresearchersdehydrate

thematerial,andthenevaluateitsqualities.（在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里，研究人員首先從幼小植物的葉子上提取細(xì)胞。

這些細(xì)胞在液體培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)兩天，然后轉(zhuǎn)移到另一種含有營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)和兩種不同激素的培養(yǎng)基中。

通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)激素水平，研究人員可以調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞的物理和機(jī)械特性。接下來(lái)，研究人員使用3D打印機(jī)

來(lái)塑造細(xì)胞基材料，并讓成型的材料在黑暗中生長(zhǎng)三個(gè)月。最后，研究人員將材料脫水，然后評(píng)估

其質(zhì)量）”可知，第二段主要告訴我們關(guān)于實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究的關(guān)鍵程序。故選B。

34.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theyfoundthatlowerhormonelevelsleadtoplantmaterialswithmore

rounded,opencellsoflowerdensity,whilehigherhormonelevelscontributetothegrowthofplant

materialswithsmallerbut