初中英語(yǔ)作文基礎(chǔ)精講

書(shū)面表達(dá)基礎(chǔ)精講考試規(guī)律及考點(diǎn)介紹話題講練遣詞造句目錄PART

1考試規(guī)律及考點(diǎn)介紹書(shū)面表達(dá)在陜西省初中畢業(yè)考試英語(yǔ)科目中占15分，考查學(xué)生直接用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行比較簡(jiǎn)單的書(shū)面表達(dá)的能力。寫(xiě)作方向主要以活動(dòng)計(jì)劃、做法建議、寫(xiě)人敘事為主。分析近十年，可看出作文話題主要跟學(xué)生的學(xué)校生活、飲食健康、活動(dòng)計(jì)劃、人際交往及學(xué)習(xí)策略有關(guān)。評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第一檔：(14-15分)符合提議要求，表達(dá)完整，條理清晰，語(yǔ)句通順，語(yǔ)言正確無(wú)誤，大小寫(xiě)及標(biāo)點(diǎn)運(yùn)用得當(dāng)。全文結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密,完整，語(yǔ)言流暢。第二檔：(10-13分)符合題意要求，表達(dá)基本完整，條理較清晰，語(yǔ)句較通順，語(yǔ)言基本無(wú)誤，有語(yǔ)法或標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤，但句子較為通暢，文章思路清晰，邏輯推理正常。第三檔：(7-9分)基本符合題意要求，表達(dá)基本完整，條理較清晰，語(yǔ)句較通順。語(yǔ)法或者標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤較多，文章結(jié)構(gòu)不嚴(yán)密，但表達(dá)意思清楚。第四檔:(4-6分)基本符合題意要求，表達(dá)不清楚，語(yǔ)法或標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤過(guò)多。詞數(shù)不夠，語(yǔ)意表達(dá)不清晰，文章邏輯關(guān)系混亂。第五檔：(0-3分)能傳達(dá)給讀者些許信息；內(nèi)容太少，無(wú)法評(píng)判；寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容均與所要求內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)或所寫(xiě)內(nèi)容無(wú)法看清。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)齊全二.語(yǔ)言字?jǐn)?shù)語(yǔ)法拼寫(xiě)標(biāo)點(diǎn)三.組織結(jié)構(gòu)

高級(jí)詞匯及句型

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)1.認(rèn)真審題，確定要點(diǎn)

1）審題材—人，物，活動(dòng)

2）審體裁—確定文體和功能用語(yǔ)

3）審要點(diǎn)—可添加，但不可遺漏

4）審時(shí)態(tài)—是否存在多種時(shí)態(tài)

5）審人稱—第一人稱，第二人稱還是第三人稱。2.針對(duì)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，羅列翻譯重點(diǎn)。3.草擬提綱，理清思路。寫(xiě)作要求寫(xiě)作前1.語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，把握時(shí)態(tài)2.巧用過(guò)渡詞，行文連貫3.拼寫(xiě)正確，書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范，卷面整潔寫(xiě)作中常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤梳理寫(xiě)作后檢查半命題作文題目是否完整要點(diǎn)是否齊全人稱是否一致時(shí)態(tài)是否一致句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整有無(wú)拼寫(xiě)，標(biāo)點(diǎn)，大小寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤陜西歷年中考真題分析年份考察話題題目寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容2020做法建議類無(wú)如何愛(ài)護(hù)校園環(huán)境，健康生活2019做法建議類無(wú)處理書(shū)籍和筆記的計(jì)劃與理由2018敘事類無(wú)照顧五歲的妹妹Nana2017實(shí)物介紹Myfavorite_______我最歡的衣服2016活動(dòng)計(jì)劃類無(wú)去附近的村莊游玩2015敘事類Avisitto_______home走親訪友的經(jīng)歷2014觀點(diǎn)看法類無(wú)日常生活的不良現(xiàn)象2013活動(dòng)計(jì)劃類無(wú)組織助學(xué)，聯(lián)誼2012寫(xiě)人敘事無(wú)寫(xiě)好人好事2011活動(dòng)計(jì)劃類無(wú)外出學(xué)校旅行敘事寫(xiě)人活動(dòng)計(jì)劃寫(xiě)物話題建議觀點(diǎn)看法

PART2遣詞造句一.五大基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)

(2016陜西)

假如你是李明，你準(zhǔn)備和父母去附近的村莊游玩，請(qǐng)根據(jù)提示語(yǔ)，給恰逢來(lái)你學(xué)校交流學(xué)習(xí)的David寫(xiě)一封e-mail，邀請(qǐng)他一同前往。提示詞feedanimalspickfruitandvegetablesmaketealearntocookplaygamesIwillfeedanimals.1.主+謂+賓Iwillpickfruitandvegetables.Iwillmaketea.Iwilllearntocook.Iwillplaygames.2.主+系+表(2010陜西)

假如你是李林，你的美國(guó)筆友Sam要來(lái)你的家鄉(xiāng)，恰巧你不在，你想介紹一位與Sam志趣相投的同學(xué)劉凱接待他。請(qǐng)參考下表中Sam的相關(guān)信息，用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一份郵件，說(shuō)明劉凱的情況。Age16Hobbiessports,music,traveling…Personality(性格)honest,friendly,helpful…OtherinformationwanttolearnChinese,likeChineseculture…Heishonest.Heisfriendly.…3.主+謂+賓語(yǔ)1+賓語(yǔ)2（2019陜西）即將畢業(yè)的你，將如何處理初中階段的各種書(shū)籍和筆?E.g.Iamgoingtogivemytextbookstomyyoungercousins.（2020陜西）某英文網(wǎng)站開(kāi)展關(guān)于“美麗校園，健康生活”的征稿活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下圖示內(nèi)容積極投稿，倡導(dǎo)同學(xué)們“愛(ài)護(hù)校園環(huán)境，健康快樂(lè)活”。4.主+謂+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)提示詞：keeptheschoolcleane.g.:We

shouldkeeptheschoolclean.二.擴(kuò)句巧用時(shí)態(tài)巧用短語(yǔ)擴(kuò)句方式主語(yǔ)變身巧用從句主語(yǔ)變身both…and…就近原則notonly…butalso…就遠(yuǎn)原則togetherwithalongwithaswellas

2016陜西假如你是李明，你準(zhǔn)備和父母去附近的村莊游玩，請(qǐng)根據(jù)提示語(yǔ)，給恰逢來(lái)你學(xué)校交流學(xué)習(xí)的David寫(xiě)一封e-mail，邀請(qǐng)他一同前往。我準(zhǔn)備和我的父母去附近的村莊游玩。both…and….BothIandmyparentswillvisitthevillagenearby.notonly…butalso…NotonlyIbutalsomyparentswillvisitthevillagenearby.togetherwithI,togetherwithmyparents,willvisitthevillagenearby.alongwithI,alongwithmyparents,willvisitthevillagenearby.aswellasI,aswellasmyparents,willvisitthevillagenearby.巧用時(shí)態(tài)一般將來(lái)時(shí)will+v.原be

going

to+v.原be

to

+v.原be

about

to

+v.原planto+v.原我準(zhǔn)備和我的父母去附近的村莊游玩。I,togetherwithmyparents,willvisitthevillagenearby.will+v原be

going

to+v原be

to

+v原be

about

to

+v原planto+v原I,togetherwithmyparents,amgoingtovisitthevillagenearby.I,togetherwithmyparents,amtogotovisitthevillagenearby.I,togetherwithmyparents,amabouttovisitthevillagenearby.I,togetherwithmyparents,plantovisitthevillagenearby.

巧用短語(yǔ)

形容詞短語(yǔ)

介詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式形容詞短語(yǔ)happyandexcitedtiredbuthappynervousbutexcited…介詞短語(yǔ)withhappiness/excitementwithsb.inthemorning/afternoon/eveningonSunday/Saturday/attheweekend/weekdaysathome/bytheriver…動(dòng)詞不定式todo/inordertodosothat/inorderthatI,togetherwithmyparents,amabouttovisitthevillagenearby.我準(zhǔn)備和我的父母去附近的村莊游玩。I,togetherwithmyparents,amabouttovisitthevillagenearbyatthisweekendinordertorelaxourselveswithhappinessandexcitement.2018陜西上周日我和我的妹妹Nana在家玩游戲來(lái)進(jìn)行自我放松，我們非常開(kāi)心和激動(dòng)。Iplayedgames.IplayedgameswithmysisterNanaathometorelaxourselveslastSunday,happyandexcited.

巧用從句狀語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when,

while,

since,

before,

after,

until/till,assoonas2.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句though,

although,

evenif,

eventhough,

if3.條件狀語(yǔ)從句if,

unless,

aslongas4.原因狀語(yǔ)從句becauseIplayedgameswithmysisterNanaathometorelaxourselveslastSunday,happyandexcited.IplayedgameswithmysisterNanaathometorelaxourselveslastSundaywhenmyparentswerenotathome,happyandexcited.賓語(yǔ)從句IplayedgameswithmysisterNanaathometorelaxourselveslastSundaywhenmyparentswerenotathome,happyandexcited.Atthesametime,Ithinkthatitwasagoodchanceforustobeindependent.定語(yǔ)從句I,togetherwithmyparents,amabouttovisitthevillagenearbyatthisweekendinordertorelaxourselveswithhappinessandexcitement,whichwillbethemostinterestingandmeaningfulactivityatthisweekend.PART3話題講練記敘文活動(dòng)上午講故事，唱歌，……中午煮面（cooknoodles），休息（havearest），……下午玩游戲，看動(dòng)畫(huà)片（watchcartoons），……感受……2018陜西

假如你是李華，上周日你獨(dú)自在家照看你五歲的妹妹Nana，請(qǐng)根據(jù)表格內(nèi)容，寫(xiě)一篇短文。要求：1．參考表格內(nèi)容，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮；2．語(yǔ)句通順，意思連貫，書(shū)寫(xiě)工整；3．文章不得出現(xiàn)任何真實(shí)信息（姓名、校名和地名等）4．詞數(shù)：不少于70詞。（開(kāi)頭已給出，但不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。）LastSunday,myparentswerenotathome,soIlookedaftermy5-year-oldsisterNanaathome._________________________________________________________短語(yǔ)積累家庭活動(dòng)cookdinnerclean/tidyuptheroomdohouseworkdohomeworklookafter/carefor/takecareofwatchTVplaygamesholdabirthdaypartycampdance/singflykitesridebikestakephotosclimbmountainspickupflowerslearntodosth.practicedoingsth.出游活動(dòng)短語(yǔ)積累旅行travelgoonatripgotothebeachgofishinggoshoppingvisitthesciencemuseum

volunteertodosth.tellstorieshelptheoldtalkwith/chatwithplanttreeswaterflowerscollectlitter志愿者活動(dòng)短語(yǔ)積累學(xué)校活動(dòng)playbasketball/football/volleyball…playthepianobeinterestedinwiththehelpof…makeprogresstakepartincommunicatewithteachersandclassmatesshareproblems

審題人稱:第一人稱時(shí)態(tài):一般過(guò)去時(shí)要點(diǎn)文體:記敘文首段:點(diǎn)明主題,引出下文正文:詳細(xì)敘述活動(dòng)尾段:表達(dá)感受謀篇布局首段:點(diǎn)明主題,引出下文開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山型Sb.(withsb.)didsth.+地點(diǎn)+時(shí)間.did:visited/had/paidavisitto

某人／地方.

enjoyedawonderfultripto+地方withsb.

e.g.上周日我獨(dú)自在家照看我五歲的妹妹Nana。Ilookedaftermy5-year-oldsisterNanaatourhomebymyselflastSunday.What

would

youdoifsb.did

sth? 設(shè)置懸念型e.g.假如你的父母不在家，那你會(huì)怎么做呢？Whatwouldyoudoifyourparentswerenotathome?以情動(dòng)人型1.(Lookingbackonthepast,)Ican'thelpsmiling/feelingwarm/moved/happywhenIrememberthat+sb.didsth+時(shí)間/地點(diǎn).2.Everyonehastheirownunforgettablememory.Tome,ithappened

(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)).Icanstillrememberitclearly.Lookingbackonthepast,Ican'thelpfeelinghappywhenIrememberthatIspentawonderfuldaywithmysisterNana.e.g.回顧過(guò)去，當(dāng)我想起我和我妹娜娜度過(guò)了愉快的一天，我就忍不住感到開(kāi)心。1.HereiswhatIdidthatday.Now,Iwouldliketo/I’meagertoshareitwithyou.2.Wedidthefollowingthingstospend/enrichouractivity/day.過(guò)渡句正文:詳細(xì)敘述活動(dòng)2.Whilesb.wasdoingsth.

,sb.wasdoingsth..1.sb.didsth.+地點(diǎn)+心情.當(dāng)我妹妹休息的時(shí)候，我正在煮西紅柿雞蛋面。MysisterandIsangsongstogetherathomehappilyandItoldmanyinterestingstoriestoher.我和我妹在家一起開(kāi)心地唱歌，然后我給她講了很多有趣的故事。WhileIwascookingnoodleswithtomatoesandeggs,mysisterwashavingarest.4.Sb.didsth.assoonassb.didsth.5.Itwasthefirsttimethatsb.haddonesth.這是我第一次單獨(dú)和我妹待在一起。ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadstayedwithmysisteralone.Westoppedplayingandwatchingassoonasmyparentscameintotheroom.我爸媽一進(jìn)門我們就停止了玩耍。Wedidn’tstopplayinggamesandwatchingcartonsuntilmyparentscamebackhome.直到我父母回來(lái)，我們才停止玩游戲和看動(dòng)畫(huà)片。3.Sb.didn’tdosth.untilsb.didsth.先后順序起始：atfirst…/atthebeginning…/tobeginwith過(guò)程：afterthat…/then…/later/besides/what’smore最后：atlast…/finally/intheend時(shí)間序列詞早中晚inthe

morning/onSundaymorningatnoonintheafternoonintheevening正文模板Wedidthefollowingthingstospend/enrichouractivity/day.Atfirst,.sb.didsth.+地點(diǎn)+心情.Afterthat,Whilesb.wasdoingsth.,sb.wasdoingsth...Inthisactivity,doingXXwasthehappiest/mostmeaningfulthinginouractivity.What’smore,Sb.didn’tdosth.untilsb.didsth.Intheend,Sb.didsth.assoonassb.didsth.

Itwasthefirsttimethatsb.haddonesth.Wedidthefollowingthingstospend/enrichouractivity/day.Atfirst,MysisterandIsangsongstogetherathomehappilyandItoldmanyinterestingstoriestoher.Afterthat,WhileIwascookingnoodleswithtomatoesandeggs,mysisterwashavingarest.

Inthisactivity,helpingmysisterwithherhomeworkwasthehappiest/mostmeaningfulthinginouractivity.What’smore,Wedidn’tstopplayinggamesandwatchingcartonsuntilmyparentscamebackhome.Intheend,Westoppedplayingandwatchingassoonasmyparentscameintotheroom.ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadstayedwithmysisteralone.尾段：表達(dá)感受1.Whatapleasantdaywehad!AlthoughIwastiredthatday,Ifeltveryhappy.I'mlookingforwardtodoingsth.againnexttime.2.Doingsth.isasmallthing,butinmyheartitisabighappiness.Happinessisalwaysaroundyouifyouputyourheartintoit.1.Whatanunforgettablethingitisinmylife!2.ThedayisoneofthemostunforgettabledaysinmymindthatIwillneverforgetit.歡樂(lè)型難忘型1.Itwasmorethananexperience! Allinall,Ibenefitedalotfromtoday’sactivity.2.I’velearnedalotfromthisexperience,whichbenefitsmealot.意義型用于志愿性活動(dòng)（做好事）結(jié)尾場(chǎng)景句型擴(kuò)充1.IwassoproudtohavedonewhatIcouldforthisvolunteeractivity.Allinall,I'velearnedmorethanIcansay.I'lvalueitforever.2.Throughthisactivity,Irealizethatit'snoteasybutmeaningfultobeavolunteer.3.IcouldnotonlydowhatIlovetodobutalsohelpothers.用于戶外活動(dòng)（學(xué)校）1.Inmyopinion,theseactivitiescannotonlymakeourlifecolorfulbutalsoletusrelax.2.Ithinkthisactivityofferedme/usagoodexperiencetodevelopabilitiesaswellasopenourmind.全文模板

(Lookingbackonthepast,)Ican'thelpsmiling/feelingwarm/moved/happywhenIrememberthat+sb.didsth+時(shí)間/地點(diǎn).Wedidthefollowingthingstospend/enrichouractivity/day.Atfirst,.sb.didsth.+地點(diǎn)+心情.Afterthat,Whilesb.wasdoingsth.,sb.wasdoingsth...Inthisactivity,doingXXwasthehappiest/mostmeaningfulthinginouractivity.What’smore,Sb.didn’tdosth.untilsb.didsth.Intheend,Sb.didsth.assoonassb.didsth.Itwasthefirsttimethatsb.haddonesth.ThedayisoneofthemostunforgettabledaysinmymindthatIwillneverforgetit.活動(dòng)計(jì)劃類2016陜西短語(yǔ)積累出行方式bycar/bus/planetakethebus/train/subway/boat/ship/planerideabikeonfoot/walk時(shí)間安排summervacationNewYear’sDayMid-AutumnDayfrom9o’clockto12o’clock活動(dòng)安排haveapicnicgoshoppinggoforawalk milkacowrideahorse feedchickenstakephotos rowaboatgofishing climbthemountainsplaysomegames gosightseeing注意安全：pay(close/great)attentiontooursafety遵守紀(jì)律：followtheorders/instructions按時(shí)回來(lái)：besuretocomebackontime.記錄沿途風(fēng)景：recordalongthewonderfulview.萬(wàn)能句型審題人稱：第一人稱時(shí)態(tài)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)首段：引出活動(dòng)+發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)中段：細(xì)節(jié)描述尾段：呼應(yīng)主題首段：引出活動(dòng)誰(shuí)打算（在什么時(shí)間什么地點(diǎn)）干啥？1.Sb.willdo

sth(withsb.)+(地點(diǎn)+時(shí)間).2.Bothsb.andsb.aregoingtopayavisitto

某人/地+(地點(diǎn)+時(shí)間).BothIandmyparentswillpayavisittoavillagenearbyatthisweekend.e.g.我和我父母這個(gè)周末將去附近的村莊游玩。發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)1.Wouldsb.liketodosth.withsb.?2.Iwouldliketoinviteyoutodosth.,because+原因e.g.Wehaven’tseeneachotherforawhile.3.ThereasonwhyIwouldliketoinviteyoutodosth.isthat…e.g.Itisoneofthe+adj.最高級(jí)+名（復(fù)數(shù)）thatI’veeverseen/heard/met/experienced.e.g.我為什么想邀請(qǐng)你和我們一起去，是因?yàn)檫@是我見(jiàn)到的最漂亮的村莊之一。ThereasonwhyIwouldliketoinviteyoutogowithusisthatitisoneofthemostbeautifulvillagesthatI’veeverseen.BothIandmyparentswillpayavisittoavillagenearbyatthisweekend.ThereasonwhyIwouldliketoinviteyoutogowithusisthatitisoneofthemostbeautifulvillagesthatI’veeverseen.首段中間段：細(xì)節(jié)描述承上啟下1.Hereismyplanfor…(例如:thisweekend/activity)2.Wecandothefollowingthings…(tospendourweekend/holiday)3.Nowletmetell/sharesomethingabout+活動(dòng)(或用it代替之前內(nèi)容).4.Wecandothefollowingthingstoenrich…(ouractivity).

Wecandothefollowingthingstoenrichouractivity.Atfirst,wecandosth..Afterthat,itisagoodideatodosth.(becauseIamsointerestedinsth./doingsth.).Besides,Ithinkdoingsth.willbethemostmeaningfulthinginouractivity.Then,wewilldosth..Atlast,let’sdosth.togetherandwewillenjoyourselves.中間段模板

Wecandothefollowingthingstoenrichouractivity.Atfirst,wecanpickfruitandvegetables.Afterthat,itisagoodideatolearntocook.Besides,Ithinkfeedinganimalsisthemostmeaningfulthinginouractivity.Then,wewillchatwiththevillagers.Atlast,let’splaygamestogetherandwewillenjoyourselves.尾段：呼應(yīng)主題1.I’mreallylookingforwardtospendingawonderful/anunforgettabledaywith