高中英語必修1Unit5Section1課時達標訓(xùn)練

話題背景搶先知HowtogetchildreninterestedinscienceIt'sespeciallyfunandeasytotakepartinyourchild'sscienceeducation.Youdon'tneedtobeascientist,orhavelotsoffactsinyourhead.Allyouneedisaloveofdiscovery.Showyourchildthatit'sgoodtobecuriousandtoaskquestions.Thiswillgivehimconfidenceinhisownabilitytoexplore.Herearesomewaystogetinvolved：BetheexampleShowhimhowcuriousyouare.Letyourownsenseofdiscoveryguideyourexploration.Showanattitudeofopennesstolearning.Showthefunofexplorationandthejoyoflearningnewthings.PointitoutScienceisallaroundyou.Findfunwaysofshowingyourchildthescienceofhereverydaylife.It'sincooking,cleaning,buildingafireinthefireplace.It'sintheyard,thegarageandthebasement.Thenightsky,themorningdew,therisingandsettingofthemoonandsun;it'sallscience.TeachobservationChildrenaresurroundedwithnewinformation.Itcanbealottotakein.Butthey'realwayslooking,andalwayslistening.Teachyourchildtopaycloserattentiontodetails.Whenheseessomethingnew,askhimtonoticethesize,theshape,thecolor,thesmell,andthesound.Teachhimtotakeamomenttonoticethings.Youcanevenencouragehimtotakenotesofthethingsheseeseachday.,[閱讀障礙詞]discoveryn．發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)覺；被發(fā)現(xiàn)的事物confidencen．信心；信任；秘密explorev．勘查；探索attituden.態(tài)度；看法surroundvt.包圍，圍繞observationn．觀察encouragevt.促進；支持；鼓勵Ⅰ.Matchthewordwithitsmeaning.1．conclusionA．普通的；平常的2．reactB．階段；時期3．mixtureC．膨脹4．electricityD．液體5．floatE．設(shè)備；裝備6．expandF．煮；煮沸7．ordinaryG．結(jié)論8．boilH．反應(yīng)9．equipmentI．電10．liquidJ．收縮11．contractK．漂浮12．stageL．混合物答案：1～6GHLIKC7～12AFEDJBⅡ.Writedownthemeaningofphrasesineachsentence.1．YouknowthefirstthingIthoughtofwhenIwokeup?想起；想到2．Theyneedtointerviewsomepeopleandfindoutiftheyliketheirjobs._查明3．Hehadevenbeenkeptoutofschoolduringthebusiestseasons.置身于外4．Hehurriedmeintoputtingmyownhouseinorderfirst.整理5．Inconclusion,Iwishthismeetingeverysuccess.最后6．Ironreactswithwaterandairtoproducerust.與……發(fā)生反應(yīng)7．Doyouwanttoaddyournametothelist?把……加到……Matchthefollowingobjectswiththeirnames.A．crucibleB．beaker&glassrodC．a(chǎn)lcoholburnerD．microscopeE．tongsF．testtubeG．balance答案：①～⑦EDBCFGAⅠ.Fastreading1．SkimthepassageAandwritedownthemainideaofit.The_reaction_of_metals_with_different_substances.2．SkimpassageBandwritedownthemainideaofeachpart.(1)Part1Iron_in_dry_air．(2)Part2Iron_in_air-free_water．(3)Part3Iron_in_ordinary_water．Ⅱ.Careful-readingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.PassageA1．Thefirstsentence“Itishardtothinkofaworldwithoutmetals.”willmakeusthink_______．A．metalsmakeuptheworldB．metalsplayagreatlyimportantroleintheworldC．therewouldbenoworldiftherewerenometalsD．itisdifficultforustoliveintheworldofmetals2．Thetableinthepassageisarrangedinorderof________．A．metalkindsB．reactionactivitiesC．valuesofmetalD．thefirstlettersofthewords3．Anoxideisa________．A．newkindofmetalsB．kindofgasesC．productofthereactionD．factor(因素)ofachemicalreaction4．Accordingtothetable,whichmetalismostsuitabletomakeourdailykitchenware(廚房)?A．Zinc.B．Iron.C．Copper.D．Magnesium.PassageB5．WhichisNOTtheapparatus(儀器)thatisrequiredintheexperimentof“Ironindryair”？A．Cottonwool.B．Oil.C．Ironnails.D．Testtubeholder.6．Whichisrequiredasoneoftheapparatusintheexperimentof“Ironinordinarywater”？A．Oil.B．Cotton.C．Bunsenburner.D．Testtubeholder.7．Thepurposeofthesethreeexperimentsistofindouthow________．A．ironreactswithwaterandairB．importantironisC．dotheexperimentofiron'sreactionwithwaterandairD．tokeepironrustless答案：1～4BBCC5～7BDDⅢ.StudyreadingAnalyzethedifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Differentmetalshavedifferentuses,forexample,steelisusedincars,andironisusedinelectricalequipment.[句式分析]在該句中forexample為插入語，后面接的是由并列連詞and連接的兩個簡單句，其中兩個簡單句中“主語＋isused...”是被動語態(tài)。[嘗試翻譯]不同的金屬有不同的用途，比如，鋼材被用于汽車中，鐵被用于電器設(shè)備中。2．Whenweusemetals,itisimportanttoknowhowtheyreactwithdifferentsubstances,forexample,waterandoxygen.[句式分析]Whenweusemetals是時間狀語從句，it為形式主語，真正的主語是后邊的動詞不定式toknowhow...。[嘗試翻譯]當(dāng)我們使用金屬時，了解它們與不同的物質(zhì)如何反應(yīng)很重要，比如，水和氧氣。3．Hereisatablewiththemetalsthatreactmostatthetop,andthemetalsthatreactleastatthebottom.[句式分析]此句為倒裝句。here置于句首，主語為名詞，此時要將謂語動詞放在主語前構(gòu)成倒裝。兩個that從句都是定語從句，修飾前面的先行詞metals。atthetop和atthebottom在句中作賓補。[嘗試翻譯]這里有一個表格，反應(yīng)最強的金屬在上面，反應(yīng)最弱的在下面。[對應(yīng)學(xué)生課時達標訓(xùn)練(十七)]閱讀理解AChemicalChangeandPhysicalChangeTherearetwokindsofchanges—chemicalchangeandphysicalchange.Inachemicalchange,thereisalwaysanewsubstanceformed.Breakingupwaterintohydrogenandoxygenisachemicalchange.Ineachofthechemicalchangeatleastonenewsubstanceisformed.Achangeisnotachemicalchangeifitdoesn'tformanewsubstance.Physicalchangesareverymon,too.Therearemanyexamples.Youcanmakeaphysicalchangebytearingapieceofpaperintotwo,orbycuttingapieceofironwithlathe(機床).Herepaperisstillpaper,andtheironisstilliron.Anotherwayofmakingphysicalchangeisdissolvingsomethinginwater.Whenyoudissolvesaltinwater,thesaltdisappears.Youmaythinkthatanewsubstancehasbeenformed.Butreallythereisnonewsubstance.Thesaltisstillsalt.Youcanstilltasteit.Sothedissolvingofanythingisaphysicalchange.Whenwaterfreezes,thechangeisalsoaphysicalone.Thewaterchangesfromliquidtosolid,butitisstillthesamesubstance.Thatiswhythefreezingofanythingisaphysicalchange.語篇解讀：本文主要講了兩種變化——化學(xué)變化和物理變化。1．Thedissolvingofsaltinwateris________．A．a(chǎn)physicalchangeB．a(chǎn)chemicalchangeC．hydrogenandoxygenD．breakingup解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，尤其是最后一句可知：溶解任何東西都是物理變化。2．Thechangeofthethreestatesofwateris________．A．a(chǎn)chemicalchangeB．differentsubstancesC．a(chǎn)physicalchangeD．thesamestate解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。從文章最后一段得知水從液體變?yōu)楣腆w或變?yōu)闅怏w，并沒有生成一種新的物質(zhì)，仍是同一種物質(zhì)，因此水的三種形態(tài)變化屬于物理變化。3．Wecanseparateachemicalchangefromaphysicaloneby________．A．thechangeofshapeB．thechangeofcolorC．newly-producedsmokeD．newly-formedsubstances解析：選D推理判斷題。由第二段可知在化學(xué)變化中有新物質(zhì)產(chǎn)生，只要沒有新物質(zhì)產(chǎn)生就不是化學(xué)變化。由此得知：判斷是化學(xué)變化還是物理變化的依據(jù)是看是否有新物質(zhì)產(chǎn)生。4．Ifyouchangewaterintohydrogen,itis________．A．a(chǎn)physicalchangeB．a(chǎn)chemicalchangeC．a(chǎn)physicalandchemicalchangeD．notachange解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知：把水分解成氫氣和氧氣，是一個化學(xué)變化。BTherearemanyinterestingscienceexperimentsoutthereforyoungkids.Youcanwowyourfriendsandteacherswiththem.Allyouhavetodoistoputalittleeffortintoitandyoushouldhavenoproblemingupwithaninterestingscienceexperiment.Onesuchexperimentistoshowyourfriendsandteachersthatyoucanmakemothballs(樟腦丸)dance!Ifyouwanttodoit,first,besurethatyouhavegotallthenecessarysciencekitsforyourscienceexperiment.Whatyouneedforthisexperimentisaglassfilledhalffullwithwater.Addalittlebitofvinegar(醋)toyourglassofwater,about1/3or1/4ofacup(60ml),andoneteaspoon(10ml)ofbakingsoda,andthencarefullystirthemixture.Dropafewmothballsintotheglassandhaveyouraudiencewatch.Aslongasthesurfacesofthemothballsbeefairlyrough,theyshouldbegintobounceupanddownintheglass.Youcanalsodoasimilarexperimentwithraisins(葡萄干)andclearpop,_suchasSprite.Inthisexperiment,allyouhavetodoistofillaglasswithSpriteanddropafewraisinsintoit.TheraisinsshouldbegintobounceupanddownintheglassofSprite.YoucanalsoreplacetheraisinswithmothballsandyoushouldgetthesameeffectintheSprite.ThisprojectworksbecausetheirregularsurfacesofthemothballsandtheraisinsholdsomeCO2bubbles(氣泡),causingthemtobounceupanddowninadancingmotion.語篇解讀：文章向我們介紹了如何做簡單且有趣的科學(xué)實驗。5．Thewriterwrotethispassageto________．A．explainwhysomescienceexperimentsareeasyB．encouragepeopletospendmoretimeonscienceC．tellushowgoodheisatdoingscienceexperimentsD．teachkidshowtodoaneasyandinterestingscienceexperiment解析：選D作者意圖題。通讀全文，可知作者主要向我們介紹怎么做一個簡單而有趣的科學(xué)實驗，故選D。6．Whatisthemostprobablenameoftheexperiment?A．Producingmothballs.B．Dancingmothballs.C．Changingmothballs.D．Swimmingmothballs.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Onesuchexperimentistoshowyourfriendsandteachersthatyoucanmakemothballs(樟腦丸)dance！”可知選“跳舞的樟腦丸”最好。7．Whichofthefollowingthingsareneededintheexperiment?a．bakingsodab．waterc．mothballsd．salte．vinegarf．sugarA．bcefB．a(chǎn)cdeC．a(chǎn)bcdD．a(chǎn)bce解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“aglassfilledhalffullwithwater.Addalittlebitofvinegar(醋)toyourglassofwater,about1/3or1/4ofacup(60ml),andoneteaspoon(10ml)ofbakingsoda”可知應(yīng)選D。8．Theunderlinedword“pop”inParagraph4probablyrefersto“________”．A．a(chǎn)mothballB．a(chǎn)kindofvinegarC．a(chǎn)drinkwithbubblesD．a(chǎn)specialkindofraisin解析：選C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后“suchasSprite”以及“holdsomeCO2bubbles”可知pop在這里是指含有二氧化碳的飲料。CMonthlyTalksatLondonCanalMuseumOurmonthlytalksstartat19：30onthefirstThursdayofeachmonthexceptAugust.Admissionisatnormalchargesandyoudon'tneedtobook.Theyendaround21：00.November7thTheCanalPioneers,byChrisLewis.JamesBrindleyisrecognizedasoneoftheleadingearlycanalengineers.Hewasalsoamajorplayerintrainingothersintheartofcanalplanningandbuilding.ChrisLewiswillexplainhowBrindleymadesuchapositivecontributiontotheeducationofthatgroupofearly“civilengineers”.December5thIcefortheMetropolis,byMalcolmTucker.Wellbeforethearrivaloffreezers,therewasademandforiceforfoodpreservationandcatering,Malcolmwillexplainthehistoryofimportingnaturaliceandthetechnologyofbuildingicewells,andhowLondon'sicetradegrew.February6thAnUpdateontheCotswordCanals,byLizPayne.TheSmoudwaterCanalismovingtowardsreopening.TheThamesandSevernCanalwilltakealittlelonger.Wewillhaveareportonthepresentstateofplay.March6thEyotsandAits-ThamesIslands,byMirandaVickers.TheThameshadmanyislands.Mirandahasundertakenareviewofallofthem.Shewilltellusaboutthoseofgreatestinterest.Onlinebookings：.uk/bookMoreinto：.uk/whatsonLondonCanalMuseum12－13NewWharfRoad,LondonNI9RT.ukcanalmuseum.mobiTel:02077130836語篇解讀：文章主要介紹了在倫敦運河博物館每個月的講座安排。內(nèi)容包括講座的時間、做講座的人以及講座內(nèi)容的簡介。9．WhenisthetalkonJamesBrindley?A．February6th.B．March6th.C．November7th.D．December5th.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句“JamesBrindleyisrecognizedasoneoftheleadingearlycanalengineers.”可知所對應(yīng)的日期是November7th，故選C。10．WhatisthetopicofthetalkinFebruary?A．TheCanalPioneers.B．IcefortheMetropolis.C．EyotsandAits-ThamesIslands.D．AnUpdateontheCotswordCanals.解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“AnUpdateontheCotswordCanals,byLizPayne.TheSmoudwaterCanalismovingtowardsreopening.”可以得出答案，故選D。11．WhowillgivethetalkontheislandsintheThames?A．MirandaVickers.B．MalcolmTucker.C．ChrisLewis.D．LizPayne.解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段第一句“EyotsandAits-ThamesIslands,byMirandaVickers.”可知做報告的人是MirandaVickers，故選A。eq\a\vs4\al([課文對譯])PassageAItishardtothinkofaworldwithoutmetals.Differentmetalshavedifferentuses,forexample,steelisusedincars,andironisusedinelectricalequipment.Whenweusemetals,itisimportanttoknowhowtheyreactwithdifferentsubstances,forexample,waterandoxygen.Thereactionofmetalswiththesesubstancescanbeputinorder.Hereisatablewiththemetalsthatreactmostatthetop,andthemetalsthatreactleastatthebottom.MetalHeatedinoxygenReactionwithwaterorsteamPotassiumBurnstoformanoxide*ReactingwithcoldwaterSodiumCalciumMagnesiumReactingwithsteamAluminiumZincIronReactsslowlyPartialreactionCopperPartialreactionNoreaction*anoxide＝anothersubstance＋oxygenPassageBASimpleScientificExperimentBelowisadescriptionofasimplescientificexperiment.Itshowsushowironreactswithairandwithwater.Aim：Tofindoutifironrusts(a)indryair;(b)inwaterthathasnoairinit(air-freewater)；(c)inordinarywater.Apparatus：3cleanironnails;testtubes;testtubeholder;cottonwool;oil;Bunsenburner.IronindryairMethod(1)Putsomeironnailsatthebottomofatesttube