2022年中考英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案被動(dòng)語態(tài)

⑥有些動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣上只用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：Hewasborninthiscity.他出生在這個(gè)城市。三、主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換(1)主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語變化規(guī)則:主語和賓語交換位置,及物動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)形式。主動(dòng)語態(tài):Theyplantedatree.被動(dòng)語態(tài):Atreewasplantedbythem.賓語變主語be+過去分詞主語變?yōu)閎y...[用法口訣]賓變主，主變賓，謂語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)。(2)主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(人)+直接賓語(物)變化規(guī)則:①將間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語,保留直接賓語;②將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語,保留間接賓語,但是間接賓語前須加介詞to/for。若間接賓語作被動(dòng)句中的主語,則無需加介詞。主動(dòng)語態(tài):Myunclegavemesomenewstamps.主語謂語間接賓語直接賓語被動(dòng)語態(tài):Iwasgivensomenewstampsbymyuncle..主語謂語直接賓語間接賓語Somenewstampsweregiventomebymyuncle.主語謂語間接賓語(3)主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語變化規(guī)則:主語和賓語交換位置,原來的賓語補(bǔ)足語保留下來,謂語動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)形式。主動(dòng)語態(tài):Isawhim<run>ontheroadjustnow.主語謂語賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語被動(dòng)語態(tài):Hewasseenbyme<run>ontheroadjustnow.主語謂語賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語四、五種常用時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成1.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+doneEg:AmycantakegoodcareofGina.Ginacanbetakengoodcareof(byAmy).2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+done.Eg:Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.3.一般過去時(shí)：was/were+doneEg:Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.4.一般將來時(shí)：will+be+doneEg:Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has+been+doneEg:Ihavepaintedthepicturefor2weeks.Thepicturehasbeenpainted(byme)for2weeks.考點(diǎn)一：五種常用時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：Youmustturnoffthelights.—→Thelights(byme).Jimcoulddoityesterday.—→It(byJim)yesterday.2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：PeoplespeakEnglishasthefirstlanguageinUK.English(bypeople)asthefirstlanguageinUK.WemakethesemachinesinShanghai.—→Thesemachines(byus)inShanghai.3.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.—→Thetallbuilding(bythem)lastyear.Theyplantedmanytreesyearsago.—→Manytrees(bythem)treesyearsago.4.一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：Lucywilldothehomeworkintheevening.Thehomework(byLucy)intheevening.Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Asportsmeeting(byus)nextweek.5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：Tomhasdonehishomework.—→Hishomework(byTom).Jimhasfinishedthework.—→Thework(byJim).考點(diǎn)二：被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的特殊情況1.不及物動(dòng)詞帶介詞和介詞賓語時(shí)，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，仍然要帶上介詞。主動(dòng)句：Thestudentslistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.被動(dòng)句：Theteacherislistenedtocarefully(bythestudents)inclass.主動(dòng)句：Theylookafterthenewstudentsintheschool.被動(dòng)句：Thenewstudentsarelookedafter(bythem)intheschool.2.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞帶有復(fù)合賓語(有賓補(bǔ)),并且賓補(bǔ)是省去“to”的動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中應(yīng)加上“to”主動(dòng)句：Theymakeusdoallthework.被動(dòng)句：Wearemadetodoallthework(bythem).主動(dòng)句：Weoftenhearhersingsongs.被動(dòng)句：Sheisoftenheardtosingsongs(byus).主動(dòng)句：Isawhimwalktoschool.被動(dòng)句：Hewasseentowalktoschool(byme).注意：這些動(dòng)詞真奇怪，主動(dòng)句中to離開，被動(dòng)句中to回來。（let，have，make，feel，see,watch,hear,notice…)3.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞帶雙賓語時(shí)(一個(gè)賓語是指人，一個(gè)是指物)，將其中指人的賓語提前作被動(dòng)句的主語時(shí)，另一個(gè)賓語按順序照抄下來；如是將指物的賓語提前作被動(dòng)句的主語，在被動(dòng)句中則指人賓語前應(yīng)加“to”或“for”。常見加to的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive，send,teach，write,show,pass,ask,tell…常見加for的動(dòng)詞有make,draw,buy…主動(dòng)句：Hegivesmeaflowereveryday.被動(dòng)1Iamgivenaflower(byhim)everyday.被動(dòng)2Aflowerisgiventome(byhim)everyday.主動(dòng)句：Mymotherboughtmeacomputer.被動(dòng)1Iwasboughtacomputer(bymymother).被動(dòng)2Acomputerwasboughtforme(bymymother).同步練習(xí)：1.Tomlooksatthelovelydog.—→Thelovelydog(byTom.)2.HenoticedKatecomeintheroom.—→Katecomeintheroom(byhim).3.Mumletmewatertheseflowers.—→Iwatertheseflowers(bymum).4.JacksentmeanE-mailyesterday.—→IanE-mail(byJack)yesterday.AnE-mailme(byJack)yesterday.考點(diǎn)三：主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)意義1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive等詞作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)若是和well,easily,smoothly等修飾詞連用,用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義。例如:Thiskindofshirtsellswellamongteenagers.這款襯衫在青少年中很暢銷。look,sound,taste,smell等系動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)意義。例如:Thehamburgertastesdelicious.這個(gè)漢堡嘗起來很美味。beworthdoing中的doing表示被動(dòng)意義。例如:Herexperienceisworthlearningfrom.她的經(jīng)歷值得學(xué)習(xí)。4.want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+tobedone.(tobedone是不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))例如:T