高級英語第一冊第九課省公共課一等獎全國賽課獲獎?wù)n件

Lesson9

MarkTwain---MirrorofAmerica

by

NoelGrove

制作人：趙霞MarkTwain(1835-1910)第1頁BackgroundInformationMarkTwainIntroductionofhismajorworksTheGildedAgeandTheGoldRush第2頁Abouttheauthor

SamuelLanghorneClemens(November30,1835–April21,1910),betterknownbythepennameMarkTwain,wasanAmericanhumorist,satirist,writer,andlecturer.TwainismostnotedforhisnovelsAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnandTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.ClemenswasawellknownauthorintheUnitedStates,apopularcomedianandmonologist,andfriendtopresidents,artists,leadingindustrialists,andEuropeanroyalty.MarkTwain'sAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnhasbeencalledaGreatAmericanNovel.

Heenjoyedimmensepublicpopularityandhiskeenwitandincisivesatireearnedhimpraisefrombothcriticsandpeers.AmericanauthorWilliamFaulknercalledTwain"thefatherofAmericanliterature.”第3頁IntroductionofhismajorworksMarkTwainwrotenovelsprincipally,healsowroteshortstories,speeches,andnon-fictionsTheGildedAge(1873),TheAdventuresofTomSawyer(1876),ThePrinceandthePauper(1881),AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(1884),AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur'sCourt(1889)TheTragedyofPudd'nheadWilson(1894)第4頁

Healsowrotesomeautobiographicalworks,including

TheInnocentsAbroad(1869),ATrampAbroad(1880),LifeontheMississippi(1883),MarkTwain'sAutobiography.第5頁

TheGildedAgeandTheGoldRush

TheGildedAge(1873),whichfollowedRoughingIt,wasTwain'sfirstnovel.HewroteitwithhisfriendandfellowHartfordwriter,CharlesDudleyWarner.ThetitlereferstothedecadesfollowingtheCivilWar.Thisbooksatirizestheselfishnessandmoney-makingschemesthatwerecommonduringthattime.

第6頁第7頁"Whatisthechiefendofman?--togetrich.Inwhatway?--dishonestlyifwecan;honestlyifwemust."

--MarkTwain-1871第8頁

ThesagaofAmericanwealthcreation,bothforthenationandforitsenterprisingcapitalists,reacheditspeakduringtheGildedAge,aperiodroughlydelimitedbytheendofCivilWarandthebeginningofWorldWarI.InAmerica,thisperiodwascharacterizedbyseeminglyboundlesseconomicexpansionandtheemergenceofanewnation,whichhadcompletedtheconquestofitsvastWesternterritoriesandtakentheleadamongothernations,inindustryandtrade.

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Duringthe"GildedAge,"everymanwasapotentialAndrewCarnegie,andAmericanswhoachievedwealthcelebrateditasneverbefore.InNewYork,theopera,thetheatre,andlavishpartiesconsumedtherulingclass'leisurehours.

Whiletherichworediamonds,manyworerags.RuralAmericansandnewimmigrantscrowdedintourbanareas.Tenementsspreadacrosscitylandscapes,teemingwithcrimeandfilth.Americanshadsewingmachines,phonographs,skyscrapers,andevenelectriclights,yetmostpeoplelaboredintheshadowofpoverty.第10頁LifeontheMississippi

(1883)

LifeontheMississippi

(1883)describesthehistory,sights,people,andlegendsofthesteamboatsandtownsoftheMississippiRiverregion.Inthemostvividpassages,chapters4through17,Twainrecalledhisownpilotingdays.ThesechaptershadoriginallybeenpublishedintheAtlanticMonthlyin1875as"OldTimesontheMississippi."

第11頁

TheCaliforniaGoldRush

(1848to1859)

TheGoldRushwasoneofthemostsignificanteventsinCaliforniahistory.ItbroughtpeoplefromallovertheUnitedStatesandtheworldinsearchforgold.第12頁FollowingthediscoveryofgoldinCaliforniain1848,theworldrushedin.EagergoldseekersheadedsouthfromOregon;northfromMexico,Chile,andPeru;eastfromChinaandtheislandsofthePacific;andwestfromeverystateintheunionandcountriesthroughoutEurope.Thisrichnessofintersectingfrontiersproducedthemostethnicallydiverseregioninthenation第13頁StructureofthetextPart1:(par.1)AgeneralintroductionofMarkTwainPart2:(par.2-20)MarkTwain'smainexperiencesandworksPart3:(par.21-22)Marktwain'sdisappointmentinhumanlifeinlateryears第14頁

DetailedStudyofthetext

Part1:(Para.1)

Part1:(par.1)AgeneralintroductionofMarkTwainIntroductionThefirstparagraphservesasanintroductionofthewholetext.ItprovidesangeneralappraisalofMarkTwain,thefatherofHackandTom,thenation'sbest-lovedauthor,andthegoodnewsandbadnews.Theauthoradoptedsomerhetoricaldevicestoillustratethepicture,andalsosomeveryemphaticadjectives,adverbs,suchaseternal,endless,everybit,profound,etc.Thefirstparagraphishighlyconclusive.第15頁Questions:1.Identifyandexplainthemetaphorinthefirstsentence.2.Whatistheimplicationofthetwoadjectives"eternal"and"endless"?3.WhywasTwainsaidtobeadventurous,patriotic,romantic,andhumorous?4.Whatdidtheauthormeanby"IfoundanotherTwain..."?5.Identifyandexplainthemetaphorinthelastsentence.第16頁WordsandExpressionscruise:Acruiseisaholidayduringwhichyoutravelonashipandvisitlotsofplaces.Whenitisusedasaverb,itmeanstomoveataconstantspeedthatiscomfortableandunhurried.Hewasonaworldcruise.cruisemissile:

amissilewhichcarriesanuclearwarheadandwhichisguidedbyacomputerasitflies.Itcanbelaunchedfromtheland,seaorair.TheyspendthesummercruisingintheGreekislands.ThetaxicruisedoffdowntheChang'anAvenue.第17頁cruiser:alargefastwarship.cf:aircraftcarrier,helicoptercarrier,battleship,flagship,destroyer,speedboat,torpedoboat,etc.第18頁everybitas:infml,justas,quiteas

Heiseverybitascleverasyouare.I'meverybitassorryaboutitasyou.Cynic:memberofaschoolofancientGreekphilosophythatdespisedeaseandcomfortacynicalremark,attitude,smileThey'vegrownrathercynicalaboutdemocracy,ienolongerbelievethatitisanhonestsystem.第19頁

obsess:fillthemindcontinuously,AmE,toworrycontinuouslyandunnecessarily.Ifsthobsessesyouorifyouareobsessedwithitorbyit,youkeepthinkingaboutitoveralongperiodoftime,andfinditdifficulttothinkaboutanythingelse.Hebecameabsolutelyobsessedwithagirlreporterontelevision.Sheisobsessedbythedesiretobecomeagreatscientist.cf:preoccupy:tofillthethoughtsorholdtheinterestofsb.almostcompletely,esp.sothatnotenoughattentionisgiventoother(present)matters.第20頁ParaphraseMirrorofAmerica:Metaphor.Amirrorreflectsorrevealsthetruthofsomethingorsomebody.

MostAmericansrememberMarkTwainasthefather...Father:metaphor.Endless:hyperbole.Thewholesentence:parallelism.MarkTwainisfamoustomostAmericansasthecreatorofHackFinnandTomSawyer.Hack'ssailing/voyage/journey/travelontheriverwassopleasant,lighthearted,carefree,simpleandpeacefulthatitmadehisboyhoodseemtobeinfinite,whileTom'sindependentmindandhisexcitinganddangerousactivitiesmadethesummerseemeverlasting.第21頁FiguresofSpeechMetaphorMirrorofAmericaMostAmericansrememberMarkTwainasthefather...

UnderstatementParallelism&hyperbole.

MostAmericansrememberMarkTwainasthefatherofHuckFinn'sidylliccruisethrougheternalboyhoodandTomSawyer'sendlesssummeroffreedomandadventure.I

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DetailedStudyoftheText

PartII

(Para2-20)

Part2:(par.2-20)MarkTwain'smainexperiencesandworksSection1.(Trampprinter...thesettledUnitedStates)thesetting,backgroundknowledgeSection2.(YoungMark...thatinventedretreating)earlyyearsoflifeontheMississippiandasaConfederateguerrillaSection3.(Hewentwest...best-seller.)Onhiswaytosuccess.Section4.(Attheage...renewouredges.)Commentonhisbestworks.第23頁Question

1.WhycanwesayTwainisstillapopularwriter?2.Wherewasthemainchanneloftransportationinhischildhood?3.Whatdoesitmeanby"medicineshow"?4.Howdoyouunderstand"thewildhumorist"?5.Howdidheestablishhisliteraryposition?6.Explain"sweptthenation","wasgivenalifeofitsown".第24頁WordsandExpressions

frailty:aweaknessofcharacterorbehaviour.Oneofthefrailtiesofhumannatureislaziness.Thatchairlookstoofrailtotakeaman'sweight.Thereisonlyafrailchancethathewillpasstheexamination.tramp:apersonwhohasnohomeorpermanentjobandverylittlemoney.

Trampsgofromplacetoplacegettingfoodandmoneybytakingoccasionaljoborbegging.Awomanwhoisthoughttohavesexwithalotofmeniscursedtobeatramp.Whenusedasaverb,trampmeanstowalkheavilyinaparticulardirectionoralongroadsorstreets.第25頁There'satrampatthedoorbeggingforfood.Wetrampedforhoursthroughthesnow.Don'ttrampaboutsonoisily,you'llwakeeveryoneup.cf:盲流，”blindflow”,unauthorizedmove,personswhomovewithoutgovernmentsanction

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starry:fullofstarsinthesky,indicatingsparkling,glowing,andflashing.starry-eyed:fullofunreasonableorsillyhopes.Ifyouarestarry-eyed,youaresofullofdreamsorhopesoridealisticthoughtsthatyoudonotseehowthingsreallyare.Wewereallstarry-eyedaboutvisitingLondon.

第27頁range:totravelwithoutanydefiniteplanordestination,afairlyliteraryuse.

cf:wander,range,saunter,strollWanderimpliestheabsenceofafixedcourseormoreorlessindifferencetoacoursethathasbeenfixedorotherwiseindicated.Thetermmayimplythemovementofawalkerwhetherhumanoranimal,butitmaybeusedofanythingcapableofdirection.Hiseyeswanderedoverthelandscape.Hismindwanderedandhewasunsureofhimself.第28頁Rangemaybepreferredwhenliteralwanderingisnotimpliedorwhenthestressisonthesweepofterritorycoveredratherthanontheformoflocomotioninvolved.Hespentthesummerrangingtheworld.Animalsrangethroughtheforests.Saunterstressesaleisurelypaceandinidleandcarefreemind.Strolldiffersfromsaunterchieflyintheimplicationsofanobjective,(assight-seeingorexercise)pursuedwithouthasteandsometimeswithwanderingfromoneplacetoanother.strolling(around)inthepark第29頁

adopt:totakeanduseasone'sownTheUSgovernmentdecidedtoadoptahardlinetowardsterrorists.Congresshasadoptedthenewmeasures.Iadoptedtheirmethodofmakingthemachine.adoptaname,acustom,anidea,astyleofdressHavingnochildrenoftheirowntheydecidedtoadoptanorphan/dog.Paul'smotherhadhimadoptedbecauseshecouldn'tlookafterhimherself.heradoptedcountry,ienothernativecountrybuttheoneinwhichshehaschosentolive第30頁adept:~(insth);~(at/indoingsth)She'sadeptatgrowingroses.He'sanadeptincarpentry.adapt~sth(forsth)makesthsuitableforanewuse,situation,etc;modifysthThismachinehasbeenspeciallyadaptedforuseunderwater.ThisnovelhasbeenadaptedforTVfromtheRussianoriginal.Oureyesslowlyadaptedtothedark.第31頁Paraphrase

...withthelanguagethathesoakedupwith...

Heabsorbedanddigestedthecolourfullanguagewithanastonishinggoodmemorywhichseemedtobeabletorecordthingslikeaphonographic(gramophone).第32頁maincurrentofpioneeringhumanity:metaphor,peoplewithpioneeringspiritwhoformsthemajority,themainpartofthemwerepeoplewithdevotion/dedicationtoopenupnewareasandpreparewaysforothers.第33頁FiguresofSpeechMetaphorsawclearlyaheadablackwallofnight...mainarteryoftransportationintheyoungnation'sheartthevastbasindrainedthree-quartersofthesettledUnitedStatesAllwouldresurfaceinhisbooks...thathesoakedup...Steamboatdecksteemed...maincurrentof...butitsflotsamWhenrailroadsbegandryingupthedemand......theepidemicofgoldandsilverfever...第34頁Simile:...amemorythatseemedphonographicPersonification:...toliterature'senduringgratitude......anentrythatwilldeterminehiscourseforever...thegraveworldsmilesasusual...第35頁Antithesis:...betweenwhatpeopleclaimtobeandwhattheyreallyare......tookunholyverbalshotsattheHolyLand...Alliteration:...theslow,sleepy,sluggish-brainedslothsstayedathome第36頁DetailedStudyofthetextPart3:(par.21-22)Marktwain'sdisappointmentinhumanlifeinlateryears第37頁Questions

1.WhatareTwain'spersonaltragedies?2.Howmightthesetragediesinfluencehispersonalityandwriting?3.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?4.Identifythefiguresusedin“theyvanish…h(huán)adexisted”.第38頁WordsandExpressionsfeedonsth:benourishedorstrengthenedbysthHatredfeedsonenvy.pad:toprotectormakesthmorecomfortablebycoveringorfillingwithsoftmaterialajacketwithpaddedshouldersHepaddedtheseatofthechairwithsomefoamedplastics.n.anythingmadeorfilledwithasoftmaterialusedtoprotectsth.ormakeitmorecomfortable,ortofilloutashapeGetapadtosit/lieon.Thefootballplayerworeapadonhisknee.ashoulderpadawritingpad第39頁Nowtheglovescameoffwithbitingsatire.glove/mittentheglovesareoff:sbisreadyforafight(be)handinglove:workingincloseassociationHewasfoundtobehandinglovewiththeenemy.anironfist/handinavelvetglove:anappearanceofgentlenessconcealingseverity,determination,etcIfyoudescribesb.ashavinganironfistinavelvetglove,youmeanthattheyhideafirmanddeterminedpersonalitybehindagentleandquietmanner.第40頁glovepuppet:kindofpuppetwornonthehandandworkedbythefingersbite:a.cutintowiththeteethThatdogjustbitmeintheleg.Stopbitingyournails!badlybittenbymosquitoes/asnakeOncebitten,twiceshy.Itriedtosellhimmyoldcar,buthewouldn'tbite,iehe第41頁b.criticizesbangrily(andoftenunfairly)Iwasonlyfiveminuteslatebutshereallybitmyheadoff.biting:causingasmartingpainabitingwind(ofremarks)sharplycritical;cuttingbitingsarcasmsatire:Satireisridiculeorironyorsarcasmthatisused,esp.inplaysandnovels,toshowhowfoolishorwickedsomepeople'sbehaviourorideasare.NowMarkTwainthrewawaythepreten