2024年內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)包頭市青山區(qū)中考二模英語試題_第1頁
2024年內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)包頭市青山區(qū)中考二模英語試題_第2頁
2024年內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)包頭市青山區(qū)中考二模英語試題_第3頁
2024年內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)包頭市青山區(qū)中考二模英語試題_第4頁
2024年內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)包頭市青山區(qū)中考二模英語試題_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩10頁未讀 繼續(xù)免費閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

機(jī)密★啟用前2024年初中學(xué)業(yè)水平考試模擬試卷英語注意事項:1.本試卷共12頁,滿分120分。考試時間為120分鐘。2.答題前,考生務(wù)必先將自己的姓名、座位號、考生號等信息填寫在答題卡的指定位置。請認(rèn)真核對條形碼上的相關(guān)信息后,將條形碼粘貼在答題卡的指定位置。3.答題時,將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。4.考試結(jié)束后,將答題卡交回。第一部分.聽力(共兩節(jié),20分)聽錄音,根據(jù)各題要求選擇最佳答案,并將答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。每項內(nèi)容讀兩遍。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1分,共5分)聽下面5段對話,根據(jù)你聽到的內(nèi)容選出相應(yīng)的圖片。A1.2.3.4.5.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,共15分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。聽第6段材料,回答第6.至8題。6.HowdidTonygetthebook?A.Heboughtitinhisuncle'scityB.Heborroweditfromalibrary.C.Hisuncle.sentittohim,7.Inwhich:placeisthebook,popular?A.InEngland.B.InAmerica.C.InChina.8.Howsooncanthegirlgetthebook?A.Inthreedays.B.Infivedays.C.Infourdays.聽第7段材料,回答9至11題。9.What'sAmy'sfavoritesubjectatschool?A.English.B.Physics.C.Art.10.WhydoesAmylikelearningEnglish?A.Becauseshehasagoodmemory.B.BecauseEnglishisascolorfulasart.C.Becauseshecanlearnmoreaboutforeigncountieswithit.11.Howoftenwilltheyhelpeach.other?A.Everyday.B.Twiceaweek.C.Onceaweek.聽第8段材料,回答12至14題。12.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Athome.B.Atahotel.C.Inatravelagency.13.Whatkindoftripdoesthewomanprefer?A.Afive-dayoneinspring.B.Afive-dayoneinautumn.C.Aten-dayoneinsummer.14.Howmuchwillthetripcostperperson?Ai.About1,000dollarsB.About900dollars.C.About800dollars.聽第9段材料,回答15,至17題。15.Whendoesthemangetup?A.At6:00a.m.B.At6:30a.m.C.At7:00a.m.16.Whatdoesthemandoafter8:00p.m.?A.Hegoestobed.B.Hehassupper.C.Helistenstomusic.17.Whatisthemanprobably?A.Awriter.B.Asinger.C.Atennisplayer.聽第10段材料,回答18至20,題。18.Wheredidthetalktakeplace?A.Outsidethehouse.B.Infrontofthefireplace.C.Inthepark.19.WhatdidMr.Hayesaskthepeopletodo?A.Towritedownthethreebiggestproblemsintheirlife.B.Towritedowntheirnames.C.Towritedowntheire-mailaddresses.20.HowdidMr.Hayeswantthepeopletodo?A.Hewantedthemtobehonestenoughtotellthetruth.B.Hewantedthemtobebraveenoughtofacedifficulties.C.Hewantedthemtobekindenoughtohelpthepoor.第二部分語言知識運用(共15小題;每小題1分,共15分)閱讀短文,從短文后各題所給的三個選項(A、B和C)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。IchoosetogototheMedicalUniversityinNanjing,wantingtostudyinthemedicalfield.Iwouldspendmostof8fullyearsconnectingwithChina'sdifferent21.Inmyfirstyear,itwas22.ThelanguageproblemwasmorethanwhatIhad23.Evenshoppingmaybechallenging.Icouldnotbargain(討價還價)duringmyfirstfewmonths.Ifinallydecidedto24Chineselanguageclasses.WhilestudyinginChina,Iacquainted(使熟悉)myselfwiththelocalvendors(小販).MyChinesewasgettingsmoothersothatIcould25withthem.Therewasnothing26thanlisteningtothestoriestheywouldtellabouttheir27.Onevendorsellingmefreshmangoeswouldalwaystellmestoriesabouthishome.He28toldmehowhisgrandmotherwould29fourkilosofginger(生姜)everytwodaysinthewinterforsoup.Hesaidshedidittokeepherfamily30andkeepthecommoncoldaway.Thisstory31meeventoday,Ilookbackonthisstorywithsomuch32.Youdonotunderstandhowspecialamomentiswhileitishappening.Itwassuchasimplestorythatthevendortoldme,butI33it.Becauseofhim,everytimewintercomesaround,Icooksoupand34toaddginger,knowinghowheandhisfamilyenjoyedthiseverywintertokeepwarmandhealthy.This35metodothesame.21.A.development B.cultures C.stories22.A.had B.interesting C.strange23.A.expected B.required C.promised24.A.have B.teach C.drop25.A.travel B.chat C.live26.A.moredifficultB.easier C.better27.A.business B.lives C.shops28.A.suddenly B.closely C.excitedly29.A.offer B.borrow C.use30.A.clean B.active C.warm31.A.influences B.protects C.worries32.A.regret B.happiness C.pain33.A.imagined B.remembered C.refused34.A.getready B.carryout C.makesure35.A.encouraged B.warned C.forced第三部分閱讀理解(共15小題;每小題2分,共30分閱讀短文,從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ADoyoudoteamprojectsatschool?Idoalot.IenjoyteamprojectsbecauseIlikesharingideaswithotherpeople.Ofcourse,teamactivitiesaren'talwayseasy.Youneedtoknowhowtoworkwelltogether.Herearesomesuggestionstomaketeamworkeasier.KnowthegoalsMakesureeveryoneunderstandsthegoaloftheproject.Ifyou'redoingaclassproject,youneedtochecktheteacher'sinstructionscarefullyand.askquestionswheneversomethingisn'tclear.There'sapopularsaying:Ifyoudon'tknowwhereyou'regoing,youprobablywon'tgetthere.Assign(指派)rolesEveryoneshouldhavearoleintheteam.Forexample,thereshouldbealeaderwhohelpseveryonemakedecisions.Theremightbeanote-takerwhowritesdowntheteam'sideasduringmeetings,andatime-keepertocontrolthetime.Theremightalsobeafact-checkeroragroupspeaker.DividetheworkForlargeprojects,theworkcanbedividedintosmallertasks.Thenyoucanchoosetasksthatyoudowellorenjoy.Ofcourse,youshouldn'talwaysdothesametask.It'sgoodtotrynewthings,evenifthey'redifficult!MakeaplanAfteryoudividethework,writedownaplanonpaper.Youcanuseacalendartohelpyou.Listallthetasksandthinkaboutwheneachonemustbefinished.It'simportantforeveryonetofollowtheplan.Andifyoucan'tfinishyourpartontime,telltheothersassoonaspossible.Trytobepositive(積極的).Everythingiseasierwhenyou'reenjoyingyourselfintheteam.36.Whatistheleader'smainjobintheteam?A.Controllingtheactivitytime.B.Writingdowntheteam'sideas.C.Makingspeechesfortheteam.D.Helpingtheothersmakedecisions.37.Whatshouldyoudoafterdividingthework?A.Sctacleargoal.B.WorkoutaplanC.Decideeveryone'srole.D.Checktheteacher'sexamples.38.Whatisthewritertryingtodointhetext?A.Introducetheteacher'sinstructions.B.Giveinformationaboutsmallertasks.C.Explainthemethodtodoteamprojects.D.Describetheimportanceofcreativeideas.BIfyoutapyourfingersonthescreen,yourfavoritebookswillbedelivered(投遞)toyourdoorwithinacoupleofhours.Whowouldhavethoughtthatcultural,consumption(文化消費)inChinacouldbecomeaseasyasorderingasandwich?Yet,itisnowhappeningattheChengduLibrary.The“LovingtoReadatHome”programallowsreaderstologon(登錄)ioaminiprogramofthesamename.Readerscanthenchoosetheirfavoritebooksandwaitforthemtobedelivered(投遞)totheirhomebyEMSforjust6yuanforonetothreebooks.Eachusercanborrowuptoeightbooksatatimefor30days.Theprogramcoversthewholecity.Morethan20,000booksfrom22publiclibrariesinChengduarereadyforloan(出借).Sofar,morethan6,000bookshavebeensentouttoreaders.“Thelibrary'snew020(onlinetooffline)pathreducesthetimecostforreadersandallowsthemtorealizethatculturalconsumptioninChinaisaconvenientpartofpeople'severydaylives,"expertXuShumingsaid.“ProvidingsuchserviceforreadersisanimportantpartofreachingChina'sgoalofencouragingreadingnationwide."Theexpertalsoadded;“020bookdeliveryservicesaresuccessfulinChinasincethecountryhasstrongdeliveryande-commerce(電子商務(wù)).”TheChengduLibraryisnottheonlylibraryprovidingbooks-to-goservices.“Flyingbookshome"isasimilarprogramnunbytheZhuzhouLibraryinHunanProvince.InBeijing,asimilarserviceisalsoprovidedbytheChaoyangDistrictLibrary,Todate,therehavebeenmorethan3,300publiclibrariesandmorethan100;000physicalbookshopsacrossthecountry.Chinesepeople'sinterest.inreadinghasbeengrowing.Thecomprehensivereadingrate(綜合閱讀率)in2012was76,3%,butgrewto81,8%in2022.“Readinghasbecomeanimportantpartofpromoting(促進(jìn))publiceducationandincreasingpeople'sconfidenceinChinesecultureandtradition,”saidXu.39.WhydoestheauthormentionorderingasandwichinParagraph1?A.Totellpeoplehowtoorderbooks.B.Topointouthow-specialorderingfoodis.C.Toexplainthereasonfortheincreaseinbookorders.D.Toshowtheconvenienceofthebooks-to-goservices.40.AccordingtoXu,whatmakes020bookdeliveryservicessuccessfulinChina?①Theconvenientdeliveryservice.②Thepowerfule-commerceindustry.③Thegoalofencouragingreadingnationwide.A.①②B.①③C.②③.D.①②③41.Whoselibraryrunsthe“Flyingbookshome”program?A.Beijing's.B.Chengdu's.C.Zhuzhou'sD.Shanghai's.42.Inwhichpartofanewspapercanwereadthepassage?A.Nature.B.Culture.C.History.D.Travel.C“Whycan'tGrandpajustbenormal?Whydoeshetakewaveskiasahobby?He'ssoweird,”CarteraskedGrandma.Grandmalaughed.“I’vewonderedthatformanyyears.”TheyweresitingonthebeachwatchingGrandpaandsomeofhisfiendsintheocean.“Noneofmyfriendsevenknowswhatawaveskiis,”Cartercontinued.“Justtellthemit'salotlikesurfingbuttheriderssitontopofawaveski.Whenthewavescome,theywillridethewavejustlikeasurfer,onlytheypaddle(劃槳)togetouttothewaves."“Nobody'sgrandpadoesthis.”Grandmalaughed.“Well,whatshouldhebedoinginstead?”“Idon'tknow.Maybethingsthatoldpeopledo.”“Look!Abigwaveiscomingin!”Grandmapointedtotheocean.CartersawGrandpainfrontofhisfriends.Hewasleaning(傾斜)forwardandpaddlinghard,justaheadofthelargeincomingwave.CarterwassurprisedathowhardGrandpawaspaddlingandhowfasthewasmoving.Justthen,anotherhugewavecame.Carterjumpedtohisfeetandheldhisbreath,Thiswasnotgood.Whatifsomethingbadhappened?Asthewave,drewnear,Grandpapaddledharder.Hewassuddenlyliftedbythewaterandstoppedpaddling.Heleanedtowardthewave,changingthedirectionofthewaveski.Now,hewasridingthewave,movingfast.Carterwasamazed.Grandpawastotallyincontrol.Carternowrealizedhisgrandpawasn'tweirdatall.Hewasamazing.Absolutelyamazing!“GoGrandpa!”Cartershouted,eventhoughheknewGrandpacouldn'thearhim.Whenthewavewasgone,GrandpaturnedtowardthebeachandwavedtoCarterandGrandma.Helookedsohappy.Carterwavedback.Hewasn'tsurewhy,buthohadtearsinhiseyes.Hequicklydriedthemandthenwavedagain.“DoyouthinkIcanbetheoneridingwaveslikehim?”“Ofcourse,”Grandmasaid.43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"weird"inparagraph1mean?A.strangeandunusualB.normalandshyC.outgoingandgenerousD.friendlyandhelpful44.WhendidCartercometounderstandhisgrandpa?A.WhenhelearnedfromGrandmawhatwaveskiwas.B.WhenhesawGrandpapaddlingaheadofthewave.C.WhenGrandpawasridingthewaveandmovingfast.D:WhenGrandpatunedtowardthebeachandwavedtohim:45.WhatwouldCarterprobablydoaftertalkingwithGrandma?A.BuyanewwaveskiforGrandpa.B.SharehisownhobbywithGrandma.C.EncourageGrandmatotrywaveski.D.AskGrandpatoteachhimtowaveski46.Whatcanbethebesttideofthepassage?A.Anexcitingexperience.B.A“weird”grandpa.C.Ahappyfamily.D.Asmartgrandson.DShouldweputeveryjobinthehandsofmachines?'Shouldwedevelopnon-humanmindsthatmightfinallybecomesmarterthanhumansandfinallyreplaceus?Shouldweasklosingcontrolofourownfuture?Thesequestionswereaskedbymanyscientistslastmonthinasciencemeeting.Inmostpeople'smind,therapiddevelopmentofAlisofgreathelptohumans.Forexample,AIhashelpedhumansdevelopnewmedicineanddesignnewmaterialstohelpwithclimatechange(氣候變化).WhenChatGPT,aprogramdevelopedbyOpenAI,wasfirstopentothepublic,amillionpeopleuseditwithinaweek,andthenumberrapidlyroseto100millionwithintwomonths.Itwaswidelyusedtodothingslikewritingarticlesandcreatingspeecharticles.However,somepeoplearestartingtoworry.WillAIgoagainsthumansonoday?WillAIlakeourplaceandallthepeoplelosetheirjobs?WillbadpeopleuseAItoharmothers?TheseworriesmakescientistsstopdevelopingAIandstarttothinkabouthowwecanmakebetteruseofthistechnology.MostofthemagreethatlawsshouldbemadetomakesurethatAIisusedinasafeway.Manygovernmentsarealreadytakingaction,thoughdifferently.Forexample,theUK,aswellastheUS,opensitsarmsforAIwithoutanyrulesotherthanpresentonesbecauseitregardsitasahugemarket.ButGermanyismorecareful.ItputsusesofAIindifferentareasintodifferentlevelsofrisk.Usesinsomeareasarenotallowed,andcompaniesthatbreaktheruleswillbepunished.Makinglawsisthe.governments'duty.Foruscommonpeople,it.maybemoreimportanttothinkaboutwhatwecandoinordertoworkbetterwithAI.47.Howdoesthewriterstartthispassage?A.Bygivingnumbers.B.Bycomparingsomefacts.C.Byraisingquestions.D.Bygivingsomeexamples.48.WhydotheUKandtheUSopentheirarmsforAI?A.BecausetheythinkAIbringsgoodbusiness.B.BecausetheyhavethebestAItechnology.C.Becausetheyhavealargemarket.D.BecausetheythinkAIissafeenough.49.TheunderlinedwordreplaceinParagraph1means_______________.A.becomeclevererthan B.taketheplaceofC.doharm.to D.goagainst50.Whatmaythewritertalkaboutnext?A.ThefuturedevelopmentofAI.B.ThepossibledangersofAI.C.TheadviceonhowtoworkwithAI.D.TheadvantagesofAI.第四部分情景交際(共兩節(jié),15分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1分,共5分)根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容,從方框內(nèi)的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選擇項。A:Hi,Betty!51______________B:Besideshomework,Ireadaninterestingnovel.A:Whalkindofnovelisit?B:52______________________A:Whatisthenameofthenovel?B:JourneytotheWest.53_____________A:Yes.ButIhaven'treadityet.B:It'ssointerestingthatIcouldn'tputitdown.A:Wow!54______________B:ItmainlytellsalongjourneytotheWesternHeaventogettheBuddhistscriptures(佛經(jīng)).A:Whoarethemaincharactersofthisnovel?B:TangMonk,SunWulong,ZhuBajieandShaWujing.Theymetmanydifficultiesduringtheirjourney,buttheysucceededintheend.A:Soundsgreat.Ican'twaittoreadit.55_________________B:Ofcourse.IhavealreadyfinisheditI'llbringittoyoutomorrow.A:Thankyousomuch!A.Doyoulikethenovel?B.Haveyoubeardofit?C.Whatisitmainlyabout?D.CanIborrowitfromyou?E.Ihopetoreadthenovelnow.F.ItisaChineseclassicalnovel.G.Whatdidyoudolastweekend?第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,共10分)根據(jù)下面的對話情景,在每個空白處填上一個適當(dāng)?shù)木渥?使對話的意思連貫、完整。A:Hi,Jane.Canyoutellmeoneofyourunforgettableexperiences?B:56_________________.OneofmyunforgettableexperienceswasmyschooltipinGrade9.A:Soundsgreat!Whereandwhendidyougo?B:WewenttoShaanxiHistoryMuseuminthemorning.A:Wow.57_______________________?B:Weenjoyedthebeautifulculturalrelicsandweweretoldtheinterestingstoriesbehindthem.A:Whatwasthenext?B:NextwewenttotheXi'anMuslimStreet.A:58________________?B:Yes,weatemanyfamousandsnacksanddeliciousfoodthere.A:59_______________?B:IthinkXi'aniswonderfulandattractive.60_________________?A:No,[haveneverbeentoXi'an.Iplantoadvisemyteachertohaveourschooltipthere.B:It'sagoodchoice.Hopeyoucanmakeitpossibleandhaveagoodvisitthere.第五部分詞語運用(共兩節(jié),25.分),第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1分,共10分)用括號中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子(每空僅限1個單詞)。61.—Whynotjoinustovolunteerintheschoollibrary?—Itisagoodidea.Butitisalsomuch__________(easy)saidthandone.62.—DoyouunderstandwhatImean?—Notreally.Iamabit___________.(lose)63.Ihavetoturndownhis_________(invite)because[haveacomingexam.64.Ihardly_________whatyousaid.Canyousayitagain?(hear)65.—It'ssaidthattwo_________(five)ofmyclassmateslovelisteningtomusicintheirfreetime.—It'sagoodwaytotakeabreakfromlong-limestudy.66.—WhatdoyouthinkofJiaLing'slatestmovie?—Itisahuge________.Ittellsusweshouldlearntoloveourselves.(hit)67.—Whattheheadmastersaidatthegraduationhave_________inmanystudents'minds.(stick)—Iagree.Itwasveryinspiring.68.Tocompletethework,hehadtodrinksomecoffeetokeephimself__________.(wake)69.Takeabreak,Jack.Youwillwear__________outifyoucarryonworkingsohard.(you)70.—Wouldyouliketogivemesomeadviceaboutlearningskills?—Sure.Firstofall,youshould,manageyourtime______________.(wise)第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AftertheSpringFestival,Ifoundsomeofmymom'sdailyhabitshavechanged.Hercookingwaywasdifferent.Vegetablescookedcrispybecameverysoft.Fishthathadbeenfriedbecamesoup.MyfatherandIfelt71_______(strangely).Butitwasn'tjusthercoolingway.Momalsochangedother72_____(habit).Afterdinner,insteadofwatchingfilmsonTVasusual,shewouldputonhernewly-boughtsportsclothesandaskedDadtogoout73________awalk.Aftertheycamebackhome,Momwouldlose74_________(she)inmagazinesornewspapersabouthealthcare.Icouldn'tunderstandher“abnormal”75_______(behave).ThenonedayIcameacrossherblog(博客).“WhilevisitingmyparentsduringtheSpringFestival,Icametorealizethattheyarein76_______70snow.”mymomhadwritten.“Somecookingshould77______(change)tokeepthemhealthy.Theylikefishsoup,dicedpotato,softvegetables...”“Imustalsokeepfitbydoingphysicalexercise78________myparents.aretooweaktomovearound,Icanbestrongenoughtotakecareofthem.WhenIamold,my.soncanalsopaylessattentionto79______(take)careofme.”Afterreadingit,I80______(complete)understandher.Everythingshedoesistohelpthepeoplesheloveslivebetterlives.Howunselfishherloveis!第六部分書面表達(dá)(15分)假設(shè)你是李華,你的留學(xué)朋友Jack要在暑假回國,打算為他媽媽準(zhǔn)備幾件富有中國特色的禮物,特來向你咨詢。請你結(jié)合以下信息,提出你的建議和理由,給他回一封郵件。注意:1.要求語句通順,意思連貫。2.文中不得提及真實的人名,校名等相關(guān)信息。3.詞數(shù):80左右。開頭與結(jié)尾已給出,不計人總詞數(shù)。DearJack,I'mgladtohearthatyouarecomingbackhomeduringthesummerholiday.It'sgreatthatyouwanttobringafewgiftstoyourmotherthatsymbolizetheChineseculture.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Haveagoodvacationandsendmybestwishestoher.Yours,LiHua2024年初中學(xué)業(yè)水平考試模擬試卷評分說明及作答示例英語(120分)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),20分)1-5DCBEA6-10CABCC11-15BCACB16-20CCBAB第二部分語言知識運用21-25BAAAB26-30CBCCC31-35ABBCA第三部分閱讀理解36-38DBC39-42DACB43-46ACDB47-50CABC第四部分情景交際第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1分,共5分)51

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評論

0/150

提交評論