06- 備戰(zhàn)2024年高考英語模擬卷（新高考II卷專用）（解析版）

備戰(zhàn)2024年高考英語模擬卷（新高考II卷專用）黃金卷06注意事項(xiàng)：1．本試題滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘；2．考生答題前請(qǐng)?jiān)谝?guī)定位置填寫姓名、班級(jí)、考號(hào)等相關(guān)信息，在答題卡上正確填涂準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)（或粘貼條形碼）并仔細(xì)核對(duì)自己的信息；3．選擇題請(qǐng)用2B鉛筆在答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)的位置準(zhǔn)確填涂，非選擇題請(qǐng)用0.5mm黑色字跡簽字筆在答題卡的非選擇題區(qū)域作答。在本試卷及草稿紙上作答，答案無效；4．考試結(jié)束后，本試題、答題卡、草稿紙一并收回，請(qǐng)勿帶出考場(chǎng)。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題，每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1．Whattroublesthewoman?A．Herrecentsickness. B．Herbadsleep. C．Herdog’smisbehavior.【答案】B【原文】W:Excuseme,Mr.Smith.Iamyourneighborlivingnexttoyou.Iwaswonderingifyoucoulddosomethingaboutyourdog.It’sbeenbarkingallnightsothatIcan’thaveasoundsleep.M:OK.Iwillpaymoreattentiontoitsincemydoghasbeenillrecently.W:Thankyousomuch!2．Whatdidthemandowiththeextrapaper?A．Hegavehalfofittohisfriend.B．Hethrewhalfofitaway.C．Hesoldtherestofit.【答案】A【原文】W:Didyouthrowawaytheextrapaper?M:Igavehalfofittoafriendandkepttherest.W:That’sgood.Anyway,it’snotagoodhabittowastepaper.3．Whichnamedidtheman’swifesuggest?A．Allison. B．James. C．Zoe.【答案】A【原文】W:Hi,James,howisyourlittleZoetoday?Youhaveacutenameforyourdaughter.M:Oh,youareflatteringme.MywifesaidweshouldcallherAllison,afterhermother,butIthoughtitsoundedout-of-date.4．Whatwasthereasonforthemantoworkatthecharityatfirst?A．Tohelpthehomeless. B．Todoacollegeproject. C．Togetworkexperience.【答案】C【原文】W:So,itsaysherethatyoudidsomevolunteerworktoraisemoneyforahomelesscharityduringthesummer.M:That’sright.IoriginallytookthejobbecauseIneededsomeworkexperienceforcollege,buthelpingotherpeoplereallymademerealizehowluckyIam.5．WhydoesFreddecidetoquit?A．Heoftenworksovertime.B．Heneedstoearnmoremoney.C．Hedoesn’tgetonwellwithhiscolleagues.【答案】B【原文】W:FredisleavingthisFriday.Willyougotohisfarewellparty?M:Sure.Iwaswonderingwhyheleaves.Hegetsonwellwithcolleagues.Isitduetothelongworkinghours?W:Lackofmoneyisthemainproblem,asIseeit.Heisabouttohaveathirdbaby.M:IfIdon’tgetmoremoney,I’llquitaswell.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Howlongwilltheman’sfriendbestayingintheapartment?A．Anothermonthormore. B．Atleasttwomonths. C．Lessthanamonth.7．Whatdoesthewomanwanttheman’sfriendtodo?A．Moveout. B．Findajobinamonth. C．Sharethehouseholdexpenses.【答案】6．A7．C【原文】W:Hey,Jim.DoyoumindifIaskyouhowlongyourfriendisgoingtobestayinginourapartment?M:Hewillbehereforatleastanothermonth,maybelonger.Itdependsonwhetherornothefindsajob.W:OK...well...it’sjustthathe’salreadybeenherefortwomonths,andhejustsitsaroundherealldayandeatsallourfood.ItisOKifitistemporary,butIdidn’tknowhe’dbestayingherethislong.Maybeheshouldstartcontributingforthingslikerent,orevengroceries.M:I’lltalktohim,butIcan’tmakeyouanypromises.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8．Whydidn’tthemanbuyanymilktoday?A．Heforgottobuyit.B．Thestoreranoutofmilk.C．Hereadsomenegativewordsaboutmilk.9．Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A．Sheseldomdrinksmilk.B．Heropinionsalwayschange.C．Shedoesn’ttrustthoseexperts.【答案】8．C9．C【原文】W:Darling,youmusthaveforgottentobuymilkonyourwayhome.M:Nope.Actually,Iboughtsomesoymilkinstead.W:Why?Wasallthemilksoldoutbeforeyougotthere?M:No.Iwentonlinetoday,andsomeexpertssaidmilkisnotalwaysgoodforpeople’shealth.W:Really?Whatdidtheysay?M:Milkishighincaloriesandfat,sodrinkingtoomuchofitmaycauseyoutogainweight.Also,thekindofsugarinmilkmaycauseyoutohaveanupsetstomachifyoucan’tdigestitwell.Mostimportantly,milkdoesnotactuallyhelpkidsgrowtallandstrong.W:Uh-oh,soyoudidn’tbuyanymilktoday?Listen,I’vebeendrinkingmilksinceIwasababy.Lookatme...amIhealthyenough?Don’tbelievethoseso-calledexperts.Theiropinionsalwayschange.M:Maybeyou’reright.聽第8段材料，回答第10至13題。10．Whatmadetheman’sgrandpastudyFrench?A．Hisborninterest. B．Histravellingexperience. C．Hisgrandson’sencouragement.11．HowdoesthegrandpalearnFrench?A．BysingingFrenchsongs. B．BywritingFrenchpoems. C．BytalkingwithFrenchnatives.12．Whatdoesthemanprobablydo?A．Ateacher. B．Apoet. C．Aneditor.13．Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Schoolmates. B．Colleagues. C．Sisterandbrother.【答案】10．B11．B12．A13．A【原文】W:Howoldisyourgrandpanow?M:He’salready80.Incredibly,hebegantolearnFrench3yearsago.W:Whoa,that’samazing!WhydidheresolvetostepintotheworldofFrench?M:Yeah,hejusttravelsalot,makinghimselfrealizethatFrenchisofgreatuse.W:SohowdoeshelearnFrench?M:HealwayslistenstoFrenchsongsandevenlooksuptheunknownwordsinthelyrics.W:Wow,unbelievableathisage.Doesheturntoyouforhelp?M:Ofcoursehedoeslikethatveryoften.HefrequentlytalkswithmeinFrenchandasksmetopolishhisFrenchessaysorpoems.Sometimesbetterthanmystudents’works.W:Haha,canhewritepoems?Itisinfactdemandingevenfornativespeakers.M:Yes,hecan.Irememberthatyouwerefondofpoemsinhighschool,especiallypoemswrittenbyLouisAragon,aFrenchpoet.Gonearethedayswhenwespenttimetogetherinhighschool.Ireallymisstheolddays.W:Me,too.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14．Howdidthemannoticetheproblemfirst?A．Hisbankcalledhim. B．Hisbillshowedhim. C．Hiscreditcardwasstolen.15．Whatdidthebankdotofixtheproblem?A．Theygavethemanhismoneybackatonce.B．Theydecidedtotalktothebank’sowner.C．Theyaskedthemantoprovidetheevidence.16．Whatmighthavecausedtheproblemaccordingtotheman?A．Onlineshopping. B．Overduedebt. C．Unskilledoperation.17．Whatdothetwospeakersmainlytalkabout?A．Informationsafety. B．Shoppinghabits. C．Moneymanagement.【答案】14．B15．C16．A17．A【原文】M:Ican’tbelievethis.Ihavebeenonthephonewithmybankalldayandtheystillhaven’tfixedmyproblem.W:Isitacreditcardproblem?M:Yes.Mycreditcardinformationwasstolen.WhenIgotmybillinthemail,Isawthereweremanyunfamiliarpurchasesonit.W:That’sterrible.Didtheytakealotofmoney?M:Yes,andIamveryupsetbecausethebankisnothelpingmequickly.Ihavetalkedtomanydifferentmanagersalready.W:Doesn’tthebank’sownerneedtomakethedecisiontogiveyouyourmoneyback?M:No.Ijusthavetoprovethatthesepurchaseswerenotmadebyme.W:Ihopeyoucanfixthisproblemsoon.Somethingsimilarhappenedtomyhusband’smotherrecently.Shewastrickedintogivingawaysomeimportantinformationoverthephone.M:IthinkthepersonwhostolemyinformationgotitfromtheInternet.Iboughtacollectionofmoviesrecently.Iwon’tbedoingthatagainunlessthewebsiteissuretobesafe.It’shonestlymyfaultforbeingcareless.W:Youcanneverbetoocareful.Well,yourproblemisinspiringmetolookintoprotectingmyaccountbetter.IthinkIcanpaymybankmoretohelpme.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18．Whatdoesthestudyfocusonaboutthecommunitycolleges?A．Theirstudentnumbers. B．Theiradmissionpolicies. C．Theirtrainingarrangements.19．Whydomanypeoplegiveupcollege?A．Itoffersfewercredits. B．Itopensexpensiveclasses. C．Itisn’tneededformanyjobs.20．Howdoesthespeakerfindthedata?A．Inaccurate. B．Surprising. C．Expected.【答案】18．A19．C20．B【原文】Somestudentstakecommunitycollegeclassestogetjobtraining.Othersgotocommunitycollegestotakelower-costclassesbeforemovingtoafour-yearuniversity.Butrecentresearchsuggeststhatmoreandmorestudentsarenolongerchoosingtoattendcommunitycolleges.Somestudentssaycreditsforclassesatcommunitycollegesdonotgainrecognitionbyfour-yearcolleges,andsomeemployerssayworkersfromcommunitycollegesarenotalwaysreadyforjobs.Atthesametime,thoughcollegeeducationisuseful,therearemanyjobsforpeoplewithoutacollegeeducation,whichmakespeoplebelievetheydonotneedcollege.Unexpectedly,thenumberofstudentsatU.S.communitycollegeshasdroppedby37percent,orabout2.6millionsince2020.Thosenumberscomefromanoccupationresearchcenter,anon-profitgroup.Duringthesameperiod,thecostofhighereducationintheU.S.wentupsharply.Manyprivatefour-yearcollegescancost$40,000peryear.However,communitycollegescost,onaverage,isevenlessthan$4,000peryear.Moreover,researchersareremotelyinvestigatingheadmastersofcommunitycollegesabouttheirpoliciesrelatedtotheschoolfees.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAutumnReadingRezDogsRezDogs,byJosephBruchacisabookwritteninverse(詩).It’saboutaneighth-gradernamedMalianShe’svisitinghergrandparentsattheirhomeonaWabanakireservationwhenCOVID-19hits.Duringlockdown,MalianlearnsmorefromhergrandparentsaboutherNativefamily’shistory.OmarRisingOmarRising,byAishaSaeedtellsthestoryofthesonofaservantinPakistan.Omarisexcitedthathehaswonascholarship(獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金)toaboardingschool.Butwhenhegetstherehediscoversthathisscholarshipisofferedwithspecialconditions.Tostayattheschool,Omarmustdochores(雜活)andgetbettergradesthanthewealthystudents.Andhe’snotallowedtojoinclubsorteams.Whenhisfutureattheschooldoesseembright,heandhisfriendsworkhardtocreatefairnessforall.TheIceCreamMachineTheIceCreamMachineisnocommonbook.It’ssixdifferentstoriesrolledintoonebook.Eachstoryhasaverydifferentplot(情節(jié))abouticecream.Oneice-creamstoryisaboutaboyandhisrobotinthedistantfuture.Anotherisaboutafatheranddaughterwhoinventanice-creammachine.TheIceCreamMachineisinventiveandfun.Itsauthor,AdamRubin,hopesthebookencourageskidstowrite.SugarandSpiteSugarandSpite,byGailD．Villanueva,finds12-year-oldJolinanewlyarrivedonanislandinthePhilippines.It’stherethatshelearnshowtomakemagic.Jolinausesthatmagictogetabully(仗勢(shì)欺人者)namedClaudineoffherback.Filipinohistoryandcultureareshowninthebook.Villanuevasaidthatkidsshouldreadaboutplacesandculturesdifferentfromtheirown.21．WhatproblemdoesOmarhave?A．Hefindsitdifficulttolearnmagic. B．Heisunabletovisithisgrandparents.C．Hereceivesunfairtreatmentatschool D．Hehasnomoneytobuyanice-creammachine22．WhatdoweknowaboutAdamRubin’sbook?A．Itisaguidebook. B．Itisatraveldiary.C．Itisaversenovel. D．Itisacollectionofstories.23．WhichbookwillyouchooseifyouareinterestedinthecultureandhistoryofthePhilippines?A．RezDogs. B．OmarRising.C．SugarandSpite. D．TheIceCreamMachine.【答案】21．C22．D23．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要給讀者介紹幾本書。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二本書“OmarRising”中的描述“Butwhenhegetstherehediscoversthathisscholarshipisofferedwithspecialconditions.Tostayattheschool,Omarmustdochores(雜活)andgetbettergradesthanthewealthystudents.Andhe’snotallowedtojoinclubsorteams.(但是當(dāng)他到達(dá)那里后發(fā)現(xiàn)，他的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金是有特殊條件的。為了能待在學(xué)校，Omar必須干雜活，并且要比那些家庭富裕的學(xué)生考的分?jǐn)?shù)高。他還不被允許參加俱樂部或者球隊(duì))”可知，Omar在學(xué)校受到了不公正的待遇。故選C。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三本書“TheIceCreamMachine”中的描述“TheIceCreamMachineisnocommonbook.It’ssixdifferentstoriesrolledintoonebook.Eachstoryhasaverydifferentplot(情節(jié))abouticecream.(《TheIceCreamMachine》不是一本普通的書。它是六個(gè)不同的故事合在一本書里。每一個(gè)故事都有一個(gè)非常不同的關(guān)于冰激凌的情節(jié))”可知，AdamRubin的書是一本故事集。故選D。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一本書“SugarandSpite”中的描述“Filipinohistoryandcultureareshowninthebook.(書中介紹了菲律賓的歷史和文化)”可知，如果你對(duì)菲律賓的歷史和文化感興趣的話可以看《SugarandSpite》這本書。故選C。BItisnoteasytoexciteNewYorkersorkeepthemgoingeasyonthingsaround.Thisisonereasonwhyactorsandotherfamouspeoplemovetothecity.TheycanlivequieterlivesandescapethepaparazziphotographerswhowouldfollowtheminHollywood.ButNewYorkhasanewmediastar.Andthisstarisnotlivingsoquietly.ThestarisacolorfulMandarinduck.ThebirdfirstappearedthismonthinasmallbodyofwaterinManhattan’sCentralPark.Largecrowdshavegatheredtoseetheduck.Reportershavebeenfollowingitseverymove.Themediaattentionontheduckhasearnedthename“quackarazzi”–awordcombinationofpaparazziandthesoundaduckmakes!TheduckhaschosentoliveinacostlypartofNewYork--justoffFifthAvenue,nearthehistoricPlazaHotel.There,hundredsofpeopleturnupeveryday,hopingtoseethebirdshowoffitsextremelycolorfulfeathers.Manypeopleliketheduckbecauseitscolorsarelike“sunsets,”saysNewYorkerJoeAmato.Hecomestotheparknearlyeverydaywithhiscameraequipment.Birdlovershavebeenkeepingrecordofthebird’sdailylifethroughsocialmediapostingsandvideos.Peoplehavenotedhoweffortlesslytheduckmovesthroughthewater.Thisweek,NewYork’snewestcelebrityseemedtoenjoyitsfame,showingoffitswingswhilemembersofthe“quackarazzi”pushedeachothertogetacloserlook.LeesaBeckmanntraveledovertwohoursfromherhomeinNewJerseytoseetheduck.Shesaysher90-year-oldmotherhasbeentalkingallabouttheducksinceitsfirstappearance.“I’vegottoseethis...duck,”Beckmanntoldhermother.Sheplanstotakepicturesandgivethemtohermother.BirdexpertPaulSweetheadsalargecollectionofbirdspeciesattheNewYork-basedAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory.HesaysthereisnothingspecialaboutaMandarinduckinCentralPark.CentralParkZoohasitsownMandarinduck,hesays.TheseducksareoftenimportedtotheUnitedStatesfromAsiaforuseonprivateproperty.“Alotofnon-birderstendtosee(colorful)birdsasmorebeautiful,”Sweetsaid,“Buttome,it’snomorebeautifulthan,say,asparrow.”24．Fromthepassagewecanknow_______A．NewYorkersarealwaysexcitedaboutnewthings.B．AsuperstarisgivingaperformanceinManhattan’sCentralPark.C．Birdloversareinterestedinrecordingthelifeofthenew“guest”.D．EveryoneagreesMandarinduckisanewspecies.25．ManyNewYorkerslikethebirdforthereasonthat_____.A．It’sfamousinHollywoodfilms.B．Ithasabeautifulcolorandlikestoshowitswings.C．Theycantakelotsofpicturesandsellformoney.D．Theyareluckyandprecious.26．PaulSweetmayagreethat______.A．Hismotherwillsurelylikethepicturesofthebirds.B．“Quackarazzi”isagoodnamefortheduck.C．NewYorkersneedtoprotectthenewspecies.D．MandarinduckcanbebroughtintoAmericafromothercountriesforuse.27．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?A．ColorfulMandarinDuckExcitesNewYorkersB．ComeandMeetMandarinduckinCentralParkC．MandarinDuckinCentralPark---ARareSpeciesD．AMostBeautifulBird【答案】24．C25．B26．D27．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了紐約人對(duì)名人不感興趣，但是對(duì)一只鴛鴦卻充滿了好奇。24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Birdlovershavebeenkeepingrecordofthebird’sdailylifethroughsocialmediapostingsandvideos.(鳥類愛好者們通過社交媒體上的帖子和視頻來記錄這只鳥的日常生活)”可知，鳥類愛好者們對(duì)這只新客人很感興趣。故選C。25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“There,hundredsofpeopleturnupeveryday,hopingtoseethebirdshowoffitsextremelycolorfulfeathers.Manypeopleliketheduckbecauseitscolorsarelike“sunsets,”saysNewYorkerJoeAmato.(數(shù)以百計(jì)的人每天來這里，希望能看到這只鳥展示它非常多彩的羽毛。紐約人JoeAmato說，很多人喜歡這只鴛鴦是因?yàn)樗纳氏瘛叭章洹?”以及第四段“Thisweek,NewYork’snewestcelebrityseemedtoenjoyitsfame,showingoffitswingswhilemembersofthe“quackarazzi”pushedeachothertogetacloserlook.(這周，當(dāng)這些關(guān)注這只鳥的人互相推搡，以便近距離觀察時(shí)，紐約的最新名人似乎很享受它的名聲，炫耀著它的翅膀)”可知，很多紐約人喜歡這只鳥的原因是因?yàn)樗矚g展示自己的翅膀以及它的羽毛的色彩。故選B。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“CentralParkZoohasitsownMandarinduck,hesays.TheseducksareoftenimportedtotheUnitedStatesfromAsiaforuseonprivateproperty.(中央公園有自己的鴛鴦，他說。這些鴛鴦經(jīng)常從亞洲引進(jìn)到美國作為私有物)”可知，鴛鴦可以從其他國家進(jìn)口到美國。故選D。27．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ButNewYorkhasanewmediastar.Andthisstarisnotlivingsoquietly.ThestarisacolorfulMandarinduck.(但是紐約有了一個(gè)新的媒體明星。并且這個(gè)明星生活的并不安靜。這個(gè)明星是一只彩色的鴛鴦)”以及下文的描述可知，這篇文章主要講的是一只彩色的鴛鴦引起了紐約人的興趣。故選A。CLichens(地衣)Lichenslooklikesplashesofpaintleftbehindbyacarelesspainter.Unlikemanyplants,theydonotrequiresoiltogrow.Theygrowontrunkoftreesinsteamingtropicalrainforests,onfarmers’fenceposts,onthebricksofbig-citybuildings,andonoldgravestones.Lichenscantolerateextremesofclimate.Theygrowonrocksinhotsprings,onwind-sweptmountaintops,andonstonesinthedriestdeserts.IntheArctic,lichensaretheprincipalsourceoffoodforreindeer.WholemountainsidesinAntarcticaappeargreenandorangebecauseofthepresenceoflichens;theyareoneofthefewplantsthatcansurvivethere.Theyareamongtheoldestofknownplants.Recently,scientistsdiscoveredlichenfossilsonarockinamineinsouthwestChinathatdateback600millionyears.Whenconditionsbecomeharsh,lichensbecomedormant(休眠).Ifthereisnotenoughmoisture,theysimplydryup,butashortrainorevenaheavydewgivesthemnewlife.Whengrowingonrocksurfaces,lichensproduceacidsthatdissolve(溶解)theminerals,contributingtotheprocessofweatheringbywhichrocksareslowlyturnedtosoil.Thispropertyenableslichenstobepioneers.Theyappearonbarrenrockrubbedcleanbyglaciers,fires,lavaflows,orfloods,beginningtheprocessofsoilformationthatallowsmosses(苔蘚)andotherplantstolatertakeroot.But,despitetheirhardiness,lichensareextremelysensitivetoairborneparticles(顆粒).That’swhytheyserveasanearlywarningsystemforairpollution.Itistheacidslichensproducethatgivethemtheirdistinctivecolors.Lichensareoftenspokenofinthesamebreathasmosses,andsomelichensareevencalledmosses,buttruemossesarealldistinctivelygreen,whereaslichensappearinmanyvividcolors.Atonetime,acidsfromlichenswereusedtomakedyes,suchasthepurpledye,thebluedye,andthereddye,andtheyaresometimesstillusedthatwaytoday.Somelichens,suchasoakmoss,containoilsthatproducefragrantodorsusedinscentedsoaps,cosmeticsandperfumes.Somelichensarealsoknowntohaveantibioticpropertiestokillbacteria.Sodefinitearetheform,color,andcharacteristicsoftheseorganismsthatforhundredsofyearslichenswereconstantlyunderscientists’microscope.28．Whatcharacteristicoflichensismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph1?A．Theygrowonlyonrocksurfaces.B．Theyliveprimarilyincoldplaces.C．Theyhaveadaptedtoawidevarietyofenvironments.D．Theyliveinremotelocationsfarfromhumancommunities.29．Theauthorrefertolichensaspioneersinparagraph2becausethey__________.A．havetheirprimitivestructureB．growinareasbeforeotherplantsdoC．a(chǎn)refoundinremotepartsoftheworldD．developsoearlyinthehistoryoftheplanet30．Accordingtoparagraph3,humansuselichensinthefollowingwaysEXCEPT__________.A．a(chǎn)sameansofcoloringclothingB．a(chǎn)satypeofmedicineC．a(chǎn)sasourceoffoodD．a(chǎn)saningredientinperfume31．Whichofthefollowingcaseswouldbeprobablydealtwithinthenextparagraph?A．LichensareimportantinCanadabecauseoftheirabundanceinthenorth.B．Extractsoflichensweresoldasherbalmedicinestofacilitatehairgrowth.C．GlacierPark’svastarrayoflichensindicaterelativelygoodairquality.D．AGermanbotanistfirstfoundlichensarecomposedoftwolifeforms.【答案】28．C29．B30．C31．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了地衣，包括其各種各樣的生長環(huán)境和用途。28．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theygrowontrunkoftreesinsteamingtropicalrainforests,onfarmers’fenceposts,onthebricksofbig-citybuildings,andonoldgravestones.Lichenscantolerateextremesofclimate.Theygrowonrocksinhotsprings,onwind-sweptmountaintops,andonstonesinthedriestdeserts.IntheArctic,lichensaretheprincipalsourceoffoodforreindeer.WholemountainsidesinAntarcticaappeargreenandorangebecauseofthepresenceoflichens;theyareoneofthefewplantsthatcansurvivethere.Theyareamongtheoldestofknownplants.Recently,scientistsdiscoveredlichenfossilsonarockinamineinsouthwestChinathatdateback600millionyears.(它們生長在熱帶雨林的樹干上，生長在農(nóng)民的籬笆柱上，生長在大城市建筑的磚塊上，生長在古老的墓碑上。地衣可以忍受極端的氣候。它們生長在溫泉的巖石上，風(fēng)吹過的山頂上，以及最干燥的沙漠里的石頭上。在北極，地衣是馴鹿的主要食物來源。南極洲的整個(gè)山坡因?yàn)榈匾碌拇嬖诙尸F(xiàn)出綠色和橙色；它們是少數(shù)能在那里生存的植物之一。它們是已知最古老的植物之一。最近，科學(xué)家們?cè)谥袊髂喜康囊粋€(gè)礦山的巖石上發(fā)現(xiàn)了地衣化石，可以追溯到6億年前。)”可知，第一段主要介紹了地衣生長在各種不同的環(huán)境中，由此可推知，地衣已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了各種各樣的環(huán)境。故選C。29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Whengrowingonrocksurfaces,lichensproduceacidsthatdissolve(溶解)theminerals,contributingtotheprocessofweatheringbywhichrocksareslowlyturnedtosoil.Thispropertyenableslichenstobepioneers.Theyappearonbarrenrockrubbedcleanbyglaciers,fires,lavaflows,orfloods,beginningtheprocessofsoilformationthatallowsmosses(苔蘚)andotherplantstolatertakeroot.(當(dāng)?shù)匾律L在巖石表面時(shí)，會(huì)產(chǎn)生酸性物質(zhì)溶解礦物質(zhì)，促進(jìn)巖石慢慢變成土壤的風(fēng)化過程。這種特性使地衣成為先鋒。它們出現(xiàn)在被冰川、火災(zāi)、熔巖流或洪水沖刷干凈的貧瘠巖石上，開始了土壤形成的過程，使苔蘚和其他植物后來生根。)”可知，地衣生長在巖石表面，促進(jìn)巖石慢慢變成土壤的風(fēng)化過程，形成土壤，這讓苔蘚和其他植物能生根，由此可推知，作者在第二段中將地衣稱為先驅(qū)，是因?yàn)樗鼈兿扔谄渌参铮钕仍趲r石上生長的。故選B。30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Atonetime,acidsfromlichenswereusedtomakedyes,suchasthepurpledye,thebluedye,andthereddye,andtheyaresometimesstillusedthatwaytoday.Somelichens,suchasoakmoss,containoilsthatproducefragrantodorsusedinscentedsoaps,cosmeticsandperfumes.Somelichensarealsoknowntohaveantibioticpropertiestokillbacteria.(曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間，地衣中的酸被用來制造染料，比如紫色染料、藍(lán)色染料和紅色染料，它們有時(shí)至今仍被用于制造染料。一些地衣，例如橡樹苔，含有可以產(chǎn)生芳香氣味的油，用于香皂、化妝品和香水。一些地衣也具有殺菌的抗生素特性。)”可知，人類使用地衣作為染料，香水的原料，以及作為一種藥物，C選項(xiàng)“作為食物來源”沒有提到。故選C。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Sodefinitearetheform,color,andcharacteristicsoftheseorganismsthatforhundredsofyearslichenswereconstantlyunderscientists’microscope.(這些生物的形態(tài)、顏色和特征是如此的明確，以至于幾百年來，地衣一直在科學(xué)家的顯微鏡下。)”可知，文章最后一段主要指出幾百年來，科學(xué)家一直在顯微鏡下觀察研究地衣，由此可推知，文章接下來會(huì)講科學(xué)家在顯微鏡下對(duì)地衣的發(fā)現(xiàn)，D項(xiàng)“AGermanbotanistfirstfoundlichensarecomposedoftwolifeforms.(一位德國植物學(xué)家首次發(fā)現(xiàn)地衣是由兩種生命形式組成的。)”符合文意。故選D。DIfyouliveinWashington,D．C．,orRedwood,Calif.,youmayhaveglimpsedasmall,boxyrobotrollingalongalocalsidewalk,mindingit’sownbusiness,butattractingtheattentionofmanyacuriousonlooker.TheautonomousmachineswerepartofapilotprogramlastyearbyStarshipTechnologiesfocusedondeliveringmealsfromlocalrestaurantsindozensofcitiesaroundtheworld.“Today,morethanever,peopleleadabusyanddiverselife,”LexBayer,Starship’sCEO,saidinastatementonline.“Thehassleofneedingtorearrangeyourlifeforadeliverywillbecomeathingofthepast.Youdon’thavetoswitchyourworkingfromhomeday,reschedulemeetings,visitalocker,drivetoapostofficeorcontactadeliverymanallbecauseofamisseddelivery.”Thepackagedeliveryserviceisnotavailabletoeveryonejustyet.Thecompanysaidit’srollingouttheserviceinMiltonKeynes,England.Thewheeledrobotshaveatopspeedof4mphandcandetectobstaclesfromasfaras30feetaway.“Therobotcanoperatethroughjustaboutanything,”NickHandrick,headofoperationsforStarship’sD．C．office,toldTheWashingtonPost'sMauraJudkislastyear.“Ifyouhadsomethingintheway—astick—it’sabletoclimbtheedgesofaroad.”Bygivingcustomerscontrolofwhendeliveriesoccur,StarshipTechnologiesisofferingitsserviceasawaytobattlepackagetheft.Initsannouncement,thecompanycitedstatisticsfromaWakefieldResearchPollforComcastlastyearthatfoundthat3in10Americanswholiveinhousesortownhouseshavehadpackagesstolen.Tosignupfortheservice,whichcostsalittlemorethan$10permonth,customersneedtodownloadthecompany'sapp.Customersthencreatea“StarshipDeliveryAddress,”auniqueaddressinsideaStarshipfacility,insteadofaresidence,wheretheycanhavepackagessentfromplacessuchasAmazon,com.OnceapackageisdeliveredtotheStarshipaddress,customersreceiveatextthatallowsthemtoscheduleahomedeliveryviarobot.32．Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“hassle”inparagraph2?A．failure B．expectation C．safety D．trouble33．Whatproblemisthedeliveryrobotfacing?A．Thereisalimittoitsservicearea.B．Ittakeslongertodeliverpackages.C．Itcoversashortdistanceeachtime.D．Itcan’tsensethebarriers20feetaway.34．Howdoesthepackagebyarobotavoidbeingstolen?A．Thecompanyshortensthedeliveryhour.B．Thepackageisdeliveredtothehousedirectly.C．Itsdeliverytimeisinthecontrolofcustomers.D．Thecustomersareinformedofitsdeliverytimeinadvance.35．WhatcanbeinferredaboutStarshipDeliveryAddressinthelastparagraph?A．Itisarealhomeaddressofthecustomers.B．Itcanarrangedeliveryrobotsforthecustomers.C．Itisacheapersolutiontothedeliveryofpackages.D．Itsendsthepackagesmainlytosomeshoppingplatforms.【答案】32．D33．A34．C35．B【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新科技發(fā)明——世界上第一個(gè)機(jī)器人包裹遞送服務(wù)。32．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的內(nèi)容介紹的人工投遞的不便之處可知，此處指為快遞而重新安排生活的麻煩將成為過去，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“麻煩”，故D項(xiàng)正確。33．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thepackagedeliveryserviceisnotavailabletoeveryonejustyet”可知，快遞機(jī)器人面對(duì)的問題是包裹遞送服務(wù)還沒有提供給每一個(gè)人，也就是說它的服務(wù)范圍有限，故A項(xiàng)正確。34．34.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Bygivingcustomerscontrolofwhendeliveriesoccur,StarshipTechnologiesisofferingitsserviceasawaytobattlepackagetheft”可知，通過讓客戶控制送貨時(shí)間，該公司將其服務(wù)定位為打擊包裹盜竊的一種方式，故C項(xiàng)正確。35．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句“OnceapackageisdeliveredtotheStarshipaddress,customersreceiveatextthatallowsthemtoscheduleahomedeliveryviarobot”可知，一旦包裹被送到StarshipDeliveryAddress，客戶就會(huì)收到一個(gè)文本，允許他們通過機(jī)器人安排一次家庭遞送，由此可知，它能夠?yàn)轭櫩蜏?zhǔn)備好遞送機(jī)器人，故B項(xiàng)正確。【點(diǎn)睛】詞義猜測(cè)題的難度較大，抓住畫線詞后起解釋說明或舉例說明作用的句子是關(guān)鍵，例如本篇第1題，根據(jù)畫線詞后的“Youdon’thavetoswitchyourworkingfromhomeday,reschedulemeetings,visitalocker,drivetoapostofficeorcontactadeliverymanallbecauseofamisseddelivery.”可知，介紹人工投遞的不便之處可知，你不必因而錯(cuò)過了送貨而在家里工作、重新安排會(huì)議、去儲(chǔ)物柜、開車去郵局或聯(lián)系快遞員，這些都是人工投遞的不便之處，此處指為快遞而重新安排生活的麻煩將成為過去的事情，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“麻煩”。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。MystudentsfrequentlyaskmehowIplannedoutmycareertobecomepresidentofFidelityInvestments.Ialwaystellthem,“Therewasnograndplan;Ibackedintomycareeronestepatatime.”Inthistougheconomyandever-changingworld,itismoreimportantthanevertosmartlyevaluateeachstepinyourcareer.Toprepareforwhateversurpriseslieahead,trytomakechoicestodaythatwillmaximizeyouroptionsinthefuture.36Gainingtransferable(可轉(zhuǎn)移的)knowledgebeginswiththechoicesyoumakeatschool.Youwantyoureducationtoprovideyouwiththenecessaryskillsandexpertisetosucceedinawidevarietyofjobs.37Ifavorthosethatinvolveextensivewriting,rigorousanalysis,orquantita