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賓語(yǔ)從句詳解GrammarNounclausesastheobjectandpredicative

名詞性從句賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)Unit3英語(yǔ)句子的種類簡(jiǎn)單句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)復(fù)合句(complexsentence)英語(yǔ)句子概論簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型Theweatherisverycold.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(連系動(dòng)詞)+表語(yǔ)Helaughed.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(vi.)Ilike

Chinesefood.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(vt.)+賓語(yǔ)Shetaughtthem

physics.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(vt.)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)Wemustkeeptheroomwarm.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(vt.)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

1.You'dbetterstartearly,oryouwillbelate.2.Jimstudiedhardallthetime,andhepassedtheexamscuccessfully.3.Iknowwherehelives,butIdon'tknowtheexactaddress.4.Ihaveneverheardofthebook,soIknownothingaboutit.并列句:簡(jiǎn)單句+and\or\but\so+簡(jiǎn)單句復(fù)合句:主句+從句名詞性從句定語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句1.TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom.2.Becauseitisraining,wehavetostayathome.定語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句3.Iknow(that)heisfromAmerica.(賓語(yǔ)從句)名詞性從句---Wangcaiisadogthat/whichcanguardhouse.I’llneverforgetthedaywhentheearthquakehappened.定語(yǔ)從句用關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞關(guān)系詞1.Shewonderedifthebuseswouldstillberunning.2.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句

在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞,在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等名詞性從句:ObjectClauses

賓語(yǔ)從句什么是賓語(yǔ)?Iknowhim.Doyouhavethetime?Whydon’tyoupayattentiontome?Ienjoyworkingwithyou.

賓語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或者介詞后

Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(簡(jiǎn)單句)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句連接詞從句主語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)

主句(復(fù)合句)句子做賓語(yǔ)就是賓語(yǔ)從句,跟在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后句子結(jié)構(gòu):主句+連接詞(引導(dǎo)詞)+賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句三要素引導(dǎo)詞(連接詞)語(yǔ)序時(shí)態(tài)句子類型that陳述句一般疑問(wèn)句If/whether(是否)特殊疑問(wèn)詞特殊疑問(wèn)句一、連接詞(引導(dǎo)詞)

1.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是陳述句時(shí)(包括肯定句和否定句),連詞由that引導(dǎo),因?yàn)閠hat在從句中不作任何成分,也沒(méi)有任何具體意思,因此在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.

Shesays(that)shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.賓語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下不能省略:(1)當(dāng)that從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),第二個(gè)that不能?。唬?)當(dāng)that作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),that不可省掉。(3)用it做形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.2.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí),由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo),“是否”,不能省略Lilywantedtoknow

if/whether

hergrandmalikedthehandbag.Let’ssee

if/whether

wecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.a.當(dāng)有ornot時(shí)就用whether,不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句不能用if.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.注意whether和if的使用區(qū)別Practicetimeif/whether

1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

3.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.

4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhether3.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí),由疑問(wèn)詞(what,who,whom,which;whose;

when,where,how,why等)引導(dǎo),因?yàn)橐蓡?wèn)詞在從句中擔(dān)任一定的句子成分,具有一定的意義,所以不可以省略Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idon’trememberwhen/wherewearrived.Iaskedhimwhere/how/whyIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewho\whom\whatwehavetosee.二、時(shí)態(tài)1.如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài),從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定,(包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí),一般將來(lái)時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等)Iknowheliveshere.(live)Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.(live)Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.(come)2.如果主句是過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài),那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用相對(duì)應(yīng)的過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(包括一般過(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí))Iknewwholivedhere.(live)Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.(talkwith)Hewaswonderingwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.(comeback)Hesaidthathehadseenit.(see)3.當(dāng)從句是客觀真理,定義,公理,定理時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.(travel)Theteachertoldmeshe____(be)

bornin1960.Iheardthatshe____(go)

toParislastnight.4.從句中有具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),即使從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作前,仍用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。wentwas1.Mikeinsistedthatwe_________________(be)lateforschool.2.Thedoctororderedthatshe_____________(stay)inbedforafewdays.(should)notbe(should)stay注意:在下列動(dòng)詞接that從句中用“should+動(dòng)原”一個(gè)“堅(jiān)持”insist(堅(jiān)持要)兩個(gè)“命令”command,order(命令)

三個(gè)“建議”suggest,propose,advise四個(gè)“要求”request,ask,demand,require三、語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序用陳述語(yǔ)序:主句+連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分I’mwonderingwhatshewantstoeat.1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.

2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.

What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?Whathappened?

注:當(dāng)從句的原句為以下句子以及what,who作主語(yǔ)時(shí),語(yǔ)序不變:Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Thedoctoraskedwhatwaswrong(withher).Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Canyoutellmewhoheis?做主語(yǔ)做表語(yǔ)否定的轉(zhuǎn)移

若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等,其后的賓語(yǔ)從句若含有否定意義,一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上,從句謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.Idon’tthinkyouareright.

我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。我認(rèn)為你是錯(cuò)的。

Idon’tbelieveyoucanfinishtheworktoday.

我認(rèn)為你今天無(wú)法完成工作。

1.Wewonderhowweshalldonext.2.Couldyoutellmewherearetheyhavingapicnic?3.IamsorrythatIdon’tknowyouwantto

takepartinthecompetition.whatdidn’ttheyareExercise:correctornot4.Ididn’tknowthatyouwillcome.5.Hesaidthatheiswritingastory.6.Couldyoutellmewhenwillhearrive?7.YoucanbegintoseewhydoesEnglishhavesuchstrangerules.____would___was______hewill______________EnglishhasExercise:multical-choice1.Idon’tknow____wecanliveontheislandwithoutfood.A.whereBwhatChowDthat2.Couldyoutellme___________________?Awhereisthepark?Bwho’sonduty?Cwhosebookisthis?Dwhataretheydoing?3Theteachertoldusthattheearth_____aroundthesun.AmovedBmovesCmoveDmoving4.Ididn’tknowthatMr.Smith______yet.hasreturnedBhasreturnedChadreturnedDreturned5.

Wedon'tknow______theydidit.Wedon’tknow______theydid.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which

BBCCACPredicativeClauses

表語(yǔ)從句一、表語(yǔ)從句定義:Thequestioniswhowilldoit.表語(yǔ)從句放在連系動(dòng)詞之后,充當(dāng)復(fù)合句中的表語(yǔ)。

表語(yǔ)從句LinkingVerbs(連系動(dòng)詞)

除動(dòng)詞be以外,還有一些后面可接表語(yǔ)的特殊連系動(dòng)詞,如:look,smell,taste,sound,feel,fall,come,go(變成…),become,grow(漸漸地變化),turn(變成,一般用于顏色),appear,seem,get,keep,remain,stay等。二、表語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成Hissuggestionisthat

weshouldstaycalm.Thatiswhy

shewaslate.引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞主系+連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分三、引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞1.從屬連詞as,asif/though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句

Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.2.because,why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句例句:(1)That’sbecausehedidn’tunderstandme.(2)That’swhyhegotangrywithme.那是因?yàn)樗焕斫馕?。那正是他?duì)我生氣的原因。(強(qiáng)調(diào)原因)(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)3.連接代詞who,whom,whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever,連接副詞where,when,how(1)Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.(2)Thequestionishowhedidit.(3)Thatiswherehewasborn.

問(wèn)題是我們能找到誰(shuí)去替換她呢。問(wèn)題是他如何做此事的。那就是他出生的地方。4.從屬連詞that,whether(1)ThetroubleisthatIhavelostheraddress.(2)Myquestioniswhetherheleft(ornot).麻煩是我把她的地址弄丟了。我的問(wèn)題是他是否離開(kāi)了。that在表語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,也沒(méi)有任何意義。

四.使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表語(yǔ)從句在表示建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”表示,should可省略。常見(jiàn)的詞有:advice,suggestion,order,proposal,plan等。

Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.注意A表語(yǔ)從句一定要用陳述語(yǔ)序。Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.B不可以用if,而用whether連接表語(yǔ)從句(asif例外)。Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.C不像賓語(yǔ)從句,在有表語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中,主句時(shí)態(tài)和從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不一致。

Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.Dthat在表語(yǔ)從句中不可以省略。LaoYang’ssuggestionisthatwe(should)turnthelandintoricefield.What’stroublingmeisIdon’thavemuchexperienceinthiskindofwork.注意:在表語(yǔ)從句中,表“是否”時(shí),只能用“whether”不能用“If”。一般情況下,“that”不能省。

Itis/wasbecause….(這是因?yàn)椋㊣tis/waswhy….(這就是為什么…)4.Thereasonisthat…(原因是…)5.Thereason(why…/for…)i

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