2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第32講閱讀七選五段首設(shè)空題（核心考點）（原卷版）

第32講閱讀七選五段首設(shè)空題（核心考點精講精練）三年真題七選五段首設(shè)空題考點細(xì)目表試卷年份體裁主題語境文章結(jié)構(gòu)選項特征設(shè)空位置段首段中段位乙卷2023說明文人與自然室內(nèi)植物、及其好處總—分殘缺句＋完整句032甲卷2023說明文人與自我變得有耐心的方法總—分殘缺句＋完整句131新高考Ⅰ卷2023說明文人與自我學(xué)會自我原諒總—分—總完整句041新高考Ⅱ卷2023說明文人與自我怎樣開啟藝術(shù)之旅總—分—總完整句131全國卷Ⅰ/全國乙卷2022應(yīng)用文人與社會——人際關(guān)系總—分殘缺句＋完整句3112021說明文人與社會——人際交往總—分—總殘缺句＋完整句2212020說明文人與自我——自我接納總—分完整句1312019說明文人與自然——新鮮空氣有助于健康總—分完整句230全國卷Ⅱ/全國甲卷2022說明文人與社會——社會與文化總—分—總殘缺句＋完整句1312021說明文人與自然——環(huán)境保護(hù)總—分殘缺句＋完整句1402020說明文人與社會——表情符號與職場交流并列式殘缺句＋完整句1402019議論文人與自我——有動力的方法總—分完整句140全國卷Ⅲ2020說明文人與社會——喬遷聚會總—分完整句2212019說明文人與自我——建立健康有益的互動交流總—分完整句1312.命題規(guī)律及備考策略【命題規(guī)律】從近三年高考試題來看，英語閱讀理解“七選五”空位置題目在段首多考查：主旨句或承上啟下句?！緜淇疾呗浴?．廣泛閱讀，尤其是內(nèi)容貼近生活、貼近時代的“關(guān)愛自我、關(guān)注社會、關(guān)心環(huán)境”型材料。2．培養(yǎng)和提升語篇理解能力、邏輯思辨能力，樹立“語篇框架(脈絡(luò))”意識，具體方式如下：【命題預(yù)測】從近三年命題的發(fā)展趨勢來看，預(yù)測2024年高考閱讀理解七選五試題仍然以結(jié)構(gòu)鮮明的指導(dǎo)類說明文為主，段首句也是考查重點。題型總覽若問題在段首，通常是段落主題句。若是針對段落小標(biāo)題設(shè)空。其呈現(xiàn)形式應(yīng)和其他小標(biāo)題相同。選項應(yīng)短小精評，多為名詞詞組、動名詞短語或祈使向。若段落首句設(shè)空，段首句要么與段落標(biāo)題相關(guān)聯(lián)，要么是段落主題句。選項要有概括性?？键c一小標(biāo)題或段落主題句（2023年新高考II卷）·___19___Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反饋)iscrucialtogrowth.Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand,inturn,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.Theymakemefeelvaluedandrespected,nomattermylevelofartisticability.AGetoutofyourfortzone.B.Makecareerplansandsetgoals.C.Don’tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.D.Shareyourworkifyoufeelfortabledoingso.E.You’llhitroadblocks,andyou’llfeeldiscouragedattimes.F.Evaluateyourperformanceand,ifneeded,redefineyourrole.G.You’lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlyeswithrepetition.[2023·湖北省華中師范大學(xué)第一附屬中學(xué)第二次學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量評價檢測]____4____Andnotalwaysinagoodway.Forexample,inone2011study,teensdoingadrivingtaskinalabtookmoreriskswhentheirfriendswerearound.Researchersalsolookedattheteens’brainsduringthistask.Theysawactivityinapartofthebrainthat’sinvolvedinrewards,whichsuggeststheteenswerechangingtheirbehaviortotrytogetsocialapproval.A．Itcanalsolowertheviewer’sselfcontrol.B．Apopularpostdoesn’tnecessarilymeanitisaqualitypost.C．It’snosurprise:Feedbackfrompeersaffectshowteensbehave.D．Theirbrainsrespondtothoselikesbyturningontherewardcenter.E．Andthatcan,inappropriately,makeusfeellesssuccessfulthanthem.F．Butthose“l(fā)ikes”canhavepowerthatgoesbeyondasimpleconnection.G．Mostofwhattheydoisreadandrespondtopostsbyfriendsandfamily.考點二注釋小標(biāo)題(2023·全國甲卷·片段)●___19___.Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeingfortableistheonlystatewewilltolerate,andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourfortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.Youshouldlearntosaytoyourself,“___20Learningabouttherequirementsofeachplantcanbeveryrewarding___.”You’llthengraduallybeemorepatient.[2023·江蘇省蘇北七市高三二模]Conscious(有意識的)livingisnotjustatrend.____1____Itisaboutbeingintentionalwitheverythingyoudo—yourwords,actions,beliefs,habits,andchoices.Acceptingconsciouslivingtakessomeeffort,butitisworthwhile.Herearesomewaysyoucanachievethisgoal.●Beconsciousaboutyourtime.Timeisthemostpreciousthingbecausethereisnowaytoliveamomentagain.____2____Ifyouwasteyourprecioushoursdoingnegativethings,youwillregretitlater.Thefirststepforlivingconsciouslyistobewiseaboutyourtime.Beselectiveaboutthingsyouspenditon,andallocate(分配)itforpositiveactivities.●____3____Youcannotachievethemunlessyouunderstandyourneedsandintentions.Itiseasiersaidthandonebecausemostpeoplefailtomakeanefforttoknowthemselves.Spendtimethinkingoverandknowingyourstrengthsandweaknesses.Onceyouknowyourselfbetter,youcancreateaplantoworktowardsbeingmorepatient,honest,andforgiving.A．Knowyourselfbetter.B．Acceptthepersonyouare.C．Lifecanbealotbetterwiththerightdecisions.D．Itisahealthychoicethatenablesyoutobehappy.E．Pickitasadailyhabit,andyouwillnoticethedifference.F．Thewayyouspendyourtimedeterminesthecourseofyourlife.G．Thebestwaytobuildselfbeliefisbyreflectingonyourownthoughts.【2023·安徽省皖江聯(lián)盟高三最后一卷聯(lián)考】____39____Askyourselfwhysomanypeoplearedrawntocountlesstraveltripsordestinations.Evenifyoudisagreewitheverythingthattravelagenciessay,exploringtheviewpointsmightexplainwhysomeroutesthatdon’tseemvalidtoyouappealtoothers.Thiswillallowyoutoexplorealternatives,evaluateyourownchoices,andultimatelyhelpyoumakemoreinformeddecisions.A．Exploreotherpointsofview.B．Applytheinformationcollected.C．Inotherwords,gettoknowwhatyou’relookingfor.D．Thenwhataboutthelongtermenvironmentaleffects?E．Butitcanhelpusincreasethenumberofpositivechoiceswemake.F．Therefore,askyourselfaboutwhatinterestsyoumostandwhatisneeded.G．Ithelpsyouweighdifferentoptions,movingyouclosertoawiserdecision.考點三段落間的過渡句(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·節(jié)選)Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.38.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.39OnourfirstmorninginParis,Iwentaroundthecornertothefoodmarkettopickupsomegroceries.Iboughtahandfulofperfectlyripesmallstrawberriesandalittlesweetmelon.MyhusbandandIagreedtheywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18!InFrance,qualityoflifeismuchmoreimportantthanefficiency(效率)．Youcantellthisbycafélife.Frenchcafésarealwayscrowded.40.Notallthecustomersaretourists.Whendothesepeoplework?TheFrenchtaketheir35hourworkweekseriously—soseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystruckadealwithagroupofpanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall.B．ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C．Therewasanicekitchenandafortablebed.D．Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E．That'snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F．Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.[2023·湖北省十一校第二次聯(lián)考]Ifyou’vehadabadnight’ssleep,oryou’vejustgottoomuchtodo,thelastthingyouwanttobetoldisto“bepositive!”____1____.Ofcourse,developingapositiveattitudeiseasiersaidthandoneitdoesn’tenaturallytoeveryone.Whenyou’refeelingdown,itishardtobeoptimistic.Butastudyhasfoundthatpeoplewhoareoptimistsaremorelikelytolivelongerthanthosewhohaveamorenegativeapproachtolife.So,maybeonceyouthinkofalongerlife,____2____Thestudyconcludedthatoptimistsmayfinditeasiertocontrolemotionsandgetlessstressed.Andasstressimpactsontheimmunesystem,____3____.ProfessorLewinaLeefromBostonUniversitysaid:“Ourfindingsspeaktothepossibilitythatraisinglevelsofoptimismmaypromotelongevityandhealthyaging.”Andsheadvisesthatpessimistscouldbenefitfromdoingthingslikeimaginingafuturewhereeverythingturnsoutwell.Butifyou’rea‘glasshalfempty’typeofperson,couldseeingtheworldthroughrosetintedglassesworkforyou?Everybeanhasitsblack.____4____Somepeoplesayit’sbesttocelebratethepositivesandignorethenegativepartsofourlives.____5____.VickiSiskasays“Musicfeedsmysoul,asenseofhumourkeepsthingsinperspective”.PippaKennedysays“beinggratefulforwhatyouhave!”O(jiān)therpeopleremenddoingyogaandmeditationaswellasstayingfittohelpmaintainapositiveoutlookonlife.A．AcceptingthishelpsuscontrolouremotionsB．AcceptitandmakeeffortstoimproveyourselfC．it’spossiblethatoptimistsbetterhandleinfectionsD．ButhavingthismindsetcouldhavemanybenefitsE．ButitcouldhelpyouhaveapositiveoutlookonlifeF．itmightencourageyoutohaveamorehopefuloutlookonlifeG．Peoplehavetheirpersonaladviceonkeepingapositiveapproachtolife過關(guān)檢測（2023·湖南長沙·雅禮中學(xué)?？既＃〢ctivelisteningisavaluableskillinwhichthelistenermakesaconsciousefforttounderstandthespeaker’sentiremessage.Belowarefivebenefitsofactivelisteningandwhattheycandoforyouatwork.Activelisteningcanhelpachieveunderstanding.Theconflictresolutionskillsofdifferentpeoplevary.1Veryoftenweonlyhearwhatwewanttohear.However,beingabletounderstandanotherpointofviewpletelycanavoidmanypotentiallynegativeoutes.Activelisteningcanresolveconflict.Peopleinvolvedinconflictoftenfeelmisunderstood.2Ifyouaimtoresolveconflictsatwork,andencourageotherstodothesame,youmustbeginbylisteningtotheopposingpointofviewobjectively.Activelisteningisanessentialpartoflearning.3Activelisteningisaskillthatallowsyoutoacquiretheknowledgewhichcouldleadyourpanyintoabetterfuture.4Listeningtothewholemessagemeansyou’reengagingonadeeperlevelwiththespeaker.Itallowsyoutoabsorbmoreprecisedetailsfromtheconversationitself.Ifyou’rereceivinginstructionsortraining,youwillbeabletorecalldetailsmoreeasily.Activelisteningcanhelpyoubeeagoodleader.Asaleader,whenyoulistentowhatyourfollowershavetosay,youunderstandthembetter.5You’llbeabletoworkoutwithcolleaguesoremployeesaboutwhereimprovementscanbemadeforthebenefitofallinvolved.A．Activelisteningcanhelpindealingwithemergencies.B．Inturn,yourworkplacemunicationskillswillimprove.C．Leadersshouldalwaysbeopentoexploringsomethingnew.D．Activelisteningwillhelpavoidmissingimportantinformation.E．Somepeoplenaturallyknowhowtostepintosomeoneelse’sshoes.F．Thereasontheyargueisthattheydon’tfullyknoweachother’spositions.G．It’seasytobeedistractedwhensomeoneisspeakingtousinaworkplace.（2023·云南·云南師大附中?？寄M預(yù)測）HowtoOvereFearEveryoneexperiencesfearsometimes.Fearcanactuallyhelpkeepyousafebyalertingyoutopotentiallydangeroussituations.6.Fortunately,therearethingsyoucandotoaddressyourfearsandminimizetheimpactithasonyou.7.Itisquitenormaltofear.However,whenfearsbegintotakeoveryourlifeandaffectyourfunctioning,theybeeaproblem.Reflectonyourfearsandnoticehowmuchtheyaffectyourlife.Realizethatit’sokaytohavefears.Fearisanadaptivefunctionthatprolongsourlives.Feartriggersa“fightorflight”response,whichreadiesourbodiestotakeactioninordertoprotectourselves.Understandyourtriggers.Isitsomethingobvious,likethesightofasnakeonatrail?Figureouteverythingthattriggersyourfear.8.Imaginetheouteyoudesire.Nowthatyoubetterunderstandyourfear,thinkaboutwhatexactlyyouwanttochange.9.Howdoyoufeel?Practiceengagingwiththefear.Thepowertolabelyouremotionsisbeneficialforselfunderstandingandemotionalintelligence.Makeyourfearasourceoffascination.Trytoreframeyourfearinapositivelightandacknowledgethethrillitcanoffer.Whenyoustartseeingfearasasourceofenergy,youmightevenembraceitsroleinyourlife.10.Oncethedisfortoftheinitialwaveoffearpasses,examineitmorecloselytoseewhatyoucanlearn.A．However,therearetimeswhenfearrunsoverwhelminganddisturbsyourdailylifeB．StartseeingfearasanopportunityC．RecognizewhenfearsbeeoverwhelmingD．Themoreyoucanknowaboutyourfear,thebetterE．ThinkaboutyourselfexperiencinglifewithoutyourfearF．FigureoutexactlywhatpoweryourfearhasoveryourmindandbehaviorG．Acknowledgewhatesupwithnoattachmentto“good”or“bad”（2023·湖南婁底·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）Universitylifeisfulloffunandexperiences.Buttomakelearningmuchmoreenjoyable,youshouldfollowcertainstepsthatwillhelpyououtinkeepingyourstressleveldownandhavingthemostofthefunintheuniversity.Alwaysgetinvolvedintheevents.Doingsomethingeverydayisveryimportantnotonlyintheuniversitylifebutalsointhepracticallife.11Beactiveandsmart.Jointhesocieties,whichwillhelpyoudeveloppersonalityandincreaseyourconfidence.Alwaysshowup.Showingpeoplethatyouaretherewiththemandalwayswillbe.Offerhelptoeverybody.Inthiswaymorepeoplewillknowyouandyouwillbeabletowipeoffyourfearofsocialinteraction.12Makeasmanyfriendsaspossible.Don’trestrictyourselfinmakingfriends;itwillhelpincreaseyourknowledge.Youwilllearnalotaboutdifferentculturesandthiswillhelpyouwithyourpracticallifetoo.Bymunicatingwithdifferentpeopleyou’lllearndifferentinterestingaspectsoftheirlives.13Ifyoukeepthinkingallthetimeaboutfuture,youwillendupbeingdepressed.Youstartlosingyourfocusandbegintoworryaboutlessimportantthings.14Releaseyourstressandbepresentfocused.Itwillgreatlyhelpyouinacplishingyourgoalsandachievinghappiness.Keepabalance.15Beingextremeinonefieldmightbringastonishingresults,butthiswillaffectotheraspectsofyourlife.Keepabalancebetweenshorttermgoalsandlongtermbenefits.Thiswillhelpyouinachievingaperfectandenjoyablelife.A．Donotwastetimedoingnothing.B．Justrelaxandstopthinkingaboutthefuture.C．Nevermovetowardstheextremeandtrylivinganaveragelife.D．Bepresentfocused.E．Somestudentsmayliketohavemanyfriendsandenjoyapartylifestyle.F．Themorepeopleyouknow,theeasieritwillbeforyoutowalkaroundwithoutbeingshy.G．Nobodycaresifyoumissclass,don’teatproperly,nordon’tgotoaparty.（2023·四川·模擬預(yù)測）Ifyoufeelthatlifecannotbeworseforyou,it’llbearduoustothinkpositively.Whenstressed,dampened,hurtinapassivestateofmind,foryou’reawarethatmisfortunekeepstakingplacenonstop,it’shighlycrucialtoconvertpassivethoughtsintosomethinguplifting.16.It’softendifficulttothinkpositivelyifmostthingsaboundyouarepassive,yetassureyourselfthatdefinitelysomeoneisevenworsethanyou.17.Whenyoukickoffwithonesmallbutpositivethingandadoreitduringthecourseofyourday,you’llstarttogetintoamorepositivesituationandhencepeoplecouldbeginturningupinyourlifeandbeavitalpartofyourlife.Withsincereappreciation,you’llfindoutthatastimelapses,you’llbeabletochangeyourvaluesandchoosetoembracehappinessdespitethosebadeventsaboutyou.18.●menceandconcludeeachdaywithasentenceofappreciationlike“Thankyouforhavingmeafabulousandfreshday.”●Whenyourbosspushedyoutoohardtoaccept,soliloquizeyourself:Ifeelthankfulforthecurrentemployment,forIunderstandthatatleasttherehavestillbeensomanypeerspetingfiercelytovieforemployment.”●Ifyouarehavehealthrelatedproblems,appreciateallthatstilldowork:youreyessee,yourearshear,andyourbrainthinkssoonandsoforth.●Writedownanythingforwhichyou’regratefulperday.Whenyou’rereallyletdown,readaloudandloudlywhatyouwroteduringthelastdays,weeks,months,etc.19.Ifyoucankeeppractisingthisinaregularmanner,you’llultimatelyfindwhatyou’vebeenpursuingforsolong.Anyway,theverykeyistogetyourselfdiveintocheerfulthoughtsandideasandthenmaintainthemforlongenoughsoastoattainthepowerofappreciation.20.A．Thiswillhelpupliftyourspirits.B．Ifnot,you’llonlyinducemoremisfortunes.C．It’sofvitalimportancetodemonstrateyourgratitude.D．Themoreyouappreciate,themoredelightedyou’llfeel.E．You’vemadequiteafewachievementsduringyourcareer.F．Hereareafewgeneralinstancesforyoutopractise.G．Youcouldchoosetoconsiderdifferentlybymeansofstartingwiththesmalleststeps.（2023·云南保山·統(tǒng)考二模）Trees,plantsandflowersareallaroundusandweenjoytheirbeautyeveryday.Wearesousedtothemthatwemayeventakethemforgrantedwithoutrealisinghowmuchinspirationtheyhavegivenus.Infact,naturehasinspiredmanyofthemostfascinatingdesignsaroundus.21PeoplewhoareinterestedinexploringtherelationshipbetweenartandsciencewillenjoySingapore’sArtScienceMuseum.Shapedlikealotusflower,itappearstofloatabovethewaterfrontpromenade(濱海步道)withthewatersurroundingit.Itsroofcollectsrainwaterandchannelsit35metresdowntoawaterfallinthecentreofthespace.22Visitorsareoftenamazedtofindthemselvesinanurbanbuildingthatsotrulycapturesthebeautyofnaturalforms.Basedontheformandprocessoftermite(白蟻)mounds(土堆),Harare’sEastgateCentreisasuperbexampleofbiomimicry(仿生學(xué)).Ithasa“skin”coveredinholes.23Atnight,theheatabsorbedbythewallduringthedaywarmsthecoolair,creatingasuitabletemperaturesothatpeoplecanstayinsidefortably.Thedesignreducestheneedfortraditionalairconditioningandheatingsystems,savingalotofenergyandcosts.24Thesurfaceoftheapartmentbuildingiscoveredinpanelsthatcontainalgae.Thepanelscancaptureheatfromthesunandconvertitintoenergythatpowersthebuilding.Andthat’snotall—thealgaeinsidethepanelscanbeharvestedandusedtoproducefuel.Therefore,thebuildingnotonlyuseslessenergy,butalsoreducesdamagetotheenvironment.Greatbuildingsliketheseenablesustoliveincloserharmonywithnature.25Itmaybechallengingtomeettheneedsoftodaywhileprotectingtheworldoftomorrow,buteventhesimplestorganismscanhelpteachushowtoachievethis.A．Itisalsopresentedinvariousarchitecturaldesigns.B．Whatweneedistoseekmoreinspirationfromnature.C．Theholesaredesignedtoallowairtomovefreelyinandout.D．Theworld’sfirstalgaepoweredbuildingisinHamburg,Germany.E．Thewateristhenrecycledthroughthebuilding’splumbingsystem.F．Duringtheday,warmairisdrawnintothebuildingthroughtheholes.G．Thedesignshowstheconnectionbetweenpeopleandmoderncityenvironment.（2023·廣東廣州·統(tǒng)考二模）Whatmakesaworkofarchitecturegreat?Mostpeoplewouldarguethataesthetics(美感)arethemostimportant.26However,RomanarchitectMarcusVitruviusPolliobelievedthatweshouldalsoconsiderdurabilityandfunctionwhenassessingastructure.TheRostonvilleLibraryinmycityisagreatexampleofVitruvius’sprinciples.Constructedentirelyofgranite—ahardandtoughstone,thelibraryisdurable.Itcanwithstandenvironmentalpollution.Forexample,itisresistanttoacidrain.Moreover,itsgranitestructureisstablesoit’smorelikelytosurviveanearthquake.27Itusessolarenergyforheatingandarooftopgardenforcooling.28Providingfreeaccesstoprintanddigitalinformation,itconveysafeelingofopennessandaccessibility.Furthermore,theentirelibraryisononelevel,andithasanopendesign—therearenoinnerwallsordividers.Inaddition,largewindowsletinplentyofnaturallight,soit’seasytoseeandgettoeachdepartmentwithinthelibrary.Finally,thelibraryisbeautiful,withaestheticallypleasingdetailsbothinsideandout.Thelargewindowsarecopperframed(銅框的).Thecoppercolorprovidesaninterestingcontrastagainstthecolorofthegranitestructureanditwillremainasthecopperages.Growthfromtherooftopgarden,whichreachesdownthesidesofthebuilding,addstotheaestheticsofthebuilding.29Durability,functionalityandbeautymaketheRostonvilleLibraryagreatstructure.ArchitectswhofollowVitruvius’sprincipleshelptomakethecitymorepleasanttolivein.30A．Thelibraryisalsosustainable.B．Itistruethatbeautyiscritical.C．Thisisnottheonlyconcernofthearchitects.D．Thelibrarywasdesignedwithfunctionalityinmind.E．Itsoftensthelinesofthestructureandhelpsittofitintoitsnaturalsurroundings.F．Plus，thelibrarywasbuiltontheedgeofthecitypark，surroundedbynativeplants.G．Buildingsthatfulfillthesecriteriaofferbothpeaceofmindandbeautyfortheirusers.（2023·湖北·開灤第二中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測）4TraitstoLookforinaGreatHomeSecuritySystemWhenitestochoosingasystemtosecureyourhome,youwanttobesurethatyouaremakingthebestdecisionpossible.Therearemanydifferenthomesecuritysystemsonthemarket.31Wegivealistofthetop4traitstolookforinagreathomesecuritysystem.32Therearemanydifferentsystemsonthemarket,andnotallofthemarecreatedequal.Whenyouarelookingforahomesecuritysystem,youwanttobesurethatyouarechoosingasystemwithagoodreputation.Itneedstohave24hourmonitoring.Especiallyifyouareconstantlytraveling,usingyourhomeasavacationrental,orareatriskofamedicalemergency,itisimportantthatyourhomesecuritysystemoffers24hourmonitoring.33Itmusthavesmarthomecapabilities.Nowadays,itisnotenoughtojusthaveahomesecuritysystemthatprotectsyourproperty.34Thisway,youcancontrolallofyourdevicesfromonecentrallocationandreceivealertsifsomethinggoeswrong.Itshouldbeaffordable.Itiscertainthatyouwanttomakesurethatyoubuyasystemofhighquality.35Therearemanydifferenthomesecuritysystemsonthemarket.Besuretoparethefeaturesandbenefitsofeachsystemtofindtheonethatfitsyourbudget.A．Itshouldhaveagoodreputation.B．Sohowdoyouknowwhichoneisrightforyou?C．Butwhatshouldyoudotoprotectyourpossessions?D．Itshouldbetheonewiththehighestqualityinthemarket.E．Butyoualsowanttobesurethatthesystemyouchooseisaffordable.F．Thismeansthatevenifyouarenotathome,someonewillalwaysprotectyourhome.G．Yoursystemshouldalsobeabletobebinedwithyourothersmarthomedevices.（2023·北京·校考一模）PlayHelpsDevelopBigger,BetterBrains!Ifplayisnotsimplyawaytohavefun,forwhatotherreasonshasitdeveloped?36Earlierthisyear,SergioPellisofLethbridgeUniversity,Canada,reportedthatthereisastrongpositivelinkbetweenbrainsizeandplayfulnessamongmammalsingeneral.37Theoppositewasalsofoundtobetrue.AccordingtoJohnByersofIdahoUniversity,thetimingoftheplayfulstageinyounganimalsprovidesanimportantcluetowhat’sgoingon.Ifyouplottheamountoftimeachilddevotestoplayeachdayoverthecourseofhisdevelopment,youdiscoverapatterntypicallyassociatedwitha“sensitiveperiod”—abriefdevelopmentwindowduringwhichthebraincanactuallybeadjustedinwaysthatarenotpossibleearlierorlaterinlife.38“Peoplehavenotpaidenoughattentiontotheamountofthebrainactivatedbyplay,”saysMarcBekofffromColoradoUniversity.Bekoffstudiedcoyotepupsatplayandfoundthatthekindofbehaviorinvolvedwasobviouslymorevariableandunpredictablethanthatofadults.Healsoreasonsthatsuchbehavioractivatesmanydifferentpartsofthebrain.39“There’senormouscognitiveinvolvementinplay,”saysBekoff.Hepointsoutthatplayofteninvolvesplexassessmentsofplaymatesandtheuseofspecializedsignalsandrules.Hebelievesthatplaycreatesabrainthathasgreaterbehavioralflexibilityandimprovedpotentialforlearninglaterinlife.40A．Playjustlightseverythingup.B．Theimportanceofplayfulnessisdrawingmoreattention.C．Thelatestideasuggeststhatplayhasdevelopedtobuildbigbrains.D．Apopularexplanationisthatithelpschildrendeveloptheskillstheywilllaterneed.E．Thinkoftherelativeeasewithwhichkids—butnotbabiesoradults—absorblanguage.F．Notonlyismoreofthebraininvolvedinplay,butitalsoactivateshighercognitiveprocesses.G．paringfifteenordersofmammals,histeamfoundlargerbrainsarelinkedtogreaterplayfulness.（2021·陜西漢中·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）Beforeyouthrowthatoldcellphoneinthetrash,orhideitawayinadrawer,thinkagain.Thereareactuallymanywaystodealwithamobilephonethatyouarenolongerusing.First,youshouldbeawarethatinmanyplaces,throwingawaycellphonesisactuallyillegalbecausethebatteries,especiallyinveryoldphones,cancontainpoisonousmetals.41.42.Infact,mostpaniesthatrecyclethemgetpaidtodoso.Thishadledtomanycharitiesmakingasmallamountofmoneybycollectingoldphones.Therearelargeorganizationsthatwilltakeunwantedphones.However,youmightalsowanttothinklocally.Manyschoolsandlocalcharitiesnowhaverecyclingprograms.Andtheydomakealittlebitoneachdonation.43,youmightconsiderstartingasmalllocalone,perhapsforalocalpublicschool.Checkfirst,sincesomanyschoolshavegottenthejumponrecyclingthemalready.44,orsmallerandbetterphones,thereareplentyofoldcellphonesjustwaitingforaplacetoland,andsmartschoolshaveprovidedthatplace.Youmightalsowanttohangontoanyaccessories(配件)thatyouhave.45.ContinuingtouseA．Youcertainlydon’tneedtopaytorecycleanoldcellphoneB．TherearebetterplacestogetridofthemthanyourtrashcanC．ThingslikechargersorcoverscanoftenbeusedwithyournewphoneD．LocalcharitieshavecontributedalotinrepairingunwantedphonesE．AspeoplemovetobiggerandbetterphonesF．Thesayingthatoneman’strashisanotherman’streasurecertainlyappliesG．Ifyoucan’tfindalargecellphonerecyclingprograminyourarea（2023·四川·?？寄M預(yù)測）Adoptingapetisrapidlybeingthepreferredoptionformanypeoplewantingtoaddananimalpanion.It’struethatmanypeoplearehappytopartwiththousandsofdollarsforpurebred(純種的)dogsandcats.46Homelessanimalscanmakewonderfulpets.Peopleoftenassumethatdogsandcatsendupinsheltersbecausethey’reunwantedorbadlybehaved.Therearemanyreasonsownersmayneedtorehometheirpetdivorce,hospitalization,orthetimeandmoneyneededtocareforadog.47Adultanimalshavebenefits.Sheltershaveawiderangeofpotentialpetsandtherearemanybenefitsfromadoptingamorematuredogorcat.Notstartingfromscratchhelpsavoidmuchofthecrazinessandmessassociatedwithpuppies.Theywillalreadybevaccinated,soyouwillhavefewerstartupcosts.48Ayounganimal’sbehaviourmaystillbedeveloping,whereasanolderanimal’spersonalityandbehaviourshouldbeevident,sonosurprises.49Youshouldonlyadoptadogorcatfromatrustedshelterorrescuegroup.Ethicalestablishmentswillhaveabehavioraltrainertoassessthecharacter