(十四)-易錯(cuò)、易漏點(diǎn)總結(jié)

（十四）易錯(cuò)、易漏點(diǎn)總結(jié)1(十四)易錯(cuò)、易漏點(diǎn)總結(jié)1說(shuō)明:本模塊僅針對(duì)近年來(lái)出現(xiàn)在選擇題板塊的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)易錯(cuò)、易漏點(diǎn)，其他未出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)則未列在其中，敬請(qǐng)注意! 易錯(cuò)易漏點(diǎn)歸納、例題一、 形容詞副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)及基本用法特別注意倍數(shù)關(guān)系的表達(dá)方法: 說(shuō)明:其中倍數(shù)/分?jǐn)?shù)詞也可為half,twice,threetimes等，同級(jí)比較時(shí)則可省去例題Iwouldhavepaid_____forthedressifthesalesgirlhadinsisted,becauseIreallywantedit. A.asmuchtwice B.twiceasmuch C.twicemorethan D.morethantwiceSmokingissoharmfultohealththatitkills_____peopleeachyearasautomobileaccidents. A.asseventimesmany B.seventimesasmany

C.asmanyasseventimes D.seventimesasAtaroughestimate,Nigeriais_____GreatBritain. A.threetimesthesizeas B.thesizethreetimesof

C.threetimesasthesizeof D.threetimesthesizeofPaperproduceseveryyearis_____theworld’sproductionofvehicles. A.asthreetimesheavyas B.thethreetimesweightof

C.threetimesheavierthan D.asheavyasthreetimesDuringthepromotion,allthesecond-handcomputersweresoldataprice_____before. A.30%asloweras B.as30%lowas C.lower30%than D.30%lowerthan特別注意復(fù)合形容詞的表達(dá)方法:

three-year-oldboys,man’sfour-leggedfriend,etc.

特別注意-ed型及-ing型形容詞的不同之處:

前者用于描述人的感受，后者用于修飾引發(fā)該感受的人或事；或說(shuō)，

前者通常帶有被動(dòng)或完成意義，后者則通常帶有主動(dòng)意義，如

boilingwater(沸騰的水)boiledwater(煮開(kāi)了的水)

apleasingvoice(悅耳的嗓音)apleasedlook(滿意的表情)例題 A.touch B.touching C.touched D.beingtouchedWenJiabao,PremieroftheRPC,tendstocomfort_____victimsonthespotassoonashecan. A.disasters-stricken B.disaster-stricken C.disastersstricken D.disasterstrickenEverydaythedustmencollectasmanyas_____fromtheriver. A.tentons’garbage B.ten-ton-garbages C.tenton’sgarbage D.tentonsgarbages2Manystudentssignedupforthe_____raceinthesportsmeetingtobeheldnextweek.2 A.800-metre-long B.800-metres-long C.800metrelength D.800metreslengthItisbelievedthatifabookis_____,itwillsurely_____thereader. A.interested…interest B.interesting…beinterested

C.interested…beinteresting D.interesting…interest特別注意so/such的結(jié)構(gòu):

such修飾名詞(直接置于名詞詞組前，如anicegirl→suchanicegirl)，so修飾形容詞或副詞(故其后直接跟形容詞或副詞)，such/so結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)似于what/how的固定結(jié)構(gòu)；當(dāng)such修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)可將其與so結(jié)構(gòu)互換；若such修飾不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)則無(wú)法互換；當(dāng)many,few,little,much表“多少”修飾名詞時(shí)只能用so；若little不表多少，且修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)只能用such

特別注意themore…,themore…結(jié)構(gòu):

其中形容詞、副詞根據(jù)其對(duì)應(yīng)的比較級(jí)形式替換“themore”，結(jié)構(gòu)中常伴有省略或倒裝

特別注意toomuch與muchtoo的區(qū)別:

toomuch+n.[U]而muchtoo+a.謹(jǐn)記“什么結(jié)尾接什么”，如too一般修飾形容詞，故詞組以too結(jié)尾后接形容詞

注意too…to…的結(jié)構(gòu)常帶有否定含義，注意其搭配:

tooniceamantobetrue例題Leukemia(白血病)is_____diseasethattheverymentionofitstrikesterrorintoourheart. A.asodreadful B.sodreadfula C.suchdreadful D.asuchdreadfulGenerallyspeaking,theharderyourworkis,_____. A.thelessyou’llhavefreetime B.you’llhavelessfreetime

C.thelessfreetimewillyouhave D.thelessfreetimeyou’llhaveThemoreskillamanhas,_____. A.themorehehasopportunitiesforjobs B.themoreopportunitieshehasforjobs

C.themoreopportunitiesdoeshehave D.themanymoreopportunitieshasheWewerein_____whenweleftthatweforgottheairlinetickets. A.arushsoanxious B.asuchanxiousrush C.soanxiousarush D.suchanxiousarushIt’shightimeyouhadyourhaircut;it’sgetting_____. A.toomuchlong B.muchtoolong C.longtoomuch D.toolongmuchTheLondonPhilharmonicOrchestraisgoingtoplayaMozartsymphonyattheShanghaiGrandTheatrenextmonth,whichis_____tomiss. A.atoonicechance B.tooniceachance C.toonicechance D.tooanicechance特別關(guān)注比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)詞組的深層含義，如

HeisthelastoneIwanttomeet.=Idon’twanttomeethim.

Ihaveneverseenahigherbuilding.=ThisisthehighestbuildingIhaveeverseen.

Heistallerthananyotherstudent.=Heisthetalleststudent.3例題3Theteachersaresoboring.Ihaveneverattendeda_____tutorialcenterbefore. A.bad B.worst C.worse D.better–DidyouenjoyyourjourneytoHainan?

–Yes.Ihaveneverbeentoa_____placebefore. A.beautiful B.mostbeautiful C.morebeautiful D.lessbeautifulOfallthetimesI’devertalkedwithhim,thiswas_____conversationwe’deverhad. A.thestrangest B.thestranger C.astranger D.astrangeOfthetwosisters,Aliceis_____one,andsheisalsotheonewholovestobequiet. A.ayounger B.ayoungest C.theyounger D.theyoungestOfthetwophones,I’dchoose_____onetosparesomemoneyforbooks. A.themostexpensive B.themoreexpensive C.theleastexpensive D.thelessexpensive特別注意常見(jiàn)的as…as…詞組，如

aslongas,asfaras,assoonas

特別注意形式相近的詞組，如

more…than…,morethan,nomorethan,notmorethan

能根據(jù)題意選擇合適的比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)例題Aftersuppershewouldsitdownbythefire,sometimesfor_____anhour,thinkingofheryoungandhappydays. A.aslongas B.assoonas C.asmuchas D.asmanyasAtyphoonsweptacrossthisareawithheavyrainsandwinds_____strongas113milesperhour. A.too B.very C.so D.asInmyview,London’snotasexpensiveinpriceasTokyobutTokyois_____intraffic. A.themostorganized B.moreorganized C.soorganizedas D.asorganizedasAlanisacarefuldriver,buthedrives_____ofmyfriends. A.morecarefully B.themostcarefully C.lesscarefully D.theleastcarefullySomethinkyoucanrelievestressbythrowingplatesagainstawall_____youcanbecauseofworstfinancialcrisis. A.asharderas B.ashardas C.asmuchashard D.ashardso二、 介詞重點(diǎn)掌握常見(jiàn)的介詞用法及固定搭配，如

attheendof,within/beyond

重點(diǎn)區(qū)分如between與among等詞之間的區(qū)別

注意從句中介詞的搭配，如

tosomeextent

Idon’thaveapentowritewith.例題Somepeoplealwaystaketheriskofcrossingthestreet_____movingvehicles.4 A.among B.in C.along D.between4 A.from B.with C.for D.toTherewasanaccident_____thecrossroadsatmidnightlastnight. A.in B.on C.at D.byManyhouseholdsinmyneighborhoodhirehousemaids,whoarepaid_____thehour. A.to B.for C.by D.overPeopleoftenhurrythechild_____hisnaturallearningspeedbutthiscansetupdangerousfeelingoffailureandgreatworryinthechild. A.beyond B.from C.in D.byWetalked_____acupoftea. A.with B.by C.over D.atItsavesmuchtimeandraisesefficiencyinclasstohavewhatyouusealot_____easyreach. A.near B.upon C.within D.aroundAnewlydesignedrobotcanshowthecustomers_____theexhibitionhallandsayfarewellsattheendofthetour. A.around B.about C.into D.atThesmallshopkeeperwasbusyfromdawn_____dustbuthewasalwayswellorganized. A.at B.on C.till D.inAninternationalconference_____communityserviceisgoingtobeheldnextmonth. A.at B.in C.for D.on重點(diǎn)掌握常見(jiàn)的含介詞的動(dòng)詞詞組搭配，如

congratulatesb.on,shakehandswith,providesb.withsth.,providesth.forsb.

accuse/assure/convince/cure/inform/relieve/remind/rob/warnsb.ofsth.,

blamesb.forsth.,blamesth.onsb.例題WhatIamconvinced_____isthattheworld’spopulationwillgrowtoanunforeseenextent. A.for B.in C.with D.ofItwasnotuntilthesecondyearthatheadaptedhimself_____thecollegelife. A.in B.to C.at D.on A.of B.after C.to D.as除需掌握常見(jiàn)的介詞搭配外，介詞試題還需特別審題，以免直接根據(jù)固定搭配作出判斷忽略句子成分，大意失荊州，如

Leavesarefoundonallkindsoftrees,buttheydiffergreatlyinsizeandshape.

此處若根據(jù)搭配differfrom選擇from則忽略了insizeandshape此處作狀語(yǔ)例題5 A.for B.of C.to D.with5Whatisthedifference_____pronunciationbetweenthesetwowords? A.from B.in C.of D.byAnewstudyshowsangermayhelppeoplereducethenegativeimpacts____stressandhelpyoubecomehealthier. A.in B.of C.on D.atWeshouldpreventpollution_____happily. A.tolive B.forliving C.fromliving D.living許多動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞后?？筛S多不同的介詞(或副詞)表示不同的含義，或根據(jù)介詞賓語(yǔ)的不同調(diào)整介詞，也需關(guān)注

常見(jiàn)的可跟不同介詞(或副詞)的動(dòng)詞包括agree,break,call,come,get,give,go,keep,look,make,put,set,take等，常見(jiàn)的可跟不同介詞的形容詞包括befamousfor/to/as…,sth.befamiliartosb.sb.befamiliarwithsth.等例題Barcelonaisfamous,amongotherthings,_____itsoutstandingarchitecture. A.as B.for C.of D.toHowcanwemakeit_____tothemforalltheworrywe’vecausedthem? A.off B.for C.out D.upWiththeeconomiccrisis____hand,andtheunemploymentrateontherise,careerplanningwilldefinitelybenefityou. A.in B.on C.by D.at三、 代詞能根據(jù)句意區(qū)分意思相近的代詞，如

both,all,either,neither,every,each,any,noone

表示“全體”可用all和both，但all指三個(gè)或以上的人或物，both指兩個(gè)人或物

表示“全體都不”的意思，當(dāng)指三個(gè)或以上的人或物通常用none，間或也可用noone，但noone只能指人，若表示兩個(gè)人或物則通常用neither

表示全體中的“每個(gè)”，若該“全體”含三個(gè)或以上的人或物，通常用every，若該“全體”含兩個(gè)或以上的人或物，通常用each；every與each區(qū)別還在于every指“每個(gè)”，側(cè)重于“全體”，近乎all的含義，而each則指“各個(gè)”，側(cè)重于“個(gè)別”

表示全體中的“任何一個(gè)”，若該“全體”含三個(gè)或以上，通常用any，若該“全體”只包含兩個(gè)，通常用either；特殊地，在oneitherside,oneitherend等詞組中either可兼指兩個(gè)

又如theother(s),other(s)

帶-s的詞(指others/theothers)為代詞，不帶-s的可修飾名詞；theother指的是一定范圍內(nèi)除去一部分后的全體，other指的是除去一部分的另一部分，但不是全體例題Shanghaiisreallyafascinatingcityandwe’vedecidedtostayfor_____twoweeks. A.another B.other C.theother D.other’sNoprogresswasmadeinthetradetalkasneithersidewouldaccepttheconditionsof_____.6 A.others B.theother C.either D.another6ImadesomanychangesinmycompositionthatonlyIcouldreadit.To_____else,itwashardtomakeout. A.none B.everyone C.someone D.anyone–Doyouwantteaorcoffee?

–_____.Ireallydon’tmind. A.None B.Neither C.Either D.All–Wow!You’vegotsomanyclothes.

–But_____ofthemareinfashionnow. A.all B.both C.neither D.none反身代詞、物主代詞、人稱(chēng)代詞等也是高考的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)

反身代詞常與dress,seat,buy,find,enjoy,behave,stretch,express,help等搭配

另一考點(diǎn)在于賓格、屬格的選擇問(wèn)題上，常見(jiàn)于動(dòng)名詞，如

Idon’tmindJohn/John’s/him/hisbuyinganotherone.

Theycaughthimcheatingontheexam.

Theycaughthischeatingontheexam.

Hiscominglatemademeangry.

Him/Hecominglatemademeangry.例題–WhocalledmethismorningwhenIwasout?

–Amancalling_____Robert. A.him B.himself C.his D./Victorapologizedfor_____toinformmeofthechangeintheplan. A.hisbeingnotable B.himnottobeable C.hisnotbeingable D.himtobenotableTheteachersaskedtheirchildrentobehave_____whentheywereinclass. A.them B.they C.themselves D.their四、 反意疑問(wèn)句、并列句、感嘆句反意疑問(wèn)句是高考間或出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)，需特別注意:

反意疑問(wèn)句陳述部分出現(xiàn)如never,seldom,hardly的詞

否定前移問(wèn)題

縮略式’s(或’d)的含義問(wèn)題

祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句

反意疑問(wèn)句的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句中的代詞問(wèn)題

“看主不看從”，并列句就近原則

let’s與letus

能根據(jù)句意判斷并列句所用詞，注意諸如furthermore,however等詞非連詞

在判斷使用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，注意句子中的and,or等詞是否存在，句子是否為祈使句

感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)似于so/such結(jié)構(gòu)7例題7YouandIcanhardlyworktogether,_____? A.couldyou B.couldn’tI C.couldn’twe D.couldweThattheyfailedtocollectenoughmoneyfortheprojectdiscouragedthemanager,_____? A.didthey B.didit C.didn’tthey D.didn’titThephotographyexhibitionwasagreatsuccessintheUnitedStates,_____theorganizershavedecidedtotakeittotheUK. A.but B.although C.for D.so_____severaltimes,butMarystillhasnoideaofhowtodoitproperly. A.Beingshown B.Havingshown C.Havingbeenshown D.I’veshownher______todiveintowaterfromhighboard! A.Whatafunitis B.Howfunnyitis C.Howfunitis D.WhatfunitisTheremusthavebeensomethingwrongwithhim,_____hehadneverlosthiswayinabigcity. A.for B.and C.but D.orTheboyshavebeenplayingcomputersforalongtime,andtheyshouldhavestoppeddoingit,becausetheywillhavetopreparefortheexamtomorrow,_____they? A.have B.shouldn’t C.won’t D.didn’t五、 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞當(dāng)句子結(jié)構(gòu)、成分復(fù)雜時(shí)，許多學(xué)生很難分清哪里該填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，若單憑句意解題很容易導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)選，此時(shí)“結(jié)構(gòu)最大(StructureFirstPrinciple)”原理就能派上大用場(chǎng)了，“結(jié)構(gòu)最大”指的是

一般情況下，一句句子中只允許有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；若要添加一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，則需加入一個(gè)連詞；若不增加連詞，則需將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；一般情況下，將句中所省略的連詞全部補(bǔ)全，若有連詞個(gè)，則從句有個(gè)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有個(gè)

非一般情況:謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞n聯(lián)動(dòng)，如

Duringtheholiday,wevisitedthescenicspots,discoveredtheforest,enjoyedthetraditionalfoodandhadaspaexperienceinthevillage.例題Tobalanceabudgetistoshowthatthesumofaman’searnings_____thesumofhisexpenditures. A.equals B.equal C.equaled D.equaling_____severaltimes,butMarystillhasnoideaofhowtodoitproperly. A.Beingshown B.Havingshown C.Havingbeenshown D.I’veshownherThekindofbooksanauthorwrites_____onthekindofmanwhoheis. A.depending B.depend C.depended D.depends謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(詞組)的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)需注意:

根據(jù)上下文情況(包括對(duì)話語(yǔ)氣、內(nèi)容以及l(fā)astyear等的時(shí)態(tài)提示詞)設(shè)定基準(zhǔn)時(shí)態(tài)(過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái))，判斷空格動(dòng)作與已知?jiǎng)幼鞯臅r(shí)態(tài)先后關(guān)系；熟記一些常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)搭配關(guān)系(如when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句等)；注意動(dòng)詞是否為不及物動(dòng)詞(即一般不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如takeplace)；注意特殊動(dòng)詞(如belongto)一般不用將來(lái)時(shí)，無(wú)被動(dòng)；注意真正的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)定包含①8be或其變形②動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞兩部分，在注意動(dòng)詞是否該使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，還需注意諸如bedoing,haddone,havebeendoing等都非被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；注意特殊動(dòng)詞(如prove,taste,blame)一般不用被動(dòng)；注意最常見(jiàn)的“主將從現(xiàn)”8例題Sendmyregardstoyourlovelywifewhenyou_____home. A.wrote B.willwrite C.havewritten D.write–DoyouknowifTerrywillgocampingthisweekend?

–Terry?Never!She_____tentsandfreshair! A.hashated B.hated C.willhate D.hatesInrecentyearsmanyfootballclubs_____asbusinesstomakeaprofit. A.haverun B.havebeenrun C.hadbeenrun D.willrunOnceasatellite_____intoorbitroundPluto,scientistswillbeabletofindagreatdeal. A.willbeput B.hasbeenput C.wouldbeput D.wasput–Didyoutidyyourroom?

–No,IwasgoingtotidymyroombutI_____visitors. A.had B.have C.havehad D.willhave非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的一大考點(diǎn)即todo與doing的選擇，弄清哪些動(dòng)詞后必須直接跟doing，哪些動(dòng)詞后必須直接跟todo，哪些動(dòng)詞后可加賓語(yǔ)再加doing或todo，哪些動(dòng)詞后跟doing,todo意思有區(qū)別等(一般將諸如advisesb.todo記作固定搭配即可)

注意to到底是不定式符號(hào)還是介詞

注意let,see等動(dòng)詞對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇情況以及to的還原問(wèn)題

注意動(dòng)詞不定式的to省略問(wèn)題

注意分清句子結(jié)構(gòu)再確定該選擇何種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞例題I’msurethattheeditorwillsparenoefforttodoeverythingheoughtto_____informedofwhatisgoingonintheworldeachday. A.keepus B.keepusbe C.tokeepusbe D.tokeepusEugene’sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.It’snouse_____withhim. A.toargue B.arguing C.argued D.havearguedThereisnothingmoreIcantry_____youtostay,soIwishyougoodluck. A.beingpersuaded B.persuading C.tobepersuaded D.topersuadeThedaywehadbeenlookingforwardto_____atlast. A.come B.came C.coming D.becomingHegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk_____thegoodopportunity. A.tolose B.losing C.tobelost D.beinglostDoyoumeanthatyouobjecttothem_____burningcigaretteendsabout? A.toleave B.leaving C.tohaveleft D.leftDavidmadeuphismindtodevoteallhislife_____thesick_____abetterlife. A.tohelping…living B.tohelping…tolive C.tohelp…tolive D.tohelp…living9非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖無(wú)時(shí)的標(biāo)記，但卻有體、態(tài)的變化，即也需考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)，如doing可根據(jù)情況變換為havingbeendone,havingdone等；特別注意不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞的不同句法功能(可以不過(guò)多區(qū)分動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞)；注意beingdone/havingdone/havingbeendone等都是動(dòng)名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞的變形，而非過(guò)去分詞的變形，過(guò)去分詞只有done一種形式，故beingdone可作句子主語(yǔ)而done不行；注意非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)9例題Theadvertisementhasbeenheard_____threetimestoday. A.tobroadcast B.havebroadcast C.broadcasting D.broadcast_____tothesunforatleasttwohourseverydayishelpfultothegrowthofourbones. A.Exposed B.Exposing C.Beingexposed D.HavingexposedMoreandmoretreeswerefound_____forlackofwaterinthatarea. A.havingdied B.died C.todie D.tobedying A.theyexpose B.beingexposed C.exposing D.exposed非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還有許多細(xì)節(jié)地方需要引起注意，如

否定詞(not等)、人稱(chēng)代詞的位置問(wèn)題、主語(yǔ)一致性問(wèn)題

特殊的動(dòng)詞have也有些需注意的地方，如

have…do/doing/done/tobedone的區(qū)別例題_____Sichuancuisinebefore,wehadtowatchourstomachs. A.Neverhavingtried B.Neverhavewetried C.Havingnevertried D.NeverbeentriedReturningfromclass,_____. A.hefoundaletterinthemailbox B.aletterwasinthemailbox

C.aletterwasfoundinthemailbox D.themailboxhadaletterinitTigerWoodssaidthatheneededtohavehisattention_____onbeingabetterhusband,fatherandperson. A.focusing B.focus C.befocused D.focused六、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞了解常見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本含義，能根據(jù)句意選擇合適的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如

can/could表能力、允許、請(qǐng)求，否定形式can’t表不可能

may/might表允許、請(qǐng)求、祝愿

must表必須，否定形式mustn’t表不許，needn’t作“沒(méi)必要”也可為must否定形式

shall表允諾、警告、命令

should/oughtto表應(yīng)該，表示“驚奇”、“贊嘆”等情緒

will/would表意愿、征求意見(jiàn)

特別注意上述情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的可能性大小:

EQ\O(Uncertain→Certain,mightmaycouldcanshouldoughttowouldwillmust)10例題10Youcan’imaginethatawell-behavedgentleman_____besorudetoalady. A.should B.could C.might D.wouldBlackholes_____notbeseendirectly,sodeterminingthenumberofthemisatoughtask. A.can B.should C.must D.needHisappearancehaschangedsomuchthatyou_____notrecognizehim. A.may B.need C.must D.ought特別注意“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+bedoing/havedone”含義，如

modalauxiliary+bedoing一般表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，有應(yīng)當(dāng)、想必、可能正在等含義

can’t/couldn’thavedone過(guò)去不可能 musthavedone過(guò)去必然發(fā)生

may/mighthavedone過(guò)去可能發(fā)生卻未發(fā)生 oughtto/shouldhavedone過(guò)去應(yīng)該做卻未做

couldhavedone過(guò)去可以完成卻未完成(委婉、遺憾)

needn’thavedone表示沒(méi)必要做但已做完，didn’tneedto表示沒(méi)必要做且未做

注意邊際情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞(即兼作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)的判別(need/dare)例題–Guesswhat!IhavegotAformytermpaper.

–Great!You_____readwidelyandputalotofworkintoit. A.must B.should C.musthave D.shouldhaveIwasreallyworriedaboutyou.You_____homewithoutaword. A.shouldn’tleave B.needn’thaveleft C.couldn’tleave D.shouldn’thaveleftHe_____arestlessperson.Hekeptmovingfromcountrytocountry. A.mightbe B.musthavebeen C.shouldbe D.couldhavebeenBobsaidhewasgoingtojoinourclubbuthedidn’t.He_____hismind. A.can’thavechanged B.wouldn’thavechanged

C.musthavechanged D.shouldn’thavechangedTheydarednotaskthelibrarianforhelp,_____they? A.did B.dare C.dared D.didn’t七、 句法（從屬分句）確定較復(fù)雜句子中的連詞問(wèn)題，可先劃分句子結(jié)構(gòu)做出選擇，再通過(guò)“結(jié)構(gòu)最大”原理復(fù)核一遍連詞數(shù)量與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞數(shù)量是否符合關(guān)系例題Oneofthemenheldtheview_____thebooksaidwasright. A.whatthat B.thatwhat C.that D.which A.that B.ifthat C.thatif D.thatweather英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中存在著以下的對(duì)立關(guān)系，如

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)陳述句疑問(wèn)句簡(jiǎn)單句復(fù)合句

11在做句法題目時(shí)，不必拘泥于試題，如果疑問(wèn)形式不方便選擇則可以變成陳述形式選擇，如果復(fù)合句不方便選擇則可以先去除修飾成分變成簡(jiǎn)單句選擇；選擇題時(shí)經(jīng)常會(huì)用到排除法(或稱(chēng)排斥法)，在完全排除的選項(xiàng)旁做好記號(hào)可以有效避免誤選11例題Who_____hascommonsensewilldosuchasillything_____youdid? A.which…what B.who…as C.whom…that D.that…asIsthis_____wemeteachothertwoyearsago? A.place B.placeinwhich C.where D.placewhichThatistheonlywaywecanimagine_____theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathrooms. A.reducing B.toreduce C.reduced D.reduceIsitinthatfactory_____RedFlagcarsaremade? A.inwhich B.where C.that D.which做有關(guān)從句的試題時(shí)，分清從句類(lèi)型(即分句類(lèi)型)能一定程度上降低選擇難度

判斷是何種從句的方法:

從句在整個(gè)句子中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞旨磸木漕?lèi)型，這不同于連詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?/p>

此時(shí)結(jié)合一些“規(guī)律”則可排除一些可以答案，這些“規(guī)律”可以是

what一般不作定語(yǔ)從句連接詞

此外，對(duì)于可省可不省的連詞，牢記“不省總是對(duì)的”

從句問(wèn)題還需注意其語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題，這也是一個(gè)考察點(diǎn)例題Ibelieve_____you’vedoneyourbestand_____thingswillimprove. A.that…/ B./…/ C.what…that D./…thatIcantellyou_____hetoldmelastweek. A.allwhich B.allwhat C.thatall D.allthatHissuccesswasbecauseof_____hehadbeenworkinghard. A.that B.thefactwhich C.thefactthat D.thefactNowwecansee_____problemthepopulationis. A.awhatserious B.suchseriousa C.howseriousa D.soaseriousIreallydon’tknow_____Ihadmymoneystolen. A.whenwasitthat B.thatitwaswhen C.whereitwasthat D.itwaswherethat名詞性從句、狀語(yǔ)從句試題需特別注意:

whether與if的選擇問(wèn)題是一個(gè)考點(diǎn)，兩者各有優(yōu)劣，whether在表示“是否”含義時(shí)的適用范圍比if大，而在表示“如果”含義時(shí)則只能用if，注意特殊動(dòng)詞doubt表示“有疑問(wèn)”，故其后一般使用whether，若為notdoubt則表示肯定，故其后一般使用that；還需注意whether的拼寫(xiě)(whethervs.weather)

特殊地，一些被稱(chēng)為邊際從屬連詞的名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)(如theminute,eachtime,thefirsttime等)可直接充當(dāng)連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)“結(jié)構(gòu)最大”原理，一般無(wú)需when等詞一起引導(dǎo)

-ever系列需與兩組詞分清區(qū)別，一組是nomatter系列，一般地，能用nomatter系列的地方12都可用-ever代替，但反之則不然，原因是nomatter系列只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，故易得-ever系列比nomatter系列用途廣，另一組需要區(qū)分的是-ever系列與無(wú)-ever系列(即whatever與what)，兩者區(qū)別在于一般-ever系列強(qiáng)調(diào)“任何”含義，故其一般無(wú)特定范圍

注意相近詞的區(qū)別，如whenvs.while,becausevs.for

特別注意同位語(yǔ)從句等從句中的割裂

正規(guī)語(yǔ)體中，還需特別注意thereason的表語(yǔ)從句的固定形式為

thereasonwhy…is/wasthat… ①

正規(guī)語(yǔ)體中套色詞that不能替換為because，此外，①句型也可轉(zhuǎn)化為②句型

This/That/Itisbecause…that… ②12例題Thereason_____hedidn’tcomewas_____hewasinjured. A.that…because B.why…that C.why…because D.that…thatYouseethelightning_____ithappens,butyouhearthethunderlater. A.theinstant B.foraninstant C.theinstantwhen D.inaninstantTheyhaveadoubt_____thisscientistcanmakeofsuchmaterial. A.what B.whether C.how D.if_____teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenationalchampionships. A.Nomatterwhat B.Nomatterwhich C.Whatever D.Whichever定語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)法細(xì)節(jié)較多，其中需特別注意的包括:

無(wú)論何種定語(yǔ)從句，定可使用還原法

“眾所周知”的多種表達(dá)方法，如asisknowntoall/asweallknow/itisknowntoallthat

what一般不引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，that既可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句也可引導(dǎo)其他從句(如賓語(yǔ)從句)

thatvs.which及連接詞的省略情況

theway的定語(yǔ)從句

定語(yǔ)從句theone/one的區(qū)別、theoneof與oneof的主謂一致問(wèn)題

thesame/such…as/that結(jié)構(gòu)選擇as/that的區(qū)別；those/anyone/hewho的主謂一致

prep.+whom/which/whose+(n.)結(jié)構(gòu)

inwhich等僅在定語(yǔ)從句中才有可能與where互換

特殊的inthat表示因?yàn)?/p>

注意定語(yǔ)從句的割裂現(xiàn)象，劃分清楚從句成分再選擇

定語(yǔ)從句介詞補(bǔ)全問(wèn)題、介詞選擇問(wèn)題

區(qū)分同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句例題Don’tleavethechocolates_____Cathycangetthem.Theyarenotgoodforteeth. A.whether B.inwhich C.where D.unlessTheoldman,_____helpwevisitedTibetlastyear,wasoneofthefirstprofessionalguides. A.who B.underwhose C.withwhose D.whoseNeverletthosewhoaretooweak_____suchaheavybox. A.tocarry B.carrying C.carry D.carried13Hespentasmuchashecould_____meabook.13 A.tobuy B.buy C.buying D.bought_____isgenerallyaccepted,protectingwaterresourceswillbecomeanissueoftheutmostimportanceinthenewcentury. A.What B.That C.Which D.AsTheycouldonlyreadsuchstories_____hadbeenrewritteninsimpleEnglish. A.that B.which C.what D.asTheGreatWallofChinaissuchagoodplace_____everyonewantstogoandvisit_____itiswell-knownallovertheworld. A.that…that B.as…as C.as…that D.that…as倒裝句需特別注意的包括:

前置引起倒裝

留心會(huì)引起倒裝的詞匯(如only、否定詞等)，能一眼識(shí)別

留心雖前置詞匯但不引起倒裝的情況(如only+主語(yǔ)、副詞在句首但主語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞等)

特別注意as的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)(無(wú)冠名詞)，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中as(雖然)必須倒裝，though可倒裝可不倒裝，although絕不能倒裝

特別注意hardly(scarcely,etc.)…when及nosooner…than結(jié)構(gòu)

notonly…butalso…的倒裝(butalso倒裝嗎?)

so,neither的倒裝(主語(yǔ)一致不倒裝，主語(yǔ)不一致反而要倒裝)

not…until句型的倒裝例題–Well,Idothinktherabbitisabeautiful,gentleanimalwhichcanrunveryfast.

–_____. A.Soitis B.Soisit C.Sodoesit D.SoitdoesIgotinhisoldtruckandoff_____tooneofthefarcornersofthefarmtofixthefences. A.didwego B.wewent C.wedidgo D.wentweSoinvolvedwiththeircomputers_____thatleadersatsummercomputercampsoftenhavetoforcethemtobreakforsportsandgames. A.becamethechildren B.becomethechildren

C.hadthechildrenbecome D.dothechildrenbecomeTwohoursawayfromthetallbuildingsofNewYork_____. A.someoftheworld’slargestbearslive

B.therelivessomeoftheworld’slargestbears

C.dosomeoftheworld’slargestbearslive

D.livesomeoftheworld’slargestbearsNotuntilthegamehadbegun_____atthesportsground. A.hearrived B.hewouldhavearrived

C.didhearrive D.shouldhehavearrived_____,hetalksalotabouthisfavoritesingersafterclass. A.Aquietstudentashemaybe B.Quitestudentashemaybe

14C.Quietstudentashemaybe D.Ashemaybeaquietstudent14八、 其他（主要包括強(qiáng)調(diào)句、it結(jié)構(gòu)、存在句、省略、替代、平衡結(jié)構(gòu)）強(qiáng)調(diào)句間或會(huì)出現(xiàn)在高考語(yǔ)法選擇題中，需特別注意的有:

強(qiáng)調(diào)句可表示為Itis/was+強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that/who+其余成分

判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句的方法:去掉Itis/was與that/who后語(yǔ)序稍作調(diào)整，句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然是完整的

在判斷是強(qiáng)調(diào)句之后則可確定其結(jié)構(gòu)，此時(shí)也可確定that/who而非where,what等詞

注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問(wèn)句式

區(qū)別強(qiáng)調(diào)句與一些類(lèi)似強(qiáng)調(diào)句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)例題Itis_____heoftenfailsinexams_____makeshisparentsworriedabouthim. A.what…that B.that…what C.that…that D./…thatItwas_____hewenttocollege_____tolearnJapanese. A.notuntil…thathebegan B.until…thathedidn’tbegin

C.until…thathebegan D.notuntil…bedidn’tbegin_____crimeinthisareahasincreasedsomuchoverthelast20years? A.Whyisitthat B.Whyitisthat C.Whyisit D.Whyitisit/there句型間或也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)法選擇題中，需要注意的包括:

it作形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)句型，特別注意并非任何動(dòng)詞詞組都可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閕t的形式賓語(yǔ)句型，常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞包括think,consider,believe,find,feel,make等，特別注意it的形賓結(jié)構(gòu)的真正賓語(yǔ)可為不定式或that從句，若句中存在后置的名詞(短語(yǔ))作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，則無(wú)需使用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)于make…possible句型中

it/there存在著許多的固定搭配，需牢記在心，并分清哪里用it，哪里用there，特殊句型中的時(shí)態(tài)也需引起重視例題Theeffortsmadebytheresearchers_____possibletheappearanceofanewlife-savingmedicine. A.weremade B.made C.madeit D.weremadeit_____isnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofthemisunderstandingsbetweenthem. A.This B.As C.There D.It_____canbenodoubt_____geneticengineeringisawonderfulnewtool,whosepossibilitiesarelimitedonlybyman’simagination. A.There…that B.There…whether C.It…whether D.It…that省略、替代需特別注意的有:

分清從句連詞何時(shí)可省，何時(shí)不可，哪一類(lèi)從句連詞不能省略

對(duì)于可省可不省的連詞，牢記“不省略總是對(duì)的”

注意替代詞的區(qū)別，that指物不指人，可特指[C]單數(shù)或[U]，指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞改用those；theone則可指代人也可指代物，且特指[C]單數(shù)

注意句中的“平衡結(jié)構(gòu)”15例題15Theinformationhegaveusismoreimportantthan_____wegotourselves. A.one B.those C.that D.theoneBytheendoflastterm,hehadwrittentoanumberofcolleges,receivedthreelettersofacceptance,and_____twocampuses. A.saw B.seen C.seeing D.toseeIwasadvised_____writethehotelforreservations. A.toeithertelephoneorto B.eithertotelephoneorto

C.thatIshouldtelephoneorto D.IoughteithertotelephoneorAcutehearinghelpsmostanimalssensetheapproachofthunderstormslongbeforepeople_____. A.do B.hear C.dothem D.hearingit 編后語(yǔ)由于英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的某些板塊中涉及的內(nèi)容較廣，細(xì)節(jié)較多，所以即使是精通英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的人，在語(yǔ)法選擇題上犯錯(cuò)誤也是難免的。對(duì)語(yǔ)法功底并不扎實(shí)的考生更是如此。常言道，吃一塹長(zhǎng)一智，如果在犯錯(cuò)之后，考生能夠加以分析，并將其記錄下來(lái)，在考試之前再進(jìn)行審查，一定程度上就能避免再次在同一點(diǎn)上犯錯(cuò)的幾率。因此我們建議從高一開(kāi)始，學(xué)生就應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成“將錯(cuò)題記錄到錯(cuò)題集中”的習(xí)慣。正如一本好的語(yǔ)法書(shū)既會(huì)收錄正確的句子，也會(huì)標(biāo)志出錯(cuò)誤的語(yǔ)法一樣，錯(cuò)題集中也應(yīng)該表明誤選的選項(xiàng)以及正確的選項(xiàng)，提醒自己不再犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。 綜合演練以下附上的是從近年各類(lèi)試題中精選出的21組語(yǔ)法綜合題，每套16題，難度各有不同，供選用(1)Directions:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.Ithoughttherewouldbemanycolleagueswhohadalreadyarrived,buttomysurprise,whenIgotin,Ifound_____. A.none B.noone C.nobody D.nothingThetrainleavesat6:00p.m.,soIhavetobeatthestation_____5:40p.m.atthelatest. A.until B.after C.by D.around_____mainlyfortheinventionoftelephone,AlexanderGrahamBellmostlydevotedhislifetohelpingthedeaf. A.Heisremembered B.Toremember C.Whileremembering D.ThoughrememberedHisexplanationwassoclearthateveryonecouldunderstanditwith_____. A.possiblytheleasteffort B.theleasteffortpossibly

C.thepossibleleasteffort D.theleastpossibleeffortIdidn’texpectthem_____formewhenIarrivedthere. A.towait B.tobewaiting C.werewaiting D.tohavewaited–Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithme,Mary?

16–Ihavegotnointerestinit;_____,Ihavelotsofworktodo.16 A.otherwise B.besides C.however D.thereforeMorethan3,000studentswilltakepartinthecontest,_____200willbepickedoutforthefinals. A.where B.ofthem C.ofwhich D.whenThoughI_____togoabroad,Ichangedmymindanddecidedtostaywithmyfamily. A.hadwanted B.wanted C.wouldwant D.didwantTheyoungladyprefersdressingupforapartyto_____byothers. A.benoticed B.beingnoticed C.havingbeennoticed D.havebeennoticed_____abroadforatourcanbeagreathonorforanordinarypersonlikeme. A.Taken B.Taking C.Beingtaken D.HavingbeentakenNothinginmylifehasmeant_____tomeashispraise. A.asmuch B.more C.thatmuch D.asgoodTheprizewinnerstoodontheplatform,_____.Hecouldhardlykeepbackhistears. A.excited B.excitedl