高中英語必修五第一單元知識點課件

UnitOneLanguagePoints2021/5/91JohnSnowwasawell-known______inLondoninthe______century.Hewantedtofindthe______ofcholerainorderto______it.In1854whenacholera______out,hebegantogatherinformation.He______onamapwhereallthedeadpeoplehadlivedandhefoundthatmanypeoplewhohaddrunkthedirtywaterfromthe______died.Sohedecidedthatthepollutedwatercarriedcholera.Hesuggestedthatthe______ofallwatersupplybe________andnewmethodsof________withpollutedwaterbefound.Finally,“KingCholera”was________.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokemarkedpumpsourceexamineddealingdefeated復(fù)習總動員2021/5/92Warmingup2021/5/93knowabout

了解有關(guān)….的情況knowof

聽說過有些事我想了解一下.

ThereissomethingIwanttoknowabout.我聽說過那件事,但不很清楚.Iknowofit,butIdidn’tknowitwell.1.知識袋袋庫2021/5/942.characteristicadj.獨特的，特有的

n．特征，特性

eg.geneticcharacteristics

遺傳特征charactern．性格；特征；人物，角色；characterizev．是…的特征；描述…的特征characterlessadj.無特色的；平凡的區(qū)別future和characteristicKindnessisoneofhis_____________.Mycardoesn’thavespecial________.characteristicsfutures2021/5/953.putforward:bringup,comeupwitheg:Heputforwardsomeusefuladviceatthemeeting.

WeputforwardTomasmonitor.

推薦Themeetinghasbeenputforwardto2:00pm.

提前提出2021/5/96AninterestingsuggestionformeasuringtheatmospherearoundMarshasbeen________.A．putforward

B．putdownC.putupD.putaside【解析】有人提出一個有趣的建議…【答案】A考題練練看2021/5/97putaside_____________________putaway_____________________putoff_____________________puton_____________________putdown_____________________putout_____________________putup_____________________putupwith_____________________

儲蓄…備用把…收拾起來

推遲

穿上，戴上；上演，演出

舉起；粘貼；建立，建設(shè)

忍受

放下?lián)錅?火)思維泡泡堂2021/5/98Consideringyoursalary，youshouldbeableto________atleasttwentydollarsaweek.A．putforward B．putupC．putout D．putaside【解析】

句意為“就你的工資而言，每周你應(yīng)至少存20美元”。putforward提出；putup張貼；putout撲滅；putaside儲存?！敬鸢浮?/p>

D考題練練看2021/5/99Pre-reading2021/5/9104.concludevt/vi①cometoaclose____________eg:⑴Themeetingconcludedat8:00pm.⑵Sheconcludedherspeechwithapoem.⑶

Sheconcludedherspeechbyreadingapoem.歸納總結(jié)：(使)結(jié)束,終止2021/5/911②decidesthasaresultofwhatyouseeorhear______________eg.⑴Whatcanyouconcludefromthesefacts?

⑵

Afterwaitingforhalfanhour，Iconcludedthathewouldn’tcomeatall.

等了半個小時后，我斷定他不會來了。推斷出,得出結(jié)論歸納總結(jié):

2021/5/912n.conclusion

結(jié)論，結(jié)束

*

arriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion__________eg:⑴Itwasdifficulttodrawa

conclusion

becausethesituationwascomplex.*inconclusion_____=inaword,tosumupeg:⑴Inconclusion,IwouldliketosayhowmuchIhaveenjoyedmyselftoday.得出結(jié)論

總之

思維袋袋庫2021/5/913—Annseemstobeupset.What’sup?—She________fromthevoiceonthelinethathermotherisnotsatisfiedwithhertestscores.A．includes

B．concludesC．suggests D．contains【解析】下句意為：她根據(jù)電話中的聲音判定母親對她的考試成績不滿意。

【答案】

B考題練練看2021/5/914Reading2021/5/9155.defeatvt.①towinagainstsbintheawar,competition,sportsgame

____________

②tobedifficultforsb_____________n.③failuretowin

___________eg:⑴Thearmydefeatedtheenemyintheend.⑵TomsuffereddefeatintheEnglishexamination.⑶TheproblemhasdefeatedmeandIcan’tsolveit.打敗，戰(zhàn)勝

失敗，挫折

難倒，使困惑

2021/5/916辨析：defeat/beat/winHecaneasily___________meatgolf.Hedidn’t______theelection.Hewas_______________intheelection.⑴defeat戰(zhàn)勝，擊敗。含義廣泛，指在戰(zhàn)爭、辯論、爭斗、競選或比賽中擊敗對方，獲得勝利。賓語是對手。⑵beat表示“戰(zhàn)勝，擊敗和難倒”時可與defeat互換;另外還可以表示“擊打，(心臟)跳動”等含義。⑶win后只接事或物（比賽、辯論、戰(zhàn)斗、獎品、錢）不能是對手。defeated/beatenbeat/defeatwin2021/5/917LinDan________hercompetitorandgotthefirstplaceinthegame.A．won B．defeatC．beat D．hit

【解析】

“擊敗對手”可用beat或defeat，但由got可知，空白處應(yīng)用過去時，若選B，則應(yīng)為defeated。

【答案】

C考題練練看2021/5/9186.attendvbepresentat;takecareof

________________

attendtosb/sth:todealwithsb/sth;totakecareofsb/sth_______________eg:Heattendedthemeetingyesterday.Ihavesomeurgentbusinesstoattendto.出席,參加;照顧,護理處理,應(yīng)付;照顧,護理2021/5/919Thecoachaskedhisstaffto________thelargegroupofjournalistswaitingforhimtoannouncehistrainingplans.A．a(chǎn)dapttoB．a(chǎn)ttendtoC．refertoD．a(chǎn)ppealto

【解析】adaptto意為“適應(yīng)”，attendto

意為“注意，關(guān)心，料理”，referto

意為“涉及”，appealto

意為“向……呼吁，求助于”。整句話意為“教練要求他的隊員去照應(yīng)一下那一大群等著他公布訓(xùn)練計劃的新聞記者們”?？碱}練練看【答案

】B2021/5/920區(qū)別attend/join/joinin/takepartinWouldyouliketo______usinthebasketgame?A.attendB.joinC.joininD.takepartin考題練練看【答案】B2021/5/921①attend正式用語，參加嚴肅的活動，如會議，聽課，演講。②join加入某一組織，成為其中成員。③join(sb.)insth./doing和某人一起進行一項具體的活動，多指正在進行的活動。④takepartin參加活動，是一般用語。思維袋袋庫2021/5/9227.exposevt.showsthhidden;tellthetruth_______________

曝光;暴露;揭露exposesth/sbtosth________________

暴露；顯露

exposesbas…

________________

揭露某人eg:Don’texposeyourselftothesunfortoolong.You’llgetsunburned.2021/5/923______tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone'sskin.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed【解析】動名詞的被動式做主語。【答案】C考題練練看2021/5/924Sentence1.

Neitheritscause,noritscure

wasunderstood.人們既不知道其起因，又不知道它的治療方法。neither...nor...既不…，也不…

，連接句中兩個相同成分,表全部否定。NeithermyfathernorIwasthere.

我父親和我都不在那里。2021/5/925neither…nor,either…or,notonly…butalso

連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與離它最近的那個主語的數(shù)保持一致。符合主謂一致中的就近原則。NeitherhenorIamastudent.EitherMaryorherbrothersaretoblameforthefault.Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball.思維袋袋庫2021/5/926(2009年湖南卷)Eitheryouoryouroneofyourstudents____toattendthemeeting.A.areB.isC.haveD.be【答案】B考題練練看2021/5/9278.WhenIlefthospitalIwascompletedcured.

Isthereacertaincureforcanceryet?

cure:__________________________vt.治愈，治療；n.療法，治療藥

curesb.

of治好(病、惡習等)acure

for

治療……的方法2021/5/928辨析：treat與cure—Hasthedoctor___herillness?—No，he___herbutdidn't___her.A．cured;treated;treatB．cured;cured;treatC．treatedtheoldwomanfor;treated;cureD．curedtheoldwomanof;treated;cure解析：cure“治愈”強調(diào)結(jié)果。curesbofsthtreat“治療”強調(diào)過程。treatsbforsth答案：D思維袋袋庫2021/5/929Sentence2.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.everytime

在這里是連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“每次，每當”e.g.EverytimeIhearthatsong,Ifeelhappy.

每次聽到那首歌，我都感到非常開心。2021/5/930(2009年云南玉溪模擬)________youtalktosomeoneorwriteamessage，youshowyourskillstoothers.A．Attimes B．SometimeC．Everytime D．Thetime【解析】句意為：每次你與別人交談或?qū)懶畔?，你都向別人展示你的技能。everytime是名詞詞組用做連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句?！敬鸢浮?/p>

C考題練練看2021/5/931注意:immediately,themoment/theminute,directly,instantly等與

everytime一樣，都可以用作連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“一…..就”。如：Iwillgivethelettertohimimmediately/themoment/directly/instantlyIseehim.另外thefirsttime(第一次)，nexttime(下次)，lasttime(上次)都可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。思維袋袋庫2021/5/932(2009年陜西卷)Thisisthefirsttimewe________afilminthecinematogetherasafamily.A．see B．hadseenC．saw D．haveseen【解析】“This/Itisthe＋序數(shù)詞＋time+that從句”為固定句型，如果前面用is，從句動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時；如果用was，則用過去完成時。。【答案】

D考題練練看2021/5/9339.challengen/vt挑戰(zhàn)eg:(1)opportunityandchallenge

機遇與挑戰(zhàn)擴展：faceachallenge面臨挑戰(zhàn)

meetachallenge接受挑戰(zhàn)

challengingadj.具有挑戰(zhàn)性的2021/5/93410.suggest

v.建議；暗示，表明

①suggest+doingsth/sth./that-clause

他建議我們參觀長城。HesuggestedvisitingtheGreatWall.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)visittheGreatWall.

②suggest(暗示，表明)+從句不用虛擬語氣。Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthatsheagreedwithme.2021/5/93511.absorbvt.吸收(液體、氣體)；吸引，使、專心Thecreamiseasilyabsorbedintotheskin.這種乳霜容易被皮膚吸收。Iwas

so

absorbedinthisbookthatIdidn’thearyoucomein.歸納總結(jié)：2021/5/936Itisveryquietintheclassroom.Thestudentsareall________readingbooks.A．a(chǎn)bsorbed B．a(chǎn)bsorbedinC．a(chǎn)bsorbingin D．a(chǎn)bsorb

【解析】

本題意為：教室里很安靜，學(xué)生們在全心全意讀書。beabsorbedindoingsth.專心做某事。

【答案】

B考題練練看2021/5/937Thewriterwasso________inherworkthatshedidn'tnoticehimentertheroom.A．a(chǎn)bandonedB．focusedC．a(chǎn)bsorbedD．centered【解析】beabsorbedin全神貫在…；

focussbonsth使…專注于…【答案】

C考題練練看2021/5/93812.suspectv.認為、懷疑eg:Isuspectedthetruthofherstatement.*suspectsbofdoingsth

懷疑某人做某事*suspectsb\sthtobe…

懷疑…是…eg:Hehadsuspectedheroftellingalietome.

2021/5/93913.blamevt

considerorsaythatsbisresponsibleforsth

____________eg:Pleasedon’tblameme.blamesbforsth\doingsth_____________blamesthonsb______________betoblame__________________責備、譴責

責備某人做某事

把某事歸咎于某人

(某人/某物)該受指責

n過失、責備It’snotfairthatyoushouldgettheblame.2021/5/940Don’talways______yourownfailure______others.Sometimesyouyourself______.A．blame；on；aretobeblamedB．blame；for；aretoblameC．blame；on；aretoblameD．blame；for；aretobeblamed【解析】

句意為：不要總把失敗歸咎于他人。有時該責怪你自己。blamesth.onsb.把……歸咎于某人；betoblame該受責備，要用主動式表被動意義。

【答案】

C考題練練看2021/5/941Themotherwholosthersoninsistedthatthecarelessdriver________forthetrafficaccident________yesterday.A．wastoblame;happeningB．betoblame;happeningC．beblamed;washappenedD．wastoblame;hadhappened【解析】

本題意為：失去兒子的母親堅持認為粗心的司機應(yīng)該為昨天發(fā)生的交通事故負責?！敬鸢浮?/p>

A考題練練看2021/5/942(2006年安徽卷)MrGreenstoodupindefenceof(為…辯護)the16-year-oldboy，sayingthathewasnottheone________.A．blamed B．blamingC．toblame D．tobeblamed【解析】

hewasnottheonetoblame意為“他不是那個應(yīng)該受責備的人”?！敬鸢浮?/p>

C考題練練看2021/5/943(2006年福建卷)________forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork，Alicewasinlowspirits.A．Blaming B．BlamedC．Toblame D．Tobeblamed【解析】

本題考查非謂語動詞的用法。句意為：Alice因為電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障被責備，情緒很低落。非謂語形式用做原因狀語，主語是這個動作的承受者，故用過去分詞blamed。D項tobeblamed有將要的意味?！敬鸢浮?/p>

B考題練練看2021/5/944Sentence3Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.看來霍亂的流行要歸罪于飲水了。be+動詞不定式，可以表示該做或不該做的事情，相當于must,should,oughtto等。Youarenottobelateagain.2021/5/94514.lookinto調(diào)查，研究;Thepolicearenowlookingintothematter.警方正在調(diào)查這件事。lookback回顧，回首lookdownupon蔑視lookover檢查，查看lookon旁觀lookthrough匆匆瀏覽lookup查閱，查找2021/5/94615.Handlevtdealwith,operate__________n.partofatool,cup,bucketdooretc,bywhichitmaybeheld,carriedorcontrolled_______eg:Doyouknowhowtohandlethecomputer?處理操作把手2021/5/94716.linkvt&nconnectorputtogethertwoormorepieces連接；聯(lián)系

link…to…(常用被動,表狀態(tài))=connect…with…___________________linkup(with)______________eg:⑴Bloodinhisshirtlinkedhimtothecrime.

⑵Anewfreeway(高速公路)willbebuilttolinkupourcitywithWuhan.把…與…連接/聯(lián)系起來

連接，結(jié)合

2021/5/94817.announcevtmakesthknownpublicly

宣布通告eg:YaoMingannouncedinhishometownthathehasretiredfromNBA.歸納總結(jié)：

announcesth.宣布某事

announce＋that-clause2021/5/949辨析：announce與declareTheresultofthisexaminationwillbe__________tomorrow.A．publishedB．declaredC．a(chǎn)nnouncedD．opened【解析】announce強調(diào)正式地“公開、發(fā)表、宣布”，側(cè)重預(yù)告人們所關(guān)心或感興趣的事情；

declare指正式而明確地向公眾“宣布，宣告，聲明”，側(cè)重當眾發(fā)表，多用于宣判、會議、宣戰(zhàn)等。C思維袋袋庫【答案】2021/5/95018.instructvteach；order,direct教，教授；指示，命令，吩咐instructsbinsth

教授某人……instructsbtodosth

命令/吩咐某人去做某事eg:Heinstructsaclassinhistory.I’vebeeninstructedtowaithereuntilthelecturerarrives.2021/5/951MrSmithdecidedtohireateacherto________hissoninEnglish.A．teachB．introduceC．instructD．direct【答案】：C考題練練看2021/5/952Learningaboutlanguage2021/5/95319.contribute

vt.&vi.捐款；貢獻；捐助contribute…to…____________________eg:Hecontributedhislifetohelpingthepoor.HecontributedhisarticletoChinaDaily.contributeto__________________eg:Variousfactorscontributedtohisfailure.捐助、捐獻;投稿導(dǎo)致，促成；有助于

2021/5/954Practice:Manypeople__________money__thepoorboy,which_____________hisreturningtoschool.Awriterwroteastoryaboutthisand_________it___anewspaper.

contributedtocontributedtocontributedto考題練練看2021/5/955Tobehonest，mycarelessness________alottomyfailure.A．contributed B．donatedC．provided D．offered【解析】

句意為：說實話，我的失敗主要是因為我的粗心大意。contributeto導(dǎo)致。donate捐獻；provide提供；offer(主動)提供。

【答案】

A考題練練看2021/5/956n.contribution

貢獻makegreatcontributionsto

對……有貢獻思維袋袋庫2021/5/95720.apartfrom

除…之外（既有相加又有相減的含義）eg:Apartfrommyparents,Ihavenoonetobelievein.(相減)Apartfromthecost,weneedtothinkabouthowmuchtimethejobwilltake.、(相加)2021/5/958辨析besides\except\apartfrom\exceptfor1.besides:“除了…之外（還有）”(相加)Therewillbefiveofusfordinner,besidesJohn.2.except:“除…之外”;(相減)when\that\if…Icycletowork,exceptwhenIrains.3.exceptfor強調(diào)整體很好，就一點不好，強調(diào)

前后名詞性質(zhì)不同。

Hiscompositionisgoodexceptforaspellingmistake.思維袋袋庫2021/5/959LiLongisagoodstudent___hislaziness.A.exceptB.besidesC.exceptforD.but【解析】李紅是個好學(xué)生，就是有點懶。屬于整體很好，就一點不好?！敬鸢浮緾考題練練看2021/5/960UsingLanguage

ReadingandWriting2021/5/96121.strictadj.

嚴厲的；嚴格的；嚴謹?shù)?/p>

Mr.Liuisastrictteacher.bestrictwithsb

對某人要求嚴格bestrictabout\indoing

對某事、做某事要求嚴格eg:TheWhitesarevery_________theirchildren.Thehospitalisquite__________

visitinghours.strictwithstrictabout2021/5/96222.makesense

有意義、講得通;是明智作法。(不及物動詞短語)eg:Yourstorydoesn’tmakesensetome.Itmakessenseforsbtodosth.

對某人來說做某事是明智的eg:Itmakessensetosavemoneywhileyoucan.makesenseof…理解、明白eg:Canyoumakesenseofthispoem?2021/5/963Itdoesn'tmake________tobuythatexpensivecoatwhenthesecheaperonesarejustasgood.A．senseB．opinionC．use