新教材2024版高中英語課時(shí)作業(yè)9Unit9HumanBiologyPartATopicTalk北師大版選擇性必修第三冊

課時(shí)作業(yè)(九)Unit9PartATopicTalk閱讀理解ATinymicrobes(微生物)areattheheartofanewagriculturaltechniquetomanageharmfulgreenhousegasemissions.Scientistshavediscoveredthatmicrobescanbeusedtoturncarbondioxideintosoil-enrichinglimestone(石灰?guī)r)withthehelpofatypeoftreethatgrowsintropicalareas,suchasWestAfrica.Researchershavefoundthatwhentheirokotreeisgrownindry,acidicsoilandtreatedwithacombinationofnaturalfungi(真菌)andotherbacteria,notonlydoesthetreegrowwell,italsoproducesminerallimestoneinthesoilarounditsroots.Theirokotreemakesamineralbycombiningcalciumfromtheearthwithcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.Bacteriathencreatetheconditionsunderwhichthismineralturnsintolimestone.Thediscoveryoffersanewwaytolockcarbondioxideintothesoil,keepingitoutoftheatmosphere.Inadditiontostoringcarbondioxideinthetrees'leavesandintheformoflimestone,themineralinthesoilmakesitmoresuitableforagriculture.Thediscoverycouldleadtoreforestationprojectsintropicalcountries,andhelpreducecarbondioxideemissionsintheatmosphereinthedevelopingworld.IthasalreadybeenusedinWestAfricaandisbeingtestedinBolivia,HaitiandIndia.Thefindingsweremadeinathree-yearprojectinvolvingresearchersfromtheUniversityofEdinburgh,Lausanne,GranadaandDelftUniversityofTechnology.Theprojectexaminedseveralmicrobiologicalmethodsforlockingcarbondioxideaslimestone,andtheiroko-bacteriawayshowedthebestresults.WorkwasfundedbytheEuropeanCommissionundertheFuture&EmergingTechnologies(FET)scheme.DrBryneNgwenyaoftheUniversityofEdinburgh'sSchoolofGeosciences,wholedtheresearch,said,“Bytakingadvantageofthisnaturallimestone-producingprocess,wehavealow-tech,safeandeasilyoperatingwaytolockcarbondioxideoutoftheatmosphere,whileimprovingfarmingconditionsintropicalcountries.”1．Thepassagemainlyintroduces________．A．someusefulnaturalfungiandbacteriaB．a(chǎn)newwaytodealwithgreenhousegasemissionsC．a(chǎn)newlyfoundtreeinWestAfricaD．thesoil-enrichinglimestonecreatedbyscientists2．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttinymicrobes?A．Mosttinymicrobeslikelivingindry,acidicsoil.B．Carbondioxidecanbebrokendownbynaturalfungiandbacteria.C．Themoregreenhousegasis,themoreactivetinymicrobesbecome.D．Tinymicrobesgetalongwellwiththeirokotreeinspecialsoil.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3probablyreferto?A．Carbondioxide. B．Carbon.C．Soil. D．Limestone.4．Accordingtothepassage,whatcanweinfer?A．Theactionofthetinymicrobescanincreasetheoxygenintheearth.B．ResearchershavedonetheexperimentontreesinAfricaforthreeyears.C．Researcherstendtousenaturalpowertosolvetheirproblems.D．WestAfricaisoneofthemostpollutedareasallovertheworld.5．Accordingtothepassage,theiroko-bacteriamethod________.A．canbeusedtoimprovethefarminglandB．cansavealotofseriouslydestroyedwoodsC．hasbeenpopularizedinBolivia,HaitiandIndiaD．shouldbespreadallaroundtheworldinthefutureBInNewJersey,there'sarowofhouseswithagreenlawn(草坪)thatkidscan'tenjoy.“It'sreallyfrustrating.Theselawnsareuselesstome，”Alice,asuburbanmominNewJerseysaid.Shelivesinabeautifulcommunityfullofgreenlawns.It'sthemiddleofsummer,buttherearenodandelions(蒲公英)insight.Andthat'stheproblem:thelawnsaresogreenbecausethey'refullofpesticides(殺蟲劑).Warningsignsurgeparentstokeepkidsoffthechemical-ladengrass.Alicesaysthatmostlawnsandparksinherareaarelikethis.Thereareplentyofthem,butherkidscan'tplayinthem.“Ijustwanttoletmybabyexperiencethegrass，”shesaid.“Also,I'msureit'snotgoodforanimals.Theotherday,awomanfoundadeaddeerinherbackyard.”Inthe1940s,peopleoftenmixedclover(三葉草)withgrasstokeeplawnsstrong,whichbenefitedtheenvironment.Butoverthelastfewdecades,pesticideshavetakenover.In2012,theworldspent$56billiononpesticides.Theygointofarms,lawns,parksandjustaboutanywherewherehumansgrowplants.Thesechemicalskeepparks'grassandflowersperfect.Theyjustmakethemuselessasactualparks.Thatmaybemorethanjustannoying.Newresearchhasshownthatplayisgoodforkids.Ithelpsthemdiscovertheworldandlearnhowtogetalongwithotherpeople.Butit'shardtogetenoughplayinwhentherearesofewpublicspaceswherekidscanplay.Andthefewthatexistareoftencoveredinchemicalsthatmakeparentsuncomfortable.Therearethingstotaketheplaceofpesticides,likeplantingalawnfullofclover.Besides,maybeadandelionhereorthereisn'ttheworstthing.6．Whydoparentsasktheirkidstokeepoffthegrass?A．Toshelterkidsfromdamage.B．Toprotecttheenvironment.C．Toletkidsavoidseeingthedeaddeer.D．Toletkidshavemoretimetostudy.7．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A．Cloverhasbeenpopularallthetime.B．Theworldfocusesonbuildingparks.C．Chemicalshelpcropsgrowwellintheparks.D．Nowadaysparksaren'twhattheyusedtobe.8．NewresearchonkidsinParagraph5ismentionedto________.A．showplayiskids'natureB．a(chǎn)dviseplantingmorecloverC．presentchemicals'badeffectsonkidsD．encouragekidstogetonwellwithothersCTherewasonethoughtthatairpollutionaffectedonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesandheavytraffic.Atpresent,werealizethatalthoughthesearetheareaswiththeworstairpollution,theproblemisreallyworldwide.Onseveraloccasionsoverthepastdecade,aheavycloudofairpollutionhascoveredtheeastoftheUnitedStatesandbroughthealthwarningsindistantareasawayfromanyindustrialcities.Infact,theveryclimateoftheentireearthmaybeinfectedbyairpollution.Somescientistsconsiderthattheincreasingconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheairresultingfromtheburningoffossilfuels(coalandoil)iscreatinga“greenhouseeffect”—keepingheatreflectedfromtheearthandraisingtheworld'saveragetemperature.Ifthisviewiscorrectandtheworld'stemperatureisraisedonlyafewdegrees,muchofthepolaricecapwillmeltandcitiessuchasNewYork,Boston,Miami,andNewOrleanswillbeinwater.Anotherview,lesswidelyheld,isthatincreasingparticularmatterintheatmosphereisblockingsunlightandloweringtheearth'stemperature—aresultthatwouldbeequallydisastrous.Adropofjustafewdegreescouldcreatesomethingclosetoanewiceage,andwouldmakeagriculturedifficultorimpossibleinmanyofourtopfarmingareas.Todaywedonotknowforsurethateitheroftheseconditionswillhappen.Perhaps,ifweareluckyenough,thetwotendencieswilloffseteachotherandtheworld'stemperaturewillstayaboutthesameasitisnow.Drivenbyeconomicprofits,peopleignorethedamageonourenvironmentcausedbythe“advancedcivilization”.Maybetheairpollutionisthepricethehumanbeingshavetopayfortheirdevelopment.Butisitreallyworthwhile?9．Peopleusedtothinkthatairpollution________．A.causedwidespreaddamageinthecountrysideB.affectedtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatesC．hadaverybadeffectonhealthD．existedmerelyinurbanandindustrialareas10．Astothegreenhouseeffect,theauthor________．A．sharesthesameviewwiththescientistsB．isuncertainofitsoccurrenceC．rejectsitasbeingungroundedD．thinksthatitwilldestroytheworldsoon11．Theunderlinedword“offset”inthethirdparagraphcouldbereplacedby“________”．A.counteract B．breakfromC．getalong D．communicate12．Iftheworld'stemperatureloweredjustafewdegrees________．A．itwouldnotdomuchharmtolifeonearthB．itwouldleadmajorfarmingareastodisasterC．particularthingswouldincreasegreatlyintheatmosphereD．seasandoceanswouldfloodmanycities課時(shí)作業(yè)(九)閱讀理解A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了科學(xué)家發(fā)覺在伊羅科樹的幫助下，微生物可以將二氧化碳轉(zhuǎn)化為石灰?guī)r，這種方法可以用來處理溫室氣體。1．答案與解析：B主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段首句可知，微生物是處理有害溫室氣體的農(nóng)業(yè)新技術(shù)的核心，本文介紹的就是利用這種新技術(shù)處理溫室氣體的方法，故B項(xiàng)正確。2．答案與解析：D推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段內(nèi)容可知，當(dāng)伊羅科樹生長在干燥、酸性的土壤中并經(jīng)過自然真菌和其他細(xì)菌的組合處理后，它不僅生長良好，還會在根部四周的土壤中產(chǎn)生礦物質(zhì)石灰?guī)r。由此可知，在某種特別的土壤中，伊羅科樹能夠和微生物相處得很好，故D項(xiàng)正確。3．答案與解析：C詞義揣測題。依據(jù)畫線詞所在句Inadditiontostoringcarbondioxideinthetrees'leavesandintheformoflimestone,themineralinthesoilmakesitmoresuitableforagriculture.可知，除了在樹葉中和以石灰?guī)r的形式儲存二氧化碳外，土壤中的礦物質(zhì)使土壤更適合農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。由此可知，it指代的就是前面提到的“土壤”，故C項(xiàng)正確。4．答案與解析：C推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中的Theprojectexaminedseveralmicrobiologicalmethodsforlockingcarbondioxideaslimestone,andtheiroko-bacteriawayshowedthebestresults.可知，該項(xiàng)目探討了多種將二氧化碳鎖定為石灰?guī)r的微生物方法，其中伊羅科樹與細(xì)菌結(jié)合的方法效果最好。再結(jié)合最終一段內(nèi)容可知，探討人員傾向于運(yùn)用自然力氣來解決溫室氣體的問題，故C項(xiàng)正確。5．答案與解析：A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中DrBryneNgwenya的話可知，通過利用這種自然的石灰?guī)r生產(chǎn)過程，“我們”有了一種不涉及高科技的、平安的、易于操作的方法來阻擋二氧化碳進(jìn)入大氣，同時(shí)改善熱帶國家的農(nóng)業(yè)條件。由此可知，這種方法能