黑龍江省大慶2024-2025高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期中考試試題

大慶試驗(yàn)中學(xué)2024—2025學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期高三期中考試英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分20分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whydidn'tthewomansleepwelllastnight?A.Therewasadogbarking.B.Therewassomeloudmusic.C.Thereweresomebirdssinging.2.Whatisthemandoing?A.Checkingamap.B.Drivingacar.C.Pointingthedirections.3.Whatdoesthewomanmeanintheend?A.Themanmadeapoorexcuse.B.Thetrainisunreliableonrainydays.C.Themanistheonlyonetotakethesubway.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inacarshop.B.Atacarpark.C.Atagarage.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Anevent.B.AbudgetC.Theboss.其次節(jié)：（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.Whentogetfullyprepared.B.Whentovisitacustomer.C.Whentomeettheaccountant.7.Whatwillthewomandoat2:30p.m.?A.Meettheman.B.Talkwiththeaccountant.C.Attendanappointment.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.What'sthebestlanguagestudymethodaccordingtotheman?A.Usinganapp.B.Speakingwithlocalpeople.C.Listeningtonews.9.Whatdoesthemanvaluemost?A.Touringthecountry.B.Exploringlocalcafes.C.Gettinginvolvedinculture.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.WhereisPizzaDelight?A.Inthecitycenter.B.Neartheman'shouse.C.Bythemovietheatre.11.Whatisthewoman'sopinionofthepizzainPizzaDelight?A.It'sfancy.B.It'sfine.C.It'sbad.12.Howsoonwillthespeakersleave?A.In15minutes.B.In30minutes.C.In45minutes.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatisthekeyfactorinwindsurfing?A.High-qualityequipment.B.Personalphysicalcondition.C.Previoussportingexperience.14.WhatadvicedoesLilygiveonsafety?A.Usenoticeableboardandsail.B.Preparelife-savingequipment.C.Tealsomeonehowyoucanbeidentified.15.WhatdoesLilyenjoymostaboutwindsurfing?A.Forgettingeverydayworries.B.Learningnewtechniques.C.Developinghermuscles.16.WhatmightLilydointhefuture?A.Giveupwindsurfing.B.Actasawindsurfingcoach.C.Takepartinwindsurfingcompetitions.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatcanthelistenersdoduringtheopening?A.Enteracompetition.B.MeetasportsmanC.Getasignedcopy.18.Whatwillallcompetitorsreceive?A.Ticketsforsportsevents.B.Sportscalendars.C.SignedcopiesofCDs.19.Howmuchdoesthefitnesstestcostthismonth?A.￡15.B.￡30.C.￡50.20.Whatdoesthespeakerencouragelistenerstodointheend?A.Tobookaplaceviaemail.B.Totryoutequipmentatopeningmornings.C.Toopenanaccountformoreoffers.其次部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AEveryyear,TIMEhighlightsinventionsthataremakingtheworldbetter,smarterandevenabitmorefun.Herearesomeselectedonesthatwillabsolutelyblowyourkids’mind.SpheroIndi($124.99)Codingisamatterofproblem-solvingandpatternrecognition.SpheroInditeachesboth,noscreenrequired.Instead,kidsusedifferent-coloredcardstomovearoboticcarfrompointAtoB—greencardsincreasingitsspeed,pinkcardstellingittoturnleft,andsoon.“Wereallywantedtobringtheseabstractconceptsintothephysicalworld,”saysJeffWiencrot,oneoftheproductdevelopers.Thames&KosmosMegaCyborgHand($39.95)Theefforttogetkidsinterestedinsciencejustgotahelpinghand—acyborghand,tobeprecise.Kidsbuildaroboticarmthatcopiestheirhandgestures,whiletheylearnaboutengineeringandrobotics.Onceassembled(組裝)andslippedonlikeaglove,thedevicepassesforcesfromtheuser’sfingerstotheextendedonesoftherobotichand.SproutelPurrble($49.99)Forchildrenwhoareupsetforsomereason,Purrblecomestotheirrescue.Aninteractivetoyequippedwithsevensensorsthatrespondtotouch,Purrble’sheartbeatspeedsupwhenitsensessomebody’splayingwithit.Kidscanthencomforttheircompanionwithgentlepetting,slowingPurrble’srapidheartbeattoapurr(咕嚕聲)—calmingthemselvesaswellintheprocess.Legorecycledbrick(Unpriced)TheLegoGroup,intendingtomakeallLegobricksfromsustainableresourcesby2030,spentthepastthreeyearstestingdifferentrecycledPETplasticmaterials,andfinallydevelopeditsfirstrecycledPETbrickthatisnearlyidenticaltotheusualbrick.TheDanishtoycompanyhopestointegratetherecycledblocksintoLegosetsinthenext18to24months.1.WhatdoSpheroIndiandThames&KomosMegaCyborgHandhaveincommon?A.Theytrainkidsinprogramming. B.Theyareinventedbykids.C.Theyneedfittingtogetherfirst. D.Theycombinefunwithlearning.2.Whichinventionbestsuitskidswhoneedemotionalcomfort?A.SpheroIndi. B.SproutelPurrble.C.Thames&KosmosMegaCyborgHand D.Legorecycledbrick.3.WhatmakesLegorecycledbrickspecial?A.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly. B.Itcanbemass-produced.C.Itlooksdistinctfromtheusualone. D.Itisasolutiontotesting.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四種適合孩子的玩具?！?題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)SpheroIndi($124.99)部分中“Instead,kidsusedifferent-coloredcardstomovearoboticcarfrompointAtoB—greencardsincreasingitsspeed,pinkcardstellingittoturnleft,andsoon.“Wereallywantedtobringtheseabstractconceptsintothephysicalworld,”saysJeffWiencrot,oneoftheproductdevelopers.(相反，孩子們運(yùn)用不同顏色的卡片將機(jī)器人汽車(chē)從A點(diǎn)移動(dòng)到B點(diǎn)——綠色卡片提高其速度，粉紅色卡片告知它向左拐，等等?！拔覀冋娴暮芟氚堰@些抽象的概念帶入現(xiàn)實(shí)世界，”產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)人員之一JeffWiencrot說(shuō))”以及Thames&KosmosMegaCyborgHand($39.95)部分中“Theefforttogetkidsinterestedinsciencejustgotahelpinghand—acyborghand,tobeprecise.Kidsbuildaroboticarmthatcopiestheirhandgestures,whiletheylearnaboutengineeringandrobotics.(讓孩子們對(duì)科學(xué)感愛(ài)好的努力只是得到了一個(gè)幫助——一個(gè)機(jī)器人手，精確的說(shuō)。孩子們通過(guò)復(fù)制自己的手臂建立一個(gè)機(jī)器人手臂，同時(shí)他們學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)于工程和機(jī)器人的學(xué)問(wèn))”可知，Spheroindii和Thames&KomosMegaCyborgHand的共同之處是把學(xué)習(xí)和消遣結(jié)合起來(lái)。故選D?！?題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)SproutelPurrble部分中“Forchildrenwhoareupsetforsomereason,Purrblecomestotheirrescue.(對(duì)于那些因?yàn)槟撤N緣由而擔(dān)憂的孩子，Purrble會(huì)來(lái)挽救他們)”可知，SproutelPurrble最適合須要情感勸慰的孩子。故選B?！?題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段“TheLegoGroup,intendingtomakeallLegobricksfromsustainableresourcesby2030,spentthepastthreeyearstestingdifferentrecycledPETplasticmaterials,andfinallydevelopeditsfirstrecycledPETbrickthatisnearlyidenticaltotheusualbrick.(樂(lè)高集團(tuán)支配到2030年用可持續(xù)資源生產(chǎn)全部樂(lè)高積木，在過(guò)去的三年里，他們測(cè)試了不同的再生PET塑料材料，最終開(kāi)發(fā)出了第一塊與一般積木幾乎相同的再生PET磚)”可知，樂(lè)高回收積木的特殊之處在于它是環(huán)保的。故選A。BWhenImadethedecisiontoquitmyfull-timeemployment,IneverthoughtthatIcouldgetinvolvedinanincreasingglobaltrend.Ihadtoleavemyrelativelyhigh-profilepositionforanunexpectedmovethathurtmyprideandpreventedmefromgettingpromoted.Yet,Iexcusedmydeparturebysaying“Iwantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily”.Curiously,afteraroundtwoandahalfyears,myexperienceinwhatAmericansrefertoas“downshifting”hasturnedmyexcuseintoanabsolutereality.IhavebeentransformedfromapassionateadvocateofLindaKelsey’s“haveitall”concept,whichshehasbeenpromotingforthepastsevenyearsinthepagesofShemagazine,intoawomanwhoiscontenttoacceptalittlebitofeverything.Ihavediscoveredthatabandoningtheideaof“jugglingyourlife”andadoptingthealternativestrategyof“downshifting”hasbenefitsthatgofarbeyondfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.NothingcouldconvincemetogobacktothelifestyleKelseyusedtopromoteandwhichIhadpreviouslyenjoyed:12-hourworkdays,tightdeadlines,theterrifyingpressureofofficepolitics,andthedemandofbeingaparenton“qualitytime”.Afterthewidespreadlayoffs(裁員)broughtonbycost-cuttinginthelate1980s,Americastartedtomovetowardasimpler,lessmaterialisticwayoflifeasaresponsetotheeconomicdownturn.InAmerica,simplifyingone’slifeisfrequentlydoneforfinancialreasons,butinBritain,atleastamongthemiddleclassIknow,wehavedifferentmotivationsfordoingso.Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereencouragedtokeepjuggling,downshiftingisnotsomuchasearchforamythical(虛無(wú)的)goodlife—growingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturningintoone—asapersonalrecognitionofyourlimitations.4.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1?A.Thewriterdidn’ttakeprideinheroriginaljob.B.Full-timeemploymentisanewinternationaltrend.C.Thewriterwaseagertospendmoretimewithherfamily.D.Thewriterwasforcedtoresignduetoanexternalfactor.5.Whatdoweknowaboutdownshiftingaccordingtothetext?A.Thewriterabandonedherhighsocialstatusfordownshifting.B.Downshiftingallowedthewritertomakeherdreamcometrue.C.Thewriterchangedherwayofthinkingthroughdownshifting.D.ThewriteracceptedtheconceptofShemagazinebecauseofdownshifting.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“jugglingyourlife”inparagraph3mean?A.Settlingforabitofeverything.B.Choosingtoliveasimplelife.C.Adoptingabusyandstressfullifestyle.D.Stayingawayfromamaterialisticwayoflife.7.Whatdoesthewriterintendtotellus?A.Itisnevertoolatetopursueyourdream.B.Downshiftingresultsinamoresatisfactoryandsimplerlife.C.ThereisadifferencebetweentheAmericanandBritishcultures.D.Peopleshouldadoptdownshiftingtosearchformythicalexperiences.【答案】4.D5.C6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要講解并描述了作者變更了原來(lái)繁忙，有壓力的生活方式，實(shí)行了“降速”的方式，意識(shí)到了“降速”有很多好處，同時(shí)，生活也變得簡(jiǎn)潔和令人滿足?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段中“Ihadtoleavemyrelativelyhigh-profilepositionforanunexpectedmovethathurtmyprideandpreventedmefromgettingpromoted.(我不得不離開(kāi)我相對(duì)高調(diào)的職位，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)意想不到的舉動(dòng)，損害了我的自尊心，并阻擋我得到晉升。)”可推知，由于外部因素，作者被迫辭職。故選D。【5題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段“Curiously,afteraroundtwoandahalfyears,myexperienceinwhatAmericansrefertoas“downshifting”hasturnedmyexcuseintoanabsolutereality.IhavebeentransformedfromapassionateadvocateofLindaKelsey’s“haveitall”concept,whichshehasbeenpromotingforthepastsevenyearsinthepagesofShemagazine,intoawomanwhoiscontenttoacceptalittlebitofeverything.(驚異的是，在大約兩年半之后，我在美國(guó)人所說(shuō)的“減速”中的閱歷使我的借口變成了確定的現(xiàn)實(shí)。我已經(jīng)從琳達(dá)?凱爾西(LindaKelsey)“擁有一切”理念的熱忱提倡者(她在過(guò)去七年里始終在《她》雜志上宣揚(yáng)這一理念)，變成了一個(gè)滿足于接受一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)全部事情的女人。)”可知，通過(guò)“downshifting”，作者已經(jīng)從“擁有一切”理念的熱忱提倡者變成了一個(gè)滿足于接受一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)全部事情的女人，由此可推知，通過(guò)“downshifting”作者的思索方式發(fā)生了變更，故選C。【6題詳解】詞句揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)下文“NothingcouldconvincemetogobacktothelifestyleKelseyusedtopromoteandwhichIhadpreviouslyenjoyed:12-hourworkdays,tightdeadlines,theterrifyingpressureofofficepolitics,andthedemandofbeingaparenton“qualitytime”.(沒(méi)有什么能夠勸服我回到凱爾西曾經(jīng)提倡的生活方式，也就是我以前寵愛(ài)的生活方式：12小時(shí)的工作時(shí)間，緊迫的截止日期，辦公室政治的可怕壓力，以及作為家長(zhǎng)對(duì)“高質(zhì)量時(shí)間”的要求。)”可知，作者以前的生活方式是繁忙的，有壓力的，結(jié)合畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)所在句子“Ihavediscoveredthatabandoningtheideaof“jugglingyourlife”andadoptingthealternativestrategyof“downshifting”hasbenefitsthatgofarbeyondfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.(我發(fā)覺(jué)，放棄“jugglingyourlife”的想法，實(shí)行“降速”的替代策略，其好處遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了經(jīng)濟(jì)勝利和社會(huì)地位。)”可推知，作者以前的生活是繁忙，有壓力的，如今作者放棄了原來(lái)的生活方式，轉(zhuǎn)而“降速”，感到很好，由此可推知，畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)jugglingyourlife指的是作者以前那種繁忙，有壓力的生活方式，故選C?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中“Ihavediscoveredthatabandoningtheideaof“jugglingyourlife”andadoptingthealternativestrategyof“downshifting”hasbenefitsthatgofarbeyondfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.(我發(fā)覺(jué)，放棄“繁忙有壓力的生活”的想法，實(shí)行“降速”的替代策略，其好處遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了經(jīng)濟(jì)勝利和社會(huì)地位。)”和最終一段中“Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereencouragedtokeepjuggling,downshiftingisnotsomuchasearchforamythical(虛無(wú)的)goodlife—growingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturningintoone—asapersonalrecognitionofyourlimitations.(對(duì)于我們這一代被激勵(lì)接著應(yīng)付的女性來(lái)說(shuō)，降低工作速度與其說(shuō)是為了追求神話般的奇異生活——自己種植有機(jī)蔬菜，并冒著變成有機(jī)蔬菜的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)——不如說(shuō)是為了個(gè)人相識(shí)到自己的局限性。)”可推知，文章主要講解并描述了作者變更了原來(lái)繁忙，有壓力的生活方式，實(shí)行了“降速”的方式，感到很多好處，生活也變得簡(jiǎn)潔。由此可推知，作者的寫(xiě)作目的是告知我們“降速”會(huì)帶來(lái)更令人滿足和更簡(jiǎn)潔的生活。故選B。CAworkdayfilledwithastringofmentallydemandingtaskscanleaveyoufeelingburnedout.Afterlonghoursofmentallytrackingonethoughtafteranother,you'reprobablymorelikelytochoosearelaxingeveningofstreamingTVshowsthantotackleatoughtaskonyourto-dolistortomaketimeforacreativepursuit.Forsometime,researchershavesuspectedthatlongperiodsofmentaleffortleadtoashortageofglucose(葡萄糖),akeyresourcethatsuppliestheenergy-hungrybrain.Experimentsintheearly2000ssupportedthisconcept—reportingthatpeopleexperiencedareductioninbloodglucoseafteramentallydemandingtaskandthatconsumingasugarydrinkcouldmakegoodsense.Butsubsequentworkfailedtoreproducethosefindings.Actually,theenergycostassociatedwiththinkingcanbenegligible.Oneanalysissuggeststhatoverworkedbrainsusemuchlessthanone-tenthofasmallTicTaccandy'sworthofglucose.AteamofscientistsledbyAntoniusWiehlerofPitie-SalpetriereUniversityHospital,lookedatthingsfromadifferentangle.Toproducementaltiredness,agroupofparticipantswereaskedtoperformoversixhoursofvarioustasksthatinvolvedthinking.Halfwereassignedeasythingstodoandhalfhardones.Duringtheexperiment,thescientistsusedatechniquetomeasurethechangesofchemicalsinthebrain.Theyfoundthatpeoplewhohadtakenonthehardertaskhadhigherconcentrationsofglutamate(谷氨酸)intheLPFC(anareainvolvedinmentalprocessessuchasdecision-making)thanthosewhohadperformedtheeasierone.Throughouttheexperiment,participantswereaskedtomakedecisionsthatcouldrevealtheirmentaltiredness.Participantswhowereassignedthemorechallengingtaskweremorelikelytochooselow-costandlittle-effortoptions,especiallytowardstheendofthesixhours.So,istheresomewayaroundthislimitationofourbrain'sabilitytothinkhard?“Notreally,I'mafraid,”saidPessiglione,Wiehler'scolleague.“Iwouldremindyouthattirednessisindeedasignalindicatingyouneedtostopworkingtopreservetheeffectivenessofbrainfunctioning.Thereisgoodevidencethatthebalanceofglutamateisrestoredafteranight'ssleep."8.Whatdidresearchersfindthroughexperimentsintheearly2000s?A.Bloodglucoseinfluencesthebrain'sperformance.B.Humanbrainsusemuchofthebody'sglucose.C.Humanscangainenoughenergyfromdailydiets.D.Bloodglucoselevelsfallfastwithouremotionalchanges.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“negligible”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive. B.Insignificant. C.Immeasurable. D.Complicated10.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheteam'sresearch?A.Thinkinghardconsumesalotofglutamate.B.Mentaltirednessleadstopeople'sfalsesenseoftime.C.Single-mindedpeoplearelikelytomakewisedecisions.D.Thebuildupofglutamateupsetsbrainfunctioning.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Whydoesthinkinghardwearyouout?B.Whydopeopletendtomakeato-dolist?C.Howdoesyouremotionaffectyourproductivity?D.Howdovariedleisureactivitiespromoteyoursleep?【答案】8.B9.B10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了在閱歷了大腦上要求很高的任務(wù)后，人們會(huì)感到更加力倦神疲，從而會(huì)更情愿選擇輕松的活動(dòng)。8題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段“Experimentsintheearly2000ssupportedthisconcept—reportingthatpeopleexperiencedareductioninbloodglucoseafteramentallydemandingtaskandthatconsumingasugarydrinkcouldmakegoodsense.(早在21世紀(jì)的探討就支持了這一概念——報(bào)告稱(chēng)，人們?cè)谕瓿梢豁?xiàng)大腦高需求的活動(dòng)后，血糖會(huì)下降，喝含糖的飲料有確定的作用。)”可知，人們?cè)谶\(yùn)用大腦的時(shí)候，血糖會(huì)下降，故人類(lèi)大腦會(huì)消耗身體內(nèi)的血糖，故選B?！?題詳解】詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)文章劃線詞negligible后的內(nèi)容“Oneanalysissuggeststhatoverworkedbrainsusemuchlessthanone-tenthofasmallTicTaccandy'sworthofglucose.(一項(xiàng)分析表明，過(guò)度工作的大腦消耗的葡萄糖遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不足一小塊TicTac糖果的特殊之一。)”可推知，過(guò)度工作的大腦消耗的葡萄糖很低，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不足一小塊糖果的特殊之一，故此處的劃線詞negligible與B項(xiàng)“Insignificant(微乎其微的)”意思相近，故選B?！?0題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第四段“Theyfoundthatpeoplewhohadtakenonthehardertaskhadhigherconcentrationsofglutamate(谷氨酸)intheLPFC(anareainvolvedinmentalprocessessuchasdecision-making)thanthosewhohadperformedtheeasierone.(他們發(fā)覺(jué)，那些擔(dān)當(dāng)更艱難任務(wù)的人的谷氨酸濃度比那些擔(dān)當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)潔任務(wù)的人更高。)”以及最終一段“Iwouldremindyouthattirednessisindeedasignalindicatingyouneedtostopworkingtopreservetheeffectivenessofbrainfunctioning.Thereisgoodevidencethatthebalanceofglutamateisrestoredafteranight'ssleep.(我想提示你的是，乏累的確是一種信號(hào)，提示你為了保證大腦運(yùn)行的有效性，你須要停止工作。有證據(jù)表明，谷氨酸的平衡在一夜的睡眠后會(huì)得到復(fù)原。)”可知，探討發(fā)覺(jué)，擔(dān)當(dāng)更艱難任務(wù)的人的谷氨酸濃度更高，但谷氨酸的濃度須要在休息后達(dá)到平衡才能保證大腦運(yùn)行的有效性，故可推知，谷氨酸的聚集會(huì)擾亂大腦運(yùn)行，故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章第一段“Aworkdayfilledwithastringofmentallydemandingtaskscanleaveyoufeelingburnedout.Afterlonghoursofmentallytrackingonethoughtafteranother,you'reprobablymorelikelytochoosearelaxingeveningofstreamingTVshowsthantotackleatoughtaskonyourto-dolistortomaketimeforacreativepursuit.(在一個(gè)滿是大腦運(yùn)行要求很高的任務(wù)的工作日后，你可能會(huì)感到精疲力竭。在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的大腦運(yùn)行的一個(gè)又一個(gè)想法后，你可以更想要選擇一個(gè)輕松的電視劇之夜，而不是去處理待辦事項(xiàng)清單上的艱難任務(wù)或騰出時(shí)間來(lái)進(jìn)行創(chuàng)建性的追求。)”以及后文的探討介紹可知，本文主要介紹了文章主要介紹了在閱歷了大腦上要求很高的任務(wù)后，人們會(huì)感到更加力倦神疲，從而會(huì)更情愿選擇輕松的活動(dòng)，并用后文的探討說(shuō)明白緣由，故A項(xiàng)“為什么細(xì)致思索會(huì)讓你感到乏累？”符合文章標(biāo)題，故選A。DScienceisaprocessthatbuildsuponexistingtheoriesandknowledgebycontinuouslyrevisingthem.Everyaspectofscientificknowledgecanbequestioned,includingthegeneralrulesofthinkingthatappeartobemostcertain.Sowhyissciencetrustworthyifitisalwayschanging?IftomorrowwewillnolongerseetheworldasNewtonorEinsteinfoundittobe,whyshouldwetakeseriouslytoday’sscientificdescriptionoftheworld?Theanswerissimpler.Becauseatanygivenmomentofourhistory,thisdescriptionoftheworldisthebestwehave.Thefactthatitcanbemadebettercan’tweakenthefactthatitisausefulinstrumentforunderstandingtheworld.Considerafolkhealer’smedicine.Canwesaythistreatmentis“scientific”?Yes,ifitisproventobeeffective,evenifwehavenoideawhyitworks.Infact,quiteafewcommonmedicationsusedtodayhavetheirorigininfolktreatments,andwearestillnotsurehowtheywork.Thisdoesnotimplythatfolktreatmentsaregenerallyeffective.Tothecontrary,manyofthemarenot.Whatdistinguishesscientificmedieineisthereadinesstoseriouslytestatreatmentandtobereadytochangeourmindsifsomethingisshownnottowork.Aresearchdoctorinamodernhospitalmustbereadytochangehistheoryifamoreeffectivewayofunderstandingillness,ortreatingit,becomesavailable.Whatmakesmodernscienceuniquelypowerfulisitsrefusaltobelievethatitalreadypossessesultimatetruth.Thereliabilityofscienceisbasednotoncertaintybutonacompleteabsenceofcertainty.AsJohnStuartMillwrotein“OnLiberty”in1859,“Thebeliefswhichwehavemostwarrant(依據(jù))for,havenosafeguardtoreston,butastandinginvitationtothewholeworldtoprovethemunfounded.”12.Whydoestheauthorraisethetwoquestionsinparagraph1?A.Toaddsomefun. B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Toexpressdoubts. D.Toprovidebackground.13.Whatcanwelearnabouttoday’sscientificdescriptionoftheworld?A.Itcanbetimeless. B.Itisoflittlevalue.C.Itcanbeimproved D.Itisthebestatanymoment.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsfolktreatment?A.Indifferent. B.Pessimistic. C.Objective. D.Sympathetic.15.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph4?A.Itisunwisetobelieveinscience. B.Toomuchuncertaintyliesinscience.C.Thefoundationofscienceisunfounded. D.Thelackofcertaintymakessciencereliable.【答案】12.B13.C14.C15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇爭(zhēng)論文。文章主要論述了科學(xué)是一個(gè)不斷修正現(xiàn)有理論和學(xué)問(wèn)的過(guò)程?！?2題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第一段“Sowhyissciencetrustworthyifitisalwayschanging?IftomorrowwewillnolongerseetheworldasNewtonorEinsteinfoundittobe,whyshouldwetakeseriouslytoday’sscientificdescriptionoftheworld?(那么，假如科學(xué)總是在變更，那為什么科學(xué)是值得信任的呢？假如明天我們看到的世界不再像牛頓和愛(ài)因斯坦發(fā)覺(jué)的那樣，那么我們?yōu)槭裁催€要細(xì)致對(duì)待今日對(duì)世界的科學(xué)描述呢？)”及下文對(duì)于科學(xué)描述的論述可推知，文章第一段提出這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題是為了引出話題——科學(xué)是一個(gè)不斷修正現(xiàn)有理論和學(xué)問(wèn)的過(guò)程。故選B。【13題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段“Theanswerissimpler.Becauseatanygivenmomentofourhistory,thisdescriptionoftheworldisthebestwehave.Thefactthatitcanbemadebettercan’tweakenthefactthatitisausefulinstrumentforunderstandingtheworld.(回答很簡(jiǎn)潔。因?yàn)樵谖覀儦v史的任何時(shí)刻，我們擁有的對(duì)世界的描述都是最好的。它可以變得更好這一事實(shí)并不能減弱它是理解世界的有用的工具之一。)”可知，盡管我們?cè)跉v史的任何時(shí)候，對(duì)于世界的描述都是最好的，但對(duì)世界的描述可以變得更好，故當(dāng)今對(duì)于世界的描述是可以改進(jìn)的，故選C。【14題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第三段“Infact,quiteafewcommonmedicationsusedtodayhavetheirorigininfolktreatments,andwearestillnotsurehowtheywork.Thisdoesnotimplythatfolktreatmentsaregenerallyeffective.Tothecontrary,manyofthemarenot.(事實(shí)上，今日運(yùn)用的很多常用藥物起源于民間治療，我們照舊不確定它們是如何起作用的。但這并不意味著民間療法通常是有效的。相反，很多民間療法并非如此。)”可推知，作者既說(shuō)明白明間療法現(xiàn)在照舊起作用，又提到了其不足，故作者對(duì)民間治療起客觀看法，故選C。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章第四段“Whatmakesmodernscienceuniquelypowerfulisitsrefusaltobelievethatitalreadypossessesultimatetruth.Thereliabilityofscienceisbasednotoncertaintybutonacompleteabsenceofcertainty.(現(xiàn)在科學(xué)之所以具有獨(dú)特的力氣，是因?yàn)樗芙^信任自己已經(jīng)駕馭了終極真理?？茖W(xué)的牢靠性不是建立在確定的基礎(chǔ)上，而是建立在完全不確定的基礎(chǔ)上。)”可知，第四段主要論述了科學(xué)的牢靠性源自缺乏確定性，即缺乏確定性使科學(xué)變得牢靠。故選D。其次節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下列短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。In2024,GothamGreensopenedits9,300-square-metreBaltimorefarmontheformersiteofBethlehemSteel,whichwasthelargeststeel-manufacturingplantintheworld.___16___Itaimedtorepurposeunusedrooftopspacesandabandonedfactoriesforfoodproduction.Urbanpopulationsareprojectedtoincreaseby2.5billionby2050.___17___Butdespitetheriseincity-basedfarms,there’sstillalotwedon’tknowaboutthem,includingtheeconomicandenvironmentalcosts.FlorianPayen,anenvironmentalscientist,andhiscolleagueslookedatpreviousstudiesdonein53countrieswherecropsweregrownindifferenturbanenvironments,including“grey”spacessuchasrooftops,andbyusingdifferentgrowingmethods.Theyfoundthatyields(產(chǎn)量)ofurbancropswereoftenthesameasthosefromconventionalfarms.Justasimportantly,theyrevealedthemostcommonly-growntypesofcropsandthemosteffectivegrowingmethods.___18___It’sknownthatthebenefitofurbanfarmingisareductioninfoodmiles.___19___Inonestudy,researchersanalyzedthecarbonfootprintofdifferentvegetablesgrowningreenhousesinCanadaandthatoftheimportingvegetablesfromtheUSA.“Theyfoundthatitwaslesscarbon-intensivetoimportthecropsbecauseofthehighenergyinputrequiredtogrowthemlocallyingreenhouses,”saysPayen.___20___Urbanagriculturehasthepotentialtoenhancelocalecosystems,attractingpollinators(傳粉媒介)suchasbeesandbirdsthatboosturbanbiodiversitywhileprovidingmoregreenspacestohelpkeepcitiescoolandcountertheurbanheatislandeffect.A.Butthereareotherbenefits.B.Urbanagriculturecanhelpfeedourgrowingcities.C.It’swellworthinvestinginrooftopgardensorgreenhouses.D.Thefarmwasoneofthefarmsthecompanyhadsetupincities.E.Urbanagricultureinanygivencitycantakelotsofdifferentforms.F.However,urban-growncropsaren’tamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyoption.G.Surprisingly,theyfoundlittledifferenceinoverallyieldsbetweenindoorandoutdoorspaces.【答案】16.D17.B18.G19.F20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了城市農(nóng)場(chǎng)的建立和其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)?！?6題詳解】依據(jù)空前“In2024,GothamGreensopenedits9,300-square-metreBaltimorefarmontheformersiteofBethlehemSteel,whichwasthelargeststeel-manufacturingplantintheworld.(2024年，GothamGreens在之前的伯利恒鋼鐵公司舊址上開(kāi)設(shè)了一個(gè)9300平方米的巴爾的摩農(nóng)場(chǎng)，伯利恒鋼鐵公司是干脆上最大的鋼鐵制造廠。)”和空后“Itaimedtorepurposeunusedrooftopspacesandabandonedfactoriesforfoodproduction.(它旨在將未運(yùn)用的屋頂空間和廢棄的工廠重新用于食品生產(chǎn)。)”可知，空前提到了新開(kāi)設(shè)的巴爾的摩農(nóng)場(chǎng)，后文介紹了它的目的，故D項(xiàng)“這個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)是這個(gè)公司在城市建立的農(nóng)場(chǎng)之一?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，空后的It指代D項(xiàng)中的“Thefarm”，D項(xiàng)中的“Thefarm”又指代空前的“Baltimorefarm”，故選D項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】依據(jù)空前“Urbanpopulationsareprojectedtoincreaseby2.5billionby2050.(預(yù)料到2050年，城市人口將增加到25億。)”和空后“Butdespitetheriseincity-basedfarms,there’sstillalotwedon’tknowaboutthem,includingtheeconomicandenvironmentalcosts.(但是盡管城市農(nóng)場(chǎng)的數(shù)量有所增加，但我們對(duì)它們?nèi)杂泻芏嗖涣私獾牡胤?，包括?jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境成本。)”可知，空前提到城市人口的增加，空后有提到了城市農(nóng)場(chǎng)數(shù)量的增加，故B項(xiàng)“城市農(nóng)業(yè)可以幫助養(yǎng)活我們不斷發(fā)展的城市。”符合語(yǔ)境，城市人口會(huì)增加到25億，那么城市農(nóng)業(yè)可以對(duì)其有所幫助，但我們照舊對(duì)城市農(nóng)業(yè)不夠了解，故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】依據(jù)空前“Theyfoundthatyields(產(chǎn)量)ofurbancropswereoftenthesameasthosefromconventionalfarms.Justasimportantly,theyrevealedthemostcommonly-growntypesofcropsandthemosteffectivegrowingmethods.(他們發(fā)覺(jué)，城市農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量通常與傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)場(chǎng)相同。同樣重要的是，他們揭示了最常見(jiàn)的作物類(lèi)型和最有效的種植方法。)”可知，空前提到環(huán)境學(xué)家們探討的結(jié)果發(fā)覺(jué)，城市農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量與傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)作物相同，故G項(xiàng)“令人驚異的是，他們發(fā)覺(jué)室內(nèi)的和市外的總產(chǎn)量幾乎沒(méi)有差異?！狈项}意，也是科學(xué)家們的發(fā)覺(jué)，承接上文。故選G項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】依據(jù)空前“It’sknownthatthebenefitofurbanfarmingisareductioninfoodmiles.(眾所周知，城市農(nóng)業(yè)的好處是食物里程的削減。)”和空后“Inonestudy,researchersanalyzedthecarbonfootprintofdifferentvegetablesgrowningreenhousesinCanadaandthatoftheimportingvegetablesfromtheUSA.“Theyfoundthatitwaslesscarbon-intensivetoimportthecropsbecauseofthehighenergyinputrequiredtogrowthemlocallyingreenhouses,”saysPayen.(在一項(xiàng)探討中，探討者分析了種植在加拿大溫室中的不同蔬菜以及美國(guó)進(jìn)口蔬菜的碳蹤跡。Payen說(shuō)道：“他們發(fā)覺(jué)，進(jìn)口這些農(nóng)作物的碳密集度較低，因?yàn)樵诋?dāng)?shù)販厥曳N植的這些作物須要高能量的投入?！?”可知，空前提到了城市農(nóng)業(yè)的好處，空后又說(shuō)明白其須要高能量的投入，故F項(xiàng)“然而，城市種植的農(nóng)作物并不是一個(gè)更環(huán)保的選擇?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，與空前轉(zhuǎn)折，引出后文的須要更高能量的投入，故選F項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】依據(jù)空后“Urbanagriculturehasthepotentialtoenhancelocalecosystems,attractingpollinators(傳粉媒介)suchasbeesandbirdsthatboosturbanbiodiversitywhileprovidingmoregreenspacestohelpkeepcitiescoolandcountertheurbanheatislandeffect.(城市農(nóng)業(yè)有潛力改善生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，吸引傳粉昆蟲(chóng)，比如說(shuō)蜜蜂和鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)，它們促進(jìn)了城市生物的多樣性，同時(shí)供應(yīng)了更多的綠地，幫助城市保持涼快，對(duì)抗城市熱島效應(yīng)。)”可知，空后提到了城市農(nóng)業(yè)帶來(lái)的各個(gè)方面的好處，故A項(xiàng)“但是，也有著其他好處?！狈?，放在句首，作為本段的主題句，且可以承接上段末尾提到的城市農(nóng)場(chǎng)的弊端。故選A項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共三節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Recently,amanwhothinkshimselfwisecomplainedtomeabouthisbadluck.Heinterviewedanarchitectforhisproject,butheintendedhertoofferaplanrightawayandhethoughtshe___21___himtoomuch.Afterwards,hewastotallystuckinthecostproblembecausehe___22___tofindanothernicearchitectatalowerprice.Wasthisapoorchoiceorjustbadluck?Ifweplayoutthesamesituation100times—whereaman___23___theselectionofanarchitect,andfocusesonpickingthecheapestandimmediately___24___projectplan—howmanytimesdoyouthinkitrunsina___25___way?Notonce.Onewaytovisualizetheman’s___26___isthroughthegameofbilliards(臺(tái)球).Wefocusonmakingthefirstshotinsteadofconsideringhowwe___27___theballforthenextshot.Whenwegototakethenextshot,thedifficulty___28___.Lifeisfullofsuchexamples.We___29___the$500-an-hourlawyerwithyearsofrelevantexperienceandchoosethe$200-an-hourlawyer.Unavoidably,wefindourselvespayingforthe____30____soonerorlater.Wedothesamewhenitcomesto____31____.Often,wechoosethe“cheaper”alternatives____32____werealizeourmistakes.Asthesayinggoes,buyniceorbuytwice.Thecurr