美國(guó)能源效率分析報(bào)告-培訓(xùn)課件外文版2024.5風(fēng)電光伏儲(chǔ)能

DIGITAL

&

TRENDSEnergyefficiencyintheU.S.CHAPTER

01EnergysectorTotalprimaryenergyconsumptionintheUnitedStatesfrom1995to2022(inquadrillionBritishthermalunits)PrimaryenergyconsumptionintheU.S.1995-20221201008060402001995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

20223Description:TheUnitedStatesconsumedapproximately100.4quadrillionBritishthermalunitsofprimaryenergyin2022.Thiswasanincreaseincomparisontothepreviousyear,androughlyonequadrillionBritishthermalunitslowerthantheamountconsumedin2018,thepeakyear.Primaryenergyreferstoenergyharvesteddirectlyfromnaturalresourcesandincludesbothfossilfuelsandrenewablesources.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1995to2022Source(s):EIAPrimaryenergyconsumptionintheUnitedStatesin2021and2022,byenergysource(inquadrillionBritishthermalunits)PrimaryenergyconsumptionbysourceintheU.S.2021-2022ConsumptioninquadrillionBritishthermalunits20221520210510202530354035.8535.24Petroleum*Naturalgas**Coal33.4131.699.8510.558.058.13NuclearelectricpowerBiomass4.934.853.85Wind3.352.322.23HydroelectricconventionalSolar1.871.520.210.21Geothermal4Description:PetroleumistheprimarysourceofenergyintheUnitedStates,withaconsumptionof35.85quadrillionBritishthermalunitsin2022.Closelyfollowing,theU.S.had33.41quadrillionBritishthermalunitsofenergyderivedfromnaturalgas.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2021to2022;*Petroleumproductssupplied,includingnaturalgasplantliquidsandcrudeoilburnedasfuel.Doesnotincludebiofuelsthathavebeenblendedwithpetroleum-biofuelsareincludedinbiomass**Natural[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):EIARenewableenergyconsumptionintheUnitedStatesfrom2005to2022,bysector(intrillionBritishthermalunits)U.S.renewableenergyconsumption2022,bysectorIndustrialTransportationResidentialCommercial6,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,00002005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120225Description:TheindustrialsectoristheleadingconsumerofrenewableenergyacrosstheUnitedStates,withaconsumptionof2,318trillionBritishthermalunitsin2022.Bycomparison,theU.S.residentialsectorconsumed974trillionBritishthermalunitsofrenewableenergythatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2005to2022Source(s):EIALeadingstatesinenergyconsumptionpercapitaintheUnitedStatesin2021(inmillionBritishthermalunits)EnergyconsumptionpercapitaintheU.S.2021,bystateConsumptionpercapitainmillionBritishthermalunits300

400

500

60001002007008009001,000LouisianaAlaska925.4931.9NorthDakotaWyomingIowa904.9869.9490.1485.8477.8457.7457.3TexasWestVirginiaSouthDakotaNebraskaOklahomaUnitedStates413.8294.66Description:LouisianahadthehighestpercapitaenergyconsumptionofanystateintheUnitedStatesin2021.Thatyear,residentsofthestateconsumed925.4millionBritishthermalunitsofenergy.ThiswasmorethanthreetimestheU.S.average,whichstoodat294.6millionBritishthermalunits.Louisiana'shighenergyconsumptioncomesfromtheenergy-intensivechemicals,petroleum,andnaturalgasindustrieslocatedthere.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2021Source(s):EIANumberofemployeesatutilitiesintheUnitedStatesin2022,byenergysourceU.S.electricutilityemployment2022,byenergytechnologyNumberofemployees30,000010,00020,00040,00050,00060,00070,000Naturalgas*63,693Nuclear40,605Coal26,415Hydropower**18,639Solar10,1738,609WindBioenergy2,0471,539CombinedHeatandPowerOil406Other4,8017Description:In2022,almost177,000peopleworkedforutilitiesintheelectricpowergenerationsectorintheUnitedStates.Around64,000oftheseemployeesworkedinpowergenerationfromnaturalgassources.Nuclear-poweredelectricutilitiesemployedsome41,000employeesthatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2022;Figuresarefortheelectricpowergenerationsector.;*Figuresincludebothconventionalandadvancednaturalgas.**Figuresincludetraditionalhydropoweraswellaslow-impacthydropowerfacilities.

ReadmoreSource(s):USDepartmentofEnergyCarbondioxideemissionsfromtheenergysectorintheUnitedStatesfrom2022to2050,byend-usesector(inmillionmetrictons)Energy-relatedcarbondioxideemissionsintheU.S.2022-2050,byend-useResidentialsectorCommercialsectorIndustrialsectorTransportationsectorElectricpower2,0001,8001,6001,4001,2001,00080060040020002022

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

2028

2029

2030

2031

2032

2033

2034

2035

2036

2037

2038

2039

2040

2041

2042

2043

2044

2045

2046

2047

2048

2049

20508Description:By2050,energy-relatedcarbondioxideemissionsintheUnitedStatesareprojectedtohavedeclinedacrossallsectors,incomparisonto2022levels.Residentialemissions–forinstance–areforecasttodropbyroughly38percentovertheupcomingdecades.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2022;FiguresareprojectionsSource(s):EIACHAPTER

02EnergyefficiencyExpendituresonelectricenergyandnaturalgasenergyefficiencyprogramsintheUnitedStatesfrom2006to2021(inmillionU.S.dollars)ElectricandnaturalgasenergyefficiencyprogramspendingintheU.S.2006-2021ElectricityprogramsNaturalgasprograms98765432101.51.31.41.41.31.51.71.41.11.110.93.90.83.16.86.66.66.36.36.160.62.65.950.32.24.74.80.31.6200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202110Description:In2021,theUnitedStatesspentapproximately7.7millionU.S.dollarsonenergyefficiencyprojects.Almost80percentoftheexpenditurewasinelectricityprograms.Intheperiodunderconsideration,electricenergyprogramsaccountedforthelargestshareofannualenergyefficiencyspendinginthecountry.EnergyefficiencyexpenditureintheU.S.peakedin2019at8.3millionU.S.dollars.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2006to2021Source(s):ACEEE;Varioussources(Nadel,Kubo,andGeller2000;YorkandKushler2002,2005;Eldridgeetal.2007,2008,2009;CEE2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018;Gilleoetal.2015b;Bergetal.2016,2017,2018,2019,2020;Berg,Cooper,and[...]ExpendituresonelectricenergyefficiencyintheUnitedStatesin2021,byselectstate(inmillionU.S.dollars)U.S.spendingonelectricityefficiencyprogramsbykeystate2021SpendinginmillionU.S.dollars300

4000100200500600700800CaliforniaMassachusetts^NewYork^*Illinois744.9661.3595.7408.7Michigan371Maryland250.8Washington**NewJerseyConnecticut^***Texas203.6197194.8180.211Description:IntheUnitedStatesin2021,approximately745millionU.S.dollarswerespentonelectricenergyefficiencyprogramsinCalifornia.InNewYork,about597millionU.Sdollarswerespentonenergyefficiencyprogramsthatyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2021Source(s):ACEEE;EIANumberofincentivesandpoliciestopromoterenewablesandenergyefficiencyintheU.S.asofJuly2023,bytypeU.S.incentivesforenergyefficiencyandrenewables2023,bytypeNumberofincentivesandpolicies02004006008001,0001,200RebateprogramLoanprogram1,099197Grantprogram130EnergystandardsforpublicbuildingsPropertytaxincentiveBuildingenergycodeNetmetering95847971Solar/windaccesspolicySolar/windpermittingstandardsSalestaxincentiveRenewablesportfoliostandardInterconnection666256494945PACEFinancing12Description:ThenumberofincentivesandpoliciesusedintheUnitedStatestopromoteenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergywasthehighestforrebateprogramsasofMarch2020.Duringthistime,thereweresome96policiesinplaceforenergystandardsforpublicbuildingsinthecountry.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;asofJuly2023;valuesincludefinancialincentives,regulatorypolicies,andtechnicalresources.Source(s):NCCleanEnergy(DSIRE);USDepartmentofEnergyLeadingU.S.statesbasedonnumberofincentivesandpoliciesforrenewablesandenergyefficiencyasofMarch2023U.S.incentivesforenergyefficiencyandrenewablesbystate2023Numberofincentivesandpolicies020406080100120140160180CaliforniaMinnesotaTexas160136115ColoradoNewYork1019998OregonWashingtonMassachusettsFlorida83777574MarylandNorthCarolinaMissouriPennsylvania65646213Description:ThisstatisticdisplaystheleadingU.S.states,basedonthenumberofincentivesandpoliciesusedbythestatetopromoteenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyasofMarch2023.Duringthistime,Minnesotawasrankedsecondwith136incentivesandpolicies.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;asofMarch2023Source(s):NCCleanEnergy(DSIRE);USDepartmentofEnergyLeadingU.S.statesbasedonenergyefficiencyprogramscore2022EnergyefficiencyscoreofmajorU.S.states2022Totalscore05101520253035404550CaliforniaMassachusettsNewYork4744.539Vermont36.535.535MaineDistrictofColumbiaRhodeIslandMaryland3333ConnecticutMinnesota32.53214Description:In2022,CalifornialeadtheStateScorecardrankingwithafinalscoreof47pointsoutof50.Scoreswerebasedonvariousdifferentcategoriesincludingutilityandpublicbenefitsprograms,transportationpolicies,buildingenergyefficiencypolicies,industrialpolicies,stategovernmentinitiatives,andapplianceefficiencystandards.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2022Source(s):ACEEEElectricefficiencysavingsintheU.S.from2008to2021(interawatt-hours)U.S.electricefficiencysavings2008-202125020015010050237232221211198183169155140126113107938502008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202115/statistics/214975/projected-electric-efficiency-savings-in-the-usTheUnitedStatessavedapproximately237terawatt-hoursofelectricityin2021throughenergyefficiencyanddemandresponseprogramslikeloadcontrolandprice-responsivedemand.Thisfigureamountedtoonly85terawatt-hoursin2008.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2008to2021Source(s):EdisonFoundationAvoidedcarbondioxideemissionsfromenergyefficiencyintheelectricpowerindustryintheUnitedStatesfrom2008to2021(inmillionmetrictons)CO?emissionsavoidedduetoelectricefficiency2008-20211801681641561601401201008014914713611910797897875665860402002008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202116Description:Energyefficiencyprogramsavoidedthegenerationof168millionmetrictonsofcarbondioxide(MtCO?)intheUnitedStateselectricpowerindustryin2021.EnergyefficiencyprogramsintheU.S.haveavoidedmorethanoneGtCO?since2015.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2008to2021;*Figureshavebeencompiledfrommultiplereports.Forthepurposesofthisfactsheet,theelectricpowerindustryincludesinvestor-ownedelectriccompanies,publicpowerutilities,electriccooperatives,and[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):EdisonFoundationCHAPTER

03EmploymentfiguresNumberofemployeesintheenergyefficiencysectorintheUnitedStatesfrom2016to2022(inmillions)EnergyefficiencyemploymentintheUnitedStates2016-20222.52.382.352.252.22.22.22.12.01.51.00.50.0201620172018201920202021202218Description:In2022,theenergyefficiencysectorintheUnitedStatesemployedover2.2millionworkers.Thehighestfigureoftheperiodwasin2019,whenroughly2.4peopleintheU.S.wereemployedinthissector.Theconstructionindustryaccountedforthelargestshareofenergyefficiencyemployeesinthecountrythatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2016to2022Source(s):USDepartmentofEnergyNumberofemployeesinenergyefficiencyintheUnitedStatesin2022,byindustrialsectorEnergyefficiencyemploymentintheUnitedStates2022,byindustryNumberofemployees400,000

600,0000200,000800,0001,000,0001,200,0001,400,000ConstructionProfessionalandbusinessservicesManufacturing1,193,136486,043302,318Wholesaletrade193,631Otherservices40,30319Description:In2022,theconstructionsectoremployedover1.19millionpeopleforenergyefficiencyintheUnitedStates.Thisfigureaccountedforover50percentofthetotalnumberofemployeesintheenergyefficiencysectorinthecountry,whichamountedto2.2millionsin2022.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2022Source(s):USDepartmentofEnergyNumberofemployeesintheenergyefficiencyindustryintheUnitedStatesin2022,bysegmentEnergyefficiencyindustryemploymentintheUnitedStates2022,bysegmentNumberofemployees100,000

200,0000300,000400,000500,000600,000564,498TradtionalHVACENERGYSTARappliances,products,andservicesAdvancedandrecycledbuildingmaterialsLED,CFL,andotherefficientlightingRenewableheatingandcooling561,565414,707351,423122,481Other200,75920Description:With564,498employees,thetraditionalheating,ventilation,andairconditioningsegment(HVAC)accountedforthehighestemploymentfiguresintheenergyefficiencyindustryintheUnitedStates2022.Closelyfollowing,ENERGYSTARappliances,products,andservicesemployed561,565peoplethatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2022Source(s):USDepartmentofEnergyNumberofjobsintheenergyefficiencyindustryintheUnitedStatesin2021,byselectstateU.S.energyefficiencyemploymentbyselectstate2021Numberofjobs150,000050,000100,000200,000250,000300,000289,788350,000CaliforniaTexas158,882NewYorkFlorida123,921114,079Illinois82,592MassachusettsNorthCarolinaOhio79,17378,01874,96674,62473,119MichiganVirginia21Description:CaliforniahadthemostenergyefficiencyjobsintheUnitedStatesin2021,with289,788employees.Texasrankedsecond,andNewYorkrankedthird,with158,882and123,921employeesintheenergyefficiencyindustry.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2021Source(s):USDepartmentofEnergyNumberofjobsintheEnergyStarandefficientlightingindustryin2021,byselectstateU.S.EnergyStarandefficientlightingemploymentbyselectstate2021Numberofjobs30,000010,00020,00040,00050,00060,00070,00065,276CaliforniaTexas55,261NewYorkNorthCarolinaFlorida36,30336,23830,748WisconsinVirginia21,82818,940Ohio14,94114,47614,197WashingtonPennsylvania22Description:InCalifornia,65,276peoplewereemployedbytheEnergyStarprogramandtheefficientlightingindustriesin2021.CaliforniahasthemostemployeesintheU.S.energyefficiencysector.Inthesameyear,over168,000peoplewereemployedintheintheHVACandrenewableheatingandcoolingindustry.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2021Source(s):USDepartmentofEnergyCHAPTER

04BuildingsectorRevenueofthebuildingefficiencymarketintheUnitedStatesfrom2011to2022(inbillionU.S.dollars)BuildingefficiencyindustryrevenueintheU.S.2011-2022120100111.45102.8697.7693.0985.1577.5380604020036.71201120172018201920202021202224Description:In2022,thebuildingefficiencymarketintheUnitedStatesgeneratedapproximately111.5billionU.S.dollarsinrevenue,anincreaseof8.3percentwhencomparedtothepreviousyear.BuildingindustryisthelargestsinglesegmentintheadvancedenergymarketintheU.S.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2011to2022Source(s):AdvancedEnergyEconomy;GuidehouseRevenueofthebuildingefficiencymarketintheUnitedStatesin2022,bysegment(inmillionU.S.dollars)BuildingefficiencyindustryrevenueintheU.S.2022,bysegmentRevenueinmillionU.S.dollars10,000

15,000

20,00005,00025,00030,00035,00040,000LightingBuildingenvelope35,08523,729HVAC22,229Buildingdesign11,501Demandresponse&enablingITAppliancesandelectronicequipmentWaterheating6,4935,7065,333DistrictenergyandCCHP1,37625Description:In2022,thebuildingefficiency'slightingsegmentwasestimatedtohavegeneratedaround35.1billionU.S.dollarsofrevenueintheUnitedStates.Overall,theadvancedbuildingefficiencyindustryintheU.S.generatedrevenueof111.4billiondollarsthatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2022Source(s):AdvancedEnergyEconomy;GuidehouseRevenueofthebuildingefficiencydesignmarketintheUnitedStatesfrom2011to2022(inmillionU.S.dollars)BuildingefficiencydesignrevenueintheU.S.2011-202214,00012,00011,50110,3219,92910,0009,2258,0598,0006,0004,0002,00007,2963,861201120172018201920202021202226Description:ThebuildingefficiencymarketintheUnitedStateshassteadilygrownoverthelastdecade.In2022,thebuildingdesignsegmentoftheenergyefficiencysectorhadamarketrevenueofaround11.5billionU.S.dollars,upfromsome10.3billionU.S.dollarsinthepreviousyear.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2011to2022Source(s):AdvancedEnergyEconomy;GuidehouseDistributionofthelargestREITsbygreenbuildingcertificationtypeintheUnitedStatesin2022GreenbuildingcertificationsusedbythelargestREITsintheU.S.202270%63%60%50%40%30%30%20%10%0%22%4%LEEDEnergyStarBREEAMFitwell27Description:TheLEEDcertificationwasthemostpopularamongthepropertieswithintheportfoliosofrealestateinvestmenttrusts(REITs)intheUnitedStatesin2022.Approximately63percentoftheREITssurveyedusedtheLEEDsystemtocertifytheirbuildings.LEEDstandsforLeadershipinEnergyandEnvironmentalDesignandprovidesaframeworkfordifferentaspectsofabuilding'ssustainability,includingenergy,material,andwatersustainability.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2022;69respondents;publicREITswhichparticipatedintheGRESBRealEstateAssessment*;*53oftheREITssurveyedwereinthetop100REITsbymarketcap.

ReadmoreSource(s):NareitStatecomparisonofthecumulativenumberofLEEDprojectcertificationsintheUnitedStatesasofOctober2022LEEDprojectcertificationsinthe50U.S.statesasof2022Cumulative

LEED

certificationsCumulative

LEED

certifications

per

million

residentsCalifornia(CA)Texas(TX)718128622618205220201804152915121500148214811453137818397NewYork(NY)Florida(FL)13294Illinois(IL)1592092192257194126114235237Virginia(VA)Massachusetts(MA)DistrictofColumbia(DC)Washington(WA)Ohio(OH)Pennsylvania(PA)Maryland(MD)Colorado(CO)28Description:ThenumberofLEEDcertificationsinCaliforniawerealmostthreetimeshigherthaninTexas,thenextstateintheranking.Thismightnotbesurprisingforsome,astheGoldenStateisalsothemostpopulousU.S.state.Nevertheless,somedifferencesarestillobserved:Florida,forinstance,hasmoreresidentsthanNewYorkbutlessLEEDcertifications.Meanwhile,theDistrictofColumbiawastheU.S.territorywiththehighestnumberofcertificat