新教材2024版高中英語課時(shí)作業(yè)2Unit1ScienceandScientistsSectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage新人教版選擇性必修第二冊(cè)

課時(shí)作業(yè)(二)UNIT1SectionⅡLearningAboutLanguageeq\a\vs4\al(層級(jí)一)課時(shí)跟蹤檢測(cè)維度1單句語法填空1．Youaresayingthateveryonehasalreadyhadequalrights,andthisis________Idisagree.2．Heisnotthebestcandidatefortheposition.Sotheproblemis________wecangettoreplacehim.3．Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeis________shecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.4．Thequestiondiscussedatthemeetingwas________itwasworthtrying.5．I'mabitsleepy,andit's________Iwasupallnight.6．Wemissedtheearlybus.Thatis________wewerelatelasttime.7．Hissuggestionisthatanothermeeting________(hold)todiscusstheproblem.8．Theimpressionhemakesonmeis________heisareliableperson.9．Thereasonwhyhewasfiredwas________hewassuspectedofstealingthecomputerofhiscompany.10．Thegoodnewsis________it'ssimpletolearnandcanbeworththeeffort.11．Thetruthis________weareluckyenoughtohavecleanwaterwheneverwewant.12．Thequestionis________Ishouldgotothecinemawithhim,orgoshoppingwithher.維度2語法與寫作1．那就是為什么我認(rèn)為沿長(zhǎng)江旅行會(huì)是一個(gè)更好的選擇。________________IthinkthetripalongtheYangtzeRiverwillbeabetterchoice.2．事實(shí)是他特別有資格擔(dān)當(dāng)報(bào)紙上刊登的職位。________________heisquitequalifiedforthepositionadvertisedinthenewspaper.3．好像世界末日到了。________________theworldwereatanend.4．我特別興奮。這是因?yàn)槲以谏现苋諏?shí)行的演講競(jìng)賽中獲得了一等獎(jiǎng)。Iamwildwithjoy.________________IhavewonthefirstprizeinthespeechcompetitionheldlastSunday.5．我的建議是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)為了疼惜環(huán)境過低碳生活。________________________alow-carbonlifetoprotecttheenvironment.6．問題照舊是父母是否能夠給他們的孩子樹立好的榜樣。________________________parentscansetagoodexampletotheirchildren.維度3語段翻譯好消息是我們學(xué)校要去露營。由于最近的糟糕天氣，問題是我們什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身。學(xué)生們關(guān)切的是我們?nèi)ツ睦锫稜I。那是因?yàn)槲覀兿肴ヒ粋€(gè)風(fēng)景漂亮的地方。我的建議是我們?nèi)ヅ赃叺膷{谷。緣由是交通特別便利。最吸引人的是那里有很多名勝。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________維度4語法填空[2024·山東省青島地區(qū)高二上期中]Iwasoneofthepeople1.________camefromallpartsofChinatoworkontheQinghai-TibetRailway.Itisarecordofallofourefforts2.________(complete)themostdifficultengineeringchallenges.Howtoprotectthedelicateecosystemwasamongthetopconcerns.TheQingshuiheBridgeistheworld'slongestbridge3.________(build)overpermafrost.Topreventdamagetowetlandsandgrasslands,675bridgeswithatotal4.________(long)ofabout160kilometreswerebuiltbetweenGolmudandLhasa.Weevenmoved140，000squaremetresofwetlandto5.________newareainordertoprotectitsdistinctecosystem.Locatedatover5，000metresabovesealevel,TanggulaStationisthe6.________(high)railwaystationintheworld.Tomakesurewerailwayworkersstayedhealthy,severaloxygen-makingstations7.________(construct).Wewerealsoabletoenjoyregularbreaksinlowerareas.Usingthousandsandthousandsofsandbags,webuiltatwenty-kilometrewallalongCuonaLaketoprotectit8.________constructionwaste.TheQinghai-TibetPlateau9.________(attract)people'sadmirationforcenturies.Now,thankstoourefforts,passengersfromalloverthecountryhavebeenenjoyingthesemagicallandscapes.It10.________(true)isanextraordinary“SkyRailway”．eq\a\vs4\al(層級(jí)二)主題閱讀訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.閱讀理解A[2024·山東省濱州市高二上期中]FrederickBantinghatedschool.HavinggrownuponafarmnearAlliston,Ontario,Fredwasagoodworkerbutfeltuncomfortableandunacceptedinatownschool.Aftergraduation,hebeganstudiestobecomeaminister.Whenthatdidnotgowell,hechangedhisgoaltomedicine.WorldWarIarrived,andthegreatneedforfieldmedics(救援人員)resultedintheearlygraduationofFred.Afterthewar,theyoungCanadiandoctorreturnedhometosetuphispractice.Justthenhebegantofocusonarticlesondiabetes(糖尿病),adiseasethathadclaimedthelifeofaneighbour'schild.Tosolvetheproblemofthisdisease,FredapproachedDr.J.J.R.MacleodattheUniversityofTorontoandeventuallyconvincedDr.Macleodtosupporthim.In1920,FredhappilyenteredapoorlyequippedlaboratoryandwasgivenayoungassistantnamedCharlesBest.FredandCharlesworkeddayandnight,butearlyresultsinproducingthehormone(激素)preparationtheycalledinsulin(胰島素)werediscouraging.Manyoftheanimalstheytreateddied.Finallyoneanimalsurvivedforseveralweeks.Theteamappearedtobefinallygettingsomewhere,anditwastimetomoveontohumansubjects.Beforetreatinghumanpatients,however,FredandCharlestestedthesafetyoftheirinsulineachother.Theirtestswereatriumph．Thefirstpatienttobetreatedwasafourteen-year-oldboynamedLeonard.Theyearwas1921.Thepoorboyweighedonlyseventy-fivepounds,andhewasbarelyalive.ButthenewinsulintreatmentadministeredbyFredandCharleswasagreatsuccess.Leonardgainedweight,andhishealthdramaticallyimproved.In1923,theNobelPrizeinmedicinewasawardedjointlytoCanadiandoctorsFrederickBantingandJ.J.R.Macleod.Fredcouldhavemadehimselfamillionairewithhisdiscovery.Instead,hesoldhispatentfortheproductionofinsulintotheUniversityofTorontoforonedollar—sothatthedrugcouldbemarketedcheaplyandthousandsoflivescouldbesavedandimproved.ThankstoFred,diabeticsareabletolivenormalliveswherebeforeitwasimpossible.1．WhatdoesparagraphIfocuson?A．WhyFredgraduatedearly.B．HowFredtookuptheresearch.C．WhyFredchangedhislifegoal.D．WhatFredexperiencedinthewar.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“triumph”meaninParagraph2?A．Victory.B．Reference.C．Challenge.D．Demonstration.3．WhydidFredsellhispatent?A．Tomakemoney.B．Toearnreputation.C．Tobenefitpatients.D．Topromoteinsulin.4．Whichofthefollowingisprobablythebesttitleforthetext?A．ASuccessfulTestB．AFamousDoctorC．AnUnlikelyHeroD．AGreatDiscoveryB[2024·遼寧省高二上檢測(cè)]ThreescientistswhostudiedhowcellssenseandadapttooxygenlevelshavebeenawardedtheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine.WilliamG.Kaelin,Jr.oftheDana-FarberCancerInstituteandHarvardUniversity,SirPeterJ.RatcliffeofOxfordUniversityandtheFrancisCrickInstitute,andGreggL.SemenzaofJohnsHopkinsUniversitywerejointlyawardedtheprize.“Themeaningfuldiscoveriesbythisyear'sNobelwinnersshowedlife'smostadaptiveprocesses，”RandallJohnson,amemberoftheNobelAssemblyatSweden'sKarolinskaInstitutesaid.“Thethreephysiciansfoundthemolecularswitch(分子開關(guān))thatregulateshowourcellsadaptwhenoxygenlevelsdrop.”“Cellsandtissuesareconstantlyexperiencingchangesinoxygenavailability，”Johnsonsaid.“Asanembryo(胚胎)growsanddevelops,andasmuscleswork,theoxygenavailablechangesasthetissuesthemselveschange.Cellsneedawaytoadjusttotheamountofoxygentheyhave,whilestilldoingtheirimportantjobs.”Thecommitteesaidthatthediscoveriesarevitalforphysiologyandcouldexploitnewstrategiestofightanemia,cancerandmanyotherdiseases.KaelinwasborninNewYorkandreceivedanM.D.fromDukeUniversity.HedidhisspecialisttrainingininternalmedicineandoncologyatJohnsHopkins,Baltimore,andattheDana-FarberCancerInstitute,Boston.RatcliffewasborninLancashire,theUnitedKingdom,andstudiedmedicineatGonvilleandCaiusCollegeatCambridgeUniversityanddidhisspecialisttraininginnephrologyatOxford.HeisthedirectorofclinicalresearchattheFrancisCrickInstituteinLondonandamemberoftheLudwigInstituteforCancerResearch.SemenzawasborninNewYork.HeobtainedaB.A.inbiologyfromHarvardandhisM.D.fromtheUniversityofPennsylvania.HedidhisspecialisttraininginpediatricsatDukeUniversity.HeisthedirectoroftheVascularResearchProgramattheJohnsHopkinsInstituteforCellEngineering.5．Whatcanweknowaboutthethreescientists?A．Theystudieddifferentfields.B．Theysharedoneprize.C．Theyresearchedheartdisease.D．Theyfoundthefunctionofembryos.6．WhatdidJohnsonthinkofthediscoveries?A．Important.B．Meaningless.C．Interesting.D．Disappointing.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exploit”inParagraph4mean?A．Develop.B．Handle.C．Stress.D．Follow.8．Whatdothelastthreeparagraphsmainlytalkabout?A．Thethreescientists'achievements.B．Theinfluenceofthediscoveries.C．Theexamplesetbythethreescientists.D．Theintroductionofthethreescientists.Ⅱ.七選五[2024·山東省青島市高二上期中]Lifecanbechallengingforteens.Theymustdealwithschoolwork,familylifeandfriendsatthesametimetofit.Feelingsofsadness,frustrationandirritabilityarecommon.__1__Theirnegativefeelingsdon'tcomeandgo.Instead,thoseintensefeelingscanpointtoadiseasecalleddepression—onethatmayrequiretreatment.It'seasytothinkthatdepressedpeoplesimplyfeelsadorhopeless.Formanyteensthatmaybetrue.__2__Somekidswithdrawfromfriendsandfamily.Othersrespondwithangryoutbursts.Someteensmayskipschoolorstopeatingorsleeping.Teachers,parentsorevenateen'sclosefriendsmayfindithardtotellwhetherthesebehaviorsarejustpartofbeingateensorsignsofsomethingtrulyserious.Evendepressedteensmaynotrealizetheyhavethisproblem.__3__MorethanthreemillionAmericansbetweentheagesof12and17experienceddepressionin2024.However,astudybyresearchersatHarvardandYaleuniversitiesfoundthathalfofallteenswithdepressiondon'tgethelpuntiltheybecomeadults.Andonlyoneinthreewillhavebeendiagnosedbytheirdoctor.__4__“Icanonlyworkwithwhatyougiveme，”Deesays,themental-healthprofessionalinLincoln,Neb.Deesays,peersshouldalsoseekforsignsofdepression.Keepaneyeonyourfriends,sherecommends.Watchforsymptomsofisolation(孤立)orhopelessness.__5__Anyofthesebehaviorscouldbeasymptomofdepression.Overall,knowingwhoandhowtohelpisessentialforsuccessfullytreatingdepressioninteens.A.Theproblemisthatdepressioninteenscanbehardtospot.B．Somemayturntotheirfriendstogetridofalcoholordrugs.C.Evenskippingclassescanbeasignthatsomethingseriousisgoingon.D．Andtheshareofthoseaffectedishigh.E．Butforsometeens,thoseemotionstakeamoreextremeturn.F．Thereisalinkbetweenmentalillnessandsuicideinteens.G．Teensshouldbehonestwiththeiranswers.Ⅲ.完形填空[2024·福建省八縣(市)一中高二上期末]Itwasadarknight.Thick,dark,graycloudshadmadesurethattherewasnostarlightormoonlightto__1__measIwalkedoutonmyporch.Still,IkepttheporchlightoffbecauseIdidn'twanttobe__2__bybugsandmothsonthis__3__summerevening.Istoodthereforawhilelettingmyeyesadjusttothelackof__4__.Itwasthen,though,thatIsawthem.Firstoneblinkoflightatthefarendofthemeadowfollowedbyanotherandthenanother.I__5__.Irecognizedthematonceasmyfirefly(螢火蟲)__6__，mylightningbugbuddieswhoalways__7__thistimeoftheyear.WhenIwaslittleIusedtositinthegrassandwatchthem__8__flyaroundblinkingonandoff.Inever__9__andputoneinajarassomekidsdidbecauseIneverwantedtohurtthesemessengersoflight.Theirtimeonthisearthwasso__10__asitwas.Itriedtoenjoythemeachnighttheywerehere.Italways__11__mewhentheydisappearedinthefallanditalwaysmademyheart__12__whentheyreappearedthenextsummer.Weareliketheminalotofways.Our__13__hereonearthisbrief.Oftenourlightandlovearemorelikeonandoffblinksratherthana__14__shine.Still,wedoourbesttoshareitandtake__15__inknowingthatotherswillbeshiningtheirlightlongafterwearegone.1．A.shine B．greetC．please D．guide2．A.frightened B．a(chǎn)ccompaniedC．surrounded D．troubled3．A.sticky B．duskC．dark D．warm4．A.heat B．waterC．light D．a(chǎn)ir5．A.frowned B．criedC．smiled D．sighed6．A.lovers B．friendsC．partners D．mates7．A.wentout B．gaveoutC．settleddown D．showedup8．A.fearfully B．cautiouslyC．nervously D．slowly9．A.saw B．hitC．caught D．got10．A.hard B．terribleC．useful D．brief11．A.depressed B．surprisedC．confused D．excited12．A.beat B．singC．move D．tremble13．A.hope B．memoryC．mind D．life14．A.beautiful B．steadyC．bright D．clear15．A.pride B．comfortC．a(chǎn)ction D．interest課時(shí)作業(yè)(二)層級(jí)一課時(shí)跟蹤檢測(cè)維度11．where2.who/whom3.that4.whether5.because6.why7.(should)beheld8.that9.that10.that11．that12.whether維度21．That'swhy2.Thefactisthat3.Itseemsasif4.Thisisbecause5.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)live6.Itremainsaquestionwhether維度3Thegoodnewsisthatourschoolwillgocamping.Duetobadweatherrecently,theproblemiswhenwewillsetoff.Students'concerniswherewewillcamp.That'sbecausewewanttogotoaplacewithbeautifulscenery.Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgotothevalleynearby.Thereasonisthatthetrafficisconvenient.What'sthemostattractiveisthattherearemanyfamousplacesofinterest.維度4【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章講解并描述了作者在參加修建青藏鐵路時(shí)，為了疼惜當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)，工程隊(duì)做了很多的努力。1．答案與解析：who/that句意：我是從中國各地來到青藏鐵路工作的人員之一。分析可知，“________camefromallpartsofChinatoworkontheQinghai-TibetRailway”在句中為定語從句，先行詞為people，在從句中作主語，所以用關(guān)系代詞who/that，故填who/that。2．答案與解析：tocomplete句意：它是我們完成最困難工程挑戰(zhàn)的全部努力的記錄。分析可知，空處及之后的內(nèi)容為定語，修飾名詞efforts,efforttodosth.，故填tocomplete。3．答案與解析：built句意：清水河大橋是世界上最長(zhǎng)的跨越永久凍土的橋梁。分析可知，“________(build)overpermafrost”在句中為定語，修飾名詞bridge，動(dòng)詞build與名詞bridge為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故填built。4．答案與解析：length句意：為了防止?jié)竦睾筒菰艿狡茐?，在格爾木和拉薩之間修建了675座橋梁，總長(zhǎng)約160公里。形容詞修飾名詞，空前total為形容詞，所以此處用名詞length，作with的賓語，故填length。5．答案與解析：a句意：為了疼惜其獨(dú)特的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，我們甚至將14萬平方米的濕地遷移到一個(gè)新的地區(qū)。area“地區(qū)，區(qū)域”為可數(shù)名詞，此處運(yùn)用了單數(shù)，所以空處用不定冠詞a，表示把濕地移到了一個(gè)新的地區(qū)，故填a。6．答案與解析：highest句意：位于海拔5000多米處，唐古拉車站是世界上(海拔)最高的火車站。結(jié)合空后的“intheworld”，可知，此處指在世界范圍內(nèi)，同時(shí)結(jié)合空前的定冠詞the，所以此處用最高級(jí)highest。7．答案與解析：wereconstructed句意：為了保證我們鐵路工人的健康，建立了幾個(gè)制氧站?？仗幵诰渲袨橹^語，結(jié)合前文的“stayed”可知，空處的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)；另主語severaloxygen-makingstations和動(dòng)詞construct為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以空處用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，且主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)。故填wereconstructed。8．答案與解析：from/against句意：我們利用成千上萬的沙袋，沿著錯(cuò)那湖建立了一道20公里長(zhǎng)的圍墻，以疼惜它不受建筑垃圾的污染。短語：protect...from/against...“疼惜……免遭……”，所以空處填介詞from/against。9．答案與解析：hasbeenattracting/hasattracted句意：青藏高原幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來始終吸引著人們的目光。結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語“forcenturies”可知，空處的動(dòng)作可以表示動(dòng)作從過去發(fā)生始終持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還將接著持續(xù)或者表示截止到現(xiàn)在的一個(gè)結(jié)果，所以空處的時(shí)態(tài)可以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)或者現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。主語“TheQinghai-TibetPlateau”為單數(shù)含義，故填hasbeenattracting/hasattracted。10．答案與解析：truly句意：它的確是一條非同尋常的“天空鐵路”?？仗幵诰渲袨闋钫Z，故填truly。層級(jí)二主題閱讀訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.閱讀理解A【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。主要講解并描述了無名英雄Fred在一戰(zhàn)后投身于糖尿病探討，在Macleod博士的支持下研制出胰島素，并在1923年獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。本可以成為百萬富翁，但最終Fred以一美元的價(jià)格賣掉了該專利，希望能讓更多的病人得到救治。1．答案與解析：B主旨大意題。第一段“Aftergraduation,hebeganstudiestobecomeaminister...,adiseasethathadclaimedthelifeofaneighbour'schild.”以時(shí)間依次講解并描述了Fred畢業(yè)后的一系列發(fā)展：從學(xué)習(xí)成為牧師到戰(zhàn)地醫(yī)生再到最終起先探討糖尿病。所以第一段重點(diǎn)是Fred是如何起先從事這項(xiàng)(糖尿病)探討的。2．答案與解析：A詞義揣測(cè)題。其次段“Theirtestswereatriumph．”中的Theirtests指代Fred和Charles在他們自己身上做的胰島素試驗(yàn)。依據(jù)前一句“Beforetreatinghumanpatients,however,FredandCharlestestedthesafetyoftheirinsulineachother.”可知，在真正治療人類病人之前，他們首先要在自己身上做試驗(yàn)查看效果。再依據(jù)第三段“ButthenewinsulintreatmentadministeredbyFredandCharleswasagreatsuccess.Leonardgainedweight,andhishealthdramaticallyimproved.”可知他們治療的第一個(gè)病人取得勝利，由此推想出，F(xiàn)red和Charles在自己身上的試驗(yàn)勝利之后，他們才會(huì)真正去治療人類病人且取得勝利。故畫線部分triumph是“勝利”的含義。3．答案與解析：C微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段“Instead,hesoldhispatentfortheproductionofinsulintotheUniversityofToronto—foronedollar—sothatthedrugcouldbemarketedcheaplyandthousandsoflivescouldbesavedandimproved.”可知Fred賣出專利的緣由是想讓更多的病人得到救治，所以C選項(xiàng)“讓病人受益”符合題意。4．答案與解析：C主旨大意題。文章主要講解并描述了無名英雄Fred在戰(zhàn)后投身于糖尿病探討，在Macleod博士的支持下研制出胰島素，并在1923年獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。本可以成為百萬富翁，但最終Fred以一美元的價(jià)格賣掉了該專利希望能讓更多的病人得到救治，所以C選項(xiàng)“一位難以置信的英雄”可以作為文章標(biāo)題。B【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。主要介紹了獲得諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的三位科學(xué)家。5．答案與解析：B微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)首段首句“ThreescientistswhostudiedhowcellssenseandadapttooxygenlevelshavebeenawardedtheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine.”可知，三位科學(xué)家共享了諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。6．答案與解析：A推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段首句“‘Themeaningfuldiscoveriesbythisyear'sNobelwinnersshowedlife'smostadaptiveprocesses，’RandallJohnson”可知，他認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)發(fā)覺是重要的，故選A項(xiàng)。7．答案與解析：A詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)第四段“Thecommitteesaidthatthediscoveriesarevitalforphysiologyandcouldexploitnewstrategiestofightanemia,cancerandmanyotherdiseases.”可知，此處表示“產(chǎn)生新的方法”之意，develop“開發(fā)”符合，故選A項(xiàng)。8．答案與解析：D主旨大意題?？v觀最終三段可知，主要介紹了三位科學(xué)家的誕生地、求學(xué)和工作等相關(guān)信息，故選D項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.七選五【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。主要介紹了青少年患抑郁癥的現(xiàn)象。青少年患抑郁癥的狀況越來越嚴(yán)峻。但是，問題在于發(fā)覺抑郁癥很難，甚至連青少年本人都沒有意識(shí)到自己的問題。專家提出家長(zhǎng)、老師、同齡人和青少年本人都要關(guān)注青少年抑郁的問題。1．答案與解析：E前文“Feelingsofsadness,frustrationandirritabilityarecommon.”強(qiáng)調(diào)負(fù)面心情是普遍的，后文“Theirnegativefeelingsdon'tcomeandgo.Instead,thoseintensefeelingscanpointtoadiseasecalleddepression—onethatmayrequiretreatment.”強(qiáng)調(diào)這些負(fù)面心情會(huì)導(dǎo)致抑郁癥，前后語義呈轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以E選項(xiàng)符合題意，后文中提到的“depression”是消極心情極端化的體現(xiàn)。2．答案與解析：A依據(jù)后文“Teachers,parentsorevenateen'sclosefriendsmayfindithardtotellwhetherthesebehaviorsarejustpartofbeingateensorsignsofsomethingtrulyserious.”可知，身邊的人很難推斷出某些行為原委是不是抑郁癥的癥狀，所以A選項(xiàng)中的“hardtospot”呼應(yīng)后文的“hardtotell”。3．答案與解析：D后文“MorethanthreemillionAmericansbetweentheagesof12and17experienceddepressionin2024.”用詳細(xì)的數(shù)字來表明患有抑郁癥的人數(shù)特別多，所以D選項(xiàng)符合語境，先強(qiáng)調(diào)比例高，再用詳細(xì)的數(shù)字進(jìn)一步說明。4．答案與解析：G依據(jù)后文精神健康專家Dee說的話“Icanonlyworkwithwhatyougiveme”可知，G選項(xiàng)符合題意，只有青少年懇切回答問題，專家才能有針對(duì)性的去解決問題。5．答案與解析：C依據(jù)前文“Deesays,peersshouldalsoseekfor