2021-2022學年重慶市第一中學高一年級上學期開學考試英語試題

答案第=page11頁，共=sectionpages22頁重慶市第一中學2021-2022學年高一年級上學期入學考試英語試題一、閱讀理解ItmayseemhardtoleaveSydney’sattractionsandsights,butwhentheurgearisestoexplorebeyondthecity,manyexceptionaldaytripsawaittravelers.ScenicWorldOnavisittotheWorldheritage-listedBlueMountains,enjoycleanfreshairandbreath-takinglandscapesofancientrainforests.ScenicWorldinKatoombaisthebestwaytoaccessthebeautyofthisregion.Besidesclimbing,youcanchoosecablecars,elevatedboardwalksortheScenicRailway—theworld’ssteepesttraintravellingthrougharocktunnel,toreachthemountaintop.RoyalNationalParkEstablishedin1879,theRoyalistheworld’ssecond-oldestnationalpark.Locatedanhour’sdrivesouthofSydney,thebeachesareunspoilt,crowd-freeandgreatforsurfingorswimming.There’sdramaticsceneryalongthewaywitharangeofuniqueheritageattractions.Bushwalking,boating,canoeingandfishingarealsopopularactivities.FeatherdaleWildlifeParkLocated45minuteswestofSydney,Featherdalehastheworld’slargestcollectionofAustraliannativebirds,mammals(哺乳動物)andreptiles(爬行動物).Situatedinabushlandenvironment,Featherdaleprovidesauniqueopportunityforup-closeanimalinteractions(交往).Hand-feedakangaroo,havebreakfastwithakoalaandcheckoutahugevarietyofspeciesincludingdingos,emus,penguinsandmore.TheHawkesburyRiverAnhournorth-westofSydney,theHawkesburyisoneofNewSouthWales’best-keptsecrets.Experiencewhatthispicturesqueregionofwaterways,farmlandandnationalparkshastooffer—fromwaterskiingandbushwalkingtohorseriding,rivercruisesandretailtherapy.1．WhatcanyoudowhenvisitingScenicWorld?A．Ridehorses.B．Hand-feedakangaroo.C．Gosurfing.D．Climbmountains.2．Ifyouareananimallover,youcangoto________.A．ScenicWorldB．RoyalNationalParkC．TheHawkesburyRiverD．FeatherdaleWildlifePark3．WhatdoRoyalNationalParkandTheHawkesburyRiverhaveincommon?A．Bothcanbereachedbycablecars.B．Visitorscangoswimmingandfishing.C．Bushwalkingisavailableonthetwotrips.D．Visitorscanenjoybeautifulmountainscenery.It’sschooltimeagain!You’reprobablyfeelingexcitedandmaybealittlesadthatsummerisover.Somekidsfeelnervousoralittlefrightenedonthefirstdayofschoolbecauseofallthenewthing:newteachers,newfriends,andevenanewschool.Luckily,these“new”worriesonlystickaroundforalittlewhile.Let’sfindoutmoreaboutgoingtoanewschool.Mostteacherskickoffthenewschoolyearbyintroducingthemselvesandtalkingaboutallthestuffyou’llbedoingthatyear.Someteachersgivestudentsachancetotellsomethingaboutthemselvestotherestoftheclass,too.Whenteachersdothetalkingonthefirstday,theyoftenreadclassroomrulesandschoolrulestoyousoyou’llknowwhat’sallowedandwhat’snot.Pleasepaycloseattention.Youmightalreadyknowalotofpeopleinyourclassonthefirstday,butit’sagreatdaytomakeanewfriend,sotrytosayhellotokidsyouknowandnewonesthatyoudon’tknow.Makethefirstmoveandyou’llbegladyoudid,andsowillyournewfriends!Seeingfriendsyouhaven’tseenforsometimecanmakethefirstdayagoodone.Youcanmakethedayfeelspecialbywearingclothesthatyoureallylike.MaybeyougotagreatT-shirtononeofyourvacations,orapairofsneakers.Italsocanmakeyoufeelgoodtobepreparedandhaveallthethingsyouneed,suchaspencils,folders,andwhateverelseyou’llneed.Butmakesurethatyoupackthemthenightbeforeincaseyoudon’thavetimeinthemorning.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“kickoff”inthesecondparagraphprobablymean?A．Start. B．Study. C．Find. D．Teach.5．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellusabout?A．Whattoknowaboutanewschool.B．Howtowellprepareforanewschool.C．Whattowearonyourfirstdayofschool.D．Howtospendyourdaysofschool.6．WhatwillyouNOTusuallydointhefollowingthingsonthefirstdayofschoolaccordingtothepassage?A．Introduceyourself.B．Learnabouttheschoolrules.C．Makenewfriends.D．Gooveryournewlessons.7．Ifyouhappentoseeanoldfriendonthefirstdayofschool,howwillyoufeelfromthepassageweknow?A．Nervous. B．Sad. C．Excited. D．Worried.Althoughonionstastedelicious,wateringeyescomewiththeprocesswhenyoucutthemup.Thankfully,GoodHousekeepinghassuggestedsometipstopreventyourselffromcryingwhiletryingtocutupanonion．AccordingtothefindingsfromtheInstitute,puttingonionsinafridge30minutesbeforecuttingcanpreventtheannoyinghurt,asthecoldstopstear-jerking(催淚的)gasfrombeingproduced.Anotherwaytoreducethegasreleasedbytheonionistoputitinwaterforawhile.GoodHousekeepingrecommends:“Cuttheendofftheonionandthenputitstraightintoabowlofwater.Thewaterwilldrawouttheacidmakingyoutearuplesswhenyoucutit.”Whenanoniongrows,itmixeswithsulfur(硫)inthesoiltocreateaspecialmineralacid.Whentheonioniscutintopieces,itreactsandcreatesagas.Asitreachesyourface,thisannoyinggascausestheeyestoproducetears．Therootiswherethegasesaremostconcentrated,soitisrecommendedthatthispartoftheonionbeleftonasyoucutittoavoiduncomfortableeyes.Dothisbycuttingthevegetableinhalfdownthemiddletocreateaflatsurface.Then,placetheonionwithitsflatsurfacedownandcutittowardstheroot．Also,toreducethegas’seffectonyoureyes,cutitnexttoawindowornearafansothegasisblownawayfromyourface.Andtakecaretouseasharpknife;thiswillmakeiteasiertomovethroughthevegetable,causingfewercellstobebrokenandlessgastobereleasedasaresult．8．Refrigeratingtheonionbeforecuttingcan．A．changeitstasteB．makeiteasiertocutupC．a(chǎn)voidtheappearingofthegasD．helpthegasesmixmorequickly9．Fromthefourthparagraph,whathappenswhentheonioniscutup？A．Someacidmineralislost．B．Thetearmixtureiscreated．C．Thesulfurinsideitpoursout．D．Achemicalreactionproducesagas．10．Whereisthispassagemostprobablytakenfrom？A．HealthColumn．B．ScienceJournal.C．FashionMagazine．D．FoodGuidebook．11．Themainpurposeofthetextisto．A．a(chǎn)dviseandexplainB．examineandanalyze(分析)C．a(chǎn)rgueanddiscussD．presentandcompareSmalltalkhasareputationforbeinguninteresting,andforgoodreason.Pointingoutthefactthatit’srainingseemsasridiculousaspointingoutthefactthatyouhaveahead—you’refullyawareofboththings,anddon’trequireanoutsidertoconfirmthem.Butdespitebeingevidentandoftenpainfullydull,smalltalkhasanimportantroletofulfil,enablingustoleapoveranumberofsocialobstaclestowardsimproved,meaningfulinteraction.Humanscanbesensitivesouls.Weeachhaveourboundariesandlistsofpotentialupsets,whichwhenbroken,causeustoeithergentlybackawaytoanalternativepositionintheroom,orbecomecrossattheperson.Smalltalkisfirstawaytotestthewaterswithanunfamiliarperson,sothatyoumaybetterunderstandtheirpersonality.Whenfindingyourselfpositionedcloselytoapersonwhoyouknowlittleabout,it’smuchsafertopointouttherainyskythantoshareyourpoliticalviewsonasensitivetopic.Untilyouknowthepersonbetter,heaviertopicsshouldprobablybekeptunderwraps,soyouwon’tfindyourselfonthereceivingendofacoldstare.Thoughinsignificant,smalltalkstillhasgreatpower.Whentalkingwithfellowhumans,muchofoursoulisexposedthroughnon-verbalcommunication.Aresponseto“howwasyourweekend”canunveilmuchabouttheperson’scharacter.Thelengthoftheirresponsemightindicatetheirlevelofself-confidence;thetoneofspeakingmightshowhowagreeableapersonis;theirslightlyloweredhead,asifprotectingthemselvesfromattack,apossiblesignofaregrettablehistoryofbullying.Asmoreofaperson’scharacterisrevealed,wehavetheinsightneededtodeterminewhethertobroachmoresignificanttopics—thethingsthatweactuallywanttotalkabout.Conversationisagreateducator,anddeepconversationestablishlastingbondswithourfellowhumans,formingpreciousfriendshipsthatpaintourliveswithvibrantcolors.Suchfriendshipsbeginwithsmalltalk.12．Whatisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A．Thefirststageofhumaninteraction.B．Ridiculoushumanbehaviorincommunication.C．Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.D．Thedifficultyofhavingdeepconversations.13．Whydopeoplefindthemselves“onthereceivingendofacoldstare”?A．Becausetheyarefondofheavysubjects.B．Becausetheyareenthusiasticaboutpolitics.C．Becausetheyaretoosensitiveabouttopics.D．Becausetheyfailtomanageinterpersonaldistance.14．Whatmightbeasignoffriendlinessaccordingtoparagraph3?A．Thelengthoftheanswer. B．Thequalityofthevoice.C．Thepositionofthehead. D．Thedistancebetweenspeakers.15．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ReputationofSmallTalk B．WaysofUnderstandingPersonalityC．SignificanceofSmallTalk D．ChallengesofDeepConversation二、七選五Livingwithotherstudentscanbeawonderful,fantasticexperience.Hereareafewtipsforstudentaccommodationthatcanhelpensureagreatexperienceandbuildlifelongfriendship.Screenyourroommatescarefullyifyouaregivenachoice.Combiningthelivingspaceofseveralstudentsintoonelocationcanbeexcitingandrewardingexperiencefortheoutgoingstudents.____16________17____.Somestudentsarefarlessresponsiblethantheirroommatesandtendtolettheirpartofthefinanceslide.Resentment（不滿）isquicktobuildwheneveryonehastopaythebillforafellowstudentwhocan’tseemtopayhis/hershareofthemoney.Carry-yourpartoftheload.Everyonehastocleanthebathroomandthekitchensometime.____18____.Studentaccommodationscangetmessyanditinvolveseveryonetokeepittidyandhealthy.Thinkaboutsomeoneelsebeforeyouthinkaboutyourself.____19____.Lifewillbefarenjoyablewheneveryoneisconcernedaboutthefeelings,propertyandstudiesofeachother.____20____.Hostilities（敵意）andfrustrationsmaycauseproblemsthatcan’tbefixed.Everyonebringsdifferentstandardsandexpectationstogrouplivingandit’sineveryone’sbestinteresttoputthemintotheopen.Disagreementscanbemanagedmorefriendlywhenyouarewillingtobebothopenandlistentoothers.A．Beopenandhonest.B．Dividethebillsevenly.C．Paythebillsbeforetheyaredue.D．Don’tavoidyourpartofresponsibility.E．Putyourroommates’interestsaboveyourown.F．Theywillprobablybeyourlifelongfriendsandhelpyououtsomeday.G．Ifyouareontheshysideorpreferaquietgrouptostudywith,pickquieterroommates.三、完形填空Mynephew’s10-year-oldsoncameforavisitonehotJulyweekend.Ipersuadedhimto____21____insideandjoinedhiminagame.Afterplayingforanhour,Isuggestedthatwerelaxforawhile.I____22____myfavoritechairtoletmyneckrelax.HelefttheroomandIwascatchingafewenjoyable____23____ofpeace.“Look,Alice,”hesaidexcitedlyashe____24____overtothechairwhereIwassitting.“Ifoundakite.Couldwegooutsideand____25____it?”Lookingoutofanearbywindow,Inoticeditwasstilloutside.“I’msorry.Tripper,”Isaid,sadtoseehis____26____expression.“Thewindisnotblowingtoday.Thekitewon’tfly.”The____27____10-year-oldboyreplied,“Ithinkit’swindyenough.Icangetittofly,”heanswered____28____hehurriedouttothebackdoor.Heranandforth,as____29____ashisten-year-oldlegswouldcarryhim,lookingback____30____atthekitebehind.Afterabouttenminutesofunsuccessfultrying,hecamebackin.Iasked,“Howdidit____31____?”“Fine,”hesaid,notwantingtoadmit（承認）thefailure.“Igotittoflysome.”However,Iheardhimsaysecretly,“IguessI’llhavetowaitforthe____32____.”AtthatmomentIheardanothervoicespeaktomy____33____,“Alice,sometimesyouarejustlike.Youwanttodoityourway____34____waitingforthewind.”Andthevoicewasright.Weusuallywanttouseourowneffortsto____35____whatwewanttodo.Wemustlearnhowtomakeuseof“thewind”inthefirstplace!21．A．live B．lie C．study D．stay22．A．fellinto B．jumpedoff C．cleanedup D．wentthrough23．A．times B．hours C．moments D．periods24．A．sent B．climbed C．left D．ran25．A．decorate B．fly C．hang D．drop26．A．bright B．satisfied C．dull D．unhappy27．A．determined B．talented C．clever D．generous28．A．a(chǎn)s B．unless C．a(chǎn)fter D．until29．A．hard B．easily C．a(chǎn)ctively D．gradually30．A．a(chǎn)ngrily B．hopefully C．doubtfully D．nervously31．A．make B．come C．go D．settle32．A．news B．order C．wind D．sunshine33．A．dream B．memory C．heart D．world34．A．becauseof B．insteadof C．exceptfor D．a(chǎn)sfor35．A．imagine B．a(chǎn)chieve C．quit D．decide四、用單詞的適當形式完成短文閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Manystudentsfearedmathssubject,andIwasamongthem.OnceIfailed____36____themathematics,Iwas____37____(annoy),Myfriendsstartedmakingfunofme.Iwas____38____(luck)thatmymotherwasamathsteacher.Shealwayshelpsme,butIdidn’ttakethatseriously.Whenmymother____39____(tell）thatIdidn’tpassthemathssubject,shegotshocked.But____40____（fortunate）,shedidn’tshoutatme.Instead,shegaveme____41____inspirationalspeech.Lateronshestartedteachingmemathematics.Shetaughtme____42____(play)withmathsandreallyIenjoyedalot,fromwhichmathsbecamemyfavouritesubject.NowIalsoteachthosefriendswhoreallyfearmaths.Theythinkthatmathssubjectsisverydifficultandithaslotsofformula（公式）toremember.Butmymothertaughtmemathsinan____43____(interest)way.Iusedthattechniquetosolveproblems.Fromthismy____44____(confident)hasincreasedandI’mhappythatmostdifficultsubjecthasbecomeagameforme.Becominganengineerismyambition,_____45_____maysupportmethroughhardshipsandsetbacks.五、根據(jù)中英文提示填寫單詞46．Wouldyoulikemyoldbookine______（交換）foryourpen?(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫)47．ProfessorWhitewilll______(做演講；授課)onarthistorythiscomingSaturdayafternoon.(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫)48．AlicelivesinKunmingbutshehasAmericann______（國籍）.(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫)49．F______(正式地),youneedtowearasuittoaninterview.(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫)50．Theteacherstellsomejokestoeasetheira______(焦慮).(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫)51．Itreallya______(使…生氣)mewhenIseepeoplelittereverywhere.(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫)52．Sheisf______(害怕的)ofwalkingalonehomeafterworkatnight.(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫)53．Mynewteacheri______(給……留下深刻印象)mewithhisfluentspokenEnglishwhenhefirstspokeEnglish.(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫)54．Withtheattentionlessc______(集中)onAfghanistan,theAmericangovernmentredirectedattheAsia-PacificRegion.(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫)55．Withteachers’helpandi______(提升)ofourpronunciation,wenearlycatchwhatnativespeakerssay.(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫)56．Outofc______(好奇心),Momwalkedintotheboy’sroomsecretly.(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫)57．Althoughthee______(探索)ofMountEverestisdangerous,manyscientistsstillcometovisititeveryyear.(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫)58．Moreandmoreforeignc______（公司）relocatedtheirheadquarters（總部）intoChina.(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫)六、根據(jù)首字母填寫單詞59．Seeinghereyes,heaskedhern______(焦慮地)aboutthereasons.(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫)60．Behopefulaboutyourfuture.Neverlosec______（信心）inyourself.(根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫)七、邀請信61．假定你是李華，你的美國朋友Mike在上封郵件中提及想來中國游覽,并請求讓你推薦相關旅游目的地。請給他回信，邀請他來重慶旅游，內(nèi)容包括：要點：1.重慶地理位置；2.重慶的兩個特色（景點、飲食、交通等）；3.發(fā)出邀請。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右:2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearMike,Thanksforyourlastletter_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________YoursSincerely,參考答案：1．D2．D3．C【分析】本文為應用文。文章介紹了澳大利亞遠離城市的四處旅游勝地。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句OnavisittotheWorldheritage-listedBlueMountains可知，在這里可以登山，再根據(jù)第三句Besidesclimbing,youcanchoosecablecars,elevatedboardwalksortheScenicRailway—theworld’ssteepesttraintravellingthrougharocktunnel,toreachthemountaintop.也可知是可以登山。故選D。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段Located45minuteswestofSydney,Featherdalehastheworld’slargestcollectionofAustraliannativebirds,mammals(哺乳動物)andreptiles(爬行動物).可知，在FeatherdaleWildlifePark可以看到很多澳大利亞本土的鳥，哺乳動物和爬行動物等，所以如果是動物愛好者應該來這里，故選D。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段Bushwalking,boating,canoeingandfishingarealsopopularactivities.以及最后一段Experiencewhatthispicturesqueregionofwaterways,farmlandandnationalparkshastooffer—fromwaterskiingandbushwalkingtohorseriding,rivercruisesandretailtherapy.可知，這兩處的共同之處是都可以bushwalking，故選C?！军c睛】本篇文章脈絡清晰，層次分明，學生很容易根據(jù)題干中的關鍵詞定位到文章中的相應段落，所以難度很小。但是第三小題需要仔細閱讀。根據(jù)題干中的關鍵詞RoyalNationalParkandTheHawkesburyRiverhaveincommon可以快讀定位到文章的第二和第四個景點介紹：Bushwalking,boating,canoeingandfishingarealsopopularactivities.和fromwaterskiingandbushwalkingtohorseriding,rivercruisesandretailtherapy.也很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)相同的活動有bushwalking。4．A5．B6．D7．C【分析】這是一篇說明文。本文闡述了學生到了新的學校，遇到了新的老師同學，在一個陌生的環(huán)境里，怎樣度過新學年的第一天。4．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)所猜詞后“thenewschoolyearbyintroducingthemselvesandtalkingaboutallthestuffyou’llbedoingthatyear.”(在新學年都會介紹自己，并談論你這一年要做的事情)可知，在新學年大家都不認識，互相做自我介紹，并談論這一年要做的事。由此推知，這是教師新一年工作的開始。即所猜詞與A選項“start(開始)”意思接近。故選A項。5．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Italsocanmakeyoufeelgoodtobepreparedandhaveallthethingsyouneed,suchaspencils,folders,andwhateverelseyou’llbeneeding.Butmakesurethatyoupackthemthenightbeforeincaseyoudon’thavetimeinthemorning.”(準備好所有你需要的東西，可以讓你感覺很好，比如鉛筆、文件夾和其他你需要的東西。不過，一定要在前一天晚上打包好，以防早上沒時間)”可知，最后一段主要告訴學生要開學前的一天把東西都收拾好。所以B選項“howtowellprepareforanewschool(怎樣為新學校作準備)”符合題意。故選B項。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Someteachersgivestudentsachancetotellsomethingaboutthemselvestotherestoftheclass,too.Whenteachersdothetalkingonthefirstday,theyoftengooverclassroomrulesandschoolrulessoyou’llknowwhat’sallowedandwhat’snot.”(有些老師也給學生一個機會，讓他們向全班同學講述自己的情況。當老師們在第一天做演講時，他們通常帶領同學們認真討論課堂規(guī)則和學校規(guī)則，這樣你就會知道什么是允許的，什么是不允許的）和第三段中“Youmightalreadyknowalotofpeopleinyourclassesonthefirstday,butit’sagreatdaytomakeanewfriend,sotrytosayhellotokidsyouknowandnewonesthatyoudon’t.(第一天你可能已經(jīng)認識了你班級里的很多人，但是今天是交新朋友的好日子，所以試著向你認識的孩子和你不認識的新朋友問好)”可知，在開學的第一天學生要作自我介紹、了解學校的規(guī)章制度和結交一些新朋友。因此，根據(jù)這篇文章，通常在開學第一天做A、B、C描述的事情，除了D項“gooveryournewlessons(復習你的新課)”。故選D項。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Somekidsfeelnervousoralittlefrightenedonthefirstdayofschoolbecauseofallthenewthing:newteachers,newfriends,andevenanewschool.(有些孩子在開學的第一天感到緊張或有點害怕，因為所有的新事物：新老師，新朋友，甚至新學校)”以及文章最后一段“Seeingfriendsyouhaven’tseenforsometimecanmakethefirstdayagoodone.(第一天就見到有些日子沒見過的朋友，這會使這一天成為非常棒的一天。)”可知，學生們第一天到新的環(huán)境會有些緊張或者害怕,見到老朋友就會很愉快。由此推知，如果第一天在學校里見到老朋友應該是很高興的。故選C。8．C9．D10．B11．A【分析】本文為一篇說明文。文章分析了切洋蔥時會讓人流淚的原因和解決的辦法。8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的AccordingtothefindingsfromtheInstitute,puttingonionsinafridge30minutesbeforecuttingcanpreventtheannoyinghurt,asthecoldstopstear-jerking(催淚的)gasfrombeingproduced.可知，切洋蔥前先把洋蔥冷藏，可以阻止洋蔥出現(xiàn)刺激氣味。故選C項。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Whentheonioniscutintopieces,itreactsandcreatesagas.可知，洋蔥被切碎后，會發(fā)生化學反應并產(chǎn)生氣體。故選D項。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的Thankfully,GoodHousekeepinghassuggestedsometipstopreventyourselffromcryingwhiletryingtocutupanonion.可知，值得慶幸的是，《好管家》雜志提供了一些建議，可以讓你在切洋蔥的時候不流淚。j接下來文章分析了切洋蔥時會讓人流淚的原因和解決的辦法。由此推斷，這篇文章最可能來自科學雜志。故選B項。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的Thankfully,GoodHousekeepinghassuggestedsometipstopreventyourselffromcryingwhiletryingtocutupanonion.可知，值得慶幸的是，《好管家》雜志提供了一些建議，可以讓你在切洋蔥的時候不流淚。第四段中的Whenanoniongrows,itmixeswithsulfur(硫)inthesoiltocreateaspecialmineralacid.Whentheonioniscutintopieces,itreactsandcreatesagas.可知，當洋蔥生長時，它與土壤中的硫混合，產(chǎn)生一種特殊的無機酸；當洋蔥被切成塊時，它會發(fā)生反應并產(chǎn)生氣體。由此可知，文章的主要目的是解釋了切洋蔥時會讓人流淚的原因，并提出了解決的辦法。故選A項。12．A13．D14．B15．C【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了閑聊是人類交往互動的第一步，能夠是人類跨越許多社交障礙，深入的交談能與我們與其他人建立持久的聯(lián)系，形成寶貴的友誼，使我們的生活充滿活力，友誼從閑聊開始，著重描述了閑聊的意義。12．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Butdespitebeingevidentandoftenpainfullydull,smalltalkhasanimportantroletofulfil,enablingustoleapoveranumberofsocialobstaclestowardsimproved,meaningfulinteraction.(不過，盡管閑聊往往明顯枯燥得令人痛苦，但它仍能發(fā)揮重要作用，使我們能夠跨越許多社會障礙，改善有意義的互動。)”可知，閑聊是跨越許多社會障礙，改善互動的方式，由此可知，第一段講述的是：閑聊是人類互動的第一步，故選A項。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Whenfindingyourselfpositionedcloselytoapersonwhoyouknowlittleabout,it’smuchsafertopointouttherainyskythantoshareyourpoliticalviewsonasensitivetopic.Untilyouknowthepersonbetter,heaviertopicsshouldprobablybekeptunderwraps,soyouwon’tfindyourselfonthereceivingendofacoldstare.(當你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己靠近一個你不太了解的人時，聊天氣情況要比就一個敏感話題發(fā)表你的政治觀點安全得多。在你更好地了解對方之前，較嚴肅的話題應該保密，這樣你才不會被冷眼瞪著。)”可知，如果閑聊的話題沒有控制住敏感度是不“安全的”。由此推知，如果閑聊不能控制好話題的“人際距離”將會被冷眼相待，故選D項。14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Aresponseto“howwasyourweekend”canunveilmuchabouttheperson’scharacter.Thelengthoftheirresponsemightindicatetheirlevelofself-confidence;thetoneofspeakingmightshowhowagreeableapersonis;(對“周末過得怎么樣”的回答可以揭示出這個人的很多性格特征。他們回答的長度可能表明了他們的自信程度;說話的語氣可以顯示出一個人是多么和藹可親;)”可知體現(xiàn)一個人友好、和藹的標志是說話的語氣。故選B項。15．標題判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Butdespitebeingevidentandoftenpainfullydull,smalltalkhasanimportantroletofulfil,enablingustoleapoveranumberofsocialobstaclestowardsimproved,meaningfulinteraction.(不過，盡管閑聊往往明顯枯燥得令人痛苦，但它仍能發(fā)揮重要作用，使我們能夠跨越許多社會障礙，改善有意義的互動。)”和結合最后一段“Conversation

isagreateducator,anddeepconversationestablishlastingbondswithourfellowhumans,formingpreciousfriendshipsthatpaintourliveswithvibrantcolors.Suchfriendshipsbeginwithsmalltalk.(交談是偉大的教育家，深入的交談能與我們的同胞建立持久的聯(lián)系，形成寶貴的友誼，使我們的生活充滿活力。這樣的友誼從閑聊開始。)”可知，文章主要在說明閑聊的重要性，所以C項“閑聊的意義”適合做文章的標題，故選C項。16．G17．B18．D19．E20．A【分析】本文是說明文。文章提供了一些關于學生住宿的建議。16．根據(jù)空前“Screenyourroommatescarefullyifyouaregivenachoice.Combiningthelivingspaceofseveralstudentsintoonelocationcanbeexcitingandrewardingexperiencefortheoutgoingstudents.”（如果你有選擇的機會，仔細篩選你的室友。將幾個學生的生活空間結合到一個地方對外向的學生來說是一個令人興奮和有益的體驗。）可知，這里建議根據(jù)自己的性格特點進行室友的篩選。前面說到性格外向的，后面要介紹性格內(nèi)向的如何選。G：如果你比較害羞，或者喜歡和安靜的人一起學習，那就選擇安靜的室友。符合語境。故選G。17．根據(jù)空后“Somestudentsarefarlessresponsiblethantheirroommatesandtendtolettheirpartofthefinanceslide.Resentment（不滿）isquicktobuildwheneveryonehastopaythebillforafellowstudentwhocan’tseemtopayhis/hershareofthemoney.”（一些學生遠沒有他們的室友那么負責任，他們傾向于不支付自己的那部分分攤。當每個人都要為一個似乎無法支付自己那份錢的同學買單時，不滿情緒很快就會產(chǎn)生。）可知，為了避免同宿舍的人有不滿情緒，這里建議把賬單均分，而不是替某些人分攤。B：把賬單均勻。符合語境。故選B。18．根據(jù)空前“Carry-yourpartoftheload.Everyonehastocleanthebathroomandthekitchensometime.”（承擔你的責任。每個人都必須打掃浴室和廚房。）可知，這里建議要每個人都要盡一份力保持宿舍衛(wèi)生。D：不要逃避你應盡的責任。符合語境。故選D。19．根據(jù)空前“Thinkaboutsomeoneelsebeforeyouthinkaboutyourself.”（先為別人著想，再為自己著想。）可知，我們應該多考慮別人。E：把室友的利益放在自己的利益之上。符合語境。故選E。20．根據(jù)空后“Hostilities（敵意）andfrustrationsmaycauseproblemsthatcan’tbefixed.Everyonebringsdifferentstandardsandexpectationstogrouplivingandit’sineveryone’sbestinteresttoputthemintotheopen.”（敵意和挫折可能會導致不固定的問題。每個人對集體生活都有不同的標準和期望，公開這些標準和期望對每個人都有好處。）可知，后面的open在選項中出現(xiàn)。多坦誠、傾聽就能解決很多爭端。A：開放和誠實。符合語境。故選A?！军c睛】21．D22．A23．C24．D25．B26．D27．A28．A29．A30．B31．C32．C33．C34．B35．B【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，文章講述了作者10歲的侄子在一個風平浪靜的日子里執(zhí)意要去放風箏，但不管他如何跑來跑去，風箏依舊飛不起來。無奈，他只能決定等有了風再去放風箏。由此引發(fā)作者的感悟，我們?nèi)祟愅鶗凑杖说囊庠感惺?，而不管有無“東風”，不管客觀條件是否允許。21．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我勸他呆在屋里，和他一起玩游戲。A.live生活；B.lie躺；C.study學習；D.stay呆。根據(jù)本空前的“onehot,Julyweekend.”可知，天氣很熱，作者勸他呆在屋里，故選D。22．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我倒在我最喜歡的椅子上，讓脖子放松一下。A.fellinto掉進、陷于（此處指坐在）；B.jumpedoff跳下來；C.cleanedup清理；D.wentthrough經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)本空后的“myfavoritechairtoletmyneckrelax.”及下文中的“sitting”可知，作者坐在最喜歡椅子上放松頸部，故選A。23．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他離開了房間，我捕捉到了一些令人愉快的寧靜時刻。A.times次數(shù)；B.hours小時；C.moments時刻；D.periods時期。根據(jù)本空前的“HelefttheroomandIwascatchingafewenjoyable”可知，他離開了房間，所以作者能享受片刻的寧靜，故選C。24．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“看，愛麗絲，”他一邊興奮地說，一邊跑向我坐的椅子。A.sent送；B.climbed爬；C.left離開；D.ran跑。根據(jù)本空后的“overtothechairwhereIwassitting.”可知，他跑到椅子旁，故選D。25．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們能出去放風箏嗎？A.decorate裝飾；B.fly放飛；C.hang掛；D.drop掉。他找到了一個風箏，想要出去放風箏，后文“Icangetittofly”也是提示。故選B。26．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我說，看到他不高興的表情，我心里很難過。A.bright明亮的；B.satisfied滿意的；C.dull陰暗的；D.unhappy不開心的。聽到作者說不能放風箏，他肯定是一臉不高興，故選D。27．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：10歲的男孩堅定地回答說:“我想風已經(jīng)夠大了。我能讓它飛起來，”A.determined有決心的；B.talented有天賦的；C.clever聰明的；D.generous大方的根據(jù)本空后的“Ithinkit’swindyenough.Icangetittofly”可知，他說風夠大，肯定能放起來，由此可見決心要放風箏，故選A。28．考查連接詞詞義辨析。句意：他一邊回答一邊匆匆向后門跑去。A.as在……時，一邊；B.unless除非；C.after在……之后；D.until直到。根據(jù)本空后的“hehurriedouttothebackdoor”可知，他匆匆跑向后門時說風夠大，肯定能放起來，引導時間狀語從句，表示“一邊……一邊……”應用as。故選A。29．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他來回地跑著，非常賣力，滿懷希望地回頭望著身后的風箏。A.hard努力地；B.easily容易地；C.actively活躍地；D.gradually逐漸。根據(jù)上文“Heranandforth”可知，在一個沒有風的天氣放風箏肯定是要來回使勁跑，故選A。30．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他來回地跑著，非常賣力，滿懷希望地回頭望著身后的風箏。A.angrily生氣地；B.hopefully有希望地；C.doubtfully懷疑地；D.nervously緊張地。根據(jù)“Heranandforth,asashisten-year-oldlegswouldcarryhim,”可知，侄子想要把風箏放起來，所以他滿懷希望地看著身后的風箏，故選B。31．考查固定搭配。句意：我問，怎么樣了？A.make制作；B.come來；C.go離開；D.settle解決。他進屋后，我問他“結果怎么樣？（風箏放起來了么？）”，Howdiditgo？表示“結果如何？”，故選C。32．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我想我得等起風了在去放風箏。A.news新聞；B.order命令；C.wind風；D.sunshine陽光。根據(jù)常識可知，放風箏是需要有風的，他說“我得等風來了”，故選C。33．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就在那時，我聽到另一個聲音對我的心說：“愛麗絲，有時候你就是喜歡那么做。你要按照自己的方式去做，而不是等著風。”A.dream夢想；B.memory記憶；C.heart心；D.world世界。根據(jù)本空后的“Alice,sometimesyouarejustlikethat.Youwanttodoityourway___18___waitingforthewind.”可知，那一刻我聽到一個聲音對我的心說“愛麗絲，有時候你就是那樣，你想按你自己的方式去做而不是等風吹”，故選C。34．考查介詞短語辨析。句意：就在那時，我聽到另一個聲音對我的心說：“愛麗絲，有時候你就是喜歡那么做。你要按照自己的方式去做，而不是等著風。”A.becauseof由于；B.insteadof而不是；C.exceptfor除了；D.asfor至于。根據(jù)后文“waitingforthewind”可知，你想按你自己的方式去做而不是等風。故選B。35．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們通常都想用自己的努力去實現(xiàn)我們想做的事情。A.imagine想象；B.achieve實現(xiàn)；C.quit停止；D.decide決定。根據(jù)后文“whatwewanttodo”可知，通常我們都想努力完成我們想要做的事，但我們必須首先學會如何利用風，故選B。36．in37．a(chǎn)nnoyed38．lucky39．wastold40．fortunately41．a(chǎn)n42．toplay43．interesting44．confidence45．which【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。作者數(shù)學成績不好，遭到了同學的嘲笑，但幸運的是作者的母親是一位數(shù)學老師，在母親的耐心教導下，最終作者成績提升，找到自信并樹立了遠大理想。36．考查固定搭配。句意：有一次我數(shù)學不及格，我很生氣，我的朋友開始取笑我。failin是一個固定短語，意為：在某方面失敗。故填in。37．考查形容詞。句意：有一次我數(shù)學不及格，我很生氣，我的朋友開始取笑我?？崭裉幱眯稳菰~作表語，修飾人用ed結尾的形容詞，故填annoyed。38．考查形容詞。句意：我很幸運，因為我媽媽是數(shù)學老師。空格處用形容詞作表語，表示“幸運的”，故填lucky。39．考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：當我媽媽被告知我數(shù)學不及格時，她很震驚。mother與tell之間是被動關系，根據(jù)下文的got可知此處用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填wastold。40．考查副詞。句意：但幸運的是，她沒有大聲責備我。修飾整句用副詞，根據(jù)語境可知此處表示“幸運地”。故填fortunately。41．考查冠詞。句意：相反，她給了我講了一段鼓舞人心的話。此處泛指一段話，用不定冠詞，inspirational是以元音音素開頭的單詞。故填an。42．考查固定搭配。句意：她教我以玩的形式學數(shù)學，我真的很喜歡，數(shù)學成為我最喜歡的科目。teachsb.todo.是一個固定搭配，意為：教某人做某事。故填toplay。43．考查形容詞。句意：但是我媽媽用一種有趣的方式教我數(shù)學。修飾名詞way用-ing形容詞。故填interesting。44．考查名詞。句意：從這一點上我的信心增加了，我很高興最困難的科目對我來說變成了一種游戲?？崭裉幨蔷渥拥闹髡Z，用名詞，且不可數(shù)，故填confidence。45．考查非限制性定語從句。句意：成為一名工程師是我的抱負，它可以支持我度過困難和挫折?？崭袼诘牟糠质且粋€非限制性定語從句，關系詞指代先行詞ambition并在從句中作主語，故填which。46．exchange##xchange【詳解】考查短語。句意：你想用我的舊書換你的鋼筆嗎？結合首字母及中文提示可知，短語inexchangefor“作為交換”符合句意，故填excha