2023年英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯習(xí)題復(fù)習(xí)資料(卷四)

2023年英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯習(xí)題復(fù)習(xí)資料〔卷四〕漢譯英我已經(jīng)戒掉睡前吸煙的壞習(xí)慣，再也不用聽(tīng)妻子不斷地發(fā)牢騷了。(giveup)與其他同齡人不同的是，他沉迷京劇。(setapartfrom;beaddictedto)她對(duì)他用情至深，情愿抑制任何障礙與他結(jié)婚。 (sothat;obstacle)只是在考試成績(jī)出來(lái)之后，我才意識(shí)到必需更加刻苦才能不落后。(onlykeepupwith)作為主要談判人，她在打破雙方之間的障礙上制造了奇跡。(miracle)您無(wú)需擔(dān)憂(yōu)，男士是不允許進(jìn)入這個(gè)房間的。(need;allowsb.todosth.)假設(shè)要我在上大學(xué)還是去工作兩者間選擇，我會(huì)選擇前者而非后者。(insteadof)(inspiteofatatime)參考譯文Havinggivenupthebadhabitofsmokingbeforebedtime,Inolongerhavetohearmywifecomplainingallthetime.WhatsetshimapartfromotherpeopleofhisageisthatheisaddictedtoBeijingOpera.esohnehmtsyoeanyobstacletomarryhim.OnlyaftertheresultoftheexamcameoutdidIrealizeIwouldhavetoworkhardertokeepupwiththeothers.Aschiefnegotiatorshehasperformedmiraclesinbreakingdownbarriersbetweenthetwosides.Youdon’tneedtoworry.Menarenotallowedtogetintothisroom.IfIhadtomakeachoicebetweengoingtocollegeandfindingajob,Iwouldchoosetheformerinsteadofthelatter.Inspiteoftheinstructionoftakingonepillatatime,hetookthreeallatonce.漢譯英在我看來(lái)，取得成功的最正確途徑是努力工作。(getahead)讓我們感到無(wú)望的是,的價(jià)值如何。(regardlessof)我感到他做錯(cuò)了什么事，可我又沒(méi)有依據(jù)。(baseon)!不然你會(huì)漏掉一些重要信息。(payattention)一些人已經(jīng)留意到生活方式的任何轉(zhuǎn)變都將影響一個(gè)人的安康。(haveaneffecton)這兩個(gè)政黨從選舉以來(lái)就始終彼此沖突。(inconflictwith)(fulfill)我們不想聽(tīng)你的想法，只講事實(shí)!(stickto)參考譯文Inmyopinion,thebestwaytogetaheadisthroughhardwork.Toourdisappointment,allourproposalswererejectedregardlessoftheirmerits.Ifeelhewasdoingsomethingwrong,butIhavegotnothingtobaseiton.PayattentionwhenI’mtalkingtoyou,otherwiseyou’llmisssomeimportantinformation.Somepeoplehavenoticedthatanychangeinlifestylewillhaveaneffectonone’shealth.Thetwopartieshavebeeninconflictwitheachothersincetheelection.Anursehasmanydutiestofulfillincaringforthesick.Wedonotwanttohearyouropinions;sticktothefacts!漢譯英(challenge)他還拿不定方法，但我信任我們最終確定能把他說(shuō)服。(winover)他幫助了我，并期望我能為他做點(diǎn)兒事作為報(bào)答。(inreturn)你或者不讓孩子靠近藥箱，或者把藥箱放在孩子拿不到的地方。(keepawayfrom)全部的行李都在機(jī)場(chǎng)受到檢查，以確定其中沒(méi)有危急物品。(screen)(buildup,reservoir)我想要一杯咖啡，還有一杯水。(aswell)(so…that,putanendto)參考譯文Reducingthegapbetweenrichandpoorisoneofthemainchallengesfacingthegovernment.I’msurewe’llwinhimoverintheend.Hehelpedme,andinreturnhopedthatIcoulddosomethingforhim.Youshouldeitherkeepyourchildawayfromthemedicinebox,orkeeptheboxawayfromthem.Allluggageisscreenedattheairporttomakesureitcontainsnothingdangerous.Thedepartmenthasbuiltupareservoirofknowledgeformanyyears.I’dlikeacupofcoffee,andaglassofwateraswell.Hewassodesperatethathethreatenedtoputanendtohislife.漢譯英小偷觀看遠(yuǎn)處的警察轉(zhuǎn)身就逃。(turnonone’sheel)(responsible)一些人認(rèn)為，對(duì)大多數(shù)的男人來(lái)說(shuō)，愛(ài)情只不過(guò)是他們?nèi)松囊粋€(gè)插曲。(episode)我厭煩他這種逆來(lái)順受的脆弱性格。(turntheothercheek)(putsb.inhis/herplace)他在一次宴會(huì)上堵住了我，非要和我大談他那困難的童年，無(wú)聊得我要死。(corner)當(dāng)他有這種奇異心情時(shí)，我怎么也不能讓他理解我的意思。(gettosb.)你怎么能不顧一切反對(duì)意見(jiàn)而一意孤行呢?(clingto)參考譯文Thethiefturnedonhisheelandranwhenhesawthepoliceinthedistance.Itwasyouridea,soifanythinggoeswrongIshallholdyoupersonallyresponsible.Somethinkthatforthemajorityofmen,loveisbutanepisodeinhislife.Ihatetoseehisweakpersonalitythatmakeshimsimplyturntheothercheek.Aliceistoorude;it’stimeyouputherinherplace.Heoncecorneredmeatapartyandboredmetodeathabouthisdifficultchildhood.Whenhe’sinthisstrangemood,Ijustcan’tgettohim.Howcouldyousetasidealltheobjectionsandclingtoyourowncourse?漢譯英起火時(shí)，辦公室人員慌張?zhí)映觥?fleeinpanic)(slip,makeoffwith)最終，這位法官允許布朗夫婦收養(yǎng)這個(gè)無(wú)家的孤兒。(eventually,adopt)眾所周知，如瑜珈等放松的方法能緩解壓力對(duì)身體造成的不良反響。(easestress)(transfer)雖然我們患病了嚴(yán)峻的自然災(zāi)難，但我們確定能抑制一切困難。(sufferfrom)(veteran,survive)當(dāng)馬克想起那起事故時(shí)，仍感到惱火。(upset)參考譯文Officeworkersfledinpanicasthefirebrokeout.Isawthelittleboyslipintothekitchenandmakeoffwithaloafofbread.Eventually,the judge permitted the Browns to adopt homelessorphan.Asisknowntoall, relaxationtechniqueslikeyogacaneasetheharmfuleffectofstressonthebody.Allpassengersweretransferredoutofonebusandintoanother.Thoughwesufferedfromseriousnaturaldisasters,wearesuretoovercomealldifficulties.Thereareconcernsthatthoseveteransmaynotsurvivethewinter.ItstillupsetsMarkwhenhethinksabouttheaccident.漢譯英在我了解全部的事實(shí)之后，我就能給你提出建議了。(beinapositiontodo)我們輪番值夜班，這樣就不會(huì)有人總是夜班了。(rotateshift)(comeupwith,boost)(makeit)一有人走進(jìn)屋子，孩子們就開(kāi)頭炫耀起來(lái)了。(showoff)即使你與她意見(jiàn)相左，她的話也值得聽(tīng)一聽(tīng)，到底她很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(eventhough)我們想鼓舞學(xué)生參與學(xué)院的治理工作。(participatein)(grant)參考譯文WhenIknowallthefacts,I’llbeinapositiontoadviseyou.Werotatethenightshiftsothatnoonehastodoitallthetime.Onceagain,shebecamethefirsttocomeupwithanewideaforboostingsales.Withherfather’shelp,shemadeitinfilmswhenshewasstillateenager.Thechildrenstartshowingoffassoonasanyonecomesintothehouse.Eventhoughyoudonotagreewithher,she’sworthlisteningto.Afterall,sheisveryexperienced.Wewanttoencouragethestudentstoparticipatefullyintherunningofthecollege.Hehasbeengrantedhisfreedomonconditionthatheleavesthecountry.漢譯英我們應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會(huì)處理我們生活中遇到的問(wèn)題。(dealwith)(means)5歲孩童中只有百分之四十能享受學(xué)前教育。(haveaccessto)(atthecostof)樓上收音機(jī)的聲音阻礙了我的工作。(interferewith)201120分。(at…intervals)這本書(shū)獲得了好評(píng)，但是從實(shí)際銷(xiāo)售狀況來(lái)看，它并不太成功。(intermsof很明顯，事情的進(jìn)展讓我大失所望。(turnout)參考譯文Weshouldlearntodealwiththeproblemsthatwemeetinourlife.Ihaveunderstoodthatrealizingthegoalmeansfacingchallengebravely.Only 40% of 5-year-old childrenhaveaccess to pre-schooleducation.Hesaidthathewouldnotliketoacceptthisjobatthecostofhissparetime.Thesoundoftheradioupstairsinterferedwithmywork.Thebellringsat20-minuteintervals,whichmeansitis11:20now.Thebookhasbeenwellreviewed,butintermsofactualsalesithasn’tbeenverysuccessful.Obviously,I’mdisappointedatthewaythingshaveturnedout.aggregatedemandaggregatesupplycorporate/entrepreneurialculturecorporateimage(Cl)enterpriseimagecross-nationalcorporationenterprisingspiritpioneeringspiritforeign-fundedenterpriseholidayeconomyhumancapitalaerospaceindustryaircraftindustry電子工業(yè)electronicindustrycarindustryentertainmentindustryinformationindustryknowledge-intensiveindustrylargeandmedium-sizedstate-ownedenterpriseslightindustrylotteryindustrymanufacturingindustrymonopolyindustriesmarketdiversification市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)marketeconomy市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管marketsupervisionpurchasingpowerbearmarketbullmarket城鎮(zhèn)化urbanization房地產(chǎn)realestate首付down-paymenthomeownerindividualhousingloaneconomicglobalizationspecialeconomiczones(SEZ)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)economicgrowth泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)bubbleeconomytarifftaxpayermacroeconomythesizeofmoneysupplyexcessliquidityoverheatedeconomyawell-offstandard京劇Pekingopera秦腔QinoperaKungfoTaiChi口技ventriloquismpuppetshowshadowplayoperahighlights雜技acrobaticswittydialoguecomedyembroiderySuzhouembroideryclayfigurecalligraphytraditionalChinesepaintingChinesebrushpaintingChineseknotthefourgreatinventionsofancientChinagunpowderprintingpaper-makingthecompassbronzewareporcelainchinatri-colorglazedpotteryoftheTangDynastycloisonneswingmartialartscheongsamChinesetunicsuitTangsuitFengshuigeomanticomen陽(yáng)歷Solarcalendar陰歷LunarcalendarleapyearzodiactheSpringFestivaltheLanternFestival清明節(jié)theTomb-sweepingDaytheDragon-boatFestivaltheMid-autumnDay重陽(yáng)節(jié)theDouble-ninthDay七夕節(jié)theDouble-seventhDayspringcoupletstemplefairfirecracker年畫(huà)(traditionalNewYearpicturesNewYeargift-moneydragondancesweetstickyricedumplings花燈festivallantern燈謎lanternriddleliondancestiltwalking賽龍舟dragonboatrace總需求aggregatedemandaggregatesupplycorporate/entrepreneurialculturecorporateimage(Cl)enterpriseimagecross-nationalcorporationenterprisingspiritpioneeringspiritforeign-fundedenterpriseholidayeconomyhumancapitalaerospaceindustryaircraftindustry電子工業(yè)electronicindustrycarindustryentertainmentindustryinformationindustryknowledge-intensiveindustrylargeandmedium-sizedstate-ownedenterpriseslightindustrylotteryindustrymanufacturingindustrymonopolyindustriesmarketdiversification市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)marketeconomy市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管marketsupervisionpurchasingpowerbearmarketbullmarket城鎮(zhèn)化urbanization房地產(chǎn)realestate首付down-paymenthomeownerindividualhousingloaneconomicglobalizationspecialeconomiczones(SEZ)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)economicgrowth泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)bubbleeconomytarifftaxpayermacroeconomythesizeofmoneysupplyexcessliquidityoverheatedeconomyawell-offstandard一個(gè)中國(guó)原則theone-Chinaprinciple與時(shí)俱進(jìn)keeppacewiththetimes綜合國(guó)力overallnationalstrength共同愿望commondesire“走出去”(戰(zhàn)略)goingglobal不結(jié)盟non-alignment單邊主義unilateralismmultilateralismmultipolarworldagingofpopulationbirthratecommunityservicecourtofethicsembezzlement1)Itis+形容詞+thatItisconceivablethatknowledgeplaysanimportantroleinourlife.可想而知，學(xué)問(wèn)在我們的一生中扮演著一個(gè)重要的角色。2)Itis+形容詞+todo/doingShehadsaidwhatitwasnecessarytosay.她已經(jīng)說(shuō)了一切有必要說(shuō)的話。3)祈使句/名詞+and/orWorkhard,andyouwillfinallybeabletoreachyourdestination.努力工作，你就能實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)。4)as+many/much+名詞+asItissaidthatvisitorsspendonlyhalfasmuchmoneyinadayinLeedsasinLon-don.據(jù)說(shuō)，游客每天在利茲的花銷(xiāo)僅為在倫敦的一半。5)倍數(shù)詞+as+形容詞+asThereservoiristhreetimesasbigasitwastenyearsago.這個(gè)水庫(kù)的面積是十年前三倍。)+more名詞/thanSmokingissoharmfultopersonalhealththatitkillsseventimesmorepeopleeachyearthanautomobileaccidents.多七倍。7)(not)as/so...as(和……(不)一樣)Theenvironmentalproblemsarenotasseriousastheysuggestedintheirreport.環(huán)境問(wèn)題沒(méi)有他們?cè)趫?bào)告中說(shuō)得那么嚴(yán)峻。8)nomore...than(與……一樣不)Sheisnomorefittobeamanagerthanaschoolgirlwouldbe一個(gè)女學(xué)生固然不宜當(dāng)經(jīng)理，她也同樣不宜。9)Nothingismore...than(;……是最……的)Nothingismoreimportantthantoreceiveeducation.沒(méi)有比承受教育更重要的事。+of+名詞Theyhurriedlyescapedintoacavethatsmeltofterror.他們倉(cāng)皇地逃人一個(gè)布滿(mǎn)恐驚氣氛的山洞。11)without/notsomuchas(甚至沒(méi)有)withherhusband，Marylefthomewithoutsomuchaslookingbackathim.出于對(duì)丈夫的無(wú)望，瑪麗離開(kāi)了家，甚至都沒(méi)有回頭看他一眼。12)may/mightaswell(…as)(與其……還不如……)Onemayaswellnotknowathingatallasknowbutimperfectly.與其一知半解還不如徹底蒙在鼓里。13)too...to(太……而不能……;極其地)Itwasnottoobrightofthemtosettleinanareawhereearthquakesfrequentlyoccur他們選擇在地震多發(fā)的地區(qū)定居，這可不是個(gè)明智的打算。14)onlytofind/see(結(jié)果卻;沒(méi)想到會(huì))Hespentalmostallhismoneytobuythehenwhichwassaidtobeabletolaygoldeggs,onlytofinditcouldnotlayeggsatall.雞根本不會(huì)下蛋。15)Itisundoubtedthat/Thereisnodoubtthat(毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，……)Thereisnodoubtthatwarcanbeavoidedifwegetdowntopeacetalk.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，假設(shè)我們肯認(rèn)真和談就能避開(kāi)戰(zhàn)斗16)ratherthan(而不是……)Ratherthanpursuemoneytoachievehappiness，weshouldfocusontheimprovementofourselves.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)集中精力改善自我，而不是追求金錢(qián)的享樂(lè)。17)not..until(直到……才)Wecan”treleasethefilmuntilwehavetheapprovalfromtheauthorityconcerned.直到獲得有關(guān)當(dāng)局的批準(zhǔn)我們才能發(fā)行那部電影。18)so/such(…)that(如此……以至于)Withtherumorspreadingfast,theiranxietywassuchthattheycouldnotsleep/theybecamesoanxiousthattheycouldnotsleep.在謠言快速散播的狀況下，他們焦慮特別，無(wú)法人睡。19)(Thechancesarethat(很可能……)Chancesarethatshehasalreadyknownit,andthereisnoneedforustokeepthesecret.她很可能已經(jīng)知道了，所以我們沒(méi)有必要再保守這個(gè)隱秘。20)Itoccurredtosbthat(突然想到……)IthadneveroccurredtoCinderellashewouldbecomeaprincesssomeday.辛德瑞拉從來(lái)沒(méi)有想到她會(huì)成為一位王妃。21)not...but...(不是……而是……)Toourdisappointment,theplancausednotdevelopmentbutdestruction.讓我們無(wú)望的是，這個(gè)打算帶來(lái)的不是進(jìn)步而是破壞。22)Itistakenforgrantedthat(……被認(rèn)為是理所固然的)Ithasbeentakenforgrantedthatwomenshouldtakeonallthehousework.多年來(lái)人們始終認(rèn)為女性做家務(wù)是理所固然的。23)Itis/wassaidthat(據(jù)說(shuō))Itissaidthatmanistheleastbiologicallydeterminedspeciesofallbecausehepossessesfeaturesabsentinothernaturalspecies.24)Whenitcomesto...(提及，當(dāng)提到……的時(shí)候)WhenitcomestophysicsIknownothing.談到物理學(xué)，我一無(wú)所知。25)benotmuchofa...(是個(gè)不太好的……)Mikeisnotmuchofateacherforheoftenskipsfromonesubjecttoanother.麥克不是個(gè)好教師，由于他總是從一個(gè)話題跳轉(zhuǎn)到另一個(gè)話題。26)Asfarassb./sthisconcerned(就……而言，在……看來(lái))AsfarasIamconcernedfashionbelongstowomen.在我看來(lái)，時(shí)尚是屬于女性的。27)notonly...butalso(不但……而且……)Shakespeareisnotonlyagreatplaywrightbutalsoabrilliantpoet.莎士比亞不僅是一位宏大的劇作家而且是一位才華橫溢的詩(shī)人。28)(neither...(nor...(既不……也不……;或者……或者……)Likingneitherthestorynorthebackgroundmusic,hefellasleepinthecinema.他既不寵愛(ài)故事情節(jié)也不寵愛(ài)背景音樂(lè),所以在電影院里睡著了。29)nosoonerthan/hardlywhen/scarcelywhen(剛……就……)Ihadhardlyopenedthedoorwhenherushedin.我剛開(kāi)門(mén)他就沖進(jìn)來(lái)了。30)themore…themore(越……越……)Thefasteracountry’seconomydevelops,thesloweritspopulationgrows.一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)展越快，它的人口增長(zhǎng)就越慢。Thereasonwhy+isthat+句子(…的緣由是…)這是在四級(jí)考試?yán)锩嬗玫煤芏嗟囊粋€(gè)定語(yǔ)從句句型，通過(guò)why把兩個(gè)句子聯(lián)系起來(lái)，whythereason的定語(yǔ)。Thereasonwhywehavetogrowtreesisthattheycanprovideuswithfreshair.thosewho構(gòu)造，如：Thosewhoviolatetrafficregulationsshouldbepunished.違反交通規(guī)定的人應(yīng)當(dāng)受懲罰。SincethetimethatS+過(guò)去式，S+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。since一詞將兩個(gè)句子聯(lián)系起來(lái)，表示一種時(shí)間關(guān)系。Sincethetimethathewenttoseniorhighschoolhehasworkedveryhard.自從他上高中，他始終很用功。生命，沒(méi)有好的連接，相應(yīng)的也不會(huì)有精彩的作文問(wèn)世。語(yǔ)法精講簡(jiǎn)介連接手段(Theconnective)定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句等。建議大家結(jié)合本系列叢書(shū)的《詞匯?語(yǔ)法?完形填空分冊(cè)》中的從句講解進(jìn)展學(xué)習(xí)。四級(jí)必備套句主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(過(guò)去進(jìn)展時(shí)成過(guò)去完成時(shí))+其他成分+when+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(一般過(guò)去時(shí))+其他成分when引導(dǎo)的分句表示分句行為發(fā)生的突然性，when常譯為“就在這時(shí)”，該句在記敘文的寫(xiě)作中常常用到。OnarainydayIwasdrivingontheStreetofEternalPeacewhenInoticedayoungmanholdingupasignthatread“Frank”.在一個(gè)下雨塊牌子，上面寫(xiě)著“弗蘭克”。Nooneeverythingthatisgoingonintheworld.【分析tsgnne，everythingthat。這句子在闡述緣由時(shí)是個(gè)很有效的句子。Noonehastimetoreadanaccountofeverythingthatisgoingonintheworld.沒(méi)有一個(gè)人會(huì)有時(shí)間去閱讀介紹世界上正在發(fā)生的每一件事情。(在論述有選擇性的閱讀的重要性時(shí))ratherthan…,weshould…【分析】“ratherthan”意為“而不是”或“沒(méi)有去”。Ratherthanpursuemoneytoachievehappinessweshouldfocusontheimprovementofpartsofourselves.除了(表示所說(shuō)的不包括在內(nèi))。Heneverspeakstomeotherthantoaskforsomething. 他除了向我要東西，從不跟我說(shuō)話。Shehasnoclosefriendsotherthanme. 她除了我以外從沒(méi)有別的好朋友。一、詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換是名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。例子：她的書(shū)給我們的印象很深。譯文：Herbookimpressedusdeeply?！癷mpress“。二、減詞英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)傾向簡(jiǎn)潔，漢語(yǔ)比較寵愛(ài)重復(fù)。重復(fù)，作為一種漢語(yǔ)修辭方法，在某種場(chǎng)合下，重復(fù)的表達(dá)一個(gè)意思，是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。例子：這是革命的春天，這是人民的春天，這是科學(xué)的春天!讓我們張開(kāi)雙臂，吵鬧擁抱這個(gè)春天吧!譯文：Letusstretchoutourarmstoembracethespring,whichisoneoftherevolutionofthepeopleandofscience。表達(dá)，用定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)翻譯，使英文句子讀起來(lái)也朗朗上口。三、增詞法在翻譯段落時(shí)，為了能充分的表達(dá)原文含義，以求達(dá)意，翻譯時(shí)有必要增加詞語(yǔ)來(lái)使英文的表達(dá)更加順暢。例子：虛心使人進(jìn)步，驕傲使人落后。譯文：Modestyhelpsonetogoforward,whereasconceitmakesonelagbehind。whereas，以使英語(yǔ)的句子表達(dá)更加有規(guī)律性。四、語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換語(yǔ)態(tài)分為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，漢語(yǔ)中主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)消滅頻率較高，而與之相反，英語(yǔ)中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用率較高。因此考生在翻譯時(shí)，要留意語(yǔ)態(tài)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。例子：這個(gè)小女孩在上學(xué)的路上受了傷。譯文：Thelittlegirlwashurtonherwaytoschool。批注：這里，“受了傷”的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換為“washurt“的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。五、語(yǔ)序變換六、分譯與合譯簡(jiǎn)潔，通俗易懂。同時(shí)也可以把漢語(yǔ)的兩個(gè)較簡(jiǎn)短的句子譯成一句，中間用連接詞來(lái)鏈接。七、正反表達(dá)翻譯正反表達(dá)翻譯可以分為兩種狀況：例子：他的演講不充實(shí)。譯文：Hisspeechisprettythin。批注：以上用法屬于“漢反英正”的用法。幫助大家順當(dāng)備考，大家可以在馬上到來(lái)的考試中取得抱負(fù)成績(jī)。修飾后置作。Beingasecretaryisaverycomplexjobwhichneedstheabilitytoorganize,coordinateandcommunicate.分析：本句中“格外簡(jiǎn)潔的需要組織、協(xié)調(diào)和溝通力氣”是修飾which次。插入語(yǔ)插入語(yǔ)一般對(duì)一句話作一些附加的說(shuō)明。它是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)(課程)語(yǔ)法的重點(diǎn)，也是高考(課程)的考點(diǎn)。通常與句中其它局部沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法上的聯(lián)系，將它刪掉之后，句子構(gòu)造照舊完整。插入語(yǔ)在句中有時(shí)是對(duì)一句話的一些附加解釋、說(shuō)明或總結(jié);有時(shí)表達(dá)說(shuō)話者的態(tài)度和看法;有時(shí)起強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用;;還可以起轉(zhuǎn)移話題或說(shuō)明事由的作用;也可以承上啟下，使句子連接得更嚴(yán)密一些。栗子：中國(guó)結(jié)(theChineseknot最初是由手工藝人制造的，經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)百年不斷的改進(jìn)，已經(jīng)成為一種優(yōu)雅多彩的藝術(shù)和工藝。TheChineseknot,originallyinventedbycraftsman,hasbecomeanelegantandcolorfulartandcraftafterhundredyearsofimprovement.分析：本句中“最初是由手工藝人制造的”是對(duì)中國(guó)結(jié)的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，將它刪掉之后主句照舊完整，故在譯文中將其作為插入語(yǔ)。非限定性從句句放在句子中間，其前后都需要用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。栗子：中國(guó)剪紙有一千五百多年的歷史，在明朝和清朝時(shí)期(theMingandQingDynasties)特別流行。Chinesepapercuttinghasahistoryofmorethan1,500years,whichwasparticularlywidespreadduringtheMingandQingDynastie.無(wú)主句的翻譯不行能沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)的，下面我們看看這種句子怎么翻譯。栗子：歷代都知名匠、名品產(chǎn)生，形成了深厚的文化積淀。Wecanseefamouscraftsmenandfineworksineachdynasty,whichhasformedadeepculturalaccumulation.分析：本句中是沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)的，這就需要我們?yōu)榫渥友a(bǔ)上主語(yǔ)。所we”。英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯練習(xí)：儒家思想請(qǐng)將下面這段話翻譯成英文：儒家思想(Confucianism)(feudalrulingclass的指導(dǎo)思想之一。儒家思想的核心其實(shí)是一種人道主義(humanism)。它提倡自我修養(yǎng)，認(rèn)為人是可教化的、可完善的。儒家每個(gè)人都能扮演好自己的角色，并與他人維持良好的關(guān)系?！魠⒖挤g:ConfucianismConfucianismisthelargestChineseschoolofthoughts,andthemainstreamconsciousnessoftheancientChina.Confucianismhadbeenoneoftherulingdoctrinesofthefeud