高中英語基礎語法

Ithinkthatheisfitforhisoffice.

語法專項一：句子成分；簡單句；并列句和復合句賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lendme皿“「dictionary,

一.句子成分please.（2）復合賓語（賓語+賓補），例如：Thevelecledhimtheirmonitor.

句子成分的定義：（五）賓語補足語：英語中有些及物動詞，除了一個直接賓語以外，還要有?個賓語

構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。主要成分有主語和補足語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動

謂語。次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。詞（如make等+賓語+賓補）。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、

（-）主語：主語是一個句子所陳述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結構、疑介詞短語和從句充當。例如：

問句（當主語不是疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞HisfathernamedhimXiaomiiiR.

后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語Theypaintedtheirboatwhite

從句來充當。例如：Letthefreshairin.

Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.Youmustn'tforcehimtolendhim“itrneymyou.

WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.Wesawhimtheroom.

Onethirdofthestudentsinthisclassisgirls.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.

Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.Wewillsoonmakeourcilv卬/山citvhi.

T7ierichshouldhelpthepoor.（六）定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語，定語可由以下成分來充當：

■'%weare史oinatohaveanEnglishteslhasnotbeendecided.Guilinisabeautifulcity.

Itisnecessarytomasteraforeiunla，iEU（iRe.ChinaisadevclopinRcountry;Americanisadevelopedcountry.

（二）謂語：謂語是說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中做謂語，Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.

一般放在主語之后。謂語的構成如下：HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.

1.簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirstenler（heclassroom.

2.更合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成。如：YoumaykeeptheTheteachinaplantornexttermhasbeenworkedout.

bookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系動詞力口表語構成。如：WeHeisreadinganarticleaboutAowlearnEnglish.

arestudents.（七）狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,

（三）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動詞（如be、叫做狀語。可由以下形式充當：

become^get、look、remain等）之后。表語?般有名詞、形容詞、代詞、分LighttravelsmostQuickly.

詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句充當。例如：Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.

OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.

Isityours?Heisintheroommakinaamodelplane.

Theweatherhasturnedcold.bedn,youmustcontinue.

Threetimessevenisfwe心one.狀語種類如下：

HisjobistoteachingEnglish.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix"?

Hishobbyis加女football.Lastnightshedidn'tgotothedancepartybecauseof〔herain.

Themachinemustbeoutoforder.Ishallgothereifitdoesn'train.

Timeis維.Theclassis。一匚MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.

Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithwreatcare.

（四）賓語：賓語表示動作的對象和承受著，一般位于及物動詞或介詞之后。例如：Shecaineinwilhadictionary加herhand.

Theywenttoseeanexhibilionyesterday./〃ordertocatchupwiththeothers,1mustworkharder.

Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.HewassotiredthathefellasleeDimmediately.

Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.Sheworksveryhardthouahsheold.

Hepretendedseeme.IamtallerIhanheis.

IenjoylisleninfitoDopidarnrnsic.

練習一muchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeafter

theparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.Therearefive

一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：differenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.How

manydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well.Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Please

1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.givemybestregardstoyourparents.

2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.

3.1shallansweryourquestionafterclass.四、選擇填空：

4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!

5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.()1.____willleavefbrBeijing.

6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow

7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow

8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.()2.Theweather____.

9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold

10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.()3.Theapplelasted____.

11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet

12.Tbmcametoaskmeforadvice.()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.

13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter

14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?()5.Theactorattheageof70.

15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded

16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?()6.____wereallverylired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.

17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.A.We,usB,Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we

18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch.

19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly

20.Theapplestastedsweet.()8.1think_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.

A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis

二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的主語(一)、謂語(=)、賓語(?)：()9.Thedog____mad.

A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked

Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'm()1().Iwillneverforgettheday1joinedthearmy.

helpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.ItisthetimeofyearforthericeA.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where

harvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkby

thelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitis

coldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,my

Dadhasonlytwomenworkingfbrhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrother

takescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehave

towalerthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwalerfromawell.Ilthenrunsalong

channelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.

三、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語(一)、狀語(=)、補語(?)：

MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusvery

happy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—too

二、簡單句、并列句和復合句2、祈使句、反意疑問句和感嘆句是高考命題的熱點之一。有時把祈使句與反意疑問句結

合于一體來考查。一個題目，幾個考點，是近幾年命題的發(fā)展趨勢。

（一）句子種類兩種分類法3、高考對簡單句、并列句和各種復合句的考查常表現(xiàn)在對連詞的選擇和使用上。如：and,

1、按句子的用途可分四種：but,or,while,以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句的連接詞、關聯(lián)詞。

1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn'thearofyoubefore.4、各種主從復合句的考查常常與動詞的時態(tài)聯(lián)系在一起，以賓語從句與狀語從句最為明

2）疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorseven顯，時間從句與條件從句中，如果主句是將來時，從句則用一般式表將來，這一點在高考

yearsold?Marycanswim,can'tshe?中經(jīng)常考查。如：Wewillgooutingifitdoesn'traintomorrow0

3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don'ttalkinclass

4）感嘆句：Howclevertheboyis!練習二、簡單句、并列句和復合句

2、按句子的結構可分三種：一、判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復合句：

1）簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）。1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.

e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.2.Theboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledlorn.

TomandMikeareAmericanboys.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn'tthere?

Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomealseven

2）并列句：由并列連詞（and,but,or等）或分號（；）把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在intheevening.

一起構成。5.HeisinClassOneand1aminClassTwo.

e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.

Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.

3）復合句：含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。復合句包含：名詞性從句（主語從句、賓8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn'tit?

語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）、定語從句和狀語從句等。9.Thefannerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.

e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.

（二）簡單句的五種基本句型二、判斷下列短文中各句是簡單句、并列句還是復合句：

1、主語+系動詞+表語：e.g.Heisastudent.Ihopeyouareverywell().I'mfine,buttired().Rightnowitisthesummer

2、主語+不及物動詞：e.g.Wework.vacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm().Augustisthehottestmonthhere().

3、主語+及物動詞+賓語：e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeveryday1workfromdawnuntildark.()

4、主語+及物動詞+雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）：e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors().Wegrowriceinthe

主語+及物動詞+復合賓語（賓語+賓補）：e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.southoftheStales,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat().Wehavealotof

注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴展、變化或省略而構成。machinesonthefarm().Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonly(womenworkingfor

（三）并列句的分類him().Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest().Mybrothertakescareofthe

1、表示連接兩個同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等連接。e.g.vegetablegarden().Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere().Asaresult,wehave

Theteacher'snameisSmith,andthestudent\nameisJohn.towaterthevegetablegarden().Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell().It

2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or,either…or…，otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryoufIImissthethenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden().

train.

3、表示轉折，常用的連詞有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。已g.HewasalittlemanMostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime().Thesepartiesoftenmake

withthickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.usveryhappy().Wecookmealonanopenfireoutside().It'sgreat()!

4、表示因果關系，常用的連詞有so,for,therefore等。e.g.AugusiisthetimeoftheyearforriveAmericanseatalotofmeat-toomuchinmyopinion().Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer

harvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.().Idon't,because1havetodrivehomeaftertheparty().Inyourletteryouaskedabout

（四）高考考點探討thetimeindifferentareasoftheStates().TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates().

1、簡單句的五大句型是最基本的句型。雖然近幾年單純考查這種基礎句型的題不多，但InmystalewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijinglime().Howmanydifferentlime

是在閱讀中有時需借助r劃分句子成分去理解，在書面表達中，沒有最基本的遣詞造句的areasdoyouhaveinChina()?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep().Pleasegiveiny

能力是不可能用地道的英語句子來表達清楚的。bestregardstoyourparents().

三、選擇填空：A.TellmeB.IfyouwouldsaytomeC.YouwilltellmeD.Ifyoutellme

()1.Givemeonemoreminute____I'llbeabletofinishit.()19.Asheisstrong,____canliftonehundredpounds.

A.andB.orC.ifD.soA.yetheB.butheC.andD.he

()2.It'sthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate,____?()20.--Ithoughtyouhadanumbrella.--1had,____I'velostit.

A.hasn'theB.isn'theC.isn'titD.hasn'titA.sinceB.butC.becauseD.so

()3.____joyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain!()21.___downtheradio----thebaby'sasleepinthenextroom.

A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.WhatanA.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn

()4.Letuspass,____?()22.--Idon'tlikechicken____fish.--Idon'tlikechicken____Ilikefishverymuch.

A.shan,tweB.shallweC.won'tweD.willyouA.and,andB.and,butC.or,andD.or,but

()5.1supposehe'sserious,____?()23.——Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?----I'dliketo,____I'mtoobusy.

A.doIB.don'tIC.isheD.isn'theA.andB.soC.asD.but

()6.Youhadbetternotsmokehere.____?()24.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee____shallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?

A.willyouB.hadyouC.shallyouD.haveyouA.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise

()7.Trainashardasyoucan____you'llwintheswimmingcompetition.()25.Shesetoutsoonafterdark____homeanhourlater.

A.thenB.butC.andD.orA.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived

()8.I'msorrytohavetosaythis,___youforgottoturnoffthelightswhenyouleftthe()26."Can'tyouread?”Marysaid___tothenotice.

roomlastnight.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointed

A.andB.butC.soD.because()27.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,___,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmy

()9.Johnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest,and____.daughter.

A.Henryhasn'ttooB.HenryalsohasnoteitherC.neitherHenryhasD.neitherhasA.whomB.whereC.whichD.while

Henry()28.___itwithmeandFilseewhatIcando.

()10.Therearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,____othersenjoyA.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave

swimming.()29.--Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday,____?——ButIfedityesterday.

A.orB.forC.whileD.soA.doyouB.willyouC.didn'tyouD.don'tyou

()11.-Doyoufeellikegoingout____wouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?()30.____himandthentrytocopywhathedoes.

--I'dliketogoout.A.MindB.GlanceatC.StareatD.Watch

A.orB.andC.butD.so

()12.----“____isthetemperaturetoday?^^--"It's38degrees.”四、按要求完成下列句子：

A.WhichB.HowC.HowhotD.Howhigh1.Hedarestotellthetruth.(改為否定句)

()13.—Youruncleisn'tanengineer,ishe?----___.2.Theyhavelivedhereformorethantenyears.(對畫線部分提問)

A.Yes,heisn'tB.No,heisn'tC.No,heisD.Heis3.Therewillbeasportsmeetattheendofthismonth,?(完成反意疑問)

()14.___friendly____toeveryone!4.Youmustbecarefulwithyourpronunciation.(改為祈使句)

A.How,issheB.What,issheC.How,sheisD.What,sheis5.Theywentforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening.(改為?般疑問句)

()15.Marywenttobedearly,____shefeltverytired.6.Itisaninterestingstory.(改為感嘆句)

A.orB.soC.forD.yet7.Thismagazinecomesout(出版)everyotherweek.(對湎線部分提問)

()16.Mother____adresswhenshecutherfinger.8.Theycouldhardlybelievehiswords,?(完成反意疑問)

A.wasmakingB.makesC.ismakingD.made9.Themoonisshiningbrightly.(改為感嘆句)

()17.Helayinbed___readsomethingborrowedfromlibrary.10.OurEnglishteacherisalwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass.(對畫線部分提問)

A.butB.andC.orD.yet

()18.--rdreallylikesomelunchbutIhavesomuchworktodo.

--____whatyouwantand1cangetitfbryou.

3）as引導定語從句時的用法

語法專項二：定語從句①as引導限制性定語從句通常用于thesame-as,such…as結構中。

e.g.Iwantthesameshirtasmyfriend,s.我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。

定語從句的含義：SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.我們車間使用的這種機器

在主從復合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。是中國制造的。

（-）定語從句一般由關系代詞和關系副詞引導②as引導非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用來修飾整個句子。

1、關系代詞：who,whom,whose,which,that,as通常用卜歹峋型：asisknowntoalLasissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,

2、關系副詞：when,where,whyasIexpect等。

關系代詞和關系副詞必須位于從句之首，主句先行詞之后，起著連接先行詞和從句的作用，e.g.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagainin（hismid-termexamination.正如我所預料的

同時在從句中又充當句子成分。那樣，他在這次期中考試中乂獲得了第一名。

e.g.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.（關系代詞who在從句中作主語）3）as引導非限制性定語從句時與which的區(qū)別

Thecomradew