全球海運行業(yè)市場前景及投資研究報告-培訓(xùn)課件外文版2024.5馬士基

INDUSTRIES

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MARKETSOceanshippingworldwideCHAPTER

01OverviewTransportvolumeofseabornetradefrom1990to2021(inbilliontonsloaded)Transportvolumeofworldwidemaritimetrade1990-202112.011.010.09.011.0711.0210.9910.7210.310.6510.029.829.519.28.758.48.238.047.867.78.07.116.767.06.486.135.98

6.025.685.636.05.04.03.04.954.764.654.494.334.224.124.014Description:Thevolumeofglobalseabornetrademorethandoublebetween1990and2021.In2021,thevolumeofglobalseabornetradewasestimatedtobearound11billiontons,whereasin1990,onlyaboutfourbilliontonsofgoodswereloadedinportsworldwide.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1990to2021Source(s):ClarksonResearchServices;UNCTADVolumeofloadedandunloadedcargoinseabornetradein2021,bycontinent(inmillionmetrictons)Loadedandunloadedtonnageinworldwidemaritimetrade2021,bycontinentFreightloadedandunloadedinmillionmetrictonsUnloaded

Loaded3,00001,0002,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,000AsiaEuropeOceaniaLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanNorthernAmericaAfrica5Description:In2021,Asiaaccountedforover64percentofgoodsunloadedworldwide.Thatyear,roughlysevenbillionmetrictonswereunloadedinAsianseaports.Withjustover1.7billionmetrictons,Europeaccountedfornearly16percentoftheglobalvolumeofgoodsunloaded.Overall,almost11billionmetrictonsofgoodsweretradedworldwidethatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021Source(s):UNCTADEstimatedcontainerizedcargoflowsonmajorcontainertraderoutesin2022,bytraderoute(inmillionTEUs)Containerizedcargoflows2022,bytraderoute3532.73025201510526.38.90Trans-PacificEurope-Asia-EuropeTraderouteTranslatlantic6Description:Nearly33milliontwenty-footequivalentunits(TEU)ofcargoareexpectedtobetransportedacrossthePacificOceanin2022,makingTrans-Pacificroutesthelargestshippingzoneintermsofloadsize.Asaresultofgrowingglobalization,thevolumeofseabornetradereachedalmost11billionmetrictonsin2021.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):MDSTransmodal;UNCTADThelargestcontainerportsworldwidein2022,basedonthroughput(inmillionTEUs)Largestcontainerportsworldwidebasedonthroughput2022ThroughputinmillionTEUs05101520253035404550ShanghaiSingapore47.2837.29Ningbo-ZhoushanShenzhen33.3630.04QingdaoGuangzhouBusan25.6624.622.0721.03TianjinLosAngeles/LongBeachHongKong19.0416.58Rotterdam14.46DubaiAntwerp-Bruges1413.487Description:TheportofShanghaiwasthelargestcontainerportin2022,handlingcontainerswithacapacityofover47milliontwenty-footequivalentunits(TEU).In2022,nineoutofthetenbusiestcontainerportswerelocatedinAsia.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):PortofAntwerpYear-on-year(YoY)changeinglobalcontainerportthroughputfrom2014to2022,withaforecastfor2021YoYchangeinworldcontainerportthroughput2014-20278.0%7%7.0%6.0%5.0%4.0%3.0%2.0%1.0%0.0%-1.0%6.6%5.1%4.9%4.2%3.4%3.1%2.8%2.6%2.4%20191.3%20150.5%20220.4%-0.3%2020201420162017201820212023*2024*2025*2026*2027*8Description:In2022,theworldcontainerportthroughputincreaseby0.5percentcomparedtothepreviousyear.Itisexpectedthattheglobalthroughputwillkeepincreasingandshouldrecordagrowthof2.8percentin2027.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2014to2022;*Forecast.ReadmoreSource(s):CargotecOyjLeadingcountriesintermsofportcallsin2021Numberofportarrivalsworldwidebycountry2021Numberofportarrivals0100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000700,000800,000NorwayJapan696,827272,723ChinaUnitedStates*Italy260,464260,187230,097204,553TurkeyIndonesiaUnitedKingdom**Greece181,658174,726153,559121,650118,511NetherlandsSpainCanada111,934106,560DenmarkGermanySouthKorea95,58694,5949Description:Norwayrecordedthemostportarrivalsintheworldin2021.Thatyear,Norwaysawabout696,000shipsenteringandleavingitsports.Japanrankedsecondwithnearly273,000shipsdockinginitsportsin2021.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021Source(s):UNCTADMediantimespentinportbycontainershipsworldwidein2021,bycountry(indays)Mediantimespentinportbycontainershipsworldwidebysegment2021Mediantimespentinaportindays0.4

0.50.00.10.20.30.60.70.80.91.0JapanTaiwan0.360.57TurkeySpainHongKongRepublicofKoreaChina0.630.650.650.720.730.750.76ThailandMoroccoUnitedKingdomVietnam0.830.83Brazil0.85Panama0.8810Description:In2021,containershipsspentanaverageofaround0.8daysinaportduringaportcall.ContainershipsspenttheleastamountoftimeatJapaneseports,amediantimeof0.36days.TheUnitedStatesrankedlast,takingamediantimeof1.25daystoloadandunloadcontainersfromshipsatitsports.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021;Shipsof1,000grosstonsandaboveSource(s):MarineTrafficCarryingcapacityoftheglobalmerchantfleetfrom2013to2021(inmilliondwt)Carryingcapacityoftheworldmerchantfleet2013-20212,5002,0001,5001,000500020132014201520162017201820192020202111/statistics/264144/capacity-of-the-global-merchant-fleet-since-1990In2021,thecarryingcapacityoftheglobalmerchantfleetamountedtonearly2.1billiontonsdeadweight.Thisrepresentedanincreaseofalmostfivepercentcomparedwiththepreviousyearwhenthecapacityreachedsometwobilliontonsdeadweight.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2013to2021Source(s):ISL;MarineFlottenkommandoCHAPTER

02SegmentsNumberofshipsintheworldmerchantfleetasofJanuary1,2022,bytypeNumberofmerchantshipsbytype2022Numberofships02,0004,0006,0008,00010,00012,00014,00016,00018,00017,78420,000Ro-Ro/GeneralcargoshipsBulkcargocarriersCrudeoiltankers12,9418,258Chemicaltankers6,122Containerships5,5745,369PassengershipsLiquefiednaturalgastankers2,18013Description:Ofthearound58,000merchantshipstradinginternationally,some17,800shipswereRo-Ro/generalcargoshipsasofJanuary1,2022.Ro-Ro/generalcargoshipsthusaccountedfornearly31percentoftheworldmerchantfleet.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;asofJanuary1,2022Source(s):ISL;MarineFlottenkommandoCapacityoftheworldmerchantfleetasofJanuary2022,byshiptype(inmilliondwt)Globalmerchantfleetbytype-capacity2022Capacityinmilliondwt300

40001002005006007008009001,000Bulkcarriers913.6CrudeoiltankersContainerships546.3293Chemicaltankers129.7Ro-Ro/generalcargovesselsLiquefiedgastankers12283.7Passengerships7.414Description:OnJanuary1,2022,thecombinedcapacityofbulkcarriersintheglobalmerchantfleetamountedtoalmost914milliondwt.Theglobalmerchantfleethadatotalcapacityofalmost2.1billiondwtasofJanuary2022.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;asofJanuary1,2022Source(s):ISL;MarineFlottenkommandoCapacityofoiltankersinseabornetradefrom1980to2022(inmilliondwt)Capacityofoiltankersinseabornetrade1980-2022700600500629619601568561536503506450400339336282300200100026826124619801985199019952000200520102015201620172018201920202021202215Description:Thecapacityoftheworldoiltankerfleetgrewconsiderablybetween1980and2022.In2022,theglobaloiltankerfleethadacombinedcapacityofaround629milliontonsdeadweight.Intermsoftonnage,oiltankersaccountedforaround29percentofglobalseabornetradethatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1980to2022Source(s):ClarksonResearchServices;UNCTADCapacityofcontainershipsinseabornetradefrom1980to2022(inmilliondwt)Capacityofcontainershipsinseabornetrade1980-202235030025020015029328227526625324624422816998100644450026201119801985199019952000200520102015201620172018201920202021202216Description:In2022theworldmerchantcontainershipfleethadacapacityofaround293millionmetrictonsdeadweight.AsofJanuary2021,therewere5,307containershipsintheworld'smerchantfleet.ReadmoreNote(s):WorldwideSource(s):ClarksonResearchServices;UNCTADCapacityofgeneralcargovesselsinseabornetradefrom1980to2022(inmilliondwt)Capacityofgeneralcargovesselsinseabornetrade1980-20221401161201008060402001081061041031019278.877.976.9757574747419801985199019952000200520102015201620172018201920202021202217Description:Thecapacityoftheworldgeneralcargovesselfleetgenerallydecreasedbetween1980and2022.In2022,theworldgeneralcargoshipfleethadacapacityofaround78.8millionmetrictonsdeadweight,whichrepresentsaslightincreasecomparedwiththepreviousyear.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1980to2022Source(s):ClarksonResearchServices;UNCTADQuantityoftankerfreightininternationalmaritimetradefrom1970to2021(inmillionmetrictonsloaded)Tankerfreightininternationalmaritimetrade1970-20213,5003,0002,5002,0001,5001,00050001970

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202118Description:In2021,thequantityoftankerfreightininternationalmaritimetradereachedalmostthreebillionmetrictons,anincreaseofaroundonepercentcomparedwiththepreviousyear.Tankerstypicallytransportcommoditiessuchascrudeoil,refinedpetroleumproducts,gas,andchemicals.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1970to2021Source(s):ClarksonResearchServices;UNCTADQuantityofminorbulks,containerizedtrade,andresidualgeneralcargoininternationalmaritimetradefrom1970to2021(inmillionmetrictonsloaded)Drycargoininternationalmaritimetrade1970-20215,0004,5004,0003,5003,0002,5002,0001,5001,00050001970

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202119Description:Thequantityofminorbulks,containerizedtrade,andresidualgeneralcargohandledininternationalmaritimetradebetween1970and2021generallyincreased.Thequantityofdrycargoloadedgloballyincreasedsixfoldoverthisperiod,reachingnearly4.8billionmetrictonsloadedin2021.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1970to2021Source(s):ClarksonResearchServices;UNCTADMainbulkcargoininternationalseabornetradefrom1970to2021(inmilliontonsloaded)Mainbulkcargoininternationalmaritimetrade1970-20213,5003,0002,5002,0003,2723,2153,2183,1963,1513,0092,9302,2321,5791,5001,1869881,0005000608448197019801990200020052010201520162017201820192020202120Description:Theevolutionofmainbulkcargoininternationalseabornetradefrom1970through2021indicatesageneralupwardtrend.In2021theworld'smerchantfleetwasloadedwithapproximately3.3billiontonsofseabornemainbulkcommodities.Theterm"mainbulks"includesironore,grain,andcoal.Before2006,thetermincludedbauxite/aluminaandphosphaterockaswell.ReadmoreNote(s):WorldwideSource(s):ClarksonResearchServices;UNCTADCHAPTER

03CompaniesTheworld'sleadingoceanfreightforwardersin2022,basedonoceanfreightTEUs(in1,000s)LeadingoceanfreightforwardersworldwidebasedonTEUs2022OceanfreightinthousandTEUs05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,5005,000Kuehne+NagelSinotrans4,3863,890DHL3,294DSVA/S2,665DBSchenkerLXPantosC.H.RobinsonCevaLogisticsKerryLogisticsGeodis1,9351,5271,4251,3001,1761,146HellmannExpeditorsInternationalWorldwideLogistics977.5942.5862.7422Description:In2022,Kuehne+Nagelwasrankedtheworld'sleadingoceanfreightforwarder,withalmost4.4milliontwenty-footequivalentunitsofoceanfreight.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):Armstrong&Associates;TransportTopicsKuehne+Nagel'sworldwiderevenuefromFY2006toFY2022(inmillionSwissfrancs)Kuehne+Nagel'sworldwiderevenue2006-202250,00045,00040,00035,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,00002006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202223Description:Kuehne+Nagel'sworldwiderevenuein2022amountedto43billionSwissfrancs,whichrepresentsanincreaseof17percentfromthepreviousfiscalyear.Thecompanyexperiencedgradualgrowthinitsrevenueoverthepastdecade.In2021,thecompanyrecordeditslargestrevenuegrowthat54percent.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;FY2006toFY2022;fiscalyearendsDecember31.Source(s):Kühne+NagelTheworld'sleadingcontainershipoperatorsasofSeptember30,2023,basedonTEUcapacityLeadingcontainershipoperatorsbasedontotalTEUs2023TotalTEUs3,000,00001,000,0002,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0005,341,044MediterraneanShgCoAPM-MaerskCMACGMGroupCOSCOGroupHapag-LloydONE4,137,3693,488,8382,989,1681,923,6891,699,7721,689,778EvergreenLineHMM790,342705,614YangMingMarineZim568,728444,532WanHaiLines24Description:AsofSeptember30,2023,MediterraneanShippingCompany'sshipshadacapacityofaround5.3milliontwenty-footequivalentunits(TEUs),toppingtherankingsasthecarrierwiththelargestcapacity.ThecompanywasfollowedbyAPM-Maerskwhohadacapacityofroughly4.1millionTEUs.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;September30,2023Source(s):AlphalinerAPM?ller-M?rsk'srevenuefromFY2006toFY2022(inmillionU.S.dollars)APM?ller-M?rsk'srevenueA/S2006-202290,00080,00070,00081,52961,78760,00049,91749,49150,00040,00030,00020,00010,000045,55939,74039,25738,89037,90234,80633,90830,76931,18927,6462016200920102011201220132014201520172018201920202021202225/statistics/263965/revenue-of-ap-moeller-maersk-a-sA.P.M?ller-M?rskA/Sgeneratedaround81.5billionU.S.dollarsinrevenuein2022,asignificantincreasefromthepreviousyear.In2021,thesegmentofoceantransportationwasresponsibleformorethan76percentofA.P.M?ller-M?rsk'srevenue.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;FY2009toFY2022Source(s):MaerskThelargestcontainerportsworldwidein2022,basedonthroughput(inmillionTEUs)Largestcontainerportsworldwidebasedonthroughput2022ThroughputinmillionTEUs05101520253035404550ShanghaiSingapore47.2837.29Ningbo-ZhoushanShenzhen33.3630.04QingdaoGuangzhouBusan25.6624.622.0721.03TianjinLosAngeles/LongBeachHongKong19.0416.58Rotterdam14.46DubaiAntwerp-Bruges1413.4826Description:TheportofShanghaiwasthelargestcontainerportin2022,handlingcontainerswithacapacityofover47milliontwenty-footequivalentunits(TEU).In2022,nineoutofthetenbusiestcontainerportswerelocatedinAsia.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):PortofAntwerpShanghaiInternationalPort'srevenuefromFY2011toFY2022(inbillionU.S.dollars)ShanghaiInternationalPort'srevenueFY2011-2022655.75.65.25.24.74.74.74.64.64.5432103.73.320112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202227Description:Inthe2022fiscalyear,ShanghaiInternationalPortgeneratedrevenueofsome4.7billionU.S.dollars.Thisrepresentsadecreaseofaroundtenpercentcomparedwiththepreviousfiscalyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):China;FY2011toFY2022Source(s):Forbes;VarioussourcesMajormarineterminaloperatorsworldwidein2021,basedonequity-adjustedthroughput(inmilliontwenty-footequivalentunits)Majormarineterminaloperatorsworldwidebasedonthroughput2021ThroughputinmillionTEU010203040506070PSAInternationalChinaMerchantsPortsChinaCoscoShippingAPMTerminals63.450.44948HutchisonPortHoldingsTIL47.94728Description:In2021,PSAInternationalwastheworld'slargestterminaloperator.TheSingapore-headquarteredcompany'scontainerthroughputvolumecametoabout63.4milliontwenty-footequivalentunitsin2021.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021Source(s):DrewryPSAInternational'srevenuefromFY2009toFY2022(inmillionSingaporedollars)PSAInternational-revenue2009-20229,0008,0007,0006,0005,0007,9944,6704,3144,1794,0764,0864,0773,9683,8353,8303,7233,6804,0003,0002,0001,00003,5753,5732009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202229Description:PSAInternationalreportedrevenueofalmosteightbillionSingaporedollarsinthe2022financialyear.ThisrepresentsthehighestrevenueevergeneratedbythisSingapore-basedportoperatorandanincreaseofsome71percentcomparedwiththepreviousfiscalyear.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;FY2009toFY2022Source(s):PSAInternationalCHAPTER

04Shipbuilding&shipbreakingLargestshipbuildingnationsin2022,basedondeliveries(inmilliongrosstons)Largestshipbuildingnationsbasedongrosstonnage20224036.7353025201510523.715.60ChinaSouthKoreaJapan31Description:China,SouthKorea,andJapanweretheleadingshipbuildingnationsin2022.Chinacompletedshipswithacombinedgrosstonnageofaround36.7million.CSSC(ChinaStateShipbuildingCorporation)isChina'sleadingshipyard.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):BRSGlobalshipbuildingorderbookin2022,byvesseltype(units)Globalshipbuildingorderbook2022,byvesseltype1,2001,0319791,000800600400200045033314466ContainervesselsBulkcarriersTankersLNGDrycargoCruiseships32Description:Containershipswerethemostsought-aftervesseltypein2022withsome1,031orderbookshipsworldwide,mostofthemorderedinChina.Whilethenumberoftankersintheglobalorderbookdecreasedbetween2022and2021,thenumberofcontainershipsgrewbynearly37percent.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):BRSNumberofshipsintheworld'sleadingcontainershipoperators'orderbooksasofSeptember30,2023Numberoforderbookshipsoftheleadingcontainershipoperators2023Numberoforderbookships600204080100120140MediterraneanShgCoCMACGMGroupEvergreenLineCOSCOGroupZim12011571543636ONEMaersk32HMM2624WanHaiLinesX-PressFeedersGroupTSLines181616SinokorMerchantSITC1533Description:AsofSeptember30,2023,MediterraneanShippingCo.had120shipsinitsorderbook,thehighestincomparisontotheothershippingoperators.CMACGMGrouprankedsecondwith115shipsinitsorderbook,followedbyEvergreenLinewith71shipsinitsorderbook.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;September30,2023Source(s):AlphalinerOrderbookTEUsoftheworld'sleadingcontainershipoperatorsasofSeptember30,2023ContainershipoperatorsbasedonTEUcapacityofshipsinorderbook2023OrderbookTEUs600,000

800,0000200,000400,0001,000,0001,200,0001,400,0001,600,000MediterraneanShgCoCMACGMGroupCOSCOGroupEvergreenLineONE1,440,5111,205,138903,202825,218469,768401,200MaerskZimHMMHapag-LloydWanHaiLinesPIL286,924265,027251,976173,83688,000TSLinesSinokorMerchantMarine85,40870,55734/statistics/197671/orderbook-teus-of-worldwide-leading-containership-operators-in-2011AsofSeptember30,2023,MediterraneanShippingCompanyhadthehighestorderbookcapacityofaround1.4millionTEUs.Rankingsecond,CMACGMGrouphadshipswithacombinedcapacityofsome1.2twenty-footequivalentunitsinitsorderbook.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;September30,2023Source(s):AlphalinerNumberofocean-goingcommercialvesselsdismantledworldwidefrom2013to2022Numberofcommercialvesselsdismantledworldwide2013-20221,4001,2131,2001,0261,0008628357687638006004002000744674630443201320142015201620172018201920202021202235Description:Thenumberofcommercialvesselssoldtoshipbreakingyardsmorethanhalvedbetween2013and2022.In2022,some443vesselsweredismantledworldwide,themajorityofwhichwerescrappedintheIndiansubcontinent.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2013to2022Source(s):NGOShipbreakingPlatformNumberofocean-goingcommercialvesselsdismantledin2022,bycountryNumberofcommercialvesselsscrappedworldwidebycountry202214012712212010080604020069494333IndiaBangladeshTurkeyPakistanEURestoftheworld36Description:In2022,some443ocean-goingvesselsweredismantledworldwide.Ofthese,298werebrokendowninIndia,Bangladesh,andTurkey.Looseenvironmentalregulationsinthesecountrieshavegivenrisetoconcern.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):NGOShipbreakingPlatformCHAPTER

05Accidents&casualtiesCausesofshiplossesworldwidein2022,bytypeCausesofshiplossesworldwidebytype2022Numberoflosses051015202025Foundered(sunk,submerged)Fireorexplosion8Collision(involvingvessels)Wreckedorstranded(grounded)Machinerydamage/failureHulldamage(holed,cracks,etc.)432138Description:Founderedshipsaccountedfor20ofthe38shiplossesin2022.Cargoshipswerethemostlostvesseltypeatseain2022.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):Allianz;Lloyd'sListIntelligenceNumberofshiplossesworldwidebetween2013and2022,byvesseltypeWorldwideshiplossesbyvesseltype2013-2022Numberoflosses050100150200250300350CargoshipsFishingvesselsPassengershipsBulkcarriers311117705349TugboatsChemicalandproducttankersRo-roships3837ContainershipsOffshoreandsupplyvesselsDredgers271914BargesTankers1312LPG/LNGtankersUnknownvesselsOther473639/statistics/236250/looses-of-ships-worldwideBetween2013and2022,some807vesselswerelostatsea.Themajorityofshipslostduringthisperiod-around311-werecargoships.In2022,themostperilousregionsincludedthewatersofftheSoutheastAsiancoast,aswellastheBalticSea.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2013to2022Source(s):Allianz;Lloyd'sListIntelligenceNumberofpirateattacksagainstshipsworldwidefrom2010to2022Numberofpirateattacksworldwide2010-20225004454394504003503002502001501005029726424524620119519118016213