中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)課件

動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來(lái)表明主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，表示句子中的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，因此所有的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的動(dòng)詞都必須是及物動(dòng)詞，而不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。中職英語(yǔ)主要考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)三種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)及部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。be有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/aredoneOurteachersarerespected

byus.我們都很尊重我們的老師們。一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/weredoneThebicyclewasborrowedbyLucyyesterday.昨天自行車(chē)被露西借走了。時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)例句現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/arebeingdoneTwoparksare

being

built.兩個(gè)公園正在被修建。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/werebeingdoneTheflowerswere

being

watered

byheratthistimeyesterday.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候她正在澆這些花。時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)例句現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/arebeingdoneTwoparksare

being

built.兩個(gè)公園正在被修建。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/werebeingdoneTheflowerswere

being

watered

byheratthistimeyesterday.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候她正在澆這些花。時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)例句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasbeendoneTheyreallyhave

been

poorly

paid．他們的工資真的很低。過(guò)去完成時(shí)had

been

doneBythe

time

the

tornado

ended,more

than

700

people

had

been

killed.等龍卷風(fēng)過(guò)后,700多人遇難了。時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)例句一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shallbedoneistobedoneisabouttobedoneisgoingtobedoneThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.會(huì)議被推遲到星期五舉行。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would/shouldbedoneLastSundaythisprojectshouldbefinished,butitwouldn't.這個(gè)項(xiàng)目應(yīng)在上周日完成，但是沒(méi)有。注：①情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋done。Thebooksmaybekeptfortwoweeks.這些書(shū)應(yīng)該可以借兩周。②談到未曾想到的事故發(fā)生時(shí)或有intheend、atlast等狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用getdone表被動(dòng)。常用的有g(shù)ethurt(受傷)、getlost(迷路)、getkilled(被殺害)、getbroken(弄壞)等。如：Intheend,hegotcaught.最后他被抓住了。2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種特殊形式情形例句感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，還原to(感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中與省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式連用，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，還原to)Wemake

theboystandoutside.(主動(dòng))＝Theboywas

made

to

stand

outsidebyus.(被動(dòng))我們讓那個(gè)男孩站在外面。雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)句子(雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，可以將直接賓語(yǔ)變被動(dòng)，在間接賓語(yǔ)前加to或for，也可以將間接賓語(yǔ)變被動(dòng))Theygave

meabook.(主動(dòng))＝Abookwas

given

to

mebythem.(被動(dòng))＝Iwas

given

abookbythem.(被動(dòng))他們給了我一本書(shū)。情形例句動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)變被動(dòng)，保留介詞和副詞Sheoftenrefers

to

thisfactory.(主動(dòng))＝Thisfactoryisoftenreferred

to

byher.(被動(dòng))她常常提到這個(gè)工廠。Theboypicked

up

thoseflowers.(主動(dòng))＝Thoseflowerswerepicked

up

bytheboy.(被動(dòng))男孩撿起了那些花。情形例句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞say、consider、think、report、suggest、hope、know、believe等變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式：(1)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；(2)it作形式主語(yǔ)的句子Itissaidthat...據(jù)說(shuō)……Itisthoughtthat...據(jù)認(rèn)為……Itisconsideredthat...據(jù)認(rèn)為……Itishopedthat...希望……Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報(bào)道……Itissuggestedthat...據(jù)建議……Itiswell-knownthat...眾所周知……情形例句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞say、consider、think、report、suggest、hope、know、believe等變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式：(1)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；(2)it作形式主語(yǔ)的句子Itisbelievedthat...有人相信……Itisknownthatfootballisapopularsport.眾所周知，足球是一項(xiàng)流行的運(yùn)動(dòng)。Peoplesaysheisagreatwoman.(主動(dòng))＝Itissaidthatsheisagreatwoman.(被動(dòng))＝Sheissaidtobeagreatwoman.(被動(dòng))人們說(shuō)她是一個(gè)偉大的婦女。3.無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況情形例詞例句一些不及物動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)happen(發(fā)生)、appear(出現(xiàn))、last(延長(zhǎng))、cost(花費(fèi))、burstout(迸發(fā))、let(讓?zhuān)?、breakout(爆發(fā))Thewarbroke

out

in1937.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)于1937年。Themeetinglasted

fortwohours.會(huì)議持續(xù)了兩小時(shí)。Thecoatcost

me120yuan.這件外套花了我120元。情形例詞例句一些及物動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)fit(合身)、have(有)、hold(容納)、own(擁有)、takeplace(發(fā)生)、agreewith(同意)、arriveat/in(到達(dá))、succeedin(成功)、sufferfrom(遭受)、belongto(屬于)Thekeyjustfitthelock.這把鑰匙正好適合這把鎖。Yourstoryagreeswithwhathasalreadybeenheard.你的故事與聽(tīng)到的一致。Thestorytookplaceinthiscity.這個(gè)故事發(fā)生在這座城市。情形例詞例句系動(dòng)詞taste(嘗起來(lái))、feel(感到)、look(看起來(lái))、sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái))Goodmedicinetastesbitter.良藥苦口。Cottonfeelssoft.棉花摸起來(lái)很軟。Themanlookssad.那個(gè)人看起來(lái)很難過(guò)。Hisideasoundsverygreat.他的主意聽(tīng)起來(lái)很棒。4.主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的情況情形例詞例句表被動(dòng)意義的動(dòng)詞bestuck，beblocked，becaughtThebuswasstuckinthesnowyesterday.昨天公共汽車(chē)被困在雪中了。Theroadwasblocked.公路被封鎖了。Themanwascaughtinthestorm.那人被困在暴風(fēng)雨中。情形例詞例句系動(dòng)詞look,smell,taste，sound,feelYourtheorysoundsquitereasonable.你的理論聽(tīng)起來(lái)很合理。need/want/requiredoing＝need/want/requiretobedoneneed,want,require，deserveThewindowwants/requiresrepairing．窗戶(hù)需要(被)修補(bǔ)了。Theoldandthechildrenneedlookingafter.老人和孩子需要(被)照顧。情形例詞例句性質(zhì)形容詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式difficult,easy,hard,comfortable,pleasant,heavy,dangerousPhysicsishardtolearn.物理很難學(xué)。Theproblemiseasytoworkout.這個(gè)問(wèn)題很容易解決。Thequestionaskedbyhimishardtoanswer.他問(wèn)的問(wèn)題很難回答。情形例詞例句常與否定詞或副詞well、easily、badly連用的動(dòng)詞read,write,sell,open,close,lock,cook,cleanThesenewspaperssellwell.這些報(bào)紙賣(mài)得很好。Theballpenwriteswell.這支圓珠筆好寫(xiě)。情形例詞例句表起止、變化的動(dòng)詞begin,start,end,finish,change,improve,spread,turninto,turnoff,workoutOurlifeis

being

improvedcontinuously.我們的生活在不斷地改善。Thenewshas

spreadalloverthecity.消息傳遍了全城。一些固定動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)beworthdoingThebookis

well

worth

reading.這本書(shū)很值得讀。Thisclassicmovieis

worth

seeingtwice.這部經(jīng)典影片值得再看一次。(C)1.Thehouse________toayoungcouplelastweek.A.wasselling

B.issold

C.wassold

D.hassold(A)2.Anationalpark________herein1952.A.wascreated

B.hascreated

C.created

D.iscreated(B)3.Hurryup!Ourtrain________intenminutes.A.isleft

B.isleaving

C.hasleft

D.left(A)4.Oprah________hertelevisioncareerwhenshewas17.A.began

B.begins

C.hasbegun

D.isbeginning(D)5.Hewasmade________formorethantwohoursinheroffice.A.waited

B.waits

C.wait

D.towait(C)6.Ifyoudon'thurry,you________yourtrain.A