新高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題七并列復(fù)合句、主從復(fù)合句課件

專題七并列復(fù)合句、主從復(fù)合句高考

英語(yǔ)新高考、新教材適用語(yǔ)法清單綜合提升練目錄一、并列連詞與并列復(fù)合句二、名詞性從句三、定語(yǔ)從句四、狀語(yǔ)從句一、并列連詞與并列復(fù)合句并列連詞可用于連接并列的句子成分或分句,表示并列、順承、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、因果、對(duì)比等邏輯關(guān)系。1.

并列/順承/遞進(jìn)關(guān)系并列連詞意義示例and,both...and...和Wehad(both)thunderandlightninglastnight.昨夜電閃雷鳴。(表并列)Heturnedoffthelightandlefttheroom.他熄了燈,之后離開(kāi)了房間。(表順承)Shedidtheworkanddiditwell.她做了那項(xiàng)工作,而且做得很好。(表遞進(jìn))1.

并列/順承/遞進(jìn)關(guān)系并列連詞意義示例notonly...but(also)...不僅……而且……Thiskindofworkrequiresnotonlygoodskillbut(also)ahighsenseofresponsibility.這種工作不僅需要良好的技術(shù)，還需要高度的責(zé)任感。neither...nor...既不……也不……Shestoodonthespot,neitherlaughingnorcrying.她站在原地，既不哭也不笑。Sheisneithercontentwithherpresentlifenorcouldshechangeit.她既不滿足現(xiàn)在的生活，也無(wú)法改變它。溫馨提示

and還可以用于“祈使句+and+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“只要……就……”。Thinkitoveragainandyou'llfindawayout.只要你再想一下,就會(huì)想出解決辦法的。2.

轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系并列連詞意義示例but/yet但是,而,相反Heseesthetreesbutnottheforest.他只見(jiàn)樹(shù)木而不見(jiàn)森林。SheisAmerican,but/yetsheknowslittleaboutAmericanhistory.她是美國(guó)人，卻對(duì)美國(guó)歷史知之甚少。Thestrongestpeoplearenotalwaysthepeoplewhowin,butthepeoplewhodon'tgiveupwhentheylose.真正的強(qiáng)者并不總是獲勝的人，而是那些輸了卻并不放棄的人。3.

選擇關(guān)系并列連詞意義示例or或者It'snowornever.機(jī)不可失。Heorhisassistantsaretomeetyouattheairport.他或他的助手會(huì)去機(jī)場(chǎng)接你。Doityourselforasksomebodyelsetodoit.你自己做，或者請(qǐng)別人來(lái)做。either...or...要么……要么……IfI'mnotinclass,I'meitherinthelibraryorinthelab.要是我沒(méi)上課，就在圖書(shū)館或?qū)嶒?yàn)室。溫馨提示

or還可以用于“祈使句+or+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“否則”。Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.快點(diǎn)兒，否則你就要遲到了。4.

因果關(guān)系并列連詞意義示例so所以Shetoldmetodoit,soIdidit.她告訴我做那件事，所以我就做了。Itisfoggytoday,sowecan'tseethedistanthills.今天有霧，所以看不見(jiàn)遠(yuǎn)處的山巒。for因?yàn)镮tmusthaverained,forthegroundiswet.準(zhǔn)是下過(guò)雨了，因?yàn)榈孛媸菨竦摹剀疤崾?/p>

for用于連接并列分句時(shí)，通常需要用逗號(hào)與前一分句隔開(kāi)。5.

對(duì)比關(guān)系并列連詞意義示例while而，然而Wisemenseekafterthetruthwhilefoolsdespiseknowledge.智者求真理，愚人貶知識(shí)。6.when

when可用作并列連詞，相當(dāng)于andatthattime，常用于以下三種句式：用法意義示例sb.bedoing...when...某人正在做某事，這時(shí)另一件事突然發(fā)生Iwasplayingoutsidewhenitbegantorain.我正在外面玩，這時(shí)突然開(kāi)始下雨了。sb.beabouttodo...when...或sb.beonthepointofdoing...when...某人正要做某事，這時(shí)另一件事突然發(fā)生IwasabouttoturnoffmycomputerwhenIreceivedanemail.我正準(zhǔn)備關(guān)電腦，這時(shí)突然收到一封電子郵件。Shewasonthepointofgoingoutwhenthetelephonerang.她正要出去，電話鈴響了。sb.hadhardly/barely/scarcely

done...when...某人剛做完某事，這時(shí)另一件事突然發(fā)生Ihadhardlygotonthetrainwhenthetrainleft.我剛一上去，火車就開(kāi)了。1.Nothinggoodcancometoanationwhosepeopleonlycomplain

expect

otherstosolvetheirproblems.(人教B3U2)2.Ifyouthinkyoucan'tbereplacedbysoftware,

yourjobcan'tbeoutsourced

tosomerobotsonthemoon,youarewrong.(北師大XB3U7)3.EveryoneknowsthatLudwigvanBeethovenisamusicalgenius

fewmight

knowhowhecreatedSymphony

No.9in

D

minorandhowitsfirstshowwent.(北師大B3U7)4.Neithershe

herfriendsthoughtaboutmovingthestoneoutoftheroad.(人教B3U2)andorbut/yet即練即清1nor5.Youmayhavespentyearsgivingupyourweekendsandfreetimetowriteyourlife's

work,

stillthisisoftennotenough.(外研XB1U2)6.ItissaidthatnownearlyhalfofallAustraliancitizenswereeitherbornoverseas

haveparentswhowerebornoverseas.(人教XB4U2)7.Fromourresearchexperienceindiscoveringartemisinin(青蒿素),welearntthewisdom

behindbothChinese

Westernmedicine.(北師大B2U6)8.Bothhisfatherandmotherweresuccessfulactorsandsingers,

itwasnaturalforhimtofollowintheirfootsteps.(北師大XB2U4)but/yetorandso即練即清1二、名詞性從句名詞性從句在句子中起名詞的作用，可在主從復(fù)合句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)，因此，名詞性從句可分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。名詞性從句使用陳述句語(yǔ)序，時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意義確定。1.

主語(yǔ)從句分類引導(dǎo)詞示例從屬連詞that(無(wú)實(shí)義)、whether(是否)只起連接作用，不作成分，一般不省略(常用it作形式主語(yǔ))Thathesurvivedtheaccidentisamiracle.他在這場(chǎng)事故中幸免于難,真是個(gè)奇跡。Whethertheworkcanbecompletedontimeisdoubtful.這項(xiàng)工作未必能按時(shí)完成。Itislikelythathecan'tcometothemeeting.他可能不能來(lái)參加會(huì)議了。It'snowonderthatyou'veachievedsomuchsuccess.難怪你取得了這么大的成功。Itisrequestedthatpassengersshouldfastentheirseatbelts.乘客被要求系好安全帶。Itturnedoutthatthismethoddoesn'tworkwell.結(jié)果是這方法不太管用。1.

主語(yǔ)從句分類引導(dǎo)詞示例連接代詞who、whom、whose、what、which、whatever等Whatmakesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.讓這本書(shū)如此非凡的是作者富有創(chuàng)造性的想象力。(在從句中作主語(yǔ))Whosheisdoesn'tconcernus.她是誰(shuí)與我們無(wú)關(guān)。(在從句中作表語(yǔ))Whichteamhaswonthegameisnotknownyet.還不知道哪個(gè)隊(duì)贏了這場(chǎng)比賽。(在從句中作定語(yǔ))WhateverIhaveisatyourservice.我擁有的一切你盡管使用。(在從句中作賓語(yǔ))1.

主語(yǔ)從句分類引導(dǎo)詞示例連接副詞when、where、why、how、whenever等Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.我們?cè)谀睦镩_(kāi)會(huì)都無(wú)所謂。Whenwebeginthetripisstillaquestion.我們何時(shí)開(kāi)始這次旅行仍懸而未決。Howthisaccidenthappenedisstillunknown.這場(chǎng)事故是怎么發(fā)生的還不清楚。Whyshewasabsentremainsamystery.她為什么缺席仍然是個(gè)謎。2.

賓語(yǔ)從句分類引導(dǎo)詞示例從屬連詞that(無(wú)實(shí)義)、whether/if(是否)只起連接作用,不作成分Iwish(that)shewouldunderstandme.我希望她能理解我。Thepolicemanconfirms(that)adroppedcigaretteendonacarpetstartedthefireandthattheautomaticfirealarmsdidnotgooffquicklyenoughtopreventthedisaster.警察證實(shí),一根掉在地毯上的煙頭引起了火災(zāi),而自動(dòng)火警報(bào)警器沒(méi)有及時(shí)報(bào)警以避免災(zāi)難的發(fā)生。(多個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句并列時(shí),只有第一個(gè)that可省略,從第二個(gè)開(kāi)始,that一般不省略)Ishouldphoneherandseeif/whethershe'savailablefordinner.我得給她打個(gè)電話,看看她是否有空一起吃晚飯。(及物動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句,if/whether均可)2.

賓語(yǔ)從句分類引導(dǎo)詞示例從屬連詞that(無(wú)實(shí)義)、whether/if(是否)只起連接作用,不作成分Italldependsonwhetherwehavedeterminationandcourage.這完全取決于我們是否有決心和勇氣。(介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句,只能用whether)Shecouldn'tdecidewhetherornotshewouldbuythehouse.她無(wú)法決定是否買那幢房子。(ornot緊跟其后時(shí),只能用whether)2.

賓語(yǔ)從句分類引導(dǎo)詞示例連接代詞who、whom、whose、what、

which、whichever等Wordsdon'talwaysmeanwhattheyseemtomean.話語(yǔ)常有弦外之音。(在從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ))Ithinkitalldependsonwho/whomyou'retalkingto.我覺(jué)得這完全取決于你在跟誰(shuí)說(shuō)話。(在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ))Theeditordecideswhichwillbethemostimportantstoryonthefrontpage.編輯決定哪篇報(bào)道最重要,安排在頭版。(在從句中作主語(yǔ))Idon'tknowwhosethatis.我不知道那是誰(shuí)的。(在從句中作表語(yǔ))Youmaytakewhicheverbookwillinterestyou.哪本書(shū)讓你覺(jué)得感興趣,你就可以拿哪本。(在從句中作定語(yǔ))2.

賓語(yǔ)從句分類引導(dǎo)詞示例連接副詞when、where、why、how、whenever等Hedidn'ttellmewhenwecouldmeetagain.他沒(méi)告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見(jiàn)。Iwonderwhyyoudon'ttellmeaboutthefact.我想知道你為什么不告訴我真相。Theycouldn'timaginewherehehadbeenonsuchastormynight.他們想不出,在那樣的暴風(fēng)雨之夜,他到什么地方去了。3.

表語(yǔ)從句分類引導(dǎo)詞示例從屬連詞that(無(wú)實(shí)義)、whether(是否)只起連接作用,不作成分,一般不省略Mysuggestionisthatyoushouldalwaysbeconfident.我的建議是你應(yīng)該始終自信。Thequestioniswhetherweshouldinvestinthisproject.問(wèn)題是我們是否應(yīng)該投資這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。because(因?yàn)?ThereasonI'mhereisbecauseIwishtolendahand.我來(lái)這里是因?yàn)槲蚁霂兔Αsif/asthough(好像)At3:42a.m.,everythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!凌晨3:42,萬(wàn)物開(kāi)始搖晃,仿佛世界末日即將來(lái)臨!3.

表語(yǔ)從句分類引導(dǎo)詞示例連接代詞who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever等Theyarewhattheyusedtobe.他們依然如故。(在從句中作表語(yǔ))Theproblemiswhichpassengershouldberesponsiblefortheaccident.問(wèn)題是哪位乘客應(yīng)該對(duì)事故負(fù)責(zé)。(在從句中作定語(yǔ))Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.問(wèn)題是我們能找誰(shuí)接替她。(在從句中作賓語(yǔ))連接副詞when、where、why、how、whenever等Homeiswhereyoucanfindloveandcare.家是你能夠找到愛(ài)和關(guān)懷的地方。That'showtheIndiansmadetheirliving.那就是印第安人謀生的方式。WhatIwanttoknowiswhenhewillbeback.我想知道的是他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。4.

同位語(yǔ)從句

同位語(yǔ)從句通常用于對(duì)主句中的名詞（多為抽象名詞）進(jìn)行解釋，說(shuō)明其具體內(nèi)容。后接同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有：

belief信念 decision決定 doubt懷疑 explanation解釋

evidence證據(jù) fact/truth事實(shí) feeling感覺(jué) hope希望

idea主意 news消息 opinion觀點(diǎn) possibility可能性

problem問(wèn)題 promise承諾 suggestion建議 thought想法

wish愿望4.

同位語(yǔ)從句分類引導(dǎo)詞示例從屬連詞that(無(wú)實(shí)義)、whether(是否)只起連接作用,不作成分,一般不省略Tearsfilledhereyesatthethought

thatshemightneverseehimagain.一想到可能再也見(jiàn)不到他了,她滿眼是淚。Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheidea

thatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.重讀的美妙之處在于我們與作品的聯(lián)系基于我們當(dāng)前的思想狀態(tài)。Hemustanswerthequestion

whetherheagreeswithitornot.他必須回答他是否同意這個(gè)問(wèn)題。4.

同位語(yǔ)從句分類引導(dǎo)詞示例連接代詞what、who等Shehadgiventhemahint

whattheyshoulddo.她暗示他們應(yīng)該做什么。Theyhaven'tsolvedtheproblem

whoshouldbeinchargeofthekeyproject.他們還沒(méi)有解決由誰(shuí)來(lái)負(fù)責(zé)那項(xiàng)重點(diǎn)工程的問(wèn)題。連接副詞when、where、why、how等Wehaven'tyetsettledthequestion

whenandwherewearegoingtospendourvacation.我們還沒(méi)有決定什么時(shí)候、去哪兒度假。Ihavenoidea

whyheresigned.我不明白他為何辭職。Heputforwardthequestion

howwecangetthefund.他提出了我們?cè)鯓硬拍艿玫竭@筆資金的問(wèn)題。1.Afterall,homeis

allfamilymembersaretogether.(譯林B2U3)2.Butweneedtokeepinmind

whatweseeonsocialmediaisoftennotthe

wholetruthaboutaperson.(外研B1U4)3.Atfirst,XieLeihadnoideawhatsheshouldsay,but

surprisedherwasthat

shefoundherselfspeakingupinclassafterjustafewweeks.(人教XB2U2)4.Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefact

chemicalfarmingservesthehigh

demandforfoodaroundtheworld.(人教XB1U5)wherethatwhatthat即練即清25.However,

itwaspossibletodevelopahybridofself-pollinatingplantssuchasricewasamatterofgreatdebate.(人教XB1U5)6.AlthoughithasbeenprovedthatFranklin'sexperimenttookplace,morethanonescien-

tisthasquestioned

reallyhappened.(外研B3U3)7.Itisbelieved

thispoemwaswrittenbyLiBaiinhisteenageyears.(譯林XB1U4)8.Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisis

aboutseventy-onepercentofits

surfaceiscoveredbywater.即練即清2whetherwhatbecausethat三、定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句是修飾主句中某一名詞（短語(yǔ)）或代詞（有時(shí)也可以修飾整個(gè)主句或主句的一部分）的從句，被修飾的對(duì)象稱為先行詞，一般由關(guān)系詞（包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞）引導(dǎo)，作用相當(dāng)于形容詞。Ifyouhaveafriend

[

whoknowsyourheart],distancecan'tkeepyoutwoapart.先行詞關(guān)系詞

限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句特點(diǎn)起限定作用，與先行詞關(guān)系緊密，不可省略，否則會(huì)造成句意不完整僅作補(bǔ)充或說(shuō)明，若省略，句意不發(fā)生改變形式一般緊跟先行詞，且中間不加逗號(hào)用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)先行詞名詞（短語(yǔ)）或代詞名詞（短語(yǔ)）、代詞、整個(gè)主句或主句的一部分引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞（作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略）、關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞（不包括that,且作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略）、關(guān)系副詞（不包括why）示例Hehastwosisterswhoareworkinginthecity.他有兩個(gè)在這座城市工作的妹妹。(他可能還有別的不在這座城市工作的妹妹)Hehastwosisters,whoareworkinginthecity.他有兩個(gè)妹妹,都在這座城市工作。1.

定語(yǔ)從句的分類2.

關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞用法示例that只用于引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞指人或物,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略Heisamanthat/whomeanswhathesays.他是一個(gè)說(shuō)話算數(shù)的人。(指人,作主語(yǔ))Heisnolongertheboythat/whohewastwentyyearsago.他再不是20年前的那個(gè)男孩子了。(指人,作表語(yǔ))Thebook(that/which)youarereadingiswrittenbyMarkTwain.你正在讀的那本書(shū)是馬克·吐溫寫(xiě)的。(指物,作賓語(yǔ))Footballisagamethat/whichislikedbymostboys.足球是大多數(shù)男孩喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。(指物,作主語(yǔ))Theman(who/whom/that)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.你剛才遇見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人是我的老朋友。(指人,作賓語(yǔ))which先行詞指物,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略who先行詞指人,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略whom先行詞指人,在從句中作賓語(yǔ),一般可省略2.

關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞用法示例whose先行詞指人或物,在從句中作定語(yǔ)(可與ofwhom/which互換)Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhose/ofwhomhomeshadbeendestroyed.工人們?yōu)榧覉@被毀的幸存者修建避難所。(指人)Inthisarticle,we'lltalkaboutatypeofcomfortfoodwhose/ofwhichpowermainlyliesintheassociationsitcallstomind.在本文里,我們要講一類治愈系食物,它的力量主要在于它所喚起的聯(lián)想。(指物)2.

關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞用法示例as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞指人或物，通常與such、thesame等連用，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)；引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞只能是整個(gè)主句SuchbooksasIhavereadareclassicalworks.我所讀過(guò)的書(shū)都是些經(jīng)典著作。(指物,作賓語(yǔ))Mytroubleisthesameasyoursis.我的困難同你的一樣。(指物,作表語(yǔ))Shebecameangry,asmanycouldsee.她生氣了,許多人都看得出。(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)（1）that和which當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞既可以用that，又可以用which。但下列幾種情況下宜用that不用which：3.

易混關(guān)系代詞辨析情況示例當(dāng)先行詞是everything、anything、nothing、all、none、few、little、some等不定代詞，或被every、any、all、some、no、little、few、much等修飾時(shí)Thereislittle

thatIcandoforyou.幾乎沒(méi)有什么我能為你做的了。Haveyoutakendowneverything

thatMr.Lisaid?李老師說(shuō)的話你都記下來(lái)了嗎?當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwasBigBen.在倫敦他們參觀的第一個(gè)地方是大本鐘。（1）that和which當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞既可以用that，又可以用which。但下列幾種情況下宜用that不用which：3.

易混關(guān)系代詞辨析情況示例當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。當(dāng)先行詞被thevery、theonly等修飾時(shí)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcarwastheonlythingthat

heowned.家里發(fā)生火災(zāi)后,那輛舊車是他唯一擁有的東西。當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)Theytalkedaboutthepeopleandthings

thattheysawinthatcountry.他們談?wù)撛谀莻€(gè)國(guó)家見(jiàn)到的人和事。

aswhich從句位置可置于句首、句中、句末從句一般只能置于先行詞后先行詞只能是整個(gè)主句可以是名詞或代詞,也可以是整個(gè)主句或主句的部分內(nèi)容意義通常表示對(duì)主句內(nèi)容的評(píng)論或解釋,意為“正如,好像”表示對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明（2）as和whichas、which都可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，區(qū)別如下：3.

易混關(guān)系代詞辨析

aswhich示例AsAristotlesaid,noonewouldchoosetolivewithoutfriends,evenifhehadallothergoods.正如亞里士多德所說(shuō):沒(méi)有人愿意過(guò)百善俱全而獨(dú)缺朋友的生活。(置于句首)Overeating,asisknowntoall,isthemaincauseof

obesity.眾所周知,吃得過(guò)多是肥胖癥的主要原因。(置于句中)Thenighthasturnedcold,asisusualaroundhere.夜晚變得很冷,這一帶經(jīng)常如此。(置于句末)Inthesameyear,goldwasdiscoverednearSanFrancisco,whichstartedagoldrush.同年,舊金山附近發(fā)現(xiàn)黃金,引發(fā)了淘金熱。(先行詞是整個(gè)主句)Thesun,whichhadhiddenallday,came

outinfullsplendor.整天躲在云層里的太陽(yáng)又光芒四射了。(先行詞是名詞sun)（2）as和which3.

易混關(guān)系代詞辨析當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常將介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前，構(gòu)成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，又可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞指人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常用whom；先行詞指物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常用which。此時(shí)，whom和which不可省略。4.

介詞+關(guān)系代詞which/whomThisisthepenwithwhichIwrotetheletter.這是我寫(xiě)這封信用的那支鋼筆。(限制性定語(yǔ)從句)Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasingleperson,towhomshecouldturnforhelp.在黑暗的街道上，她無(wú)人可以求助。(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)關(guān)系副詞用法示例when先行詞通常是表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ),在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(可與at/in/on/duringwhich互換)Therecomesatimewhen/inwhichtheoldmustgivewaytothenew.新舊更替的時(shí)代已經(jīng)到來(lái)。Autumnistheseasonwhen/inwhichtreesshedtheirleaves.秋天是樹(shù)木落葉的季節(jié)。where先行詞通常是表示具體地點(diǎn)的詞,也可以是表示抽象地點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)(如degree、point、situation、stage等),在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(可與at/inwhich互換)Inmanyoftheplaceswhere/inwhichthebutterflycanbefound,peoplearedestroyingthenaturalenvironment.在許多可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這種蝴蝶的地方,人們正破壞那里的自然環(huán)境。(具體地點(diǎn))Shehadgottothepointwhere/atwhichshefeltthatshecould

nottakeanymore.她已經(jīng)到了忍無(wú)可忍的地步。(抽象地點(diǎn))Hegotintoasituationwhereitishardtodecidewhatisright

andwrong.他陷入了難以判斷對(duì)錯(cuò)的境地。(抽象地點(diǎn))5.

關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞用法示例why先行詞是reason,在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)(可與forwhich互換)Tellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyouwereabsentyesterday.告訴我你昨天缺席的原因。5.

關(guān)系副詞1.Thestatuesfillonlyonepartoftheemperor'shugetomb,

stillhasnotbeen

completelyunearthed.(人教B1U2)2.Peopleinmoderntimescanreadtheclassicworks

werewrittenbyChinese

inancienttimes.(人教B1U5)3.

theChinesesayinggoes,“Akind-heartedpersonlivesalonglife.”(外研B3U2)4.Afterseveralmonths,Ryanhadraisedthe$2,000,with

awellwasbuilt

nearaprimaryschoolinUganda.(外研B3U2)whichthat/whichAswhich即練即清35.Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,asitwasatime

peopleweredividedgeographically,leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.

(人教B1U5)6.InPrague,Wintonsawpeoplelivinginterribleconditionsand

liveswerein

danger.(外研B3U2)7.Thenumberofpeople

werekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmore

than400,000.(人教B1U4)8.Asyougothroughyourdailylife,youwillencountermanydifficultsituations

thingsmaygowrong.(譯林XB4U1)whenwhosethat/whowhere即練即清3四、狀語(yǔ)從句1.

各類狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分類引導(dǎo)詞示例時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when、while、asAsitgrewdarker,itbecamecolder.天漸黑,越發(fā)冷起來(lái)了。(隨著)As/Whenhefinishedthespeech,theaudienceburstintoapplause.他講話結(jié)束的時(shí)候,聽(tīng)眾掌聲雷動(dòng)。(接短暫性動(dòng)詞,表示動(dòng)作前后發(fā)生)He'sbeenwatchingTVas/when/whilehiswifehasbeenwateringtheflowers.他妻子在澆花的時(shí)候,他一直在看電視。(接延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,表示動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生)before、afterHerushedoutoftheofficebeforeIrealizedwhatwashappening.我還沒(méi)意識(shí)到發(fā)生了什么事,他就沖出了辦公室。Thehousewasemptyaftertheymovedout.他們搬走后,這座房子就空了。四、狀語(yǔ)從句1.

各類狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分類引導(dǎo)詞示例時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句till/untilShestoodtheretill/untilhepassedoutofsight.她站在那里,直到望不見(jiàn)他的身影。Untiltheyhadfinishedthework,theydidnotgohome.他們直到工作完成了才回家。(置于句首時(shí),一般不用till)sinceIfeelmuchhappiersinceIstartedmynewjob.自從我開(kāi)始了新工作,我感覺(jué)快活多了。onceYoucan'tcancelthecontractonceyou'vesigned.你一旦簽了字就不能取消合同。四、狀語(yǔ)從句1.

各類狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分類引導(dǎo)詞示例時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句assoonas、thefirsttime、themoment等ThesummerheathitmeassoonasIgotofftheflight.一下飛機(jī),就有一股暑熱襲來(lái)。Mycathaddisappearedthemomentthestormhit.暴風(fēng)雨襲來(lái)的那一刻我的貓就失蹤了。IfellinlovewithDream

of

the

Red

Chamber

thefirsttimeIreadit.我第一次讀到《紅樓夢(mèng)》時(shí)就喜歡上了它。四、狀語(yǔ)從句1.

各類狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分類引導(dǎo)詞示例條件狀語(yǔ)從句if、unlessIfwewantlight,wemustconquerdarkness.如果我們想要光明,就得征服黑暗。Ishallgotomorrowunlessitrains.如果明天不下雨,我就要走了。as/solongas、incaseAslongasyoukeepontrying,youwillsurelysucceed.只要你繼續(xù)努力,你就必定會(huì)成功。IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutit.萬(wàn)一我忘了這件事,請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐?。giventhat、onconditionthat等GiventhatIhaveenoughmoney,I'lltravelaroundtheworld.鑒于我有足夠的錢,我要去周游世界。HeagreedtolendmehiscaronconditionthatIreturnitbytomorrow.他同意借給我他的車,但條件是在明天之前歸還。四、狀語(yǔ)從句1.

各類狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分類引導(dǎo)詞示例原因狀語(yǔ)從句because、since、asYoushouldn'tgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.不應(yīng)該僅僅因?yàn)橛腥苏f(shuō)你的壞話就生氣。(直接原因,語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng))Sincetheroadiswet,itmusthaverained.路是濕的,一定是下過(guò)雨了。(表示附帶說(shuō)明,語(yǔ)氣弱于because)Asitwasgettinglate,Idecidedtobookintoahotel.由于天色已晚,我決定去一家旅館住宿。(語(yǔ)氣最弱)四、狀語(yǔ)從句1.

各類狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分類引導(dǎo)詞示例原因狀語(yǔ)從句now(that)、inthat、considering

(that)等Now(that)theygottoknoweachotheralittlebetter,theygetalongjustfine.由于彼此之間有了進(jìn)一步了解,他們相處得不錯(cuò)。Theoryisvaluableinthatitcanprovideadirectionforpractice.理論之所以有價(jià)值,就在于它能給實(shí)踐指出方向。Considering(that)therearesomanychallengestodealwith,areyoustilloptimisticaboutthefutureofVR?考慮到需要應(yīng)對(duì)這么多挑戰(zhàn),你對(duì)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的未來(lái)還抱有樂(lè)觀心態(tài)嗎?四、狀語(yǔ)從句1.

各類狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分類引導(dǎo)詞示例讓步狀語(yǔ)從句although、though、as、whileHonestadvicebenefitsconductthough/althoughit'sunpleasanttotheear.忠言逆耳利于行。Happyas/thoughtheywere,therewassomethingmissing.盡管他們很快樂(lè),但總?cè)鄙冱c(diǎn)什么。(as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句必須倒裝,though可倒可不倒)WhileI'mwillingtohelp,Idon'thavemuchtimeavailable.盡管我愿意幫忙,但是沒(méi)有多少時(shí)間。(while通常置于句首)eventhough/ifTheInternethasmadeitpossibleforfriendstokeepintoucheasilyeventhough/iftheyareonoppositesidesoftheworld.即使天各一方,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)也能使朋友輕松保持聯(lián)系。四、狀語(yǔ)從句1.

各類狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分類引導(dǎo)詞示例讓步狀語(yǔ)從句疑問(wèn)詞+-ever、nomatter+疑問(wèn)詞等Youcanstayintouchwithfriendsnomatterwhereyouareorwhatyouaredoing.無(wú)論你在哪里,在做什么,都可以和朋友保持聯(lián)系。Wecandownloadsoftware,documents,andimageswheneverweneed

them.在任何需要的時(shí)候,我們可以下載軟件、文檔和圖片。四、狀語(yǔ)從句1.

各類狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分類引導(dǎo)詞示例目的狀語(yǔ)從句sothat、inorderthatItisveryimportanttoprotectwildlivessothathumankindcanstillliveonearth.保護(hù)好野生生物極為重要,這樣人類才能繼續(xù)在地球上生存。(往往有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)Wetalkedquietlyinorderthatweshouldnotdisturbtheotherpassengers.我們小聲說(shuō)話,以免打擾別的旅客。incase、forfearthat等Takeanumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.帶把傘,以防下雨。Theyhidthemselvesbehindsomebushesforfearthattheenemyfoundthem.他們躲在樹(shù)叢后面,以防被敵人發(fā)現(xiàn)。四、狀語(yǔ)從句1.

各類狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分類引導(dǎo)詞示例結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句sothat、so...that、such...that等Hemadeawrongdecision,sothathalfofhislifetimewaswasted.他做了錯(cuò)誤的決定,結(jié)果毀掉了半生。ShespokesoquietlythatIcouldhardlyhearher.她說(shuō)話輕得我?guī)缀趼?tīng)不見(jiàn)。Itisexpandingatsucharatethatwecanonlyimaginewhatitwillcompriseinthefuture.它飛速擴(kuò)張,我們只能想象它將來(lái)會(huì)包含什么。方式狀語(yǔ)從句asDoasyouwouldbedoneby.你要人家怎樣待你,你就要怎樣待人。asif/thoughThelittleboyspokeasifhewereagrown-up.那小男孩說(shuō)起話來(lái)像個(gè)大人似的。四、狀語(yǔ)從句1.

各類狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分類引導(dǎo)詞示例比較狀語(yǔ)從句as...as...、notas/so...as...It'snotas/sosmoothasIthought.這沒(méi)有我想象的那么順利。thanThetimeavailableislessthanwehadhopedfor.可利用的時(shí)間比我們?cè)认Ｍ纳佟５攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句where、wherever等Wherethereislife,thereishope.有生命就有希望。We'llgowhereveryousay.你說(shuō)去哪兒我們就去哪。Imaginehersurprisewhenshesawthegoldcoinswherethestonehadbeen!想象一下,當(dāng)她看到原先石頭所在之處的金幣時(shí)有多么驚訝!情況示例當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致,且謂語(yǔ)中含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí),常省略從句主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞When(hewas)askingtheteacher,hewaspolite.他向老師問(wèn)問(wèn)題時(shí)很有禮貌。Sendthegoodsnowif(theyare)ready.貨物如已備好,請(qǐng)立即郵寄。Agreatman,though(heis)dead,yetlives.偉大的人雖死猶生。當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)是it,且謂語(yǔ)中含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí),常省略it和be動(dòng)詞I'llgotheremyselfwhen(itis)possible.可能的時(shí)候我會(huì)親自去那里。Putacommawhere(itis)needed.在需要的地方加上逗號(hào)。Thematter,if(itis)wellhandled,willbenefitusalot.這件事如果處理得好,會(huì)對(duì)我們大有益處。有些狀語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)會(huì)省略與主句相同的成分Ishallgoshoppingifyoudon't(go).如果你不去購(gòu)物,我就去。2.

狀語(yǔ)從句的省略溫馨提示after、before、because引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句無(wú)此用法。1.MyadviserrecommendedthatIshouldsignupforadvancedliterature

IlikeEnglishandI'mgoodatit.(人教B1U1)2.

Chinaplaysagreaterroleinglobalaffairs,anincreasingnumberofinternationalstudentsarebeginningtoappreciateChina'scultureandhistorythroughthisamazinglan-guage.(人教B1U5)3.Hehadmetwonderfulteachersfromsmallvillagesduringhisearlyschoolyearsandhewasinspiredbythemtogoandteach

hewasneededthemost.(北師大B1U1）4.

itisover500yearsold,itlooksasfreshandfulloflifeasthedayitwascreated.(人教XB3U1)5.

wedon'tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbe

gone.because/since/asAswhere即練即清4Although/Though/WhileIf1.Andifyoustudyfestivalscarefully,youmaybesurprisedtofind

differentculturesactuallyhavealotincommonafterall.(人教B3U1)2.Overtime,

thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.3.PerhapsthebestexampleisshownbyUNESCO,

runsaprogrammethat

preventsworldculturalheritagesitesaroundtheworldfromdisappearing.(人教B2U1)4.Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesiretoexplorethe

universeneverdied.Thisis

peoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingon

spaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.(人教B3U4)thatas/whenwhichbecause5.Whenthetrainarrivedatthestation,theytookataxitoLakeLouise,

the

bluewaterliterallytooktheirbreathawaywithitsexceptionalbeauty.(人教XB2U4)6.

thestudentscamefromdifferentcountries,theygotalong

quitewellinthesummercamp.7.However,whatweeatisn'tthemostimportantthing.What'simportantis

weeatitwith.(北師大B1U3)8.Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseoflonggu—animalbonesandshellson

symbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.(人教B1U5)whereAlthough/Though/Whilewho/whomwhich9.Thereisconcern

theconstructioncompanythatbuiltthetowerblockhadnotfollowedfiresafetyrules.(譯林XB2U1)10.ThemajorityofresidentsinChinatownarestillethnicChinese,manyof

donotspeakEnglishfluently.(人教B3U3)11.Attheinformationdeskattheentrance,Iaskedalady

theshoesection

was.(外研B1U2)12.Ihadbeenwaitingwithmyfellowgraduatingstudentsforthemoment

I

wouldwalkoutontothestagetoreceivemydegreecertificate.(譯林XB4U4)13.Shehasthewindowopen,

colditisoutside.thatwhomwherewhenhowever14.Onewomantrippedoverthestone

herwaterpotwentcrashingtotheground.(人教B3U2)15.Theseterraces(梯田)alsoprovideaperfectenvironmentforbirdsandfish,someof

feedoninsectsthatcanharmthericecrops.(外研B1U6)16.Whetherbigorsmall,whatallourchoiceshaveincommonis

theyleadto

specificconsequences.(外研XB4U1)