英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)翻譯核心語(yǔ)法和詞匯

2014年12月英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)翻譯核心語(yǔ)法鞏固翻譯考試一直是一些考生的軟肋，那么怎樣輕松拿下四六級(jí)而不在翻譯這里丟分呢?以下是小編為大家整理的四六級(jí)翻譯核心語(yǔ)法，希望對(duì)各位考生有所幫助!改革后的英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)翻譯難度加大自是不言而喻，但是以前翻譯中常考的重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)在現(xiàn)在的段落翻譯中仍然值得我們重視，語(yǔ)法知識(shí)相對(duì)比較固定，考查起來(lái)又比較細(xì)致，考生必須面面俱到，除了熟練掌握?？贾匾Z(yǔ)法知識(shí)，一些細(xì)枝末節(jié)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)也不能放過，從一開始我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)，語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)就一直沒有間斷過，但是針對(duì)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考試，我們還要對(duì)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的復(fù)習(xí)與鞏固，將以前所學(xué)的所有語(yǔ)法知識(shí)串聯(lián)起來(lái)，打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。為了方便各位考生在新學(xué)期開學(xué)、英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)復(fù)習(xí)伊始階段對(duì)以往學(xué)習(xí)的語(yǔ)法有個(gè)全面的了解，小編特為大家整理了這篇英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)翻譯核心語(yǔ)法其中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣知識(shí)，希望大家認(rèn)真掌握，為后期的復(fù)習(xí)打好基礎(chǔ)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣：與事實(shí)相反的一、主語(yǔ)從句：1、itis+adj\\nthat+虛擬2、itis+done(表示建議、要求)that+虛擬二、賓語(yǔ)從句：1、Isuggest(表示命令;建議;請(qǐng)求)that……shoule+do……(在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，shoulehavedone=oughttohavedone,其他時(shí)候should不等于oughtto)2、Iwishthat……(用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)三、目的狀語(yǔ)：Lest或者forfearthat+(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)shoulddo四、if從句：即主句……,if從句……1、倒裝代替if從句：Had\\Were\\Should……，主句……2、butfor=without(如果不是)代替if從句，兩個(gè)都是介詞Butfor\\without+名詞，主句……3、with+名詞，主句……4、ifonly+(if從句)要是……該多好五、隱藏虛擬語(yǔ)氣：本打算做但結(jié)果沒有做的1、hadhoped\\intended\\planned\\expected\\wanted\\meanttodo2、hopedtohavedone3、be(was\\were)+tohavedone4、would\\shouldliketohavedoneWouldhavedone表意愿、將來(lái)Shouldhavedone竟然做了、本應(yīng)該做的Couldhavedone有能力做Mighthavedone表示猜測(cè)Needhavedone本來(lái)需要做的卻沒有做主從句時(shí)間不一致情況下的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和結(jié)果與主句中的動(dòng)作，發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動(dòng)作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。如：1.從句表示將來(lái)，主句表示過去：⑴、IfIwerenottomakeapreparationformyexperimentthisafternoon,Iwouldhavegonetoseethefilmwithyoulastnight.2.從句表示過去，主句表示將來(lái)：⑴、Iftheyhadstartedtheearlymorningyesterday,theywouldbeherenow.⑵、Ifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparations,weshouldn'tdaretodotheexperimentnextweek。3.從句表示將來(lái)，主句表示現(xiàn)在：⑴、Ifweshouldn'thaveanexamthisafternoon,Iwouldgoshoppingnow.4.從句表示過去，主句表示現(xiàn)在。⑴、Iftheyhadstaredtheearlymorningyesterday,theywouldbeherenow.⑵、Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.5.從句表示過去，主句表示過去和現(xiàn)在⑴、Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.在不少情況下，虛擬式已變成習(xí)慣說法，很難找出其暗含的條件。(1)、Youwouldn’tknow.你不會(huì)知道。(2)、wouldliketocome.我愿意來(lái)。(3)、Iwouldn’thavedreamedofit.這是我做夢(mèng)也不會(huì)想到的。(4)、Hetoldthestoryinsuchminutedetailthathemighthimselfhavebeenaneye-witness.他將那事講的非常仔細(xì)，簡(jiǎn)直就象他親眼看見一樣。6.從句表示現(xiàn)在，主句表示過去⑴、IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.如果我是你，我就去參加她的生日晚會(huì)了。(從句說明現(xiàn)在，主句說明過去。)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯必備分類詞匯(1)概述GeneralTerms愛國(guó)主義精神patriotism誠(chéng)實(shí)守信honesty全民健身運(yùn)動(dòng)nationwide集體主義collectivism為人民服務(wù)servingthepeople重要文化遺產(chǎn)majorculturalheritage優(yōu)秀民間藝術(shù)outstandingfolkarts公民道德建設(shè)實(shí)施綱要TheProgramforImprovingCivicMorality弘揚(yáng)主旋律，提倡多樣化highlightthecentralthemeofthetimeswhileencouragingdiversityfitnesscampaign社會(huì)公德，職業(yè)道德和家庭美德教育educationinsocialandprofessionalethicsandfamilyvirtues深入群眾，深入生活godeepamongthemassesandintothethickoflife奉獻(xiàn)無(wú)愧于時(shí)代的作品contributetothepeopleworksworthyofthetimes中華文明博大精深，源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)TheChinesecivilizationisextensiveandprofound,andhasalonghistory自立于世界民族之林standproudlyinthefamilyofnations英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯必備分類詞匯(2)藝術(shù)及工藝ArtsandCrafts版畫engraving貝雕畫shellcarvingpicture彩塑paintedsculpture瓷器porcelain;china刺繡embroidery雕刻carving宮燈palacelantern國(guó)畫Chinesepainting剪紙paper-cut景德鎮(zhèn)瓷Jingdezhenporcelain景泰藍(lán)cloisonnéenamel蠟染batik賣秸畫strawpatchwork木/石/竹刻wood/stone/bamboocarving木刻畫woodengraving英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯必備分類詞匯(3)戲劇表演TheatricalPerformances京劇臉譜typesoffacialmakeupinBeijingopera生malecharacters末middle-agedmalecharacters凈“paintedface”characters旦femalecharacters丑clown京劇票友a(bǔ)maturperformerofPekingOpera木偶戲puppetshow獨(dú)角戲monodrama;one-manplay皮影戲shadowplay;leather-silhouetteshow折子戲operahighlights戲劇小品skit啞劇dumbshow;mime;mummery;pantomime單口相聲monologuecomictalk雙口相聲wittydialogue口技vocalimitations;ventriloquism說書monologuestory-telling雜技acrobaticperformance疊羅漢makingahumanpyramid特技stunt睬高蹺stiltwalk馬戲circusperformances英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯必備分類詞匯(4)神話人物MythologicalFigures八仙theEightImmortals嫦娥Chang’s(theChinesemoongoddess)伏羲FuXi(GodofFisheryandHusbandry)福祿壽三星thethreegodsoffortune,prosperityandlongevity共工GodofWater后羿Houyi(alegendaryherowhoshotdownninesuns)黃帝YellowEmperor夸父Kuafu(afabledsun-chasinggiant)女GoddessofSky-patching盤古PanGu(creatoroftheuniverse)神農(nóng)PatronofAgriculture禹Yu(thereputedfounderoftheXiaDynasty)祝融GodofFire英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯必備分類詞匯(5)古代建筑AncientArchitecture塔pagoda琉璃塔glazedstupa舍利塔dagoba;sarirastupa(apagodaforBuddhistrelics)舍利子sariraremainsfromcremationofBuddha’sofsaints’body喇叭塔Lamaistpagoda樓storiedbuildings鐘樓belltower鼓樓drumtower閣pavilion烽火臺(tái)beacontower華表ornamentalcolumn牌坊memorialarchway英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯必備分類詞匯(6)古代典籍FamousAncientBooks《春秋》TheSpringandAutumnAnnals《史記》HistoricalRecords《詩(shī)經(jīng)》TheBookofSongs《書經(jīng)》TheBookofHistory《易經(jīng)》TheBookofChanges《禮記》TheBookofRites四書：TheFourBooks:《大學(xué)》TheGreatLearning《中庸》TheDoctrineoftheMean《論語(yǔ)》TheAnalectsofConfucius《孟子》TheMencius《山海經(jīng)》TheClassicofMountainsandRivers《本草綱目》CompendiumofMateriaMedica《資治通鑒》HistoryRetoldasaMirrorforRulers《西廂記》TheRomanceofWestChamber《三國(guó)演義》TheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms《水滸傳》HeroesoftheMarshes;WaterMargins《西游記》PilgrimagetotheWest《紅樓夢(mèng)》DreamoftheRedMansions;ThestoryoftheStone《聊齋志異》StrangeTalesofaLonelyStudio英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯必備分類詞匯(7)宗教Religions佛教Buddhism釋迦牟尼Sakyamuni佛寺Buddhisttemple大雄寶殿theGreatBuddha’sHall藏經(jīng)樓depositaryofBuddhisttexts金剛經(jīng)Vajracchedika-sutra素菜館vegetarianrestaurant羅漢堂arhathall觀音Guanyin;GoddessofMercy;Avalokitesvara地藏GodofEarth四大金剛FourHeavenlyGuardians(attheentrancetoaBuddhismtemple);FourDevarajas四大天王FourHeavenlyKings因果報(bào)應(yīng)karma藏傳佛教Lamaism大藏經(jīng)Tripitaka轉(zhuǎn)世靈童reincarnatedsoulboy喇嘛廟lamasery道教Taoism道觀Taoisttemple道士Taoistpriest英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯必備分類詞匯(8)關(guān)帝廟templeofLordGuan儒教Confucianism孔子廟Confuciantemple孔子Confucius義，禮，智，信，忠，恕，孝，悌rightness,propriety,wisdom,trustworthiness,loyalty,reciprocity,filialpiety,brotherlylove學(xué)兒優(yōu)則仕Agoodscholarcanbecomeanofficial./Hewhoexcelsinstudycanfollowanofficialcareer.禪宗ZenBuddhism不立別傳，不立文字，直指人心，見性成佛。TherebeliefispassedonoutsidethereligionThereisnorelianceonwrittenscriptsItgoesstraightintopeople’sminds.OnebecomesaBuddhathemomentHeseeshisownBuddhanature.伊斯蘭教Islam清真寺mosques古蘭經(jīng)theKoran耶穌教Christianity英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯必備分類詞匯(9)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日TraditionalFestivals拜年payingaNewYearcall爆竹firecracker鞭炮astringofsmallfirecrackers除夕NewYear’sEve春節(jié)SpringFestival春聯(lián)SpringFestivalcouplets(conveyingbestwishesfortheyear)辭舊迎新bidfarewelltotheoldandusherinthenew;ringouttheoldyearandringinthenew大掃除year-endhouseholdcleaning燈謎lanternriddles登高h(yuǎn)illclimbing端午節(jié)DragonBoatFestival恭喜發(fā)財(cái)Mayyoubeprosperous!/Wishyouallthebest!觀燈viewingthelanterns賀年片NewYearfilm餃子dumplings(withmeatandvegetablestuffing)龍燈舞dragonlanterndance廟會(huì)templefair年畫NewYearpicture年夜飯familyreuniondinneronLunarNewYear’sEve壓歲錢moneygiventochildrenasaLunarNewYeargift英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯必備分類詞匯(10)烹飪CulinaryArts美食節(jié)gourmetfestival中餐烹飪Chinesecuisine色，香，味俱全perfectcombinationofcolor,aroma,ta