Module 4 Great Scientists基礎(chǔ)練-2021-2022學(xué)年外研版高中英語(yǔ)必修四

Module4GreatScientists蜀悔

閱讀理解

（一）

A

OnceWilhelmK.Roentgenandseveralotherscientistswere

experimentingwithpassingelectriccurrentsthroughcertaingasesinaspecial

glasstubefromwhichtheairhadbeentakenaway.ThenonedayRoentgen

noticedthatthoughthetubewascoveredwithblackpaper,somestrange

kindsofradiation（輻射）we'recomingthroughandmakingascreennearby

giveoutlight.Roentgencouldseenothingoutofthetube.Butthenhe

discoveredthatifheputthescreeninthenextroomontheothersideofthe

closeddoor,theraysstillseemedtoaffectit.Thescreenshowedthattherays

couldpassnotonlythroughtheblackpaperbutalsothroughwood.

Thenextthinghefoundoutwasthatifheputhishandsbetweentherays

andaphotographicplate,therayswouldprintashadowofthebone

frameworkofhishandsontheplate.Infact,therayscouldpassaseasily

throughthefleshy（肉的）partofhishandasthroughtheblackpaper,but

hardlyatallthroughthebone.SoRoentgenmadethefirstX-raypictureofa

handshowingjusthowthebonesinthehandfittedtogether.

RoentgencalledtheseunknownraysX-rays,butotherscientistscalled

themRoentgenraysinhonorofthemanwhofirstfoundthem.

1.Whatwasinthespecialglasstube?

A.Air.B.Water.C.Gases.D.Paper.

2.Accordingtothistext,RoentgendiscoveredX-rays__.

A.byaccident

B.throughhishardwork

C.bydoinglotsofexperiments

D.withthehelpofseveralotherscientists

3.WhatcanX-rayshardlypassthrough?

A.Wood.B.Bones.C.Flesh.D.Blackpaper.

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheDiscoveryofX-rays

B.TheFirstX-rayPictureofaHand

C.TheDiscoveryofElectricCurrents

D.TheUseofRaysandPhotographicPlates

B

AlmosteverybodyinAmericawillspendapartofhisorherlifebehinda

shoppingcart.Theywillinalifetime,pushthechrome-platedcontraptions

manymiles.Butfewwillknow-oreventhinktoask—whoitwasthatinvented

them.

SylvanN.Goldmaninventedtheshoppingcartin1937.Atthattimehe

wasinthesupermarketbusiness.OnedayGoldmansuddenlyhadtheideaof

puttingbasketsonwheels.Thewheeledbasketswouldmakeshoppingmuch

easierforhiscustomers,andwouldhelptoattractmorebusiness.

OnJune4,1937,Goldman'sfirstcartswerereadyforuseinhismarket.

Hewasterriblyexcitedonthemorningofthatdayascustomersbeganarriving.

Hecouldn'twaittoseethemusinghisinvention.

ButGoldmanwasdisappointed.Mostshoppersgavethecartsalonglook,

buthardlyanybodywouldgivethematry.

Afterawhile,Goldmandecidedtoaskcustomerswhytheyweren'tusing

hiscarts."Don'tyouthinkthisarmisstrongenoughtocarryashopping

basket?”oneshopperreplied.

ButGoldmanwasn'tbeatenyet.Heknewhiscartswouldbeagreat

successifonlyhecouldpersuadepeopletogivethematry.Tothisend,

Goldmanhiredagroupofpeopletopushcartsaroundhismarketandpretend

theywereshopping.Seeingthis,therealcustomersgraduallybegancopying

thephony（假的）customers.

AsGoldmanhadhoped,thecartsweresoonattractinglargerandlarger

numbersofcustomerstohismarket.Butnotonlydidmorepeople

come-thosewhocameboughtmore.

Today'sshoppingcartsarefivetimeslargerthanGoldman'soriginal

model.Perhapsthat'sonereasonwhyAmericanstodayspendmorethanfive

timesasmuchmoneyonfoodeachyearastheydidbefore1937一thecoming

oftheshoppingcart.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"chrome-platedcontraptions"in

Paragraph1referto?

A.Suitcases.B.Shoppingcarts.

C.Baskets.D.Privatecars.

6.WhatwasthepurposeofGoldman'sinvention?

A.Tomakeshoppingeasierandattractmorebusiness.

B.Tohelptheolddoshoppingeasilyinhismarket.

C.Toreducetheburdenofhisemployeeswork.

D.Toprovehimtobeagoodinventor.

7.WhydidGoldmanhireagroupofpeopletopushcartsaroundhis

market?

A.Tokeepthegroceriesfrombeingstolen.

B.Toattractpeopletobuythingsinhismarket.

C.Tomakehismarketdifferentfromtheothers.

D.Toencouragepeopletousehisshoppingcarts.

8.WhatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutGoldman?

A.Hebecomesveryfamousbecauseofhisinvention.

B.Hisinventionhashadagreateffectonfoodindustry.

C.Hisinventiongivesagreatideatotoday'sshoppingcarts.

D.Supermarketbusinesshasbenefitedalotfromhisinvention.

（二）

A

Manyscientistsfirstdeterminedtheylovedscienceintheclassroom.Here

aresomeofthemthatspendtheirlivesspreadingtheirloveofscience.

MariaChristoforaki

ChristoforakiisahighschoolstudentattheLyceumofGaziinGreece.In

June2017,shewaspartofateamfromherschoolthatcompetedinthe

EuropeanCanSatCompetition.Thisisacontestinwhichteamsbuildmodels

ofsatellites（衛(wèi)星）.Muchcreativityisrequired——andChristoforakisaysthatis

thebestpart.

KellyKnight

Knightisaforensic（法醫(yī)的）scientist—someonewhousesscientific

techniquestohelpsolvecrimes.She'saprofessoratGeorgeMason

UniversityinFairfax,Virginia.Butthat'snotallshedoes."ImalsoaZumba

instructorandIhavemymotorcyclelicense,“shesays.She'sstillworkingon

gettingamotorcycle,though.

SaraMacSorley

MacSorleyhasadegreeinscience,whodoesn'tworkinalaboratorybut

isnowthedirectoroftheGreenStreetTeachingandLearningCenterat

WesleyanUniversityinMiddletown,Connecticut.Shespendshertime

promotingeducation.MacSorleystilllovesscience.She'snowworkingona

coloringbookaboutwomeninscience,technology,engineeringandmath.

ErinWinick

WinickwasastudentinmechanicalengineeringattheUniversityof

FloridainGainesville.Asanengineer,shealsorunsherowncompany,Sci

Chic,makingscienceandengineering-inspiredjewelry（珠寶）.Herscience

creativityalsogoesbeyondjewelry."Ilovemakingandwearingspaceand

science-inspiredclothing,"shesays.

1.WheredoesMariaChristoforakistartherloveforscience?

A.Atschool.B.Athome.

C.Inthelab.D.Inacompany.

2.WhatisKellyKnightshobby?

A.Music.B.Traveling.

C.Motorcycling.D.Clothesdesign.

3.WhatwasSaraMacSorleytrainedtobe?

A.Ateacher.B.Ascientist.

C.Awriter.D.Anengineer.

4.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefourwomenfromthetext?

A.Theyhaveagreatloveinscience.

B.Theyareworkinginscientificlabs.

C.Theyarescientistswithotherskills.

D.Theystartedtheirloveinscienceearly.

B

Mostofthetime,peoplewearhatstoprotectthemselvesfromharsh

weatherconditions.Hatsarealsoworntoshowpolitenessandassignsof

socialposition.Butnowadays,hats,especiallywomen'shats,aremuch

morethanthat.Moreexactly,hatshavechangedintofashionandstyle

symbolsbymanymoviestars,what'smore,peoplenowconsidermany

differentfeatureswhenchoosingevenasimplehat.Manydesignerspointout

that,whenchoosingtherighthat,it'simportanttoconsiderthecolorofyour

skinaswellasyourhair,yourheight,andtheshapeofyourface.

Firstofall,thecolorofthehatshouldmatchthecolorofyourskinand

hair.Forinstance,blackhatsshouldbeavoidedifyouaredarkskinned.Ifa

purplehatisplacedontopofredhair,onewilllookasattractiveasasummer

flower.Second,theheightofthehatisalsoanimportantpoint.Tallwomen

shouldnotgoforhatswithtallcrowns,justasshortwomenshouldchoose

hatswithupturnedbrims（帽沿）togivethelookofheight.Third,andmost

importantly,theshapeofthefacedecidesthekindofhatoneshouldpick.A

small,gentlehatthatfitstheheadlooksgoodonasmallface.However,

womenwithbig,roundfacesshouldchooseadifferentstyle.

Asthesayinggoes,"Finefeathersmakefinebirds."Agoodhatcannot

onlyhelpyourdressbutalsosupportyourfeatures,sowhynotchoosethe

bestpossibleonenexttimeyouwanttobeinpublic?

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"harsh"inParagraph1probably

mean?

A.Good.B.Poor.C.Strange.D.Different.

6.Accordingtothearticle,whatkindofwomenwouldlook

mostattractive?

A.Abig-facedwomanwhowearsasmall,nicehat.

B.Ashortred-hairedwomanwhowearsapurplehat.

C.Asmalldark-skinnedwomanwhowearsablackhat.

D.Atallwomanwhowearsahatwithahugeupturnedbrim.

7.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?

A.Hatscanmakeyoulookmuchtaller.

B.Hatsarenotasimportantascharacter.

C.Hatscanhelpyoulookbetterinpublic.

D.Hatsarewornontheheadtokeepwarm.

8.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.HowtoDesignaNiceHat

B.HowtoChooseaProperHat

C.HowtoImproveYourFeatures

D.HowtoShowYourSocialPosition

（三）

Ifyoucouldhaveonesuperpower,whatwoulditbe?

Dreamingaboutwhetheryouwouldwanttoreadminds,seethrough

walls,orhavesuperhumanstrengthmaysoundsilly,butitactuallygetsto

theheartofwhatreallymattersinyourlife.

Everydayinourwork,weareinspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoing

extraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.

Theyhaveadifferentkindofsuperpowerthatallofuspossess：The

powertomakeadifferenceinthelivesofothers.

We'renotsayingthateveryoneneedstocontributetheirlivestothepoor.

Yourlivesarebusyenoughdoinghomework,playingsports,makingfriends,

andseekingafteryourdreams.Butwedothinkthatyoucanliveamore

powerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomething

muchlargerthanyourself.Findanissueyouareinterestedinandlearnmore.

Volunteeror,ifyoucan,contributealittlemoneytoacause.Whateveryou

do,don'tbeabystander.Getinvolved.Youmayhavetheopportunityto

makeyourbiggestdifferencewhenyou'reolder.Butwhynotstartnow?

Ourownexperienceworkingtogetheronhealth,development,and

energyinthelasttwentyyearshasbeenoneofthemostrewarding（值得做

的）partsofourlives.Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelour

optimismabouthowmanythelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveinthe

yearsahead.

1.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2referto?

A.Yourlifestyle.B.Yourlifevalue.

C.Yourtroubleinlife.D.Yourlifeexperience.

2.Whydoestheauthorsayweareinspiredeveryday?

A.Wepossessdifferentkindsofsuperpowers.

B.Wehavegotthepowertochangetheworld.

C.Somepeoplearoundusaremakingtheworldbetter.

D.Therearemanypowerfulpeopleinourlifeandwork.

3.WhatdoestheauthorstressinParagraph5?

A.Learningmoreandcontributingmoretoacause.

B.Risingaboveselfandactingtohelpothers.

C.Workinghardtogetabiggeropportunity.

D.Tryingyourbesttohelpthepoor.

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Theauthorbelievesthelivesofthepoorestwillgetbetter.

B.Muchmoreprogresswillbemadeinthenearfuture.

C.Theworkonhealthisthemostvaluableexperience.

D.Peopleseffortshavebeenmateriallyrewarded.

二、選詞填空

用下面給出單詞的正確形式填空，使其句意完整。有兩個(gè)詞是多余的。

publishescapegraduateexplodeconvertlead

producevictimpartfigureagricultureeducate

1.ATVsetelectric