Unit2IconicAttractionsDiscoverusefulstructures不定式用法總結(jié)導(dǎo)學(xué)案高中英語(yǔ)人教版選擇性

X4U3不定式用法總結(jié)及練習(xí)一、不定式作主語(yǔ)不定式表示具體一次動(dòng)作，是特指；動(dòng)名詞表抽象概念，是泛指。句型1：It+謂語(yǔ)+todoIttookustwomonths__________(get)theproductlicensed.句型2：It’s+n+todoIfyourfriendsignoresyourfeelingsormakesyousuffer,it’stime__________(rethink)yourrelationships.句型3：Itisadj(for/ofsb)todosthThisyear,__________washardtotellwhethermyprizeortheonechosenbymy14yearoldbrother,Jason,wasthewinner.二、不定式作表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)表示職業(yè)、職責(zé)或性質(zhì)等。Ifoundaparttimejob,whichistoguidethepatients.不定式放在系動(dòng)詞后面常表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或解釋說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，其主語(yǔ)常是wish，idea，task，purpose，duty等表示“意向、打算、計(jì)劃”的詞。todo作表語(yǔ)，與表將來(lái)的be+todo有區(qū)別，Ourplanistosetupaschoolforthepeasants’children.（系表）Wearetosetupaschoolforthepeasants’children.（表將來(lái)）【練一練】Thepurposeofeducationis________(develop)afinepersonalityinchildren.三、不定式作賓語(yǔ)只接todo作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞（“希望”干）wish,hope,expect,long,desire;（早“打算”）plan,mean,prepare,attempt,intend;（“同意”“否”）agree,consent,refuse,decline;（“尋”“問(wèn)”看）seek,ask,beg;（“選”“定”了）choose,decide,determine,promise;（“盡”“自愿”）manage,volunteer,tend;(“稱(chēng)”“失敗”）claim,fail;（“敢”“裝蒜”）dare,pretend2.接todo/doing意義不同的動(dòng)詞：forgettodo忘記要去做某事（未做）forgetdoing忘記已經(jīng)做過(guò)某事（已做）remembertodo記得將要做某事（未做）rememberdoing記得已經(jīng)做過(guò)某事（已做）regrettodo遺憾去做某事（未做）regretdoing后悔做過(guò)某事（已做）goontodo繼續(xù)做另一件事（對(duì)象變了）goondoing繼續(xù)做正在做的事（對(duì)象不變）stoptodo停下來(lái)去做另一件事（對(duì)象變了）stopdoing停止做某事（對(duì)象不變）can’thelptodo不能幫助做某事can’thelpdoing情不自禁做某事meantodo打算做某事（未做）meandoing意味著做某事（解釋作用）trytodo努力做某事（不一定成功）trydoing嘗試做某事（強(qiáng)調(diào)嘗試和行動(dòng)）3.可用于“find/think/feel/make/consider+it(形式賓語(yǔ))+adj./n.+todosth．”結(jié)構(gòu)中?！揪氁痪殹縏opreventsofttissueinjury,remember__________(warm)upbeforeexercisinganddon’tforgettostretchattheendofyourworkout.Atfirsthedidn’tmean__________(take)part,buthecouldn’tresist__________(have)atry.Assoonastheearthquakewasreported,manymenvolunteer__________(keep)thevictimspany(陪伴受害者)andgavethemahelpinghand.Thepouringrainthatnightmadeithardforwitnesses__________(identify)themurderer.Ifyoufollowmyadvice,youcanknowhow__________(make)afireinthewild.三、不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，多表示一個(gè)主動(dòng)的將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。不定式與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式后接的若是不及物動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)在動(dòng)詞后加上合適的介詞。eg:ShenQiuisagoodplacetolivein.Ineedapentowritewith.2.序數(shù)詞和最高級(jí)后常接不定式，如thefirst,thesecond,thelast,thebest等。3.有些名詞后常接不定式做定語(yǔ)，如ability,ambition,attempt,agreement,chance,courage,mitment,desire,dream,decision,effort,goal,opportunity,plan,promise,right,reason,time,tendency,urge,way等。【練一練】Onceyouhavethechance__________(travel)whereveryouwant,wherewillyougo?Thebestway__________(set)yourselfupforsuccessistomakesurethatyourgoalsareSMART:specific,measurable,attainable,relevant,andtimely.ItwasOct16th,2021,whentheshenzhouXIIIwassuccessfullylaunched,withWangYaping,thefirstChinesefemaleastronaut__________(carry)outaspacewalk.Bakerwillbetheonlyone___________(win)themedalinarow.四、不定式作狀語(yǔ)1.不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，多用于todo,soastodo,inordertodo等形式。注意①其邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子主語(yǔ)一致性②位于句首時(shí)后邊有無(wú)逗號(hào)均可，但位于句末時(shí)前邊不能有逗號(hào)。不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，多用于too…to...,enoughtodo...,onlytodo...,so…astodo,suchastodo句型。作原因狀語(yǔ)，常位于表示心里活動(dòng)或情緒的形容詞后,如：sorry,glad,happy,pleased,anxious,excited,delighted,disappointed,foolish....常用獨(dú)立成分，作插入語(yǔ)，表示說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度，如totellyouthetruth，tobeexact，tobesure,tobefrank,tobehonest,tocutalongstoryshort,tostartwith,tobeginwith,tosaynothing,tobebrief等?！揪氁痪殹縄wastooscared__________(go)intothewatereventhoughtheytriedtopersuademeseveraltimes._______________(reduce)theriskofbeingattacked,netizensshouldbecarefulnottoclickpop-uplinks.Wemustdowhatwecan__________(protect)theenvironment.__________(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.Iwastowritemyreport,only(find)myputerwasoutoforder.五、不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)ask,want,invite,get,force,expect,allow,persuade,order,warn,remind,prefer,cause,permit,forbid,advise,teach等動(dòng)詞常用于“動(dòng)詞+sbtodosth”句型。注意：require,forbid,advise,remend,allow,permit,encourage+sb.+todosth（不定式作賓補(bǔ)）require,forbid,advise,remend,allow,permit,encourage+doingsth（動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)）作有些動(dòng)詞（feel，hear，listento，let，have，make，see等）的賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，to必須省去,被動(dòng)時(shí)還原。with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)，是用現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞還是動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，關(guān)鍵是看賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。【練一練】Everytimewefly,wearereminded__________(put)onourseatbeltsandofhowtouselifevests.Regularexerciseandabalanceddietenablestudents__________(perform)wellinstudy.3.Usersareencouraged__________(post)theirproblems,andtheywillgetadvicefromourhealthexpertsandotherforumusers.六、不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)意義一般時(shí)todotobedone表動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后完成時(shí)tohavedonetohavebeendone表動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前進(jìn)行時(shí)tobedoing表謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行完成進(jìn)行時(shí)tohavebeendoing表動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂前且持續(xù)到謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生時(shí)仍在行It’ssaidthattheOlympicGames____________(hold)in2022willcovermoreeventsthananyotherOlympicsdid.What____________(do)nexthasn’tbeendecidedyet.Thenaughtyboypretended__________(study)whenhismothersteppedintotheroom.LittleTomwenttothestadiuminahurry,only__________(inform)thegamehadbeenputoff.Therewasafamouspersonattheparty,soeveryonewouldlike_________(introduce)tohim.Whenthemeetingwasover,withseveralproblemsremaining__________(solve),themarketingmanageraskedsomeofustoremainsilent.Iamsorry__________(keep)youwaitingforsolong.ExcellentperformanceintheCollegeEntranceExaminationentitledhim__________(admit)intoakeyuniversity.Sheissaidto______________(write)thenovelaboutNewYorkformanyyears.Themanagerissaid__________(arrive)backfromPariswherehemetsomeEuropeanbusinesspartners.七、不帶to的不定式在使役動(dòng)詞make,let,have和感官動(dòng)詞feel,hear,listento,see,lookat,watch,notice,observe等后不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)省略to，變被動(dòng)要還原。2.help后的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，to有時(shí)可以省略，但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是表示物的名詞或主語(yǔ)不能發(fā)出不定式動(dòng)作時(shí)需要帶to。3.不定式在介詞but,except,besides后，如果其前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do，不定式不帶to。Shecoulddonothingbutcry.另：Ihavenochoicebuttoacceptthefact.▲介前有do無(wú)to，無(wú)do有to4.含不帶to的不定式的常見(jiàn)句型：hadbetterdosth.最好做某事 wouldratherdosth.寧愿做某事cannotbutdosth.只好做某事 cannothelpbutdosth.不得不做某事八、不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)1.動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)在句子中出現(xiàn)或暗含在句中eg:Wehavemanydifficultiestoovere.在sth+be+adj.+todo結(jié)構(gòu)中，若形容詞為：easy,difficult,hard,heavy,light,good,nice,pleasant,fortable,fit,dangerous,interesting,important等eg:Theriverisdangeroustoswimin.Therebe句型中，用來(lái)修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式多用主動(dòng)式eg:There’snothingtodonow.而tolet,toblame,toseek等不定式，多以主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)意義eg:Thisflatistolet.Iamtoblameforit.【練一練】Mr.Greenstoodupindefenseoftheboy,sayingthathewasnottheone__________(blame)fortheaccident.Asteachers,wehavenochoicebut__________(fight)forourstudents.Iwasabout__________(go)outwhenmydaughtercamein.4.Withlotsofproblems______________(solve),themanagerwillhaveahardtime.短文填空（一）Thefinalexamisaroundthecorner.Ourheadteachertoldus1_______(study)hardeveryday.Infact,itiseverystudent’sdream2_________(get)agoodscore.3_______(repay)ourparentsandteachers,mostofushavedecided4________(live)uptotheirexpectations.Sadly,amajorityofstudentsarestillunawareoftheimportanceofknowledge.Inclass,theyoftenpretend5_________(read)whentheteacherisintheclassroom.Occasionally,theteacherasksthemtoansweraquestion,only6_______(find)thattheyknownothing.Johnisthemostnaughtyboy.Heissaid7_______(fail)twicethisterm.Therefore,hisparentsforbidhim8_______(go)tothemoviesonweekends.9________(be)honest,hereallydeserves10________(punish).However,hisbiggestworryistheparents’meeting11_______(hold)nextmonth.IpraythatJohnwouldchangehimselfandpassthefinalexamnextweek.（二）DearTom,It’ssonice1_________(hear)thatyouwant2_________(e)toBeijing3________(study).It’snecessary4__________(remind)youofafewthings.Asyouknow,the2022WinterOlympicgamesis5_______(hold)inBeijingandZhangJiakou.Thearchitectsandconstructionworkersarebusy6______(build)manyfacilities,7______(make)thestreetsofBeijingverycrowded.Itisbestforyou8_________(take)abusorsubway,whichisveryconvenient.Youcanalsorideabike,butwhenyoudonotuseit,don’tforget9_______(lock)it.Also,don’teasilytrustpeoplewhoyoudon’tknow,incaseyou10_________(cheat).Ifyouareintrouble,I11________(help)you.Whenyouvisitafriend’shome,remember12_________(bring)somethingthatyourhost13_______(like).Youaresaid14___________(learn)muchChinesetraditionalculture,sothereisnoneed15_________(worry)aboutyou.16__________forwardtoyour17_______(e)!Yours,TomX4U3不定式用法總結(jié)及練習(xí)教師版一、不定式作主語(yǔ)不定式表示具體一次動(dòng)作，是特指；動(dòng)名詞表抽象概念，是泛指。句型1：It+謂語(yǔ)+todoIttookustwomonths_toget_(get)theproductlicensed.句型2：It’s+n+todoIfyourfriendsignoresyourfeelingsormakesyousuffer,it’stime_torethink_(rethink)yourrelationships.句型3：Itisadj(for/ofsb)todosthThisyear,it___washardtotellwhethermyprizeortheonechosenbymy14yearoldbrother,Jason,wasthewinner.二、不定式作表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)表示職業(yè)、職責(zé)或性質(zhì)等。Ifoundaparttimejob,whichistoguidethepatients.不定式放在系動(dòng)詞后面常表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或解釋說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，其主語(yǔ)常是wish，idea，task，purpose，duty等表示“意向、打算、計(jì)劃”的詞。todo作表語(yǔ)，與表將來(lái)的be+todo有區(qū)別，Ourplanistosetupaschoolforthepeasants’children.（系表）Wearetosetupaschoolforthepeasants’children.（表將來(lái)）【練一練】Thepurposeofeducationis_todevelop__(develop)afinepersonalityinchildren.三、不定式作賓語(yǔ)只接todo作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞（“希望”干）wish,hope,expect,long,desire;（早“打算”）plan,mean,prepare,attempt,intend;（“同意”“否”）agree,consent,refuse,decline;（“尋”“問(wèn)”看）seek,ask,beg;（“選”“定”了）choose,decide,determine,promise;（“盡”“自愿”）manage,volunteer,tend;(“稱(chēng)”“失敗”）claim,fail;（“敢”“裝蒜”）dare,pretend2.接todo/doing意義不同的動(dòng)詞：forgettodo忘記要去做某事（未做）forgetdoing忘記已經(jīng)做過(guò)某事（已做）remembertodo記得將要做某事（未做）rememberdoing記得已經(jīng)做過(guò)某事（已做）regrettodo遺憾去做某事（未做）regretdoing后悔做過(guò)某事（已做）goontodo繼續(xù)做另一件事（對(duì)象變了）goondoing繼續(xù)做正在做的事（對(duì)象不變）stoptodo停下來(lái)去做另一件事（對(duì)象變了）stopdoing停止做某事（對(duì)象不變）can’thelptodo不能幫助做某事can’thelpdoing情不自禁做某事meantodo打算做某事（未做）meandoing意味著做某事（解釋作用）trytodo努力做某事（不一定成功）trydoing嘗試做某事（強(qiáng)調(diào)嘗試和行動(dòng)）3.可用于“find/think/feel/make/consider+it(形式賓語(yǔ))+adj./n.+todosth．”結(jié)構(gòu)中。【練一練】Topreventsofttissueinjury,remember_towarm(warm)upbeforeexercisinganddon’tforgettostretchattheendofyourworkout.Atfirsthedidn’tmean_totake_(take)part,buthecouldn’tresist_having__(have)atry.Assoonastheearthquakewasreported,manymenvolunteer_tokeep_(keep)thevictimspany(陪伴受害者)andgavethemahelpinghand.Thepouringrainthatnightmadeithardforwitnesses_toidentify_(identify)themurderer.Ifyoufollowmyadvice,youcanknowhow__tomake_(make)afireinthewild.三、不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，多表示一個(gè)主動(dòng)的將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。不定式與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式后接的若是不及物動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)在動(dòng)詞后加上合適的介詞。eg:ShenQiuisagoodplacetolivein.Ineedapentowritewith.2.序數(shù)詞和最高級(jí)后常接不定式，如thefirst,thesecond,thelast,thebest等。3.有些名詞后常接不定式做定語(yǔ)，如ability,ambition,attempt,agreement,chance,courage,dream,decision,effort,goal,opportunity,plan,promise,right,time,tendency,way,reason等?！揪氁痪殹縊nceyouhavethechance___totravel___(travel)whereveryouwant,wherewillyougo?Thebestway_to__set__(set)yourselfupforsuccessistomakesurethatyourgoalsareSMART:specific,measurable,attainable,relevant,andtimely.ItwasOct16th,2021,whentheshenzhouXIIIwassuccessfullylaunched,withWangYaping,thefirstChinesefemaleastronaut_tocarry__(carry)outaspacewalk.Bakerwillbetheonlyone_towin__(win)themedalinarow.四、不定式作狀語(yǔ)1.不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，多用于todo,soastodo,inordertodo等形式。注意①其邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子主語(yǔ)一致性②位于句首時(shí)后邊有無(wú)逗號(hào)均可，但位于句末時(shí)前邊不能有逗號(hào)。不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，多用于too…to...,enoughtodo...,onlytodo...,so…astodo,suchastodo句型。作原因狀語(yǔ)，常位于表示心里活動(dòng)或情緒的形容詞后,如：sorry,glad,happy,pleased,anxious,excited,delighted,disappointed,foolish....常用獨(dú)立成分，作插入語(yǔ)，表示說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度，如totellyouthetruth，tobeexact，tobesure,tobefrank,tobehonest,tocutalongstoryshort,tostartwith,tobeginwith,tosaynothing,tobebrief等?！揪氁痪殹縄wastooscared_togo__(go)intothewatereventhoughtheytriedtopersuademeseveraltimes.__Toreduce__(reduce)theriskofbeingattacked,netizensshouldbecarefulnottoclickpop-uplinks.Wemustdowhatwecan__toprotect__(protect)theenvironment.Tolearn_(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.Iwastowritemyreport,onlytofind(find)myputerwasoutoforder.五、不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)ask,want,invite,get,force,expect,allow,persuade,order,warn,remind,prefer,cause,permit,forbid,advise,teach等動(dòng)詞常用于“動(dòng)詞+sbtodosth”句型。注意：require,forbid,advise,remend,allow,permit,encourage+sb.+todosth（不定式作賓補(bǔ)）require,forbid,advise,remend,allow,permit,encourage+doingsth（動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)）作有些動(dòng)詞（feel，hear，listento，let，have，make，see等）的賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，to必須省去,被動(dòng)時(shí)還原。with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)，是用現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞還是動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，關(guān)鍵是看賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。【練一練】Everytimewefly,wearereminded__toput__(put)onourseatbeltsandofhowtouselifevests.Regularexerciseandabalanceddietenablestudents__toperform__(perform)wellinstudy.Usersareencouraged__topost__(post)theirproblems,andtheywillgetadvicefromourhealthexpertsandotherforumusers.六、不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)意義一般時(shí)todotobedone表動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后完成時(shí)tohavedonetohavebeendone表動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前進(jìn)行時(shí)tobedoing表謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行完成進(jìn)行時(shí)tohavebeendoing表動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂前且持續(xù)到謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生時(shí)仍在行It’ssaidthattheOlympicGames_tobeheld__(hold)in2022willcovermoreeventsthananyotherOlympicsdid.What_tobedone___(do)nexthasn’tbeendecidedyet.Thenaughtyboypretended___tobestudying__(study)whenhismothersteppedintotheroom.LittleTomwenttothestadiuminahurry,only_tobeinformed__(inform)thegamehadbeenputoff.Therewasafamouspersonattheparty,soeveryonewouldlike_tobeintroduced__(introduce)tohim.Whenthemeetingwasover,withseveralproblemsremaining__tobesolved____(solve),themarketingmanageraskedsomeofustoremainsilent.Iamsorry_tohavekept__(keep)youwaitingforsolong.ExcellentperformanceintheCollegeEntranceExaminationentitledhim__tobeadmitted__(admit)intoakeyuniversity.Sheissaidto__havebeenwriting_____(write)thenovelaboutNewYorkformanyyears.Themanagerissaidtohavearrived_(arrive)backfromPariswherehemetsomeEuropeanbusinesspartners.七、不帶to的不定式在使役動(dòng)詞make,let,have和感官動(dòng)詞feel,hear,listento,see,lookat,watch,notice,observe等后不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)省略to，變被動(dòng)要還原。2.help后的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，to有時(shí)可以省略，但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是表示物的名詞或主語(yǔ)不能發(fā)出不定式動(dòng)作時(shí)需要帶to。3.不定式在介詞but,except,besides后，如果其前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do，不定式不帶to。Shecoulddonothingbutcry.另：Ihavenochoicebuttoacceptthefact.▲介前有do無(wú)to，無(wú)do有to4.含不帶to的不定式的常見(jiàn)句型：hadbetterdosth.最好做某事 wouldratherdosth.寧愿做某事cannotbutdosth.只好做某事 cannothelpbutdosth.不得不做某事八、不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)1.動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)在句子中出現(xiàn)或暗含在句中eg:Wehavemanydifficultiestoovere.在sth+be+adj.+todo結(jié)構(gòu)中，若形容詞為：easy,difficult,hard,heavy,light,good,nice,pleasant,fortable,fit,dangerous,interesting,important等eg:Theriverisdangeroustoswimin.Therebe句型中，用來(lái)修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式多用主動(dòng)式eg:There’snothingtodonow.而tolet,toblame,toseek等不定式，多以主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)意義eg:Thisflatistolet.Iamtoblameforit.【練一練】Mr.Greenstoodupindefenseoftheboy,sayingthathewasnottheone__toblame___(blame)fortheaccident.Asteachers,wehavenochoicebut__tofight___(fight)forourstudents.Iwasabout_togo__(go)outwhenmydaughtercamein.4.Withlotsofproblems___tosolve____(solve),themanagerwillhaveahardtime.短文填空（一）Thefinalexamisaroundthecorner.Ourheadteachertoldus1_______(study)hardeveryday.Infact,itiseverystudent’sdream2_________(get)agoodscore.3_______(repay)ourparentsandteachers,mostofushavedecided4________(live)uptotheirexpectations.Sadly,amajorityofstudentsarestillunawareoftheimportanceofknowledge.Inclass,theyoftenpretend5_________(read)whentheteacherisintheclassroom.Occasionally,theteach