人教版七年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)完形填空22篇(附答案詳解)

金戈鐵騎初中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)材料madeofjingetieji新目標(biāo)七年級(jí)下完形填空22篇(附答案詳解)

完形填空(1)

carolandsusanareverygoodfriendstheyareinthesame_1_atschoolandtheyoftenvisit_2_homeatweekends(周末).nowtheyare_3_eightyearsold.carol'smotherhasgotanewbaby.carolisvery_14_tohavealittlesister.sosheisalwaystalkingabouthertosusan.atfirstsheisvery_5_inthenewbabybecauseshedoesn'thaveanybrothersorsisters.but_6_sometimeshebeginstogettiredofcarol'sendlesstalking(喋喋不休地談?wù)?aboutit.shealsofellsalittlejealous(嫉妒)ofherfriend.onemorningwhenthetwogirls_7_intheschoolground,carolsaystosusan,"doyou_8_,sue,mybabysisterhasputonnearlyhalfapoundinweight(體重增加了半磅)thisweek.""thatisnotvery_9_."answerssusan."iknowababyandheputsontenpoundsaday.""oh,thatcan'tbe_10_."answerscarollaughingly."whosebabyisit?""anelephant's"sayssusan.

1.

a.grade

b.table

c.class

d.group2.

a.eachother's

b.their

c.theirs

d.eachother3.

a.all

b.two

c.both

d.either4.

a.angry

b.sorry

c.surprised

d.glad5.

a.interesting

b.interested

c.happy

d.satisfied6.

a.before

b.for

c.after

d.at7.

a.play

b.meet

c.weight

d.walk8.

a.hear

b.think

c.find

d.know9.

a.much

b.many

c.few

d.little10.

a.impossible

b.wrong

c.true

d.sure

完形填空(2)

iamtonysmith.iamtwelve.iaminno.101middleschool.i'minclass2,grade7.mygoodfriendisjimgreen.heisanenglishboy.heistwelve,too.heisinmyclass.hecanspeakgoodchinese.janeisinclass2,too.ithinksheisagoodgirl.mychineseteacherismr.wang.hisstudentslikehim.heisverycool.

根據(jù)短文填空，每空一詞。1.tony___twelve.hislastnameis__________

.2.tonyandjimare________thesame________

.janeis________class2,too.3.tonyandjim______good_______.4.jim's_______isverygood.5.mr.wangistheir_________teacher.heis_______

.hisstudentslikehimverymuch.

完形填空(3)

bobandsueareinthesameschool,1theyareindifferent2.theygotoschoolonweekdays.3school,bobandsueoftenplaygameswith4friends.classesbegin5eightinthemorning.nowbobandsueareintheirclassrooms.theyarelisteningtotheir6.bob'sstudyingenglish.histeacheristalking7english.sue's8achineseclass.herteacheristalking9writing.theystudyhard.theylovetheirteachersandtheyliketheir10.l.

a.but

b.and

c.or

d.when2.

a.classes

b.class

c.lesson

d.lessons3.

a.in

b.when

c.to

d.at4.

a.his

b.her

c.other

d.their5.

a.about

b.in

c.at

d.on6.

a.friends

b.father

c.teacher

d.teachers7.

a.with

b.at

c.in

d.for8.

a.having

b.listening

c.getting

d.sittingin9.

a.at

b.about

c.for

d.like10.

a.home

b.family

c.school

d.clothes

完形填空(4)

itisthe_1_dayofanewterm.everyone_2_veryhappy.theycametoschoolearly._3_newenglishteacherismrhu.he_4_tohisstudents."welcome_5_toschool."mrhu_6_knowtheirnames.buthehas_7_onapiece_8_paper(紙).hewantstocalltheirnames.afterthat,aboycomesin,heis_9_.mrhuaskshimtocometoschool_10_nexttime.()1.

a.first

b.

one

c.thefirst

d.1th()2.

a.are

b.be

c.is

d.look()3.

a.it’s

b.his

c.their

d.our()4.

a.says

b.speaks

c.doesn’tsay

d.wants()5.

a.back

b.you

c.us

d.it()6.

a.do

b.isn’t

c.doesn’t

d./()7.

a.it

b.them

c.him

d.that()8.

a.of

b.to

c.in

d.on()9.

a.early

b.tall

c.short

d.late()10.

a.back

b.early

c.earlier

d.late

完形填空(5)

mr.black1england.heworksinamiddleschool.helikes2inchinaalot.hehastwochildren.theyare3himinchina.andtheyarein4school.whatdotheylike5china?theysaytheylikechinesefoodverymuch.

1.

a.from

b.comesfrom

c.comefrom

d.befrom2.

a.working

b.works

c.work

d.toworking3.

a.and

b.of

c.at

d.with4.

a.same

b.asame

c.thesame

d.twosame5.

a.about

b.with

c./

d.of

完形填空(6)

therearenineteenboysandtwenty-eightgirlsinourclass.1oftheboysisenglish.his2issam.he'sthirteen.twoofthe3areamerican.theyaretwins.4namesarejaneandjoy.theyaretwelve.theyaremy5.alloftheotherboysandgirlsare6.7allliketheenglishboyandtheamericangirls,8theylikeus,too.weplaygamestogether(一起).wehelp9andtheyhelpus.look,therecomethetwins!they're10thisway.let'ssayhellotothem.l.

a.one

b.two

c.three

d.four2.

a.school

b.sister

c.brother

d.name3.

a.brothers

b.sisters

c.girls

d.boys4.

a.your

b.their

c.our

d.her5.

a.teachers

b.friends

c.brothers

d.students6.

a.chinese

b.english

c.american

d.friends7.

a.they

b.we

c.them

d.our8.

a.but

b.or

c.and

d.so9.

a.her

b.them

c.him

d.you10.

a.come

b.go

c.coming

d.going

完形填空(7)

thisismybedroom.icansee_1_picturesonthewall.thelightis_2_thedesk.thefootballis_3_thechair._4_isthebed?it'snearthetable.myfatherand_5_bedroomisnearmybedroom._6_flowersandabed_7_intheirroom.somewindowsare_8_thewall.ayellowdoorisinthewall,_9_.ilikemybedroomandtheylike_10_.

1.

a.a

b.one

c.an

d.some2.

a.under

b.on

c.in

d.behind3.

a.on

b.under

c.to

d.for4.

a.who

b.what

c.which

d.where5.

a.sister

b.mother

c.mother's

d.sisters6.

a.the

b.the

c.some

d.some7.

a.is

b.are

c.isn't

d.am8.

a.on

b.behind

c.in

d.under9.

a.also

b.there

c.here

d.too10.

a.also

b.theirs'

c.them

d.theirroom

完形填空(8)

1is2englishboy.3nameisjim.heis12.hehas4cat.5nameismimi.howoldis6?ithinkitis

3

.jimisastudent(學(xué)生).heis7schooltoday.8ishere

today.

1.____2.

____3.____4.

____5.

____6.____7.

____8.

___

完形填空(9)

thisisourclassroom.itis_1_nicebigroom.thewindows_2_bigandthewallsarewhite.thereisablackboard_3_thefront(前面的)wall.onthebackwallthereisamap.itisamap_4_china.thereisabigdesk.itis_5_theteacher.there_6_fortysmalldesksandchairsintheroom.theyarefor_7_.what'sonthe_8_desk?therearesomeflowers._9_areforourteacher.welike_10_.sheisagoodteacher.

1.

a.an

b.a

c.the2.

a.is

b.am

c.are3.

a.on

b.in

c.under4.

a.for

b.in

c.of5.

a.of

b.for

c.in6.

a.is

b.are

c.be7.

a.our

b.ours

c.us8.

a.teacher

b.teacher's

c.ateacher's9.

a.it

b.they

c.you10.

a.her

b.hers

c.him

完形填空(10)

awell-dressedmangoeslarestaurantaday.hesitsdownatatablenearthewindow.awaitercomesupto2andsays,"canihelpyou,sir?"themansays,"caniseethemenu?""certainly."themanwantsagoodmeal.hewantsalotofnice3.thewaitergetsthemforhim.themanishavinghis4.atthattimeaboycomesinandsitsdownbesidetheman.heasksthe5togivehimanicecream.themandoesso.nowtheboyiseatinghisicecream.themanissaying,"igoout6anewspaper."thenhegoesout.aftertheboyeatshisicecreamup.theboy7andgoestothedoor."8,yourfatherhasn'tgiventhemoneyforthemealandyouricecream."thewaiterstopshimandsays."father?you're9.heisn'tmyfather.idon't10him.imeethiminthestreet.hesayshewillgivemeanicecreamificomehereattwelveo'clock."

1.

a.in

b.out

c.into

d.onto2.

a.him

b.it

c.his

d.them3.

a.dish

b.dishes

c.plates

d.bowls4.

a.cakes

b.drink

c.supper

d.meal5.

a.man

b.father

c.waiter

d.boy6.

a.with

b.for

c.to

d.at7.

a.sitsdown

b.getsup

c.standsup

d.comesdown8.

a.excuseme

b.sorry

c.hello

d.hi9.

a.good

b.right

c.well

d.wrong10.

a.like

b.know

c.help

d.ask

完形填空(11)

oneday,agrandmotherstaysathomewithher14-month-oldgrandson.heis__1__withheryellowcarkey（鑰匙）.atthattime,thephonerings__2__thegrandmothergoestoanswerthephone.afterthegrandmothercomes__3__,shecan’tfindthekey.shethinksthatthelittleboyputs__4__somewhere（在某處）.shelooks__5__itintheroom,butshecan’tfinditanywhere.thenshehasa__6__idea（主意）.thegrandmother__7__thechildabluekeyandpretends（假裝）nottolook.afterafew__8__theboygoesintohisgrandmother’sbedroomandhecarefullyputs__9__bluekeyunderherbed,nexttotheyellow__10__.

1.

a.playing

b.carrying

c.putting2.

a.because

b.and

c.but3.

a.down

b.out

c.back4.

a.it

b.them

c.that5.

a.at

b.after

c.for6.

a.well

b.good

c.bad7.

a.gives

b.buys

c.draws8.

a.minutes

b.days

c.weeks9.

a.a

b.an

c.the10.

a.phone

b.key

c.shoes

完形填空(12)

carolandsusanareverygoodfriendstheyareinthesame_1_atschoolandtheyoftenvisit_2_homeatweekends(周末).nowtheyare_3_eightyearsold.carol'smotherhasgotanewbaby.carolisvery_14_tohavealittlesister.sosheisalwaystalkingabouthertosusan.atfirstsheisvery_5_inthenewbabybecauseshedoesn'thaveanybrothersorsisters.but_6_sometimeshebeginstogettiredofcarol'sendlesstalking(喋喋不休地談?wù)?aboutit.shealsofellsalittlejealous(嫉妒)ofherfriend.onemorningwhenthetwogirls_7_intheschoolground,carolsaystosusan,"doyou_8_,sue,mybabysisterhasputonnearlyhalfapoundinweight(體重增加了半磅)thisweek.""thatisnotvery_9_."answerssusan."iknowababyandheputsontenpoundsaday.""oh,thatcan'tbe_10_."answerscarollaughingly."whosebabyisit?""anelephant's"sayssusan.

1.

a.grade

b.table

c.class

d.group2.

a.eachother's

b.their

c.theirs

d.eachother3.

a.all

b.two

c.both

d.either4.

a.angry

b.sorry

c.surprised

d.glad5.

a.interesting

b.interested

c.happy

d.satisfied6.

a.before

b.for

c.after

d.at7.

a.play

b.meet

c.weight

d.walk8.

a.hear

b.think

c.find

d.know9.

a.much

b.many

c.few

d.little10.

a.impossible

b.wrong

c.true

d.sure

完形填空(13)

itwassunday.inevergetupearly_1_sundays.isometimesstay_2_untillunchtime.lastsundayi_3_verylate.ilooked_4_thewindow.itwasdarkoutside."whataday!"ithought."it_5_again."justthenthetelephone_6_.itwasmyauntlucy."i'vejustarrived_7_train,"shesaid,"iamcomingto_8_you.""buti'mstillhavingbreakfast."isaid."whatareyoudoing?"shesaid."i'mhaving_9_,"irepeated."dearme,"shesaid,"doyoualwaysgetupso_10_?itisoneo'clock."

1.

a.for

b.on

c.at

d.in2.

a.atbed

b.inabed

c.oneabed

d.inbed3.

a.wenttowork

b.stoodup

c.gotup

d.was4.

a.outof

b.at

c.from

d.up5.

a.wasfine

b.israined

c.wasdark

d.israining6.

a.called

b.came

c.rang

d.stopped7.

a.by

b.on

c.with

d.in8.

a.ask

b.help

c.see

d.lookfor9.

a.tea

b.breakfast

c.supper

d.lunch10.

a.soon

b.slowly

c.early

d.late

答案一

[答案及解析]1、選c。從carol和susan每天在一起可推測(cè)她們同班。故c項(xiàng)class是正確選擇。不同班的學(xué)生，即使在同年級(jí)也接觸較少，故不選a。2．選a。本句意為她們經(jīng)?；ハ嗟綄?duì)方家里去玩，由此可知，home前應(yīng)該是一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)，b項(xiàng)人稱錯(cuò)誤，cd兩項(xiàng)是名詞性的，只有a項(xiàng)名詞所有格可起形容詞作用，修飾名詞home。3．選c。這里是指兩個(gè)人都八歲，both是代詞，指兩個(gè)人，all指三者以上，either指單數(shù)，two是數(shù)詞，只有c項(xiàng)both正確。4．選d。從下面carol經(jīng)常對(duì)susan談起她的小妹妹來(lái)看，carol得了小妹妹是很高興的。因此可推斷glad是正確答案。5．選b。在所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，與介詞連用的只有b項(xiàng)interested，其余三項(xiàng)無(wú)此用法，意思也不與上下文連貫，故應(yīng)排除。6．選c。這里是指過(guò)了一段時(shí)間，susan對(duì)此事厭倦了，應(yīng)該用after來(lái)表示，before是反義詞，for也表示一段時(shí)間，但那是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞持續(xù)的時(shí)間，本句謂語(yǔ)是終止性動(dòng)詞，故不妥。7．選b。本題是指兩個(gè)女孩在操場(chǎng)上遇見(jiàn)，若用play或walk，應(yīng)該用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)才對(duì)，c項(xiàng)明顯不合題意。8．選d。這里是carol告訴susan，所以說(shuō)doyouknow…即“你知道嗎？”這里用不著susan思考或發(fā)現(xiàn)，故應(yīng)排除bc兩項(xiàng)，容易混淆的是hear后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)作“聽(tīng)說(shuō)”解，“聽(tīng)說(shuō)”的是別人的事，自己家的事一般不會(huì)問(wèn)別人是否聽(tīng)說(shuō)，故a項(xiàng)也不正確。9．選a。本句是對(duì)上句的回答，應(yīng)選a項(xiàng)much意即“那不算多”，cd兩項(xiàng)意思相反，b項(xiàng)many要修飾可數(shù)名詞，均應(yīng)排除。10．選c。這時(shí)對(duì)susan所說(shuō)話真實(shí)性的否定，由于本句是否定句，故選c項(xiàng)true，ab兩項(xiàng)意思相反，d項(xiàng)sure的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是人，均不合題意。

二keys：1.is,smith2.in,class,in3.are,friends4.chinese5.chinese,cool三參考答案1．前句說(shuō)bob和sue同校，但下句意思不同，故應(yīng)用but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，選a。2．由于句中different“不同的”常修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，答案從lessons和classes兩個(gè)之間選，應(yīng)選a，表示他們同校但不同班。3．“在學(xué)?！笨捎胊tschool或inthe／aschool。容易混淆的是a答案，需要注意的是如果用in，school的前面須加冠詞，選d。4．由于主語(yǔ)是bob和sue，相對(duì)應(yīng)的物主代詞應(yīng)該用their，選d。5．表示幾點(diǎn)鐘介詞應(yīng)用at，選c。6．由于bob和sue在不同的班級(jí)，當(dāng)然由不同的教師任教，那么teacher應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式，選d。7．在英語(yǔ)課上老師講的當(dāng)然是英語(yǔ)，“用英語(yǔ)”介詞用in，選c。8．本題意思是“sue在上漢語(yǔ)課”，haveaclass表示“上課”，由于前面已有is，故應(yīng)用have的現(xiàn)在分詞，選a。9．“教師在講授寫作”，表示“談?wù)摗庇胻alkabout，答案選b。10．上句表達(dá)了他們熱愛(ài)老師，與老師相對(duì)應(yīng)的是學(xué)校，而不是家、衣服，故選c。分折此題考查學(xué)生綜合閱讀能力。解題的關(guān)鍵是理解文意，注意詞與詞之間的搭配以及上下文之間的聯(lián)系。學(xué)生易錯(cuò)的是不注意單復(fù)數(shù)。

四參考答案1.由于空前有定冠詞，選a2.everyone作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，選c3.由上句中they可推知該句應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的物主代詞their，選c4.saytosb.“對(duì)某人說(shuō)”選a5.welcomebacktoschool”歡迎回到學(xué)校“，選a6.由于主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，否定句借助動(dòng)詞doesn’t，放于動(dòng)詞know的前面7.該空指上句的theirnames.由于是復(fù)數(shù)形式，故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)代詞them，選b8.由于paper是不可數(shù)名詞，一張（紙）應(yīng)用apieceof(paper)。故選a9.老師在點(diǎn)名，而一男孩近來(lái)，說(shuō)明他來(lái)晚了，故選d10.“老師要求他下次應(yīng)早點(diǎn)到?！保c這次相比要早點(diǎn)，故要用early的比較級(jí)形式earlier.五參考答案此短文介紹了布萊克先生以及他們的孩子。第一空格句子意思是“布萊克先生來(lái)自英國(guó)”。表示“來(lái)自”可以用comefrom和befrom。但是隨著主語(yǔ)人稱的變化，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)改變其形式。mr.black是第三人稱單數(shù)，如果用comefrom，則應(yīng)為comesfrom；如果用befrom則應(yīng)用isfrom.1.題答案為b。第二空格句子意思是“他喜歡在中國(guó)工作”。like后面的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該加上ing。2題答案為a。第三空格句子意思是“他們和他都在中國(guó)”。表示“和某人一起”應(yīng)用“bewith”，故3題答案為d。第四空格句子意思是“他們?cè)谕凰鶎W(xué)校”。表示“相同：的”，same的前面應(yīng)該用定冠詞the，即thesame。4題答案為c。第五空格句子意思是“他們喜歡中國(guó)的什么”，應(yīng)該用whatdoyoulikeabout…?句型，表示喜歡的具體內(nèi)容，故5題答案為a。分析：此題考查學(xué)生綜合閱讀能力。既要讀懂全文，又要運(yùn)用正確的詞去補(bǔ)全短文。解題的關(guān)鍵是注意空格前后的詞語(yǔ)，看上下文的句意以及主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)、人稱和動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣用法。學(xué)生易錯(cuò)的是第3空格，將and與with互相混淆。and是連詞，表示并列；而with是介詞，常與其它動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如playwith…(玩耍)，talkwith(與…交談)，bewithsb(和某人一起)…等等。六參考答案解答這是一段介紹班級(jí)學(xué)生情況的短文，要求從供給的四個(gè)答案中選出最佳答案來(lái)完成短文內(nèi)容。1．由于后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是is，故主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是單數(shù)，答案為a。2．句子后有sam，表示人的名字，所以選d。3．句子中提到j(luò)ane和joy都是女孩的名字，那么應(yīng)該選c(girls)，同時(shí)，也與oneoftheboysisenglish．相呼應(yīng)。4．選b，表示“他們的”(名字)。5．“他們是我的朋友”，選b。6．除了這三個(gè)外國(guó)孩子外，其它的男生和女生都是中國(guó)人，選a。7．選b，表示“我們喜歡這英國(guó)男孩和美國(guó)女孩”。8．選c，表示“并列”。9．“我們幫助他們，他們幫助我們”，動(dòng)詞后面的人稱代詞用賓格，故選b。10．“他們正往這兒走來(lái)”，句子空格前有are，故應(yīng)選c。分析此題考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的能力。解題的關(guān)鍵是先通讀短文，弄清短文的大意，然后注意空格前后詞與詞之間、句與句之間的搭配和連貫。學(xué)生易錯(cuò)的是斷章取義，不注意上句與下句之間的連貫。

七參考答案答案：1.d2.b3.b4.d5.c6.c7.b8.c9.d10.d講解：1.根據(jù)空格后面的pictures可知應(yīng)該選d2.“燈”應(yīng)該是放在桌子上面的，所以應(yīng)該是選b3.一般來(lái)說(shuō)足球都不會(huì)放在桌子上，c、d兩項(xiàng)不符合題意，應(yīng)該排除4.這是問(wèn)方位。5.名詞性所有格應(yīng)該在名詞后面加’s。8.窗戶在墻上嵌著，用in9.too通常是放在所指字的后面，also是放在所指字的前面10.theirs本身表示的就是所屬關(guān)系，表示的是“他們的”，不應(yīng)該再加’，其他兩項(xiàng)不符合題意，所以選d八答案:1.he2.an3.his4.a5.its6.it7.at8.everyone講解：空1填“he”因?yàn)楸碚Z(yǔ)是“boy”，首字母大寫?？?填“an”因?yàn)椤癳nglish”以元音音素開(kāi)頭，表示“一個(gè)英國(guó)男孩”?？?填“his”因?yàn)樯俣ㄕZ(yǔ)修飾名詞“name”?？?填“a”表示“一只貓”，且“cat”以輔音音素開(kāi)頭?？?填“is”因?yàn)樯俣ㄕZ(yǔ)修飾名詞“name”?？?填“it”因少主語(yǔ)，指動(dòng)物（單數(shù)）。空7填“at”，固定短語(yǔ)“beatschool”意思是“在校”?？?填“everyone”，少主語(yǔ)，且系動(dòng)詞be是is,只能填單數(shù)名詞或整體概念的名詞或代詞。

九答案：1.b2.c3.a4.c5.b6.b7.c8.b9.b10.a講解：3．“黑板“不是在墻壁內(nèi)而是在墻壁上，所以用on5．表示的是給老師用的，所以應(yīng)該用for8.根據(jù)上下文，可以知道說(shuō)的是“teacher”的辦公桌，所有格形式應(yīng)該在teacher后加’s9.根據(jù)前句中的“flowers”可以知道是應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)的形式10．下句中的“she”,讓我們知道這是位女老師，在動(dòng)詞like后用賓格。

十參考答案講解：1．cgoesintoarestaurant走進(jìn)餐館。goin“進(jìn)入”，其后不加名詞。goout“出去”，其后加of和名詞連用。onto“到……上”。2．a(chǎn)him指上文的awell-dressedman.3．bdishes指各種好吃的“菜”。4．dhavinghismeal正在吃飯。a、b兩項(xiàng)在文中找不到，此文是有關(guān)午餐時(shí)的事情，排除c項(xiàng).5．c句中he指thewell—dressedman,him指theboy，所以c項(xiàng)正確。6．bgooutforanewspaper出去?。I報(bào)紙。7．c根據(jù)前后句內(nèi)容判斷，“男孩吃完冰洪淋，站起來(lái)向門口走去”。a項(xiàng)意思是“坐下”，b項(xiàng)“起床”，d項(xiàng)“下來(lái)”。8．a(chǎn)男孩沒(méi)有付款就走，服務(wù)員攔住他說(shuō)“打擾了，你……”9．d根據(jù)下文，“heisn'tmyfather．”得出：“你說(shuō)鍺了?！?0．b得此答案原因同第9題。

十一參考答案答案及解析1------5abcac6-------10baacb1.playwith是個(gè)固定詞組，表示“玩弄，玩”的意思。比如說(shuō)，don’tplaywiththefire,it’sdangerous.(不要玩火，太危險(xiǎn)了)2.表示兩個(gè)并列動(dòng)作，所以選用連詞and.3.短語(yǔ)comeback表示“回來(lái)”。4.指代上文提