辦公室座位安排學(xué)問(wèn)多

辦公室座位安排學(xué)問(wèn)多辦公室座位安排學(xué)問(wèn)多TheNewScienceofWhoSitsWhereatWorkOfficeworkersarebeingtreatedtoanewgame:musicalchairs.今，辦公室職員正被安排玩一個(gè)新游戲：搶椅子游戲。Byshiftingemployeesfromdesktodeskeveryfewmonths,scatteringthosewhodothesametypesofjobsandrethinkingwhichdepartmentstoplacesidebyside,companiessaytheycanincreaseproductivityandcollaboration.公司方面表示，通過(guò)讓員工每幾個(gè)月調(diào)換一次座位、將從事同類(lèi)工作的員工分散開(kāi)來(lái)以及重新考慮讓哪些部門(mén)坐在一起等方式，他們能夠提高生產(chǎn)率并促進(jìn)合作。Proponentssaysuchexperimentsnotonlycomewithalowpricetag,buttheycanhelpacompany'sbottomline,eveniftheyleaveafewdisgruntledworkersintheirwake.支持者稱(chēng)，這類(lèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)不僅成本低，而且有助于提高公司利潤(rùn)，雖然它們會(huì)引起一些員工的不滿(mǎn)。Inrecentyears,manycompanieshavemovedtowardopenfloorplansandunassignedseating,usheringmanagersoutoftheirofficesandclusteringworkersatcommunaltables.Butsomecompanies--especiallysmallstartupsandtechnologybusinesses--aretakingthetrendastepfurther,micromanagingwhositsnexttowhominanattempttogetmorefromtheiremployees.近年來(lái)，許多公司轉(zhuǎn)向開(kāi)放空間格局，不指定固定座位，引導(dǎo)管理者走出辦公室，并將員工聚在公用辦公桌旁。但一些公司（尤其是小型初創(chuàng)公司和科技公司）將這種趨勢(shì)又向前推進(jìn)了一步，它們對(duì)座位安排進(jìn)行微觀管理，以提高員工的生產(chǎn)率。'IfIchangethe[organizational]chartandyoustayinthesameseat,itdoesn'thaveverymuchofaneffect,'saysBenWaber,chiefexecutiveofSociometricSolutions,aBostoncompanythatusessensorstoanalyzecommunicationpatternsintheworkplace.'IfIkeeptheorgchartthesamebutchangewhereyousit,itisgoingtomassivelychangeeverything.'SociometricSolutions首席執(zhí)行長(zhǎng)本·瓦貝爾(BenWaber)稱(chēng)：“如果我改變（組織系統(tǒng)）圖，但你的座位保持不變，是不會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大效果的。如果我保持組織系統(tǒng)圖不變，但調(diào)整你的座位，則會(huì)讓一切產(chǎn)生巨大變化?！盨ociometricSolutions是一家波士頓公司，該公司用傳感器來(lái)分析工作場(chǎng)所的溝通模式。Mr.Wabersaysaworker'simmediateneighborsaccountfor40%to60%ofeveryinteractionthatworkerhasduringtheworkday,fromface-to-facechatstoemailmessages.Thereisonlya5%to10%chanceemployeesareinteractingwithsomeonetworowsaway,accordingtohisdata,whichisculledfromcompaniesintheretail,pharmaceuticalandfinanceindustries,amongothers.瓦貝爾說(shuō)，一名員工在工作日中的每一種互動(dòng)都有40%到60%是與鄰座展開(kāi)的，從面對(duì)面交談到電郵信息都是如此。他的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，員工與相隔兩排的同事進(jìn)行互動(dòng)的幾率僅為5%到10%。該數(shù)據(jù)采自零售、制藥和金融等行業(yè)的公司。Companiesshouldthinkcarefullyaboutwhomtheyputwhere,accordingtoexpertswhostudyofficedesignandworkplacepsychology.Groupingworkersbydepartmentcanfosterfocusandefficiency,saysChristianCatalini,anassistantprofessoratMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology'sSloanSchoolofManagement,butmixingthemupcanleadtoexperimentationandthepotentialforbreakthroughideas.研究辦公室設(shè)計(jì)和工作場(chǎng)所心理學(xué)的專(zhuān)家們表示，公司應(yīng)該認(rèn)真考慮把什么人安排在什么位置就座。麻省理工學(xué)院(MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology)斯隆管理學(xué)院(SloanSchoolofManagement)的助理教授克里斯蒂安·卡塔利尼(ChristianCatalini)表示，讓員工按部門(mén)就座有助于提高專(zhuān)注程度和工作效率，但讓不同部門(mén)的員工混坐能鼓勵(lì)員工大膽嘗試，還能激發(fā)可產(chǎn)生突破性創(chuàng)意的潛力。MODCoMedia,aNewYorkadvertisingagency,hastestedthreedifferentseatingarrangementsoverthepastfewyears.Foraboutsixmonths,thecompanyintermingleditsaccountantsandmediabuyers,hopingtheywouldbegintoabsorbeachothers'skillsthrough'osmosis'and'overhearingphonecalls.'紐約廣告公司MODCoMedia在過(guò)去幾年里試用了三種不同的座位安排。該公司讓會(huì)計(jì)和媒介采購(gòu)員混坐了約六個(gè)月，希望他們能通過(guò)“耳濡目染”和“偷聽(tīng)電話(huà)”來(lái)相互借鑒。TheexperimentendedupsavingMODCo'acouplehundredthousanddollarsayear,'saysCEOErikDochtermann,butitturnedoutbadlyfortheaccountants.ThemediabuyersbegantounderstandthefinancialsideofthebusinesssowellthatMODConolongerneededafullaccountingdepartment.Now,themediabuyers'dotheaccountancyonthefly'andthecompany'schieffinancialofficercheckstheirwork,saysMr.Dochtermann.該公司首席執(zhí)行長(zhǎng)埃里克·多克特曼(ErikDochtermann)表示，這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)最終讓公司“一年節(jié)省了幾十萬(wàn)美元”，但對(duì)會(huì)計(jì)來(lái)說(shuō)卻成了壞事。媒介采購(gòu)員能夠很好地理解業(yè)務(wù)的財(cái)務(wù)面，好到MODCo不再需要財(cái)務(wù)部的全班人馬了。多克特曼稱(chēng)，媒介采購(gòu)員現(xiàn)在會(huì)“就手做做會(huì)計(jì)工作”，公司的首席財(cái)務(wù)長(zhǎng)會(huì)檢查他們的工作。Otherseatingconfigurationshavehelpedinspirenewproductsandexpeditedthetrainingofnewemployees,hesays.他說(shuō)，其他一些座位安排有助于促進(jìn)新產(chǎn)品研發(fā)，并加快新員工培訓(xùn)速度。AttravelwebsiteK,co-founderandChiefTechnologyOfficerPaulEnglishhasjokedaboutdevelopinganalgorithmtocaptureallthatgoesintodevisinghisseatingplanfortheengineeringteam.旅游網(wǎng)站K聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人兼首席技術(shù)長(zhǎng)保羅·英格利希(PaulEnglish)戲稱(chēng)，要開(kāi)發(fā)一種算法來(lái)捕捉?jīng)Q定工程師團(tuán)隊(duì)座位設(shè)計(jì)方案的所有因素。Heusesnewhiresasanexcusetoaltertheexistinglayoutandthinkscarefullyabouteachworker'simmediateneighb