專題1.Unit1ScienceandScientists第一講ReadingandThinking（學生版）

第一講ReadingandThinking目標導航jing目標導航jing重點詞匯n．霍亂2．n.腹瀉3．n.脫水4．n.微生物；細菌；病菌5．n.流行病學6．n.顯微鏡7．a(chǎn)dj.相互矛盾的；對立的；不一致的8．n.證據(jù)；證明；檢驗9．vt.&vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對象10．vt.把……歸咎于；責怪；指責n.責備；指責11．n.把手；拉手；柄vt.處理；搬動；操縱(車輛、動物、工具等)12．a(chǎn)dj.大量的；價值巨大的；重大的13．n．[pl.]統(tǒng)計數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計資料；統(tǒng)計學14．vt.使改觀；使改變形態(tài)vi.改變；轉(zhuǎn)變詞匯拓展1．severeadj.極為惡劣的；十分嚴重的；嚴厲的→adv.嚴重地；嚴厲地；嚴格地2．frustratedadj.懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的→n．挫?。痪趩?．infectionn．感染；傳染→vt.使感染；傳染→adj.感染的；(疾病)傳染性的；(病人)有傳染性的→adj.帶菌的；感染病菌的4．subscribevi.認購(股份)；定期訂購；定期交納(會費)→n．訂閱(費)；用戶費5．multipleadj.數(shù)量多的；多種多樣的→v．乘；(使)大大增加；繁殖6．interventionn．介入；出面；干涉→vi.介入；干預7．pureadj.干凈的；純的；純粹的→vt.使純凈；凈化→adv.完全地；僅僅重點詞組1．最終地；徹底地2．同意；贊同3．幸虧；由于4．經(jīng)過一段時間之后；遲早5．照顧；護理6．總的說來；從總體上看7．很可能做某事8．死于；因……而死9．因此，由于；作為……的結果10．開始做事；開始認真考慮某事重點句型1.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamebecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.(教材P2)作為一名年輕的醫(yī)生，約翰·斯諾變得沮喪，因為沒有人知道如何防治霍亂。2.Snowthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.(教材P2)斯諾懷疑是水泵的問題。3.ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,waterpaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantial.(教材P3)經(jīng)過斯諾的不懈努力，供水公司開始銷售純凈水，世界各地的霍亂威脅也大量減少。4.Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,theworkofJohnSnow.(教材P3)幸運的是，由于約翰·斯諾的努力，我們現(xiàn)在知道如何預防霍亂了。5.Thiswaswhenyoushouldhavecalmeddownanddoingsomesolidwork.(教材P5)這時候你本應該冷靜下來，開始做一些扎實的工作。知識點睛jing知識點睛jing原文呈現(xiàn)JOHNSNOWDEFEATS①“KINGCHOLERA②【1】【1】本篇文章的標題JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”使用一般現(xiàn)在時表明這是個客觀事實，不容置疑。Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovere.Thisillnesscausessevere③diarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakof④cholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustrated⑤becausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime⑥，herose⑦tobeeafamousdoctor，andevenattendedto⑧QueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth⑨.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall⑩.Ingeneral?，doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictory?theoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfection?fromgerms?infoodorwater.Snowsubscribedto?thesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof?.Consequently?，whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays【2】．Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.【2】這是一個復合句，thatintwo...tendays為賓語從句。該從句中的“so...that...”引導結果狀語從句。Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived【3】．Thereweremultiple?deaths?nearthewaterpump?inBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40)．However,somehouseholdseq\o(○,\s\up3(21))(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedeq\o(○,\s\up3(22))thatthewaterpumpwastoblameeq\o(○,\s\up3(23)).Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday【4】．Asaresultofthisevidence，JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordinglyeq\o(○,\s\up3(24)),hehadthehandleeq\o(○,\s\up3(25))ofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused【5】．Throughthisinterventioneq\o(○,\s\up3(26)),thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.【3】畫線部分中的where和who都引導定語從句，分別修飾先行詞places和those?！?】Itseemsthat...表示“似乎……，看起來……”；haditdelivered...everyday屬于“havesthdone”結構，該結構可表示“請/派別人做某事”。【5】sothat在此引導目的狀語從句。ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Moreover,Snowwaslaterabletoshowalinkeq\o(○,\s\up3(27))betweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwaterpaniesinLondon.SomepaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyraweq\o(○,\s\up3(28))waste.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogeteq\o(○,\s\up3(29))cholerathanthosewhodrankpureeq\o(○,\s\up3(30))orboiledwater.ThroughSnow’stirelesseffortseq\o(○,\s\up3(31)),waterpaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecreaseeq\o(○,\s\up3(32)).However,choleraisstillaproblem.Eachyear,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit.Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstoeq\o(○,\s\up3(33))theworkofJohnSnow.Moreovereq\o(○,\s\up3(34)),inhisuseofmapsandstatistics，Snowtransformedeq\o(○,\s\up3(35))thewayscientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology.,課文譯文約翰·斯諾戰(zhàn)勝“霍亂王”霍亂曾經(jīng)是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，直到英國醫(yī)生約翰·斯諾(向人們)展示了如何能戰(zhàn)勝它(它才不那么可怕)。這種疾病會導致嚴重的腹瀉、脫水，甚至死亡。19世紀初，歐洲發(fā)生霍亂，數(shù)百萬人死于這種疾病。作為一名年輕的醫(yī)生，約翰·斯諾變得沮喪，因為沒人知道如何預防和治療霍亂。后來，他成了名醫(yī)，甚至在維多利亞女王分娩時還照料她。但他從未放棄徹底消滅霍亂的愿望?？偟膩碚f，當時的醫(yī)生對霍亂的傳播的解釋有兩種相互矛盾的理論。一種理論是這種疾病是由糟糕的空氣導致的。另一種理論是霍亂是由食物或水中的細菌感染引起的。斯諾贊同第二種理論。這是對的．但他仍然需要證據(jù)。因此，1854年倫敦發(fā)生霍亂后，斯諾開始調(diào)查。他發(fā)現(xiàn)，在兩條特別的街道上，霍亂疫情非常嚴重，十天內(nèi)就有500多人死亡。他下定決心要找出原因。斯諾首先在地圖上標出了所有死者曾經(jīng)生活的精確地點。許多死亡病例是在寬街水泵附近(尤其是16號、37號、38號和40號房屋)。然而，一些家庭(如寬街20號和21號，劍橋街8號和9號)卻沒有人死亡。這些人在劍橋街7號的酒吧工作。他們得到了免費的啤酒，所以沒有飲用水泵里的水。斯諾懷疑是水泵的問題。更重要的是，在倫敦的另一個地方，一位婦女和她的女兒從寬街搬走后也因霍亂而死。這個女人似乎非常喜歡(飲用)水泵里的水，因此她每天都讓人把水送到她家?；谶@個證據(jù)，約翰·斯諾得以宣布水泵中的水攜帶了霍亂病菌。因此，他把水泵的手柄拆除了，這樣水泵就不能用了。通過這種干預，霍亂才中斷了。事實上，寬街水泵的水已被廢物污染了。此外，斯諾后來能夠指出其他霍亂病例與倫敦不同供水公司之間的聯(lián)系。一些公司出售泰晤士河的水，而河水被未經(jīng)處理的廢物污染了。喝這種水的人比喝純凈水或白開水的人更易得霍亂。通過斯諾的不懈努力，供水公司開始銷售純凈水，世界各地的霍亂威脅也大量減少。然而，霍亂仍然是一個問題。每年，世界各地有數(shù)百萬人感染霍亂，許多人因霍亂喪生。幸運的是，由于約翰·斯諾的努力，我們現(xiàn)在知道如何預防霍亂了。此外，斯諾利用地圖和統(tǒng)計學改變了科學家研究疾病的方法。因此，斯諾被認為是現(xiàn)代流行病學之父。知識解析一.frustratedadj.懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.(教材P2)作為一名年輕的醫(yī)生，約翰·斯諾變得沮喪，因為沒有人知道如何防治霍亂?！揪v】feelfrustratedat/with對……感到沮喪/懊惱frustratevt.使懊喪；使懊惱；挫?。蛔柚?；防止frustratingadj.令人懊惱的；令人沮喪的(常形容事物)frustrationn．[U]懊喪；沮喪[C，usuallypl.]令人懊喪(或懊惱、沮喪)的事物①Theyfeltfrustratedthelackofprogress.沒有進展，他們感到沮喪。②Thehunterfeltveryashehadn’tcaughtanyanimals.獵人感到很沮喪，因為他沒有捕捉到任何動物。③Everyjobhasitsdifficultiesand(frustrate)．每份工作都有其困難和令人懊惱之處。[語境串記]Whatfrustratedmemostwasthefrustratingnewsaboutthefootballmatch,whoseresultmadeeveryoneherefrustrated.最讓我沮喪的是這個令人沮喪的關于足球比賽的消息，比賽結果使這里的每個人都很沮喪。二.suspectvt.&vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.(教材P2)斯諾懷疑是水泵的問題?！揪v】(1)suspectthat...懷疑/認為……(尤指壞事可能屬實或發(fā)生)suspectsbtobe...懷疑某人是……suspectsbof(doing)sth懷疑某人(做過)某事(2)amurdersuspect殺人嫌疑犯themain/primesuspect首要嫌疑人①Thepolicesuspectedhimof(tell)alieabouthismovementslastnight.警方懷疑他關于昨晚的行蹤說了謊。②IfthemotherhasaorconfirmedCOVID－19case,breastfeedingshouldbestoppedandsheshouldbeseparatedfromthebaby.如果母親疑似或被確診感染新型冠狀病毒肺炎，則應中止母乳喂養(yǎng)，母親應與嬰兒隔離。[名師提醒]有些單詞詞性不同，發(fā)音不同。作名詞時重音在前，作動詞時重音在后，即“名前動后”。三.blamevt.把……歸咎于；責怪；指責(教材P2)【精講】(1)blamesbfor(doing)sth因(做)某事責備某人blamesthon...把某事歸咎于……betoblame(forsth)(對某事)負有責任(2)taketheblamefor對……承擔責任put/lay/placetheblameforsthon...把某事歸咎于……Ifthathappens，thecoachwilltaketheblameforit.如果發(fā)生那樣的事，教練將對此承擔責任。[語境串記]Heisblamedforthebigmistake,butheblameditonothers.Infact,itishe,notothers,thatistoblameforit.他因這次嚴重的錯誤受到了責備，但他把它歸咎于別人。事實上，應該是他，而不是別人，對此負責。四.handlen．把手；拉手；柄vt.處理；搬動；操縱(車輛、動物、工具等)Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.(教材P2)因此，他把水泵的手柄拆除了，這樣水泵就不能用了。[一詞多義]寫出下列句中handle的詞性及含義【精講】①Slowlyhestooped(彎腰)down,graspedthehandlesonbothsidesofthebox,andgatheredallhisstrengthtoliftit.n.把手②Butwhenhefinallyreachedher,thewomanfloodedhimwithquestions：“Whoareyou？Whatantiqueshop？”However,whenshehungup,sheregrettedthewayshehadhandledthecall.vt.處理③Iwasn’tsureifIcouldhandlesuchapowerfulcar.vt.操縱④Thelabelontheboxsaid：“Fragile.Handlewithcare.”vt.搬動五.linkn．聯(lián)系；紐帶vt.把……連接起來；相關聯(lián)；挽住Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwaterpaniesinLondon.(教材P3)此外，斯諾后來能夠指出其他霍亂病例與倫敦不同供水公司之間的聯(lián)系。【精講】(1)link...to/with...把……與……連接/聯(lián)系起來belinkedto/with與……有聯(lián)系/關系(2)alinkbetween...and...……與……之間的關系/聯(lián)系arail/road/telephonelink鐵路/公路/線①Thenewly－builtsubwaywilllinktheairportthecitycentre.新建的地鐵將把機場和市中心連接起來。②Yellowisgenerallylinkedconfidence,self－respectandfriendliness.黃色一般與自信、自尊和友好聯(lián)系在一起。③Inmyopinion,thereisaclosebetweenteachersandstudents.在我看來，師生之間有著密切的關系。六.decreasen．減少；降低；減少量ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,waterpaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.(教材P3)經(jīng)過斯諾的不懈努力，供水公司開始銷售純凈水，世界各地的霍亂威脅也大量減少?！揪v】(1)decrease(from...)to(從……)減少到……(表示減少后的量)decreaseby減少了……(表示減少的量)decreasein在……方面減少(2)adecreasein...……的減少onthedecrease在減少①Thisspeciesofbirdisinnumbereveryyear.這種鳥的種類在逐年減少。②Thepriceofwheathasdecreased5%。小麥價格降低了5%。③Therehasbeentrafficaccidents.交通事故減少了。④Thechargefortransportationisthedecreasebecauseoflowerfuelcosts.由于更低的燃料成本，運輸費用在降低。[鏈接寫作]補全句子⑤Thenewlawhaseintoeffect,andthenumberofwildanimalshereisincreasing/ontheincreasenow.新的法律已經(jīng)生效，這里的野生動物的數(shù)量正在增加。七.subscribeto同意；贊同；訂購；捐款Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.(教材P2)斯諾贊同第二種理論?！揪v】[一詞多義]寫出下列句中subscribeto的含義①Weprefertosubscribetoanalternativeexplanation.贊同②Subscribetothemagazinefortwelvemonthsandyouwillreceiveafreelimited－editionT－shirt.訂閱③HeisoneofthemillionswhosubscribetotheNSPCC.捐款八.thanksto幸虧；由于Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.(教材P3)幸運的是，由于約翰·斯諾的努力，我們現(xiàn)在知道如何預防霍亂了。【精講】表示“由于；因為”的其他常用短語becauseof因為；由于(常作狀語)owingto由于；因為(作狀語或表語)asaresultof作為……的結果；由于(作狀語)dueto因為；由于(作狀語或表語)onaccountof由于；因為(作狀語或表語)①Hisfailureisthefactthathelacksexperience.他的失敗是由于缺少經(jīng)驗。②Thetrainarrivedlateaheavysnow.火車因為大雪晚點了。③Hewasinjuredacaraccident.他因為車禍受傷了。九.getdownto開始干，著手做Thiswaswhenyoushouldhavecalmeddownandgotdowntodoingsomesolidwork.(教材P5)這時候你本應該冷靜下來，開始做一些扎實的工作。【精講】getacross(to)(使)被理解；(把……)講清楚getaround/round(消息等)傳開getover越過(墻等)，克服(困難、偏見等)getthrough(使)通過，()接通，辦完①TheinformationontheInternetgetsmuchmorerapidlythanthatinthenewspaper.網(wǎng)上的信息比報紙上的信息傳播得要快得多。②Iamsurehewillgethisillness.我相信他一定會戰(zhàn)勝疾病的。③Howlongwillittakeustogetthecustoms?通過海關檢查要花費我們多長時間？[名師提醒]表示“開始做某事”的結構還有：begin/starttodo/doingsth,setaboutdoingsth,setouttodosth等。[鏈接寫作]補全句子④I’mgoingtogetdowntostudyingEnglishthisterm.這學期我要開始學英語了。十.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.(教材P2)他發(fā)現(xiàn)，在兩條特定的街道上，霍亂疫情非常嚴重，十天內(nèi)就有500多人死亡。【精講】(1)so...that...意為“如此……以至于……”，引導結果狀語從句，此結構中so為副詞，后面跟形容詞或副詞。其結構為：so＋eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(adj./adv.＋that...,adj.＋a（n）＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋that...,many/few/much/little（少）...＋n.＋that...))(2)such...that作“如此……以至于”，連接一個表示結果的狀語從句時，與so...that意思相同，但用法不同。such后邊要跟名詞(這個名詞前面可以帶形容詞，也可以不帶)，such...that的句型結構可分以下三種：①such＋a(n)＋adj.＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋that...②such＋adj.＋可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)＋that...③such＋adj.＋不可數(shù)名詞＋that...①Thisissuchaninterestingbookthatweallenjoyreadingit.→Thisisweallenjoyreadingit.這本書非常有趣，我們都喜歡看。②Hehadtodohewasbusyalldaylong.他要做的事情太多，以至于整天忙個不停。2.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshetoherhouseeveryday.(教材P2)這個女人似乎非常喜歡(飲用)水泵里的水，因此她每天都讓人把水送到她家。havesthdone結構中過去分詞作賓語補足語，表示被動的含義，此結構有時也可以用getsthdone來替換；其常用三種含義如下：(1)表示“讓某人做某事”(2)表示“遭遇到某種不幸；受到打擊”(3)表示“做完某事(主語可能參與其中)”①Imusttoday.我今天一定要找人修我的自行車。②Hewhenplayingfootball.他踢足球時把腿弄斷了。[鏈接寫作]補全句子③Hehadhisputerrepairedlastweekend.上周末他讓人修理了他的電腦。分層練習分層練習題組A基礎過關練一.根據(jù)首字母或漢語提示拼寫單詞1．Whatwasitthatmadeher(改變)fromanordinarywomanintoasuccessfullady?2．Ididn’tknowhowto(應對)thesituation,butanideasuddenlystruckmethatIcouldturntomybestfriendforhelp.3．Whattheymaynotknowisthatsomebottledwatermaynotbeas(干凈的)astheyexpect.4．Householdbehaviouractuallycanmakea(重大的)difference,reducinggreenhousegasemissions,accordingtoresearchersfromMichiganStateUniversityandVanderbiltUniversity.5．Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃，itfoundthat(多種多樣的)changestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.6．Accordingtothelatestrule,peopleshallsort(家庭)garbageintofourcategories.7．Thedestructionoftheearthquakewassothatitmighttakeyearstorebuildthecity.8．Ikeepgettingadvice—somepeopletellmetokeepitwarmandsometellmetoputiceonit.9．SincetheoftheNovelcoronavirusdisease,theChinesehavebeenmakingall－outeffortstobattleagainstit.10．Researchersclaimtohavefoundthethatgettingaregulareight－h(huán)oursleepeverynightmakesarealdifferencetoourhealth.二.單句語法填空1．Heisinghere(pure)becausehewantstoparticipateinthefootballchampionshipsagain.2．Thepolicesuspectedhimhavingapartinthejewelrobbery.3．Thevaccineisdevelopedtoprotectthewholepopulationagainst(infect)ofCOVID－19.4．ItwasreportedthatGermanyhadtakenalotofmeasurestoslowtherateofinfection,includingclosinghairandbeautystudios.Othernon－essentialshops(shut)already.5．Ifeelitisbothofyouwhoare(blame)forthespoiledchild.6．Thenewstudentissincerethatallclassmateswanttomakefriendswithher.7．seemedthatthesealiondidn’tmindbeingwiththetouristsatall.8．WangPengsatinhisemptyrestaurantfeelingvery(frustrate)becausenocustomershadetohisrestauranteversincehegotupinthemorning.9．Thewaythathedidthingswas(contradiction)towhathehadsaidearlierthisweek.10．Your(subscribe)willbeautomaticallyrenewedeachmonthwithoutnoticeuntilyoucancelit.三.選詞填空subscribeto,diefrom,attendto,onceandforall,ingeneral，forthisreason,thanksto,asaresultof,whatismore,findout,intime1．WhentheoutbreakofCOVID－19hittheworld,tensofthousandsofpeoplethedisease.2．Inthosedaysdoctorshadtwocontradictorytheories.Snowthesecondtheory.3．Hewasdeterminedtothetruthofthisincident.4．,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.5．,herosetobeeafamousdoctor,andevenQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.6．However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholera．7．,physicsisonlyonescienceamongmany.8．thisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.9．theChinesepeople’sunitedandarduousefforts,thesituationinChinaisgettingbetter.10．,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology.四．.補全句子1．Notmanypeoplemoneycanbringhappiness.并不是很多人贊同金錢能帶來幸福的觀點。2．Cathyhadquitherjobwhenhersonwasbornandraiseherfamily.凱西在兒子出生時就辭掉了工作，以便能留在家里養(yǎng)家。3．mostofthestudentswenttosleep.這堂課如此無聊以至于大多數(shù)學生都睡著了。4．theyknowwhatthey’redoing.看來，他們知道自己在干什么。題組B能力提升練一.課文語法填空Intheearly19thcentury,anoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,1.(cause)millionsofdeaths.Seeingthis,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Atthattime,doctors2.(have)twotheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onewasthatbadaircausedthediseaseandanotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.JohnSnowdiscoveredthatintwoparticularstreets3.choleraoutbreakwassoseverethatover500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.Through4.(he)seriousinvestigation,hefounditwasthepumpwaterinBroadStreetcontaininggerms5.resultedintheoutbreakofcholera.Therefore,hehadthehandleofthepump6.(remove)sothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.ItturnedoutthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpump7.(infect)bywaste.Moreover,Snowwaslaterabletoshowalink8.othercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwater9.(pany)inLondon.ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,waterpaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.10.(fortunate),wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.二.語法填空NooneissurehowmanyAmericansbelongtoreadinggroupscalledbookclubs.Yet1.(publisher)andbookstoresreportthatmoreandmorepeoplethroughouttheUnitedStatesarejoining2.(they)．Mostoftheclubsworkthesameway.Membersreadthesamebookatthesametime.Thentheymeettotalkaboutthebook.Membersmaybefriendsorpeople3.liveneareachother.SomeAmericansbelongtoreadinggroupson4.Internet.Thesegroupsincludepeoplearoundtheworldwhomunicateaboutbookstheyread.Theysendelectronicmailsinsteadofgathering5.(discuss)books.Mostreadinggroupsstudybooksby6.(variety)writers.However，somegroupsreadtheworkofasinglewriter，7.(usual)onethathasbeenfamousforawhile.Othergroupsmay8.(name)afteranimportantpersonintheworkofthewriter，9.aSherlockHolmesClub.Membersofthesebookclubsoftenareexpertsabouttheir10.(choose)readingmaterials.OnememberofaHolmesreadinggroup，forexample，canidentifyalmosteverypersonineverySherlockHolmesstory.題組C培優(yōu)拔尖練WhataScientistIsLikeIfyouwereaskedtoimagineascientist,whatimagewouldetoyourmind?Themonideathatmostkidsfromkindergartenthroughcollegehaveofascientistisamanwearingawhitelabcoatwithmessyhair,bigglasses,andseveralglasscupsofmysteriouscolourfulliquidsgivingoffcloudsofsmoke.Asforadults,themajorityviewscientistsasstrangepeoplewhospend100hoursaweekslavingawayinalonelylaboratory.However,therealityisquitedifferent.RecentlyI’vehadachancetotakepartinascientificexperiencefarfrommylaboratoryandintoCostaRica.Itsupportsahugeamountofwildlifeduetoitsg