講次17 閱讀理解解題策略指導-2021年高考英語題型大沖關(guān)（上海專用）

得閱讀者得天下！閱讀理解歷來都是英語測試的重中之重，閱讀恐懼也是每位考生最大的應試恐懼。以總

結(jié)了“重、定、劃、看、防、讀”閱讀理解六字真訣，希望對閱讀理解解題有所啟示。

一、“重”----”重文本”

“重文本讀懂文章最重要。文本是題源所在，如果將考生比作勘探人員，那么文本就是他們的勘探場

所。撰題者正式通過對文章的深入剖析，才將一個個地寶藏埋藏其中，讓考生去發(fā)掘。所以讀懂文本不僅

是正確解題的第一步，也是最關(guān)鍵的一步。

1、首尾在心，緊扣中心

任何一位作者都會有自己的寫作意圖，任何一篇文章都會有自己的中心主旨，而能否明晰作者的寫作

意圖，能否把握文章的主旨，是理解一篇文章的關(guān)鍵，也是閱讀水平高低的體現(xiàn)。為了考察考生對文章的

理解程度和閱讀水平，出題者必然會以各種方式對作者的寫作意圖與文章的主旨要義進行考察。一般來說,

文章的主旨經(jīng)常會被表述在文章的首尾中，首尾既包括文章的首段尾段，又包括每一段的段首句和段尾句。

要想快速把握文章中心，文本之首尾段和各段之首尾句是最佳切入點，因此同學們應格外注意它們。

2、學會跳讀，心中有圖

閱讀理解要做到心中既有森林，又有樹木，既要統(tǒng)攬全文，又要主次有別。跳讀即可用來通讀全文，

了解大意，又可用來搜尋細節(jié)，鎖定被考察信息——如此既把握了整體，又不會忽視細節(jié)。在跳讀時一定

不要借用母語翻譯，而要通過情景想象、提綱列表、重點連線、簡圖示意等手段來梳理文章脈絡(luò)，使之直

觀化、形象化、具體化。

3、善于猜測詞義

各類考試都允許出現(xiàn)3%的超綱詞匯，這些詞匯往往文中都會給出暗示，考生可以根據(jù)上下文來推斷他

們的意思；有些其后則會緊跟其同位語，直接對其進行解釋說明；有的詞匯（多數(shù)為名詞）只需判定它是

某類事物即可，比如人名、地名、某類動、植物等等，而無須弄明白其具體意思；有些詞真是猜不出意思

也不必太在意，因為一、兩個詞不認識根本不會對文章理解帶來障礙，一定不能因之而恐慌，從而影響發(fā)

揮。對于詞義猜測試題中的超綱詞，文中肯定會對其進行或解釋、或同義、或暗示，只要細心，只要思路

開闊，就一定能發(fā)現(xiàn)線索，確定其含義。

二、定——“定區(qū)間”

“定區(qū)間”。就是能夠圈定各題答案的范圍。出題者一般都是根據(jù)文本的某一段，或某一段的某一句，或某

一句的某一詞，或根據(jù)隱藏在字里行間的作者的暗示進行題設(shè)。這就要求做題時要進行回想、返查，鎖定

與問題相關(guān)信息的所在區(qū)域，為正確解題打基礎(chǔ)。這個過程就像捉迷藏一樣，要想找到文本中躲藏的“貓貓”,

就必須對藏躲“貓貓”的區(qū)域諳熟于心，進而準確定位，圈定范圍，定能一抓一個準。

三、劃——“劃根據(jù)”

作答時理由要充分，并在文章中劃出解題依據(jù)。能夠在文本中劃出解題根據(jù)是正確解題的關(guān)鍵，更是

閱讀理解不丟分的保障，在做閱讀理解時要做到“不見根據(jù)不做題”。理由充分，根據(jù)鑿實，這是“不僅知其

然，而且知其所以然”的超高境界，是閱讀水平提高的最大見證。從這種意義上講，“戈中,字訣是“重、定、戈I、

看、防、讀''六字真訣之尤為重要者。

四、看——“看轉(zhuǎn)換”

注意同一意思的不同表述（同意轉(zhuǎn)述）。英語語言相當豐富，同一意思會有多種不同表達，以避免語言

表述上的單調(diào)重復?？荚囍谐Ｒ姷念}型“同意改寫”就是考察學生的這一能力的。以句型“決定做某事”為例，

英語中就有不下就中表達：

1.decidetodosth.

2.makeadecisiontodosth.

3.determinetodosth.

4.bedeterminedtodosth.

5.makeadeterminationtodosth

6.resolvetodosth.

7.makearesolutiontodosth.

8.makeupone'smindtodosth.

9.setone,smindtodosth.

出題者設(shè)計試題時總會用不同的語言結(jié)構(gòu)對文本中的某些信息進行同意轉(zhuǎn)述。有的轉(zhuǎn)述會很明顯，可以一

目了然；但也不乏隱含很深的轉(zhuǎn)述

五、防——“防陷井”

鎖定是“true”還是“nottrue"，辨明形近詞。英語閱讀中的陷阱設(shè)置最常見的有兩種，判斷對錯真假型和

詞形相近型。對于判斷對錯真假型，考生做題前一定要認真審題，看準是“true”還是“nottrue"，是“right”還

是“wrong”，然后才著手解題。對于詞形相近型要做只有兩個字“細心”，三思而后選。只要細心，此類陷阱

就會很容易被識破。歸根到底，“防”的主要對象是自己，防止慌張，防止粗心大意，防止那些"想當然''的想

法，防止自己的驕傲情緒——只要沉著應對，處處留心，任何陷阱都會被識別發(fā)現(xiàn)的。

六、讀---“讀全項”

做判斷時要通讀每一題的所有選項，區(qū)分鑒別，選擇最佳。閱讀理解是從三個或四個選項中選出一個

最佳選項，解題時考生要通讀所有選項，比較鑒別，確定最佳。切不可挑讀臆斷，匆匆作答。比如做判斷

對錯真假型試題時，選項中會有“一對三錯”或"三對一錯”，通讀全項就會補救誤讀題干所造成的過失。

一、“重”——《重文本”，讀懂文章最重要。

i＞首尾在心，緊扣中心

例如:

Whatdoyouwanltobewhenyougrowup?Ateacher?Adoctor?Howaboutanice-creamtaster?

Yes,therereallyisajobwhereyoucangetpaidtotasteice-cream.JustaskJohnHarrion,an"OfficialTaste

Tester“fbrthepast21years.Testinghelpsmanufacturerstobesureofaproduct'squality.Duringhiscareer

Harrisonhasbeenresponsibleforapprovinglargequantitiesofthesweeticecream—aswellasfbrdeveloping

over75flavors（味道）.

Somepeoplethinkthatitwouldbeeasytodothisjob,afterall,youjusthavetolikeicecream,right?No一

there'smoretothejobthanthat,saysHarrison,whohasadegreeinchemistry.Hepointsoutthatadairyor

food-sciencedegreewouldbeveryusefultosomeonewantingacareerinthis"cool"field.

Inatypicalmorningonthejob,Harrisontastesandassesses60ice-creamsamples.Heletstheicecream

warmuptoabout12°F.Harrisonexplains,"Yougetmoreflavorfromwarmericecream,whichiswhysomekids

liketostirit,creatingice-creamsoup.”

Whiletheicecreamwarmsup,Harrisonlooksoverthesamplesandgradeseachoneonitsappearance.

“Tastingbeginswiththeeyes,,,heexplains.Hecheckstoseeiftheicecreamisattractiveandaskshimself,"Does

theproducthavethecolorexpectedfromthatflavor?^^Nextit'stimetotaste!

Continuingtothinkupnewideas,tryoutnewflavors,andtestsamplesfromsomanykindsoficecreameach

daykeepsHairisonbusybuthappy-workingatonecooljob.

65.WhatisJohnHarrison'sjob?

A.Anofficial.B.Anice-creamtaster.

C.Achemist.D.Anice-creammanufacturer.

66.Whichofthefollowingisprobablythebesttitleofthepassage?

A.TastingwithEyesB.FlavorsofIceCream

C.JohnHarrison'sLifeD.OneCoolJob

【答案】BD

【解析】本文講述社會上出現(xiàn)的一種很酷的工作（cooljob）-冰淇淋調(diào)味師。根據(jù)文章首尾段，可以很

快鎖定答案。

例如：

Chimpswillcooperateincertainways,likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirteiritoey.Butbeyondthe

minimumrequirementsassocialbeings,IheyhavelitlleinstincK本能）tohelponeanother.ChimpsinIhewildseek

foodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwith[heirchildren,whoareablefroma

youngagetogathertheirownfood.

Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon'tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinone

plateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreatereffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighborinthenextcage,

hewillpullatrandom-hejustdoesn'tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.

Humanchildren,ontheotherhand,arenaturallycooperative.Fromtheearliestages,theydesiretohelp

others,toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohas

studiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18

monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.

Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught,butnaturally

possessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestarted

totraintheirchildrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthe

childrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelopsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneral

cognitive（認知的）skills,atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomasello,thehumanchildren

didnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocial

world.

Thecoreofwhatchildren'smindshaveandchimps'don'tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.Partof

thisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.Butbeyondthat,evenveryyoungchildrenwant

tobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa"we"、agroupthatintendstoworktowardashared

goal.

60.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.thehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildren

B.waystotrainchildren'ssharedintentionality

C.cooperationasadistinctivehumannature

D.thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren

【答案】c

【解析】主旨大意題，從文章首段及尾段即推斷。本文屬于科普說明文，作者從猩猩的自私行為導入到人

類無私幫助他人的本能，分析了人類具有愿意幫助他人、愿意與他人合作的本能的原因。

例如:

Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearn,butitalso

offersaninspiringlookatscienceandscientists.Whydoyoungchildrenandscientistsseemtobesomuchalike?

Psychologistshavesuggestedthatscienceasaneffort-thedesiretoexplore,explain,andunderstandour

world-issimplysomethingthatcomesfromourbabyhood.Perhapsevolutionprovidedhumanbabieswith

curiosityandanaturaldrivetoexplaintheirworlds,andadultscientistssimplymakeuseofthesamedrivethat

servedthemaschildren.Thesamecognitive（認知的）systemsthatmakeyoungchildrenfeelgoodaboutfiguring

somethingoutmayhavebeenadoptedbyadultscientists.Assomepsychologistsputit,"Itisnotthatchildrenare

littlescientistsbutthatscientistsarebigchildren.”

53.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

A.Theworldmaybemoreclearlyexplainedthroughchildren'splay.

B.Studyingbabies'playmayleadtoabetterunderstandingofscience.

C.Childrenmayhavegreaterabilitytofigureoutthingsthanscientists.

D.One'sdriveforscientificresearchmaybecomestrongerashegrows.

【答案】B

【解析】段落大意題。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容尤其是第一句可知，本段主要講“研究孩子的游戲可以讓人們更好地理

解科學”，故選B。

2.學會跳讀，心中有圖

例如：

Stopwastingyourtimethinkingofreasonsforyourfailuresandshortcomings.Instead,realizethattheseedsof

successwereplantedwithinyouwhenyouwereborn.Onlyyouhavethepowertomakethoseseedsgrow.

Theseeds,andthepowertogrowthem,arecontainedinthehumanmind.Successisachoiceandnota

chance.Youcanbeasuccessifonlyyoumaketherightchoice.

Youcannotbesuccessfulwithoutfirstdevelopingyourself-esteem.Yourlevelofself-esteemisalwaysbased

onthedegreeofcontrolthatyouareabletoexerciseoveryourself,andthusoveryourlife.Peoplewithlow

self-esteemdonotbelievethattheyhaveanypower,orresponsibilityfortheirlives.Theyareleavestossed（搖擺）

bythewindsofchanceblownaboutwithanysuddenchangeintheweather.

Youcanexercisecontroloveryourlifeonlytothedegreethatyoubelievethatyouareresponsiblefor

whateverhappensinyourlife.Failuresthinkthateverythinghappensbyaccidentwhilesuccessfulpeoplerealize

thattheyareresponsible.

Everythinghappensasaresultofsomething.Ifwecanidentifythecause,wecancontroltheeffect.Weare

responsibleforwhatweconsciouslychoosetoacceptandbelieve.Thoughtsandbeliefscauseeverything.Our

attitudesandactionsarearesultofhabitsingrainedinusoveraperiodoftime.Onegenerallyrisestothelevelthat

oneexpects.Weareresponsibleforsettingourexpectations.Oursuccessdependsuponourlevelofconfidence.We

areresponsibleforeitherreinfbrcing（強化）goodhabitsorkickingbadhabitsandconsciouslyreplacingthemwith

consistentlypracticedgoodhabits.

Ifyouassociatewithpositive-thinkingpeople,youaredefinitelygoingtoachievesuccess.Onthecontrary,the

oppositehappens.Weareresponsibleforfinding,planting,andnurturing（培育）theseedsthatcontainfuture

victory,bomfromsetbacks.

Inshort,inallareasofyourlife,whethertheyarefinancial,physical,emotional,orspiritual,youare

responsible.Onceyourecognizethis,acceptit,andfirmlybelieveit,youareontheroadtosuccess.

1.Peoplewithlowself-esteemarecomparedtoleavesbecausethey.

A.arereadytochangetheirminds

B?areeasilyaffectedbywindyweather

C.Don'thavethepowertofacetheirfate

D.Can'texercisecontroloverthemselves

【答案】D

【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第三句話“Peoplewithlowself-esteemdonotbelievethattheyhaveany

power,orresponsibilityfortheirlives.”以及第四句話“Theyareleavestossed（搖擺）bythewindsofchanceblown

aboutwithanysuddenchangeintheweather.”可知不自信的人是因為他們不相信自己有能力，也不相信自己能

夠為自己的生活做主。他們就像隨風搖擺的落葉。也就是說他們不能掌控自己。故選擇D。

2.Loserswouldthinkthat.

A.successistheresultofhardwork

B.workinghardwillleadtosuccess

C.theirfailureisonlybecauseofbadluck

D.theydon'tmakeeffortstosucceed

【答案】C

【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句話“Failuresthinkthateverythinghappensbyaccident...”可知，失敗者

總是認為事情的發(fā)生都是偶然的。故選擇C,認為自己的失敗只是由于時運不濟。

3、善于猜測詞義

例如：

[1].-

[2]Doyouknowwhata"territory"is?Aterritoryisanareathatananimal,usuallythemale,claimsasits

own.Onlyheandhisfamilyarewelcomethere.Nootherfamiliesofthesamespeciesarewelcome.Youryardand

houseareyourterritorywhereonlyyourfamilyandfriendsarewelcome.Ifastrangershouldenteryourterritory

andthreatenyou,youmightshout.Probablythiswouldbeenoughtofrightenhimaway.

Whatisabird's"territory”？

A.Aplacewherefamiliesofotherspeciesarenotaccepted.

B.Aplacewhereabirdmayshoutatthetopofitsvoice.

C.Anareaforwhichbirdsfightagainsteachother.

D.Anareawhichabirdconsiderstobeitsown.

【答案】D

【解析】文章第二段首先提出什么是“territory"，緊跟著就是對“territory”的解釋，由定義可推知，這里

“territory”指的是“鳥類的地盤”。

例如：

Astudyinvolving8,500teenagersfromallsocialbackgroundsfoundthaimostofthemareignoraniwhenit

comestomoney.Thefindings,thefirstinascriesofreportsfromNatWeslthathasstartedafive-yearresearch

projectintoteenagersandmoney,arcparticularlyworryingasthisgenerationofyoungpeopleislikelytobe

burdenedwithgreaterdebtsmananybefore.

Universitytuitionfees（學費）arecurrentlycappedat￡3,000annually,butthiswillbereviewednextyearand

theGovernmentisunderenormouspressuretoraisetheceiling.

73.Thephrase"toraisetheceiling"inparagraph2probablymeans"

A.toraisethestudentloansB.toimprovetheschoolfacilities

C.toincreasetheupperlimitofthetuitionD.tolifttheschoolbuildingroofs

【答案】c

【解析】這是一道詞義猜測題，由第二段可知，目前大學里每一年的學費都已經(jīng)高達3000英鎊，但是，明

年政府由于壓力還可能會提高學費的上限。所以答案為C。raise表示“增加、提高“，ceiling表示“（物價、

工資等的）最高限度、上限”。

例如:

“Getyourhandsoffme,Ihavebeenstolen,thelaptop,aportablecomputer,shouted.Thatisanewsolution

tolaptopcomputertheft:aprogramthatletsownersgivetheirpropertyavoicewhenithasbeentaken.

Theprogramallowsuserstodisplayalertsonthemissingcomputer'sscreenandeventosetaspokenmessage.

Trackingsoftwareforstolenlaptopshasbeenonthemarketforsometime,butthisisthoughttobethefirstthat

allowsownerstogivethethiefapieceoftheirmind.

72.Theexpression“togivethethiefapieceoftheirmind,,canbeunderstoodas”

A.togivethethiefanalertmind

B.toexpresstheowners'angertothethief

C.toremindthethiefofhisconscience

D.tomakethethiefgiveuphismind

【答案】B

【解析】細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章的第一段和第二段內(nèi)容可知答案B最佳。

二、“定”——“定區(qū)間”，圈定各題答案的范圍。

例如:

CaraLangis13.ShelivesinBoston,Massachusetts,U.S.LastThursday,shedidn'tgotoschool.She

wenttoworkwithherfatherinstead.Everyyear,onthefourthThursdayinApril,millionsofyounggirlsgowork.

ThisisTakeOurDaughterstoWorkDay.Thegirlsarebetweentheagesof9and15.Theyspendthedayatwork

withanadult,usuallyamother,father,aunt,oruncle.Theygotooffices,policestations,laboratories,andother

placeswheretheirparentsorotherfamilymemberswork.Nextyear,thedaywillincludesons,too.

TheMs.Foundation,anorganizationforwomen,startedtheprogramabouttenyearsago.IntheU.S.,many

womenworkoutsidethehome.TheMs.Foundationwantedgirlstofindoutaboutmanydifferentkindsofjobs.

Then,whenthegirlsgrowup,theycanchooseajobtheylike.

Cara'sfatherisafilmdirector.Carasays,“Itwasveryexcitingformetogotodiestudiowithmydad.Isaw

alotofpeopledoingdifferentjobs.^^Manybusinesseshavespecialactivitiesforgirlsonthisday.Lastyear,Cara

wenttoworkwithherauntattheUniversityofMassachusetts.Intheengineeringdepartment,thegirlslearnedto

buildabridgewithloothpicksandCandy.InthechemistrydepartmentIheylearnedlousescales.Theylearned

aboutmanyotherkindsofjobs,too.

Rightnow,Caradoesnotknowwhatjobshewillhavewhenshegrowsup.ButbecauseofTakeOur

DaughterstoWorkDay,sheknowsshehasmanychoices.

65.WhatisCara'sfather?

A.Anengineer.B.Anofficial.C.Amoviemaker.D.Aprofessor.

【答案】c

【解析】從第三段，第一句中可以看出是一名導演，故選C。

66.Accordingtothepassage,TakeourDaughterstoworkDayis.

A.oneveryThursdayinAprilB.aholidayforgirlsofallages

C.adayforgirlstoknowaboutjobsD.adayforgirlstogetajobeasily

【答案】c

【解析】從整個第二段可以看出，故選C。

67.Onthisspecialday,CarahasdoneallthefollowingEXCEPTthat.

A.shelearnedtousescalesB.sheworkedasanactress

C.shewenttoworkwithherauntD.sheusedtoothpicksandCandytobuildabridge

【答案】B

【解析】“帶女兒去工作''節(jié)。該節(jié)日的目的就是使得女孩子能夠了解各種各樣的工作，以便將來選擇工作

時候有所參考。定位文章倒數(shù)第二段，而充當女演員并沒有提及，故選B。

68.Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthepassage?

A.CaraLang,aFortunateGirlB.TakeOurDaughterstoWorkDay

C.Children'sDayandWorkDayD.Ms.Foundation,anOrganizationforWomen

【答案】B

【解析】從文章結(jié)尾段可以看出，介紹了美國的一種特殊節(jié)日，故選B。

三、“劃，，一，，劃根據(jù)，作答時理由要充分，并在文章中劃出解題依據(jù)。

例如：

Arewegettingmorestupid?AccordingtoGeraldCrabtree,ascientistatStanfordUniversityintheUS,weare.

Youmaynotwanttohearthis,butCrabtreebelievesthathumanintelligencereacheditspeakmorethan2,000

yearsagoandeversincethenhasbeengoingdownhill.66IfanaverageGreekfrom1,000BCweretransportedto

moderntimes,heorshewouldbeoneofthebrightestamongus,"CrabtreetoldTheGuardian.

AttheheartofCrabtree'sthinkingisasimpleidea.Inthepast,intelligencewascriticalforsurvivalwhenour

ancestorshadtoavoiddangerousanimalsandhuntforfood.Thedifferenceofbeingsmartorstupidisoftenlifeor

death.However,afterthespreadofagriculture,whenourancestorsbegantoliveindensefarmingcommunities,the

needtokeeptheirintelligenceinpeakconditiongraduallyreduced.

Thisisnothardtounderstand.Mostofthetime,pressureiswhatkeepsusgoing-youneedthepressurefrom

yourteacherstofinishyourhomework;thepressureoflookingprettypromptsyoutoloseweightwhensummer

comes.Andthesameisalsotrueofourintelligence-ifwethinkless,webecomelesssmart.

Thesemutations（變異）areharmfultoourintelligenceandtheywerealldevelopedinthepast3,000years.The

otherevidencethatCrabtreeholdsisinourgenes.Hefoundthatamongthe2,000to5,000genesthatwehavethat

determinehumanintelligence,therearetwoormoremutationsineachofus.

However、Crabtree'stheoryhasbeencriticizedbysomewhosaythatearlyhumansmayhavebetterhunting

andsurvivingabilities、butpeopletodayhavedevelopedamorediverseintelligence.Forexample,spearingatiger

doesn'tnecessarilyrequiremorebrainpowerthanplayingchessorwritingapoem.Moreover,thepowerofmodern

educationmeansalotmorepeoplehavetheopportunitytolearnnowadays.

“Youwouldn'tgetStephenHawking2,000yearsago.Hejustwouldn'texist,“ThomasHillsoftheUniversity

ofWarwick,UK,toldLiveScience."Butnowwehavepeopleofhisintellectualcapacitydoingthingsandmaking

insightsthatwewouldneverhaveachievedinourenvironmentofevolutionaryadaptation.^^

65.SomearguethatCrabtree'stheoryisfalsebecausetheythink.

A.peopletodayareundermuchmorepressurethanearlyhumans

B.it'sridiculoustocompareahunter'sandapoet'sintelligence

C.moderneducationisfarmoreadvancedthanancienteducation

D.humanintelligencenowadaysisdifferentfromthatofthedistantpast

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)題干，從倒數(shù)第二段劃線部分可以找到答案依據(jù)。

三、，，看”一“看轉(zhuǎn)換、注意同一意思的不同表述（同意轉(zhuǎn)述）。

例如:

AlthoughneitheroftheAdelmansisacademicallytrainedinliterature,theprogrammes,containplentyof

Shakespearetraditionandbackground.TheirworkshoponHenryV,forexample,includesahelpfulexplanationof

Henry'swinningstrategyattheBattleofAgincourt.Buttheydocometothetextwithafewbiases（偏向）:their

readingofHenryVminimizeshismisuseofpower.Instead,theyemphasizethestoryoftheyouthwhoseizes

opportunityandbecomesamasterfulleader.AndattheworkshoponCaesar,Mr.Adelmanhadlittlegoodtosay

aboutBrutus,saying“thenoblestRomanofthemall“couldn'tmakehismindupaboutthings.

75.WhydotheAdelmansconductaworkshoponHenryV?

A.Tohighlighttheimportanceofcatchingopportunities.

B.Toencouragemasterfulleaderstoplanstrategiestowin.

C.Toillustratetheharmofprejudicesinmanagement.

D.Towarnexecutivesagainstpowermisuse.

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)"Instead,theyemphasizethestoryoftheyouthwhoseizesopportunityandbecomesamasterful

leader.相反，他們強調(diào)年輕人的故事。這些年輕人能夠抓住機會以及成為有能力的領(lǐng)導”可以知道答案

是強調(diào)抓住機會的重要性。其中highlight強調(diào)和emphasize是同義詞，seizesopportunity和catch

opportunities是同義詞。

五、“防”---“防陷井”。鎖定是“true”還是“nottrue"，辨明形近詞。

例如：

WestEndtheatreisapopulartermformainstreamprofessionaltheatreinLondon,orsometimesmore

specificallyforshowsstagedinthelargetheatresofLondon's"Theatreland”.AlongwithNewYork'sBroadway

Theatre,WestEndtheatreisusuallyconsideredtorepresentthehighestleveloftheatreintheEnglishspeaking

world.SeeingaWestEndshowisacommontouristactivityinLondon.

Totalattendancesbrokethe12millionin2002,andinMayandJune2005.TheTimesreportedthatthisrecord

mightbebrokenin2005.Factorsbehindhighticketsalesinthefirsthalfof2005includednewhitmusicalssuchas

BillyElliot,theProducersandMaryPoppinsandthehighnumberoffilmstarsappearing.Sincethelate1990s

therehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofAmericanactorsontheLondonstage.

London'smaintheatredistrictislocatedintheheartoftheWestEndofthecitycentre.Renownedtheatre

streetsincludeDruryLane,ShaftesburyAvenue,andtheStrand.Thisareacontainsapproximatelyfortylarge

theatresandisoftenreferredtoTheatreland.Theworksstagedaremainlymusicals,classicorplays,andcomedy

performances.

Mostofthetheatersin“Theatreland''arelateVictorianofEdwardian,andtheyareprivatelyowned.Mostof

themhavetheirowncharacteristicswithasplendidpast.Ontheotherhand,presentaudiencewillfindthemnot

comfortableasthelegroomoftheseatisoftencramped(peopleweresmallerahundredyearsago)andaudience

facilitiessuchasbarsandrestroomsareoftenmuchsmallerthanthoseinmodemtheatres.Theprotectedstatusof

thebuildingsandtheirconfinedurbanlocations,combinedwithfinanciallimit,meanthatitisverydifficultto

makethroughimprovementstothelevelofcomfortoffered.In2004,itwasestimatedthataninvestmentof￡250

millionwasrequiredformodernization,andthetheatreownersfailedtorequestalowertaxtohelpthemmeetthe

costs.

56.WhichofthefollowingstatementdoesnotdescribeWestEndtheatreright?

A.WestEndtheatrereferstotheprofessionaltheatreinLondon.

B.WestEndtheatreisoneofthefamoustheatresinLondon.

C.WestEndtheatrealsoreferstotheplaysinthetheatrelandinLondon.

D.SeeingWestEndtheatreshowisamustfortouriststoLondon.

57.Whatmightnolbethereasonfortheincreasingticketsale?

A.WestEndtheatreoftenstagesbestmusicals.

B.WestEndtheatrehasattractedquiteanumberoffilmstars.

C.TheatrelandislocatedintheheartoftheWestEnd.

D.Thefacilitiesoftraditionaltheatreshavebeenimproved.

58.Whichcanyounotinferfromthepassage?

A.BroadwaytheatrealsoreflectsthehighleveloftheatreintheEnglish-speakingworld.

B.WestEndtheatrecameintoexistencearound100yearsago.

C.WestEndtheatreusedtobelongtoQueenVictoriaandKingEdward.

D.Thetheatreownersdidnotsucceedinpersuadinggovernmenttoreducetheirtaxtorebuildthetheatres.

【答案】BDC

【解析】注意題干中“doesnotdescribe";"notbethereason";"notinfer”。審題需細心，防止陷阱。

六、，，讀”—“讀全項，做判斷時要通讀每一題的所有選項，區(qū)分鑒別，選擇最佳。

例如：

Youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatoneofthebeststepsyoucantaketoprotectyourhealthistostepoutside

andspendsometimeinthegrass,dirtandwater.Ourancestorsenjoyedthehealing（治愈）powerofnature,andnow

scientistsarestartingtocatchup.Researchershavedocumentedhowcontactwithnaturecandecreasemental

tiredness,andenhancemoods,concentrationandproblem-solving.Justhavingaviewofnaturehasbeenshownto

improvehospitalpatients'recoveryandreduceillnessrates.Exposuretotheopenair,horsebackriding,hikingand

campingcanalsobehelpfulforavarietyofhealthconditionsinadultsandchildren.Muchofthistypeofresearchis

focusingonchildren,andinfactanentiremovementhasdevelopedquicklytoconnectkidswiththehealingpower

ofnature.

Obesity.Ratesofchildhood,adultobesityandrelatedconditionsincludingdiabetes（糖尿病）andheartdisease

havegrowngreatlyinrecentyears,partlybecauseofreducingthetimeofoutdooractivities.Thisproblemcanbe

partlyaddressedbyincreasingthetimestudentsspendlearningaboutnature,bothinandoutsidethe

classroom.Suchlessonsaremoreengagingtostudentsandoftenleadthemtobecomemoreactiveoutside.

Attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder（ADHD）（注意力缺失多動癥）.Anexposuretoordinarynatural

settingsinthecourseofcommonafter-schoolandweekendactivitiesmaybewidelyeffectiveinreducingattention

shortnesssymptoms（癥狀）inchildren.ParticipationingreenactivitieshelpsADHDpatientskeepfocusedand

completetasks.

Stress.Accesstonature,evenhouseplants,canhelpchildrendealwithstress.

Depressionandseasonalaffectivedisorder.Majordepressionrequiresmedicaltreatment,butphysical

activities,especiallythosedoneoutdoors,canhelpeasesymptoms.Stayinginthesunshineforjustafewminutes

canalsohelpsupplybone-buildingvitaminD.Expertssaythatsimplywalkinginacityparkcanenjoynature's

benefits.

14.TheeffectsofoutdooractivitiesincludeallofthefollowingEXCEPT

A.helpingchildrentocontrolstress

B.helpingpeopletoincreasethevitaminDlevel

C.helpingchildrentoreducethesymptomsofADHD

D.helpingscientiststobelievethehealingpowerofnature

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)文中第三、四、五段可知，戶外活動可以幫助我們緩解注意力缺失多動癥，減輕壓力，增加

維生素D的合成。

例如：

ResearchersinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA)have

discoveredamajordifferenceinthewaymenandwomenrespondtostress.Thisdifferencemayexplainwhymen

aremorelikelytosufferfromstress-relateddisorders.

Untilnow,psychologicalresearchhasmaintainedthatbothmenandwomenhavethesameufight-or-flightM

reactiontostress.Inotherwords,individualseitherreactwithaggressivebehavior,suchasverbalorphysical

conflict("fight"),ortheyreactbywithdrawingfromthestressfulsituation("flight").However,theUCLAresearch

teamfoundthatmenandwomenhavequitedifferentbiologicalandbehavioralresponsestostress.Whilemen

oftenreacttostressinthefight-or