2025版新教材高中英語(yǔ)Unit9HumanBiology課時(shí)作業(yè)三Lesson2BrainPower北師大版選擇性必修第三冊(cè)

課時(shí)作業(yè)(三)Lesson2BrainPower必備學(xué)問(wèn)基礎(chǔ)練進(jìn)階訓(xùn)練第一層Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．Someplantsandanimals________(含有)naturalpoisonsthatareharmfultopeople.2．Thepatient'simmunesystemwouldrejectthetransplanted________(器官)asaforeignobject.3．Canyou________(找出……的精確位置)Berlinonthemap?4．It'seasytoadjustyourdailycalorie________(攝入量)sothatyougainorloseweight.5．Theregionhasbeendeclaredanecologicaldisaster________(地區(qū)).6．Shetriedtosolvea________(縱橫字謎)puzzle.7．Thepowerofthe________(原子)canbeusedtoproduceelectricity.8．Every________(神經(jīng))inherbodywastense.9．Idon'tknowhowtoresistmy________(沖動(dòng)).Ⅱ.短語(yǔ)填空consistof,beresponsiblefor,cutdownon,begoodfor,doexercise1．We'retryingto____________theamountofpaperworkinvolved.2．Themedicalteam____________2doctorsand6nurses.3．Youshould____________theirsafety.4．NewStudiesshowthateatingchocolatemay____________yourheart.5．You'dbettergetupearlyto____________．Ⅲ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Oneshouldthinktwicetoavoidmakingan________(impulse)decision.2．Itendtofeel________(nerve)beforeexams.3．Whatistheexact________(locate)oftheship?4．Foodwilllastlongerifkeptinanairtight________(contain).5．Theteam________(consist)of11membersispopularwithus.6．Hesatonthesofa,________(watch)TV.7．I'llfindaway________(improve)onmyownsothatIcanmaketheteamnextyear.8．Thepolicesearchedthehouse________thestolenjewelry.9．Theywillwelcomeyouthesame________theydome.10．Before________(do)anythingelse,Ineedtowriteabusinessplan.關(guān)鍵實(shí)力提升練進(jìn)階訓(xùn)練其次層Ⅰ.閱讀AOnaverage,Americansspendabout10hoursadayinfrontofacomputerorotherelectronicdevices(設(shè)備)andlessthan30minutesadayoutdoors.ThatisaclaimmadebyDavidStrayer,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofUtah.Inhis2017TEDTalk,Strayerexplainedthatallthistimespentwithtechnologyismakingourbrainstired.Usinganelectronicdevicetoansweremails,listentothenewsandlookatsocialmediaputsalotofpressureonthefrontofthebrain,which,Strayerexplains,isimportantforcritical(有推斷力的)thinking,problem－solvinganddecision－making.So,itisimportanttogivethebrainarest.Andbeinginnature,Strayerclaims,helpsgetatiredbrainawayfromtoomuchtechnology.Morethan15，000campersfromaroundtheworldattendedaninternationalcampingfestivalinSeptember.Thatiswhenfriendsandfamilytaketimeoffandescapetonatureforseveraldays.Theytakewalks,climb,explore,swim,sleep,eatandplay.Campingmaybejustwhatatiredbrainneeds.TakeCarlforexample.HelivesinWestVirginiaandenjoyscamping.Hesaysthatstayingoutdoorsmakeshimfeelatease.Italsoprepareshimfortheworkhemustdo.KateSomersisanotherexamplewhoalsolivesinWestVirginia.Shesayssheenjoyscampingwithherhusbandandtwochildren.Shecallsita“regenerative”experience.AttheUniversityofUtah,DavidStrayerhasstudiedbothshort－termandlong－termexposuretonature.Hefoundthatspendingshortamountsoftimeinnaturewithouttechnologydoescalmthebrainandhelpsittorememberbetter.However,hefound,itisthelong-termcontactwithnaturethatdoesthemostgood.Heandhisresearchteamfoundthatspendingthreedaysinnaturewithoutanytechnologyisenoughtimeforthebraintofullyrelaxandresetitself.1．WhatisDavidStrayer'sopinion?A．Americansdislikeoutdooractivities.B．Electronicequipmentshouldbequitted.C．Newtechnologiesareadouble-edgedsword.D．Electronicequipmentbringsgreatconvenience.2．WhydoesStrayerinsistwegooutdoors?A．Totryanotherlifestyle.B．Torefreshourbrain.C．Tomakebetterdecisions.D．Toplaywithourfamilyandfriends.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“regenerative”mean?A．Reborn.B．Memorable.C．Remarkable.D．Tiring.4．Whichisthepropertitleforthepassage?A．ElectronicEquipmentHarmstheBrainB．GoodRestDevelopsGoodMemoryC．TipsonUsingNewTechnologiesD．BeinginNatureIsGoodfortheBrainBLarescewasbornwithaconditioncalledhypermobility(運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)度)whichmeantherjointswere“bent”.Theconditioncancauseseverejointpainandleadtodislocations(脫臼).Butratherthanfeelsorryforherself,sheusedhermisfortunetoinspireherselftobecomeBritain'sstrongestschoolgirl.Justtwoyearsago,theconditionleftLaresceinsomuchpainthatshecouldn'teventakepartinsports.ButnowshehassixBritishandWorldChampionpowerliftingrecords.It'sanamazingachievement.Laresce'strainerTaniaGeorgesaidherconditionisthesecrettohersuccess.“Shehasmoreflexibility(敏捷性)inherbackthanmostpeople,whichgivesherthetechniqueofbendingherbackstronglyandsafely.MostpowerlifterswouldkilltotrytobendtheirbackslikeLaresce.Shehasperfectedthetechniquetoliftheavyweights，”Taniasaid.“Iusedtosufferalotofpainfrommyhypermobility.Iremembercominghomefromschoolwithpainsinmyknees,jointsandhips.Itwouldstopmedoingnormalthingsatschool.ThepainwouldbesomuchthatsomenightsIcouldn'tsleepatallandIjustcouldn'tfacegoingtoschoollikethat.Andaftereachdislocation,Ihadtohavesixmonthsoftreatmenttorecover，”saidLaresce.However,sincetakingupthesportofpowerlifting18monthsagosheisnoweffectivelycured.“ReallyenjoyedthefeelingofpowerIgotandtheexcitementofpeopleencouragingmetodomyverybest，”shesaid.“I'vemadelotsoffriends.It'sanincrediblefeelingwheneveryone'scheeringmeon.It'sthesupportofotherpeoplethatmakesthedifferencetowinning.Becomingachampionwasabigsurprise—Ijuststartedoffforfunandwasn'texpectinganything.Sotowinsixtitlesoverjustafewmonthswasamazing.”5．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________．A．LaresceissufferingalittlefromhypermobilityB．hypermobilityishelpfultoincreaseone'sstrengthC．Larescedidn'tgotoschoolbecauseofherillnessD．theflexibilityinLaresce'sbackhelpshertoliftheavyweights6．WhydidLarescehavetohavelong-timetreatment?A．Toreducethepainsinkneesandjoints.B．Torecoverfromjointdislocations.C．Tofallasleepeasilyduringnights.D．Todonormalthingsfreelyatschool.7．FromLaresce'swordsinthelastparagraphweknowthat________．A．LarescewasdeterminedtobecomeachampionB．LarescetrainedforalongtimetowinthetitlesC．Larescedidn'texpecttogainsuchagreatsuccessD．Laresce'sfriendscontributedalottohersuccess8．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．ADiseaseLeadingtoSevereJointPainsandDislocationsB．ABendy－jointedTeenBecomingBritain'sStrongestSchoolgirlC．AnInspiringGirlWhoHasMadeGreatAchievementsD．ABritishGirlwithGreatSpiritandDeterminationCScientistshavelongstruggledwithhowtomeasuretheeffectsofclimatechangeonwildlife.ThisisespeciallytrueforbirdsflyinginandoutofcoastalareasborderingtheArcticOcean.Inthepast,researchersdependedmainlyoninformationgatheredbysatellitetofollowthemovementofbirdsandanimals.Butthismethodcanbecostlyandresultinhugeamountsofinformation,whichcanbedifficulttoprocess.Nowscientistsareturningtoanotherkindoftechnologytohelpthemfollowbirdsandotherwildlife.Songbirdsareespeciallydifficulttostudyinthewild.Theycanflyacrossthousandsofkilometersandtheirbodiesaretoosmallforelectronictrackingequipment.Anewreporttellsaboutaprojectinwhichresearchersrecordedsongbirdsandthenputthesoundsintoacomputerprogramtobestudied.Birdsareknowntomakemoresingingnoisesafterarrivinginareaswheretheyplantomate.SpringisshortinextremenorthernareasoftheAmericanstateofAlaska.There,thebirdsmustmateandhavetheiryoungbeforewinter.Aalgorithm(計(jì)算程序)isdesignedtousetherecordingstopredictwhenthebirdsarriveinlargegroupstobeginmating.Whilesomeresultswereproducedcompletelybymachine,humansupervision(監(jiān)督)helpedtoimprovetheprocess.Inbothcases,theresearchersreportedthecomputerwascorrectinpredictingwhenthebirdsarrivedtotheirbreedinggrounds.Inanotherstudy,researchersreportedhowmachinelearningmethodscanbeusedtoidentify,countanddescribeanimalsinthewild.ResearcherscreatedamachinelearningsystemthattheysayusesartificialintelligenceorAItoidentify,count,anddescribethebehaviorof48animalspecies.Theysaidtheirmethodcancorrectlyidentifyanimalsatarateof94percent.ThescientistssaidresultsshowedAIcanbeusedasaneffectivewaytogather“awealthofinformation”onhugenumbersofanimalsinthewild.Theysaythenewmethodwillsavetimeandcosts,andcanevenoperateinreal－time.9．Whyaresongbirdsespeciallydifficulttostudyinthewild?A．Becausetheyflytoofast.B．Becauseoftheclimatechange.C．Becausetherearetoomuchinformation.D．Becauseofthelongflyingdistanceandtheirsmallbodies.10．Totracksongbirds,whatdoesthefirststudyfocuson?A．Theirdestination.B．Theirsounds.C．Theiryoungbabies.D．Theirmovement.11．Whataretheadvantageofusingthemachinelearningsystemtofollowbirdsandotherwildlife?A．Itcanprovidetoomuchinformationtodealwith.B．Itcansavetimeandmoney.C．Itdoesn'tneedhumanstoattendintheprocess.D．Itcanidentifyanimalsinthewildatarateof100percent.12．What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Newtechnologyusedtotrackwildlife.B．Howtoprotectanimalsinthewild.C．Howtotrackbirdsbysatellite.D．Newprogressonartificialintelligence.Ⅱ.七選五HowtothinkoutsidetheboxBeingopentodissenting(持異議的)opinionsisnottheonlywaytothinkoutsidethebox.__1__Abreakinoureverydaylifemayprovidetheforceneededtoshiftthedirectionofourthinking.Sowecanchangeenvironments.__2__Forexample,reorganizingourdeskortakinganewroutetowork.However,forothers,biggerchangessuchasanewjoboramarriagearerequired.Afamousconceptisapproachingroutinesituationsasifwemetorsawthemforthefirsttime.Inotherwords,weshouldlookatthemasifwe'dneverseenthem.__3__Forinstance,whenwebrushourteeth,takeamomenttolookatthetoothbrushasifweneverlaideyesonsuchanobjectandnoticeditscolorandshape.Thinkabouttheflavorofthetoothpasteandnoticehowourmouthfeelsaswemovethebrushbackandforth.__4__Themerepresenceofagroupofpeoplewithdiverseexperiences,viewsandbackgroundsinoureverydaylifecreatesanatmosphereinwhichpeoplecanbetterrespondtochange.Why?Becausetheyarekeydriversofthedevelopmentofnewideasandsolutions.Unlikenegativeemotions(情感)thatcausespecificreactions(forexample,feardrivesustoflee),positiveemotionshelpusbroadenourattention,exploreourenvironment,andopenourselvestoabsorbinginformation.__5__Theycanbethosethataregoingwellorforwhichwearegrateful.Thisshifting－into－positivityprocesswillautomaticallybrightenourmood—andfreeourbrain.A．It'salsohelpfultoseekforthedifference.B．Forsomepeople,smallchangesmightwork.C．Weshouldshowrespectfordifferentculturestoo.D．Somesmalltechniquescouldhelpbroadenthewaywethink.E．Takeafewmomentstothinkaboutthebeautifulthingsinourlife.F．Positiveemotionsplayanimportantpartinunfreezingourthinking.G．“Beginner'smind”allowsustoremainopentoexperiencesdespiteanyknowledgewemayhave.[答題區(qū)]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空Inthepastfewyears,morethanhalfofbookstoresinChinahavecloseddown,1.________istheresultofthe2.________(compete)withonlinebookstores.ButthesuccessofSisypheBookstore,oneofthe3.________(big)privately－ownedbookstorechainsinChina,mayserve4.________agreatexample.5．________(found)in1993,Sisyphestartedtotransformandupgradeitsbusinessin2009toseekitsprofitability.Now,itnotonlydevotesitselfto6.________(sell)books,butcombinesthefunctionsofthebookstore,cafeandthesaleof7.________(create)culturalproducts.Sisypheopensitsbookstoresinshoppingmallsinordertotakeadvantageofthelargenumberofconsumersofshoppingmallstosellitsbooks,anditalso8.________(able)peopletoenjoyspendingtimereadinganddrinkingcoffee.Inreturn,bookstoreshaveimprovedtheculturalatmosphereofshoppingmalls,so9.________ismutuallybeneficialtohavesuchcooperation.Sofar,thegovernment10.________(offer)taxreductionforbookstorestoencouragethedevelopmentofphysicalbookstores.Perhapsitisearlytosaytheboomofphysicalbookstoreshascome,butdefinitely,weseetheturningpointtothem.[答題區(qū)]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________6.________7．________8.________9.________10．________Ⅳ.讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)閱讀下面材料，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Afterstudyingforhours,Iwentoutsideanduptotheroofnearbyforabreakandwatchedpeopleswimminginthesea.Itwasasunnyday—ablue,cloudlessskyoveracalmsea.Butthen,asIlookedinthedistance,Idiscoveredaseriesofthreeorfourbigwavesheadingtowardstheshore.I'dseenmini－tsunamismanytimesbefore.Itwasheadingatspeedinthedirectionoftheswimmingarea.Mostpeoplelookedoutforit,butfromthescreamsthatstartedcomingfromthebeach,Icouldtellsomeonewasintrouble.Withoutthinking,Irandownintothestreet,holdingmybodyboard(沖浪趴板)onthewayandshoutedatastrangertocallthecoastguard(海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)).MyneighborTomhadheardthescreamsaswellandwasalsooutsidewithhisbodyboard,sotogetherwerushedtothestepsthatleddowntothesea.Oncewegotcloser,wediscoveredthewaveshadpulledaboyandagirlintotheopensea.Iknewthatthenearestboatwouldtakeatleast30minutestoreachus.Iwasn'tusedtothissortofemergency—I'dneverbeentrainedasalifeguard—butIdidn'tthinktwiceabouttryingtosavethem.IsupposeinawayIwantedtoimpresseveryone;at19,adeedlikethatseemslikeagoodopportunitytoshowoff.TomandIdivedintothewaterandittookus10minutestogettothem.Whenwefinallyreachedthem,theywerealmostlifelesswithonlytheirheadscominginandoutofthewater.Wecouldtelltheywerestillalivefromtheirbreathbutitwascleartheywouldn'thavebeenabletostaytheremuchlonger.Iheldtheboyandpulledhimovermyboard.Tomthenmovedthegirlontohisboard.留意：1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2．請(qǐng)按如下格式作答。Wediscussedpushingthembacktotheshore,butweweretoofarout.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thatnight,wordcamefromthehospitalthatthetwokidswereingoodcondition.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________課時(shí)作業(yè)(三)Lesson2BrainPower必備學(xué)問(wèn)基礎(chǔ)練Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．a(chǎn)ke5.zone6.crossword7．a(chǎn)tom8.nerve9.impulseⅡ.短語(yǔ)填空1．cutdownon2.consistsof3.beresponsiblefor4.begoodfor5.doexerciseⅢ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．impulsive2.nervous3.location4.container5.consisting6．watching7.toimprove8.for9.as10.doing關(guān)鍵實(shí)力提升練Ⅰ.閱讀A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，作者講解并描述了如今長(zhǎng)時(shí)間運(yùn)用電子設(shè)備對(duì)大腦的危害，激勵(lì)人們放下這些電子設(shè)備，去戶外讓大腦休息一下。1．答案與解析：C考查推理推斷。依據(jù)第一段可知，DavidStrayer認(rèn)為過(guò)多運(yùn)用電子設(shè)備導(dǎo)致大腦疲憊，其次段中的“answeremails，listentothenewsandlookatsocialmedia”示意著電子設(shè)備給我們生活帶來(lái)的便利，因此科技有利有弊，選項(xiàng)C正確。2．答案與解析：B考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)前兩段可知，過(guò)多運(yùn)用電子設(shè)備會(huì)導(dǎo)致大腦疲憊，依據(jù)第三段可知，我們須要讓大腦休息一下，而走進(jìn)大自然可以讓我們乏累的大腦遠(yuǎn)離電子設(shè)備，從而讓大腦復(fù)原活力。因此選B項(xiàng)。3．答案與解析：A考查詞義揣測(cè)。畫(huà)線詞所在段中作者列舉Carl的事例說(shuō)明，戶外活動(dòng)能使他放松并更好地工作，作者提到的“KateSomersisanotherexample...twochildren”示意著，Kate與家人在戶外的活動(dòng)也給了她活力。因此選A項(xiàng)，畫(huà)線詞表示“有再生作用的，有再造實(shí)力的”。4．答案與解析：D考查標(biāo)題推斷。通讀全文可知，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間盯著看或運(yùn)用電子設(shè)備對(duì)大腦不利，作者激勵(lì)人們放下這些高科技產(chǎn)品到大自然中去，紿大腦一個(gè)休息時(shí)間。文中更是用Carl和Kate的事例說(shuō)明走進(jìn)大自然給大腦帶來(lái)的好處。因此選項(xiàng)D適合作本文標(biāo)題。B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】文章講解并描述了一個(gè)患有運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)度癥的女孩在教練的指導(dǎo)下成了舉重冠軍、英國(guó)最強(qiáng)女學(xué)生的故事。5．答案與解析：D考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第四段中的“Shehasmoreflexibility(敏捷性)inherbackthanmostpeople,whichgivesherthetechniqueofbendingherbackstronglyandsafely...Shehasperfectedthetechniquetoliftheavyweights”可知，Laresce的背部比大多數(shù)人敏捷，她充分利用這個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)舉重。6．答案與解析：B考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“aftereachdislocation，Ihadtohavesixmonthsoftreatmenttorecover”可知，每次脫臼后Laresce都必需接受六個(gè)月的治療來(lái)復(fù)原。7．答案與解析：C考查推理推斷。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Becomingachampionwasabigsurprise—Ijuststartedoffforfunandwasn'texpectinganything”可推知，Laresce為自己成為冠軍感到很驚異，因?yàn)樗鲞@些一起先只是為了好玩，并沒(méi)有期望任何東西。8．答案與解析：B考查主旨大意。文章主要講解并描述了一個(gè)患有運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)度癥的女孩Laresce在教練的指導(dǎo)下利用超出常人的后背彎曲技能成為舉重冠軍、英國(guó)最強(qiáng)女學(xué)生的故事。所以ABendy－jointedTeenBecomingBritain'sStrongestSchoolgirl作文章標(biāo)題最佳。C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文屬于說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了兩種新的跟蹤野生動(dòng)物的技術(shù)。9．答案與解析：D考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第三段中的“Songbirdsareespeciallydifficulttostudyinthewild.Theycanflyacrossthousandsofkilometersandtheirbodiesaretoosmallforelectronictrackingequipment”可知D項(xiàng)正確。10．答案與解析：B考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第三段中的“Anewreporttellsaboutaprojectinwhichresearchersrecordedsongbirdsandthenputthesoundsintoacomputerprogramtobestudied”及第四段的內(nèi)容可知，第一個(gè)探討的焦點(diǎn)是鳴禽的聲音。11．答案與解析：B考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)其次段中的“Butthismethodcanbecostlyandresultinhugeamountsofinformation”以及文章最終一段中的“thenewmethodwillsavetimeandcosts”可知，新方法可以節(jié)約時(shí)間和金錢。12．答案與解析：A考查主旨大意。依據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了兩種新的跟蹤野生動(dòng)物的技術(shù)。故選A項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.七選五【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文，作者在文中給出了幾點(diǎn)跳出固有思維模式的建議。1．答案與解析：D考查承上啟下句?？涨疤岬健癇eingopentodissenting(持異議的)opinionsisnottheonlyway”，下文分別介紹了其他方法，文章運(yùn)用了“總—分”結(jié)構(gòu)，此空處于總起的位置，總體陳述下文幫助我們拓寬思維的技巧。故選D。2．答案與解析：B考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)支撐句。依據(jù)空前的“Abreakinoureverydaylife...Sowecanchangeenvironments”可知，此處和“變更”有關(guān)，再依據(jù)空后舉的例子“Forexample，reorganizingourdeskortakinganewroutetowork”可知，B項(xiàng)“對(duì)一些人來(lái)說(shuō)，小小的變更就可能起作用”符合語(yǔ)境。且B項(xiàng)中的“Forsomepeople”與下文中的“forothers”相呼應(yīng)。3．答案與解析：G考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)支撐句。依據(jù)空前的內(nèi)容“approachingroutinesituationsasifwemetorsawthemforthefirsttime...weshouldlookatthemasifwe'dneverseenthem”可知，本段主要講的是把司空見(jiàn)慣的日常當(dāng)成似乎從未見(jiàn)過(guò)那樣，保持新奇心。G項(xiàng)提到的“Beginner'smind”(初學(xué)者思維)與之相符。4．答案與解析：A考查段落主旨句。這一段講了在日常生活中，正是來(lái)自不同背景、擁有不同經(jīng)驗(yàn)和持不同觀點(diǎn)的個(gè)人的存在才創(chuàng)建出了人們對(duì)于變更做出更好反應(yīng)