2024中考英語(yǔ)必讀時(shí)事熱點(diǎn)-科學(xué)技術(shù)

1題型主要內(nèi)容1閱讀理解介紹了《自然》和《福布斯》對(duì)科學(xué)做出的一些預(yù)測(cè)。2閱讀理解科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為未來(lái)的10-30年間,會(huì)有3個(gè)方面實(shí)現(xiàn)突破,分別是數(shù)字貨幣、仿生眼睛和無(wú)人駕駛。3閱讀理解講述了中國(guó)自主研發(fā)的北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)成為在美國(guó),俄羅斯及歐盟伽利略后第四個(gè)全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)。4閱讀理解介紹了位于北京的海淀公園被改造成了中國(guó)第一個(gè)人工智能公園。在這個(gè)公工智能體驗(yàn)。5閱讀理解介紹了中國(guó)的“MorningStar50”無(wú)人機(jī)及其首次試飛。6閱讀理解介紹火爆全網(wǎng)的人工智能ChatGPT具有一些cc創(chuàng)新"能力。Scienceandtechnologywillcontinuetodevelopfastin2023.NatureandForbeshavemadetheirpredictions(預(yù)測(cè)).Let’shavealook.Human-likefriendsRobotswillbemorelikehumansbothintheirlooksandabilitiesin2023.TheseRobotswillserveasgreeters,waitersandcompanions(陪伴)oftheelderly.ElonMusk’scompanyisworkinghardonmakinghuman-likerobotsthatwillworkinourhome.MoreAIsystemswillplayrolesinareaslikehealthcareandscientificresearch.ProtectingtheearthOneofthemostdifficultchallengestheworldfacetodayisloweringcarbonemissions（降低碳排放）.In2023,wecanexpectmoreprogressingreenhydrogen,anewcleanenergywithnear-zerogreenhousegasemissions.Scientistswillalsohaveasaferwaytodealwithnuclearwaste.Theusednuclearfuel（燃料）willbeburied（埋）400metersunderground.2SpaceandbeyondTheimagesfromtheworld’slargestandmostpowerfulspacetelescope（太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡）—theJamesWebbSpaceTelescope—haveamazedtheworld.AndtheEuclidSpaceTelescopewillbelaunchedin2023.Itwilltakephotostocreatea3Dmapoftheuniverse.ChinawillcontinuetobuildtheXinjiangQitaiRadioTelescope.Itwillbeabletowatch75%ofthestarsintheskyatanygiventime.StayingconnectedIn2023,peoplewillcommunicatemoresmoothly.InChina,theBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem(北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng))cannowbedirectlyconnectedtomobilephones.Wecanfindwherethephonesareevenwhenthere’snosignals(信號(hào)).AUScompanyisalsoworkingonadirectconnectionbetweenphonesandsatellites.Theimpactof5Gwillcontinuetogrow.Theareas5Gwillbenefitmostin2023includeeducationthroughonlinelearning,remotesurgery(遠(yuǎn)程手術(shù))andlivestreaming(直播).1.Human-likerobotswilldomanythingsforpeopleEXCEPT.A.servingasgreeters,waiterandcompanionsB.playingrolesinhealthcareandscientificresearchC.learningtousesomespacetelescopes2.WhichisNOTmentionedtoprotecttheearth?A.Bymakingprogressinanewcleanenergy.B.Byusingmorehuman-likerobots.C.Bydealingwithnuclearwasteinasaferway.3.Whichspacetelescopecanbeusedtocreatea3Dmapofuniverse?A.TheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope.B.TheEuclidSpaceTelescope.C.TheXinjiangQitaiRadioTelescope.4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.It’sdifficultforChinesepeopletofindwheretheirphonesare.B.Chinaisworkingonadirectconnectionbetweenphonesandsatellites.C.5Gwillcontinuetoinfluencepeople’slivesinsomeareas.5.Wherecanyoureadthispassage?A.Inamagazine.B.Inanovel.C.Inaguidebook.3What’sgoingtohappeninthefuture?Willrobotscontrolourplanet?Willcomputersbecomesmarterthanus?Notlikely.Butherearesomethingsthatscientistssayaremostlikelytohappenin10to30yearsfromnow,accordingtotheBBC.DigitalmoneyWeneedtopaywithcashforeverythingwebought.Nowwhenweuseacreditcardtoshoponline,moneyisspentwithoutusseeingit.Thatmeanswearealreadyusingdigitalmoney.Usingacardismucheasierthansearchingourpocketsforchange.Itisalsosaferthancarryingalotofcash.WhenATMcardswerefirstintroduced,theywerenotacceptedeverywhere.Butnowit’shardtolivewithoutthem.It’sreportedthatpeopleinSwedencompletelystoppedusingcashlastyear,andtheUSmightbenext.Bionic(仿生的)eyeIt’snolongersomethingonlyinasciencefictionmovie.Peoplewhoareblindmayhaveachancetogettheirsightback-bywearingbioniceyes.Ablindeyecannolongersenselight,butabioniceyecanuseacamerato“see”theenvironmentandsenddatatothemind.Nowthebioniceyeonlyallowspatientstoseelightsandunclearshapes.Ahighresolution(高清的)imagecouldbejustafewyearsaway.Self-drivingcarsUnlikeahumandriver,aself-drivingcarwon’tgetdistracted(分神)byaphonecall,theradioorsomethingoutsidethewindow.Sensors(探測(cè)器)andcamerasonthecarwouldallowittostickstrictlytotherulesoftheroadandkeepasafedistancefromothercars.Thiswouldgreatlyreducethenumberofroadaccidents.Youcouldeventakeanapwhilethecardrivesitself.Inthefuture,driverlesscarswouldbewidelyaccepted.6.Whatdoesthewritermainlytellusaboutdigitalmoney?A.Weusedigitalmoneytoshoponlinewithoutpayingmoney.B.Digitalmoneyismostlikelytobeusedinsteadofcash.C.Usingcashiseasierandsaferthanacreditcard.D.ATMcardsarealwayspopular.7.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Bioniceyesonlyappearinthesciencefictionfilm.B.Humandriverswon’tgetdistractedbysomethingoutside.C.Theblindwearingbioniceyesmayseeclearlyinthefuture.D.Therewillbenoroadaccidentatallifself-drivingcarsareused.8.Fromthereport,wecanlearnsomeinformationabout.A.cultureandartB.industryandfarming4C.scienceandtechnologyD.trafficandshopping9.Whichofthefollowingcanbepredicted(預(yù)測(cè))fromthepassage?A.Therewouldbeanumberofself-drivingcarsontheroad.B.Theblindcouldusecamerastoseethingsaround.C.Wewouldliveahardlifewithdigitalmoney.D.Robotswouldcontroltheworld.ChinahascompleteditsBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem(北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)),orBDS.Itbecomesanewsystemintheworldwithaglobalnavigationnetwork(全球?qū)Ш骄W(wǎng)絡(luò)).TheotherthreesystemsareGPSoftheUS,GLONASSofRussiaandGalileooftheEuropeanUnion.Asthenamesuggests,theglobalnavigationsatellitesystemprovidesnavigationandlocationservices24hoursaday.Asweknow,buildingagoodsatellitesystemcostsalot.Besides,theothersystemshavebeensetup.WhydoesChinahaveanewoneifthereisnothingspecial?Theotherthreesystemshave24satellites.China’sBDShassixmoresatellites.What’sspecialaboutthesesixsatellitesisthattheyhavearelativelyfixedareaofactivity.ThiscanimproveBDS’accuracy(精準(zhǔn)度)inChinaandtheAsia-Pacificregionto5meters,comparedwitha10-meteraccuracyinotherareas.BDShasanotheradvantage-theshortmessageservice.Itallowsuserstohaveatwo-waycommunication.Inareasthatarenotcoveredbycommunicationsignals(信號(hào)),userscansendshortmessages.Eveninuninhabitedareas,suchasdeserts,forests,mountainousandpolarareas,BDScanalsomaketheshortmessageserviceavailable.Withthisservice,userswhoareindangercantelltherescueteam(救援隊(duì))theirlocationandcondition.Asthemostpopulouscountry,it’simportantforChinatohaveitsownglobalnavigationsatellitesystemtomeettheneedsofthecountry’sdevelopment.Infact,BDSisalsogoodbusiness.Accordingtotheofficialreport,China’ssatelliteindustryhaskepta20%yearlygrowthsince2012.AndBDScontributesabout80%ofit.Inaddition,BDShasalsocreatedcountlesshigh-payingjobs.Andwithcontinuousimprovement,itwillhavemuchmoretoofferinthefuture.10.WhichoneistheglobalnavigationsatellitesystemofChina?A.BDS.B.GPSoftheUS.C.GLONASSofRussia.11.HowmanysatellitesdoesBeiDou-3haveintotal?A.6.B.24.C.30.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“uninhabited”meaninParagraph4?A.人口眾多的B.無(wú)人居住的C.風(fēng)平浪靜的13.WhataretrueaboutChina’sBDSaccordingtoParagraph5?a.IthasmettheneedsofChina’sdevelopment.5b.Itisregardedasgoodbusiness.c.Ithascausedanumberofpeopletolosetheirjobs.A.a,cB.a,bC.b,c14.Inwhichpartofanewspapercanweprobablyreadthispassage?A.Technology.B.Culture.C.History.ThelocalgovernmentofHaidianandtheInternetcompanyBaiduhadanagreementinJanuary,2018.Theywantedtodevelopthe“smartcity”together.HaidianParkwaschosenbythem.WhywasHaidianParkchosen?Itisbecausetheparkcoversabout34hectares(公頃)nearthe4thRingRoad.Anditreceivedabout1.2milliontouristslastyear.Ittooktheworkers10monthstochangeHaidianParkintoanartificialintelligenceAI(人工智能)themepark.ItwasopenedtothepublicinearlyNovember.Nowtheparkhasdriverlessbuses,smartlampposts(燈柱)andsmartspeakers.Thebusesthemselvescanrunaccordingtothedirectionsfromacomputer.Thesmartlamppostscanrecordalotofdataquicklyandwell.Thesmartspeakerscanunderstandhumaninstructionscorrectly.Theparkgivespeopleatotallynewlook.Peoplecanexperiencedifferentartificialintelligencehere.CheJianguosaidthatatotalof10governmentdepartmentsandcompaniestookpartintherebuildingoftheparkoverthepast10months.Hecomesfromtheparkofficeandheisinchargeoftheprogram.Inrecentyears,Chinesehigh-techcompaniesbegintodosomethingsintheartificialintelligenceindustry.ThecentralgovernmentalsosaidinOctoberthatitwouldhelpthedevelopmentofthecountry'snewgenerationofartificialintelligence.15.HaidianParkwaschosentobecomethe“smartcity”because.A.itisthebiggestparkinBeijingB.itisnexttothe4thRingRoadC.ithaslargesizeandispopular16.Theunderlinedword“driverless”inParagraph2means“”inChinese.A.無(wú)人駕駛的B.無(wú)座位的C.跑得快的17.Today,Chinesehigh-techcompaniespaymoreattentionto.A.theglobaleconomyB.theartificialintelligenceindustryC.thedevelopmentofourcountry18.Thebesttitleofthetextis“”.A.HaidianArtificialIntelligenceThemeParkB.ChineseHigh-techCompaniesC.BuildingA“SmartCity”605China’sbiggestsolar-powereddrone(太陽(yáng)能無(wú)人機(jī)),Qimingxing-50orMorningStar50,finisheditsfirsttestflightinSeptember,2022.ThedronewasbuiltbytheAviationIndustryCorporationofChina(AVIC,中國(guó)航空工業(yè)集團(tuán)有限公司)Droneshavebeenusedforquiteafewyearsnow.Therearedifferentwaysofincreasingtheflyingtime.However,allthesemethodsbecomelessusefulcomparedwiththeunlimited(無(wú)限的)powerprovidedbytheSun.That’swhyresearchershavebeenworkingtomakesolar-powereddronesthatcannotonlystayintheairforlongerbutalsoperformmoretaskswhileinthesky.In2018,Chinatestedthefirstversion(版本)ofMorningStar,whichwas91feetwide.Madefromaspecialkindofplastic,thedronewassolight,weighingonly41pounds.Comparedwithit,theMorningStar50ismuchlargerandhasawingspan(翼展)of164feet.OnSeptember3,MorningStar50tookofffromanairportinYulinCityintheShaanxiprovinceinnorthwestChinaandlandedback26minuteslaterafterasmoothflight.Stafftoldsomelocalreportersthatallflightsystemsworkednormally.Thisisagoodstartforfutureflightsofthesolar-powereddronethatcouldlastformanydaysorevenmonthsatatime.IntheUS,AirbushasbeentestingtheZephyrsolar-powereddronesforthepastfewyears.Itslatestversion,theZephyrS,cameclosetobreakingtherecordforthelongestflight.Itstayedintheairfor64days.Unluckily,thedronefellontothegroundonlyafewhoursbeforeitwouldhavesetanewrecord.19.Whichoneisanadvantageofsolar-powereddronesresearcherswant?A.They’recheaperthanothers.B.Theycanflyinbadweather.C.Theyflyatahigherspeed.D.Theycanstayintheairforlonger.20.WhatmadethefirstversionofMorningStarlight?A.Itslook.B.Itsmaterial.C.Thepowerituses.D.Thetasksitperforms.21.WhatcanweknowaboutZephyrS?A.Itfailedtolandsmoothly.B.Itflewforonlyafewhours.C.ItsetanewrecordintheUS.D.Ithadbeentestedformanyyears.22.What’sthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Tocomparedifferentdrones.B.Toreportadrone’stestflight.C.Todiscussdrones’future.D.Totelltheimportanceofdrones.Typein“Acatwantstogotospace”andaskChatGPTtowriteabedtimestory.Justonesecondlater,you’llgetthestoryofMax,whoclawedhiswaypastmanydifficultiestosingamongthestars.DevelopedbyUScompanyOpenAI,ChatGPThastakentheinternetbystorm,winning100millionuserssinceitcameoutinNovember2022.Peoplecanasktherobottowritestoriesandemails,create7recipes(食譜),translatelanguages,andanswerallkindsofquestions.Initsownwords,itis“alanguagemodeltrainedininternettexttohelpusersgethuman-liketext.”ComparedwithSiriorotherchatbots(聊天機(jī)器人),ChatGPTusesamuchbiggerdatabase(數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù))fortraining.Italsousesstrongersoftwareandhardwaretolearnthingsbyitself.Forexample,ifitprovidesawronganswertoyourquestion,youcantellittherightoneanditwillmakecorrections.“It’satotallydifferentproduct,”computerscientistLiuXiaoguangfromNankaiUniversitytoldTianjinDaily.“TheknowledgelevelChatGPTshowsisequaltoanundergraduate(本科生)student.That’swhyitshockedtheworld.”ButonebigproblemwithChatGPTisthatitmakesmistakesorevengivesfake(虛假的)information.WhenRezza,a28-year-oldfromIndonesia,usedtherobottowriteanessay,it“gaveoutnonexistentacademiccitations(不存在的學(xué)術(shù)引用)”,hetoldTheGuardian.Sincetherobotistrainedusingwordsfromtheinternet,itcanalsopickupontheinternet’sbiases(偏見(jiàn))aboutcertaingroups.Theseareallthingsthatneedtobedealtwith.23.Thecatstorywaswrittento.A.showwhatcreativeworkChatGPTcandoB.introduceacatthatwantstogotospaceC.introduceaseriesofbedtimebooksD.showhowrobotscreatestories24.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanChatGPTdo?A.Makedishes.B.Singsongs.C.Translatetexts.D.Createnewlanguages.25.WhatmakesChatGPTanexcellentchatbot?a.Itcanlearnthingsbyitself.b.Ithasabigdatabasefortraining.c.Itwon’tgivepeoplewronganswers.d.Itissmarterthananyundergraduatestudent.A.abB.acC.bcD.bd26.WhydoesChatGPTmakemistakes?A.Itlikesfakeinformationmore.B.Someofitsyounguserscannotuseitcorrectly.C.Itscreatordoesn’tknowalltheanswers.D.Itmaypickupwronginformationontheinternet.8參考答案011.C2.B3.B4.C5.A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述2023年,科學(xué)技術(shù)將繼續(xù)快速發(fā)展。短文主要介紹了《自然》和《福布斯》對(duì)科學(xué)做出的一些預(yù)測(cè)。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一框中“TheseRobotswillserveasgreeters,waitersandcompanions(陪伴)oftheelderly.ElonMusk’scompanyisworkinghardonmakinghuman-likerobotsthatwillworkinourhome.MoreAIsystemswillplayrolesinareaslikehealthcareandscientificresearch.”(這些機(jī)器人將人們做很多事情,但不包括學(xué)習(xí)使用一些太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡。故選C。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二框中“In2023,wecanexpectmoreprogressingreenhydrogen,anewcleanenergywithnear-zerogreenhousegasemissions.Scientistswillalsohaveasaferwaytodealwithnuclearwaste.Theusednuclearfuel(燃料)willbeburied(埋)400metersunderground.”(2023年,我們可以期待綠氫這一溫室氣體排放接近零的新型清潔能源取得更多進(jìn)展?？茖W(xué)家們還將有一種更安全的方法來(lái)處理核廢料。用過(guò)的核燃料將埋在地下400米處。)可知,沒(méi)有提及使用更多類(lèi)人機(jī)器人來(lái)保護(hù)地球。故選B3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三框中“AndtheEuclidSpaceTelescopewillbelaunchedin2023.Itwilltakephotostocreatea3Dmapoftheuniverse.”(歐幾里得太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡將于2023年發(fā)射。它將拍攝照片,繪制宇宙的三維地圖。)可知,歐幾里得太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡可以用來(lái)制作宇宙的三維地圖。故選B4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后框中“Theareas5Gwillbenefitmostin2023includeeducationthroughonlinelearning,remotesurgery(遠(yuǎn)程手術(shù))andlivestreaming(直播)”(5G在2023年受益最多的生活是正確的。故選C5.推理判斷題。通讀全文可知,短文主要介紹了《自然》和《福布斯》對(duì)快速發(fā)展的科學(xué)做出的一些預(yù)測(cè)。故推理出,你在雜志上能讀到這篇文章。故選A。026.B7.C8.C9.A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了未來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么?機(jī)器人會(huì)控制地球嗎?電腦會(huì)比我們聰明嗎?不太可能,但是根據(jù)英國(guó)廣播公司報(bào)道,科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為未來(lái)的10-30年間,會(huì)有3個(gè)方面實(shí)現(xiàn)突破,分別是數(shù)字貨幣、仿生眼睛和無(wú)人駕駛。6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“It’sreportedthatpeopleinSwedencompletelystoppedusingcashlastyear,andtheUSmightbenext.”可知,在將來(lái)數(shù)字貨幣是最有可能代替現(xiàn)金使用的。故選B。7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ahighresolution(高清的)imagecouldbejustafewyearsaway.”可知,未9來(lái)幾年里,仿生眼睛會(huì)更加完善,選項(xiàng)C“將來(lái)盲人戴上仿生眼睛可以看得更清楚”是正確的。故8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Butherearesomethingsthatscientistssayaremostlikelytohappenin10to30yearsfromnow,accordingtotheBBC.”及通讀全文可知,可知本文講述了將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生的一些事情,根據(jù)英國(guó)廣播公司報(bào)道,科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為未來(lái)的10-30年間可能會(huì)發(fā)生的一些事情。因此從這份報(bào)告中,我們可以了解到科學(xué)與技術(shù)方面的信息。故選C9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Inthefuture,driverlesscarswouldbewidelyaccepted.”可知,在將來(lái)路上會(huì)有很多自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē),選項(xiàng)A是正確的。故選A。03個(gè)全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)。文章還描述了北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)和意義。10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ChinahascompleteditsBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem(北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)),orBDS.”可知,BDS是中國(guó)的全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)。故選A11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theotherthreesystemshave24satellites.China’sBDShassixmoresatellites.”可知,北斗三號(hào)總共有30顆衛(wèi)星。故選C。12.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“suchasdeserts,forests,mountainousandpolarareas,”可知,這些地方的共性是沒(méi)有人住。因此uninhabited是“無(wú)人居住的”意思。故選B。13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Asthemostpopulouscountry,it’simportantforChinatohaveitsownglobalnavigationsatellitesystemtomeettheneedsofthecountry’sdevelopment.Infact,BDSisalsogoodbusiness.”可知,作為人口最多的國(guó)家,中國(guó)擁有自己的全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)以滿(mǎn)足國(guó)家發(fā)展的需要非常重要。事實(shí)上,BDS也是一筆不錯(cuò)的生意。故選B14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“ChinahascompleteditsBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem(北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)),orBDS.Itbecomesanewsystemintheworldwithaglobalnavigationnetwork(全球?qū)Ш骄W(wǎng)絡(luò)).”可知,本文講述了中國(guó)自主研發(fā)的北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng),因此我們可以在報(bào)