高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)題檢測(cè)十主旨要義

專(zhuān)題十主旨要義Passage1Unicyclesareone-wheeledvehiclesthatdevelopedfromtheoriginalbicycle,thePennyFarthing,whichconsistedofalargefrontwheelandamuchsmallerbackwheel.Whenthisbikehitbumps(凸塊)orsuddenlysloweddown,thebackwheelcameofftheground,somanyriderslearnedtobalanceonjustthefrontwheel.Thus,bicyclemakersbeganmakingvehicleswithjustonewheel.Someofthebenefitsofridingaunicycleincludeburningcalories,andincreasingyourlevelsofcoordination(協(xié)調(diào)),concentrationandbalance.Becauseunicyclesdonthaveanyhandlebars,ridersmustbalanceusingonlytheirabdominal(腹部的)musclesandlegmuscles.Thishelpsyoubuildahealthiercore.Longcyclingsessionsalsoincreaseyourheartrate,whichcanleadtoahealthiercardiovascular(心血管的)system.Ridingaunicycleisaneffectivewaytogetinalow-impactworkoutforthosewithdamagedkneesandlegs.Unicyclingisafunactivityregardlessofyourabilitylevel.Ridingaunicycleisself-motivatingandpsychologicallystimulatingbecauseyouwillnoticeimprovementseachtimeyouride.Somepeoplefindthatitgivesthemfeelingsofcontrolwhentheycanachievebalancingandridingonjustonewheel.Someridersusetheirunicyclesastheirprimarymodeoftransportationforworkorschool.Becauseunicyclesdontrequireanytypeoffuel,youcansavemoneyatthepump.Unicyclesalsohaveonlyafewmovingpartsthatmightbreak.Thismeansthatyoutypicallydonthavetospendmuchmoneyonrepairs.Youalsowontneedtospendmoneyonstoringortransportingyourunicycle.Unicyclingisasomewhatuncommonactivity.Becauseofthis,asenseofunitytendstogrowamongunicycleriders.Manyriderstravelsignificantdistancesjusttogoonridesandspendtimewithotherunicyclists.Unicyclingisoftenafamilyactivity,andridingtogethercanbringfamilymemberscloser.1.Whywastheone-wheeledvehiclecreated?A.Becauseitwasmorebeneficialtooneshealth.B.Becauseitwasmorelikelytoavoidroadbumps.C.Becausethefrontwheelonlycouldalsobeusedforbalancing.D.Becauseabicyclesbackwheelwasntfixedwell.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inParagraph2referto?A.Havingahandlebar.B.Stoppingaunicycle.C.Increasingstrength.D.Balancingaunicycle.3.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Typicalfeaturesofcycling.B.Basicmodesoftransportation.C.Economicbenefitsofunicycling.D.Waystostoreandtransportunicycles.4.Thetextismainlywrittento.

A.introducebenefitsofunicyclingB.showhowunicyclesarespreadC.displayvarietiesofunicyclesD.advocateteenagerscycling答案[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文為說(shuō)明文。主題語(yǔ)境為人與社會(huì),主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容為科學(xué)與進(jìn)步。本文介紹了獨(dú)輪車(chē)的發(fā)明及其益處。1.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:為什么發(fā)明獨(dú)輪車(chē)?根據(jù)第1段中的“Thus,bicyclemakersbeganmakingvehicleswithjustonewheel.”(因此,自行車(chē)制造廠(chǎng)家開(kāi)始制造獨(dú)輪車(chē))可知本句前面的句子“Whenthisbikehitbumps...,somanyriderslearnedtobalanceonjustthefrontwheel”(……所以許多騎手學(xué)會(huì)了只靠前輪保持平衡)為解本題的關(guān)鍵句,故答案為C項(xiàng)(因?yàn)橹挥星拜喴部杀挥脕?lái)保持平衡)。

2.D猜測(cè)詞義題。本題題干意為:第2段中畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞“This”指的是什么?根據(jù)前一句(因?yàn)楠?dú)輪車(chē)沒(méi)有車(chē)把,所以騎手必須只用腹部肌肉和腿部肌肉來(lái)保持平衡。)可知答案為D項(xiàng)(平衡獨(dú)輪車(chē))。3.C主旨要義題。本題題干意為:第4段的中心意思是什么?第4段主要講的是獨(dú)輪車(chē)在使用、維修方面經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠,不需要花許多錢(qián),故答案為C項(xiàng)(騎獨(dú)輪車(chē)的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益)。4.A主旨要義題。本題題干意為:本文的主要寫(xiě)作目的是。本文主要介紹了騎獨(dú)輪車(chē)在健康、社交及經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面的益處,故選A(介紹騎獨(dú)輪車(chē)的益處)。

Passage2Chinesecuisineiswidelyknownandenjoyedallaroundtheworld.WhodoesntlongforafavoriteChinesedish?ButthereisoneinterestingconceptconcerningChinesefoodwhichisalmostunheardofintheWest,andwhichisbecomingincreasinglyignoredbytheyouthoftheEast—theancientcustomof“tonicfood”.Tonicfoodisfoodwhichisconsumedtoimproveoneswell-beingoravoidsickness.Forinstance,itwasoncethecustomfornewmotherstoeatasesameoil(麻油)hotpoteverydayforthefirstmonthaftergivingbirth.Itwasbelievedthatthisdishwouldbenefitthemuscles,reducepain,improvecirculation,stimulatesweating,andwarmthebody.Somefoods,suchasgoatmeatandspinach,areseenas“hot”,whileothers,suchasChinesecabbageandradish,areseenas“cold”.Oneshouldbecarefulnottoeattoomuchofeither“hot”or“cold”food.However,howmuch“hot”or“cold”foodoneshouldeatdependsonthetimeoftheyear,howthefoodispreparedandwhatitispreparedwith,andtheindividualshealth.Thecustomofemployingtonicfoodsforahealthierlifealsoinfluencesthecateringindustry.Chineseherbalmedicine,suchaswolfberry(枸杞),canbefoundonmanyarestaurantmenu,eitheraddedtofruitteaorasabeneficialadditiontoadish.Theseherbsattractcustomers,suchasover-workedofficestaff,inneedofamodestpick-me-up.So,whetheryouneedtoboostyourstrengthwithalargehelpingofchickensoup,orincreaseyourmentalpowerswithaservingofpigsbrainsoup,youmayfindthatthisancientChinesecustomcouldbejustthetonicyouwerelookingfor.1.Whatisthepresentsituationoftonicfood?A.Itiscatchinglessattention.B.Itisenjoyedbymanyyoungpeople.C.Itiswellknownworldwide.D.Itisbecomingincreasinglypopular.2.Whatisbelievedtobenefitnewmothers?A.Chinesecabbage.B.Fruittea.C.Asesameoilhotpot.D.Pigsbrainsoup.3.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“catering”underlinedinParagraph3?A.Medicine.B.Restaurant.C.Education.D.Fashion.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheCharmofChineseCuisineB.ThePopularityofTonicFoodC.AnIntroductiontoChineseTonicFoodD.DifferencesbetweenHotFoodandColdFood答案[語(yǔ)篇解讀]這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主題語(yǔ)境為人與社會(huì),主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容為中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)飲食文化。文章介紹了中國(guó)古老的“食補(bǔ)”習(xí)俗的現(xiàn)狀、功效以及滋補(bǔ)食品對(duì)現(xiàn)代餐飲業(yè)的影響。1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:滋補(bǔ)食品的現(xiàn)狀是怎樣的?根據(jù)第一段中ButthereisoneinterestingconceptconcerningChinesefoodwhichisalmostunheardofintheWest,andwhichisbecomingincreasinglyignoredbytheyouthoftheEast—theancientcustomof“tonicfood”.(但關(guān)于中國(guó)食品有一個(gè)有趣的觀(guān)念——古老的“食補(bǔ)”習(xí)俗,它在西方幾乎是聞所未聞,在東方也越來(lái)越被年輕人忽略。)可知:“食補(bǔ)”習(xí)俗如今越來(lái)越不受關(guān)注了,故選A項(xiàng)。2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:人們認(rèn)為什么對(duì)產(chǎn)婦有益?根據(jù)第二段中Forinstance,itwasoncethecustomfornewmotherstoeatasesameoilhotpoteverydayforthefirstmonthaftergivingbirth.Itwasbelievedthatthisdishwouldbenefitthemuscles,reducepain,improvecirculation,stimulatesweating,andwarmthebody.(例如,在過(guò)去產(chǎn)婦在生完孩子第一個(gè)月里,每天都要吃麻油火鍋,這是一種習(xí)俗。人們認(rèn)為這道菜對(duì)肌肉有益,減少疼痛,促進(jìn)血液循環(huán),刺激出汗,使身體暖和。)可知:人們認(rèn)為麻油火鍋對(duì)產(chǎn)婦有益,故選C項(xiàng)。3.B猜測(cè)詞義題。本題題干意為:下列哪一項(xiàng)能最好解釋第三段中的畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞“catering”?根據(jù)后文Chineseherbalmedicine,suchaswolfberry,canbefoundonmanyarestaurantmenu,eitheraddedtofruitteaorasabeneficialadditiontoadish.(中草藥,如枸杞,可以在許多餐館的菜單上找到。枸杞可以添加到果茶中,也可以作為菜肴有益的添加物。)可知:thecateringindustry意為“餐飲業(yè)”,故選B項(xiàng)。4.C主旨要義題。本題題干意為:本文的合適的題目是什么?文章第一段介紹了中國(guó)滋補(bǔ)食品的現(xiàn)狀,第二段介紹了中國(guó)滋補(bǔ)食品的功效;第三段介紹了中國(guó)滋補(bǔ)食品對(duì)現(xiàn)代餐飲業(yè)的影響;第四段倡導(dǎo)人們食用滋補(bǔ)食品。由此可推知本文是對(duì)中國(guó)滋補(bǔ)食品的介紹,故答案為C項(xiàng)。Passage3FromthemoontoMars,scientistshavebeenhuntingforalienlifeinthesolarsystemfordecades.However,Venuswasnotregardedasanidealplacebecauseofitshottemperatureanddryatmosphere.ButarecentdiscoveryoftracesofagasinthecloudsofVenushasexcitedastronomers,asitmayserveasapotentialsignoflife.OnSept.14,theRoyalAstronomicalSocietyofCanadaannouncedthatscientistshavedetectedphosphine(磷化氫)inthecloudsofVenus.Phosphineisacolorless,toxicgasthathasasmellofgarlic.Thoughitcontainspoison,itisviewedasapossiblesignoflifebecauseonEarththegasismadebymicro-organisms(微生物)thatliveinoxygen-freeenvironments.“Iwasverysurprised—stunned,infact,”astronomerJaneGreavesofCardiffUniversityinWalesandleadauthoroftheresearchtoldMSN.“ThereisachancethatwehavedetectedsomekindoflivingorganisminthecloudsofVenus.”Thislayerofcloudsisabout48kilometersabovetheVenussurfacewithitstemperaturerangingfrom30to200degreesFahrenheit(about-1to93°C).ScientistshaveassumedthatiflifeexistsonVenus,thisclouddeck(云蓋)islikelytheonlyplacewhereitwouldsurvive.ScientistswentthrougheverypossibilitythatcouldhaveledtotheformationofphosphinegasinVenusclouds,includingvolcanoes,lightningstrikes,andsmallmeteorites(隕石)fallingintotheatmosphere.Buttheyruledallofthemout.ItwasconcludedthatthereisnoexplanationfortheexistenceofthisgasinVenusclouds,otherthanthepresenceoflife,USATodayreported.Althoughthedetectionofphosphineisnotstrongevidenceforlife,thisfindingisgreatenoughtochangescientistsviewonVenus,whichisthoughttobeacompletelyinhospitable(不適合居住的)planet.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“toxic”inParagraph2mean?A.Waste.B.Poisonous.C.Useful.D.Clean.2.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Theclouddeckisrichinphosphine.B.ThehigherthecloudisaboveVenus,thewarmeritis.C.VariouslivingorganismshavebeendetectedonVenus.D.IflifeexistsonVenus,itislikelyintheclouddeck.3.WhatdidscientistsconcludeaboutthephosphinegasdetectedonVenus?A.Itcouldbeformedasaresultofthefallingofmeteorites.B.ItcouldbeasignthatthereislifeinVenusclouds.C.Itcouldbecausedbyvolcanoesandlightningstrikes.D.ItprovesthatVenusisanotherhospitableplanet.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.AnewlydetectedgasmayindicatepossibleexistenceoflifeonVenus.B.ScientistsfoundthemosthospitableplaceonVenus.C.PhosphinethathasbeenformedonVenusmeansalienlifeispresent.D.TheenvironmentonVenuschangedinfavoroflife.答案[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主題語(yǔ)境為人與自然,主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容為宇宙探索?？茖W(xué)家們?cè)诮鹦堑脑茖又袡z測(cè)到了磷化氫,這表明金星上可能存在生命。1.B猜測(cè)詞義題。本題題干意為:第二段中畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞“toxic”是什么意思?根據(jù)第二段中的“Thoughitcontainspoison,itisviewedasapossiblesignoflifebecauseonEarththegasismadebymicro-organismsthatliveinoxygen-freeenvironments.”(盡管它含有有毒物質(zhì),但它被視為可能存在生命的跡象,因?yàn)樵诘厍蛏?這種氣體是由生活在無(wú)氧環(huán)境中的微生物產(chǎn)生的。)可知畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞toxic意為“有毒的”,故答案為B項(xiàng)。

2.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:從本文中我們可以了解什么?根據(jù)第四段中的“ScientistshaveassumedthatiflifeexistsonVenus,thisclouddeckislikelytheonlyplacewhereitwouldsurvive.”(科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為,如果金星上存在生命,那么這個(gè)云蓋可能是生命存活的唯一地方。)可知本題答案為D項(xiàng)。

3.B推理判斷題。本題題干意為:關(guān)于在金星上探測(cè)到的磷化氫氣體,科學(xué)家得出了什么結(jié)論?根據(jù)第四段中的“ScientistshaveassumedthatiflifeexistsonVenus,thisclouddeckislikelytheonlyplacewhereitwouldsurvive.”(科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為,如果金星上存在生命,那么這個(gè)云蓋可能是生命存活的唯一地方。)及最后一段中的“ItwasconcludedthatthereisnoexplanationfortheexistenceofthisgasinVenusclouds,otherthanthepresenceoflife,USATodayreported.”(據(jù)《今日美國(guó)》報(bào)道,得出的結(jié)論是,除了生命的存在,無(wú)法解釋金星云層中這種氣體的存在。)可知:關(guān)于在金星上探測(cè)到的磷化氫氣體,科學(xué)家認(rèn)為這可能是金星云層中存在生命的跡象。故答案為B項(xiàng)。4.A主旨要義題。本題題干意為:本文主要是關(guān)于什么內(nèi)容的?根據(jù)第一段中的“ButarecentdiscoveryoftracesofagasinthecloudsofVenushasexcitedastronomers,asitmayserveasapotentialsignoflife.”(但最近在金星云層中發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種氣體令天文學(xué)家們興奮不已,因?yàn)樗赡苁巧臐撛谯E象。)以及第二段中的“OnSept.14,theRoyalAstronomicalSocietyofCanadaannouncedthatscientistshavedetectedphosphineinthecloudsofVenus.”(9月14日,加拿大皇家天文學(xué)會(huì)宣布,科學(xué)家們?cè)诮鹦堑脑茖又袡z測(cè)到了磷化氫。)可知:本文主要講述了一種新探測(cè)到的氣體(磷化氫)表明金星上可能存在生命。故答案為A項(xiàng)。Passage4Ittakesjustfourminutesforbraincellstobepermanentlydamagedduetoaseverelackofoxygenincasesofsuddencardiacarrest(心臟停搏).Ifmedicalworkersdonotarriveatthesceneofsuchemergencieswithin10minutes,thechancesofavictimsurvivingareminimal.InSeptember,a45-year-oldmanfellunconsciousatHuoyingStationonLine13oftheBeijingSubway.Hediedlaterinthehospital,despiteattemptsbytwopassengerstorevivehimbyusingcardiopulmonaryresuscitation,orCPR.However,ifanautomatedexternaldefibrillator,orAED,hadbeenavailableatthescene,themanschancesofsurvivalwouldhavebeengreatlyimproved.AnAEDcanrecognizeanabnormalheartrhythmandquicklycorrectitthroughanelectricshock.ThedevicesareviewedinmedicalcirclesasamoreefficientandeffectivemethodofsavinglivesinemergenciesthanusingCPR.Afterabrieftrainingperiod,peoplewithnomedicalknowledgecanmasterthebasicskillsneededtouseanAED.InMaylastyear,astudentatTsinghuaUniversityinBeijingfaintedinadormitoryafterexperiencingheadsweats.SeveralstudentsbegantoperformCPRandalsousedanewlyinstalledAEDtohelpthestrickenfreshman.Aftertwoelectricshockswereadministered,thestudentsheartbeatwasrestoredandhewassenttothehospitalforfurthertreatment.Anemergencydoctorfromthehospitalwhoattendedthescenesaiditwashighlylikelythestudentwouldhavedied,hadnotaseriesofthecorrectfirst-aidmeasuresbeenapplied,alongwiththeAED.PeiZheng,astaffmemberfromTsinghuaUniversitysPolicyResearchOffice,saiditwas“reallycool”thatAEDswereavailableattheinstitution.“Itssogoodthatwehavetheselife-savingmachinesoncampus,otherwisewewouldhaveheardtragicnews,”shesaid.Thedeviceshavebeeninstalledaroundthecampusinstages.1.WhatcanweinferabouttheAED?A.Itisquiteeasytolearntouseit.B.Itisavailablenationwide.C.Ithassavedmanylives.D.Itisinventedbymedicalworkers.2.A45-year-oldmanandastudentarementionedinthetextto.

A.makecomparisonsinageB.stressthefunctionofCPRC.showtheefficiencyoftheAEDD.raisetheawarenessofheartattacks3.WhyhaveAEDsbeeninstalledaroundthecampusofTsinghuaUniversity?A.Tosafeguardstudentshealth.B.Tomakethecampusmorebeautiful.C.Toapplyknowledgetopractice.D.TomakeitconvenienttolearntouseAEDs.4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Heartattackscanbeprevented.B.Firstaidshouldbelearnedwidely.C.Universitiesareequippedwithnewdevices.D.Life-savingdevicescometotherescue.答案[語(yǔ)篇解讀]這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主題語(yǔ)境為人與社會(huì),主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容為科技發(fā)展。本文介紹了新的急救裝置——自動(dòng)體外除顫器(AED),它能在心臟停搏時(shí)起到救命的作用。1.A推理判斷題。本題題干意為:對(duì)于自動(dòng)體外除顫器,我們可以推斷出什么?根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Afterabrieftrainingperiod,peoplewithnomedicalknowledgecanmasterthebasicskillsneededtouseanAED.”(沒(méi)有醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)的人只要通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的培訓(xùn)就會(huì)掌握使用自動(dòng)體外除顫器的基本技能)可推斷出很容易學(xué)會(huì)使用AED,故答案為A項(xiàng)。2.C推理判斷題。本題題干意為:文中提及一名45歲的男性和一名學(xué)生是為了。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“However,ifanautomatedexternaldefibrillator,orAED,hadbeenavailableatthescene,themanschancesofsurvivalwouldhavebeengreatlyimproved.”(然而,如果現(xiàn)場(chǎng)有一個(gè)自動(dòng)體外除顫器,這個(gè)人的生存機(jī)會(huì)就會(huì)大大提高。)和第四段中的“itwashighlylikelythestudentwouldhavedied,hadnotaseriesofthecorrectfirst-aidmeasuresbeenapplied,alongwiththeAED”(如果沒(méi)有采取一系列正確的急救措施和使用自動(dòng)體外除顫器,這名學(xué)生很可能已經(jīng)死亡)可知在急救過(guò)程中有沒(méi)有自動(dòng)體外除顫器,急救的結(jié)果是截然不同的,由此可推知文中提及一名45歲的男性和一名學(xué)生的目的是表明自動(dòng)體外除顫器的功效,故答案為C項(xiàng)。

3.A推理判斷題。本題題干意為:為什么在清華大學(xué)校園安裝自動(dòng)體外除顫器?根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“Itssogoodthatwehavetheselife-savingmachinesoncampus,otherwisewewouldhaveheardtragicnews”可推斷出清華大學(xué)校園里安裝自動(dòng)體外除顫器是為了保障學(xué)生們的健康。故選A項(xiàng)。4.D主旨要義題。本題題干意為:本文的主旨是什么?通讀整篇文章可知文章通過(guò)兩個(gè)例子來(lái)講述自動(dòng)體外除顫器的功能和在緊急情況下能救命的作用,故選D項(xiàng)。Passage5SarahMoorerushedhertwo-year-olddaughterLacieMooretohospitalaftershewashurt.TheworriedmumfromMorecambe,Lancashire,lefthercaronadoubleyellowlineoutsidetheLancasterhospitalandracedinsidewithherdaughter.WhenSarahreturnedtohercar,ratherthanfindingaparkingticket,shesurprisedlydiscoveredahand-writtennote,sayingthattheyhad“sweet-talked”thetrafficwarden(交通管理員)intonotgivingheraticket.“Theydidnthavetodothat—itmadethingsaloteasier,”thegratefulmumsaid.“Iwasfullyexpectingtocomeoutofthehospitalandtohaveaparkingticket,andIhadcometotermswiththat.”ThedramaticeveningbeganontheeveningofJuly2whenLaciesplitherheadopenonthehinge(鉸鏈)ofadoor.Lacierippedonthecarpetandhitthehinge.WhenSarahpickedheruptherewasbloodeverywhere.ItterrifiedSarah,whoquicklyswitchedtoactionmode.TherewasnotimetocallforanambulancesoSarahjustputherinthecarandgothertherein15minutes.Itwasscary.WhenshearrivedatthehospitalSarahignoredthewarningsofambulancestaffaboutpotentialtrafficwardensandracedinside.Thenoteshefoundonhercarwhenshereturnedmadesureadifficultdaywasmadejustalittlebiteasier.Itread:“Goodafternoon,wenoticedyouleftyourcarhereasyourushedyourchildintoA&E.(Wetriedtowarnyouaboutgettingaticket.)Wespokewiththetrafficwardenandtoldhimaboutyoursituationandmanagedtosweet-talkhimintolettingyouoffunderthecircumstances.Hewantedustoletyouknowthatyoucanleaveitintheambulancebayacrosstheroad.Wehopeyourlittleoneisokay.Kindestregards.”1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sweet-talked”inParagraph1mean?A.Tricksomebodywithsomesweets.B.Persuadesomebodyinapleasantway.C.Confusesomebodywithsweetwords.D.Convincesomebodywithsolidevidence.2.WhatdoweknowaboutSarah?A.Sheinjuredherdaughterathome.B.Shewaspunishedforbreakingtrafficrules.C.Shethoughtshewouldpayaparkingfine.D.Noonenoticedherwhensheparkedhercar.3.WhowrotethenoteforSarah?A.Passers-by.B.Trafficwardens.C.DoctorsinA&E.D.Ambulancestaff.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthistext?A.ASweetSurpriseB.ALuckyMotherC.AGenerousWardenD.AThoughtfulParkingTicket答案[語(yǔ)篇解讀]這是一篇記敘文。主題語(yǔ)境為人與社會(huì),主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容為社會(huì)交往。SarahMoore在帶孩子到醫(yī)院就醫(yī)時(shí),因孩子傷情緊急而違規(guī)停車(chē),目睹此情形的急救人員為她向交通管理員求情,從而為她免去了罰單。1.B猜測(cè)詞義題。本題題干意為:第一段中的畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞“sweet-talked”是什么意思?根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知,SarahMoore把車(chē)停在了雙黃線(xiàn)上,違反了交通規(guī)則,但讓她吃驚的是她回來(lái)后看到車(chē)上沒(méi)有貼罰單,而是有一張手寫(xiě)的便條;再結(jié)合第四段中提到的便條內(nèi)容“Wespokewiththetrafficwardenandtoldhimaboutyoursituationandmanagedtosweet-talkhimintolettingyouoffunderthecircumstances.(我們和交通管理員談了談,告訴了他關(guān)于你的情況,并設(shè)法用甜言蜜語(yǔ)說(shuō)服他在這種情況下放了你。)”可以推測(cè),“sweet-talked”指用甜言蜜語(yǔ)說(shuō)服了交通管理員不要給Sarah開(kāi)罰單。選項(xiàng)B“用令人愉快的方式說(shuō)服某人”與之意義相近,故選B項(xiàng)。2.C推理判斷題。本題題干意為:對(duì)于Sarah我們知道什么?根據(jù)第二段中“Iwasfullyexpectingtocomeoutofthehospitalandtohaveaparkingticket,andIhadcometotermswiththat.”(我滿(mǎn)心期待著從醫(yī)院出來(lái),并等著收到一張違規(guī)停車(chē)罰單,我是會(huì)接受的。)可知,SarahMoore清楚自己違規(guī)停車(chē)并且預(yù)料自己會(huì)因此被罰款。故選C項(xiàng)。3.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:是誰(shuí)給Sarah寫(xiě)了那張便條?根據(jù)第四段中“WhenshearrivedatthehospitalSarahignoredthewarningsofambulancestaffaboutpotentialtrafficwardensandracedinside.”可得知,寫(xiě)便條的人是曾經(jīng)提醒過(guò)SarahMoore的救護(hù)人員。故選D項(xiàng)。4.A主旨要義題。本題題干意為:本文的最佳題目是什么?全文圍繞SarahMoore意外收到的善意便條展開(kāi),介紹了她因急著帶孩子就醫(yī)而違規(guī)停車(chē)以及急救人員說(shuō)服交通管理員免開(kāi)罰單的事。選項(xiàng)A“ASweetSurprise(甜蜜的驚喜)”最能概括文章的主旨大意。故選A項(xiàng)。Passage6Mostofushavesomethingaboutusthatwerenot100%inlovewith,suchasanimpulsivestreakorashorttemper.Whatifthosepersonalitytraits(個(gè)性特征)couldbeimprovedwithdailyuseofasmartphoneapp?ThatwasthefocusofanewstudyfromaninternationalresearchteamledbytheUniversityofZurich.“Personalitytraitspredictseveralimportantaspectsoflifesuchassuccessatwork,healthandevenalonglife,”saysfirstauthorMirjamStieger,PhD,ofBrandeisUniversityinWaltham,Massachusetts.“Sowewantedtotestwhetherpeoplecanactivelyshapetheirpersonalitytraitswiththehelpofadigitalintervention(干預(yù))withinarelativelyshortperiodoftime.”Around1,500participantswereprovidedwithaspeciallydevelopedsmartphoneappcalledPEACHforthreemonths.Ontheapp,avirtualcompanioncommunicatedwiththeparticipantsdailyandprovidedsupporttohelpthemmakethechangestheydesired.Andparticipantsweredividedintotwogroups—aninterventiongroupandawaitlistcontrolgroup.Participantsinthewaitlistcontrolgroupselectedandindicatedtheirchangegoalsbeforeaone-monthwaitingperiod,andthentheyreceivedthesamethree-monthinterventionastheinterventiongroup.Theresearchersfoundthatparticipantsinthewaitlistcontrolgroupdidntchangetheirpersonalitytraitsduringtheone-monthwaitingperiod,butparticipantswhoreceivedtheinterventionreportedchangesinthedesireddirection.“Wealsofoundthatfriendsandfamilymemberswereabletodetectpersonalitychanges,”Stiegersays.“Anothersurprisingfindingwasthatmostparticipantswereabletomaintain(維持)theirpersonalitytraitchangesuntilthreemonthsaftertheendoftheintervention.”Whileappscouldbeusedtopromotepersonalitychange,mentalhealthexpertKarenPeterswarns,itsimportanttoremembertheyarethereforsupportandnotasasubstituteforanindividualschange.“Theuseofanappitselfisntgoingtoinfluencechange—changeisinfluencedbyinternalmotivation,”shesays.“Thenewstudydemonstratesthispointbydeterminingthatchangeoutcomeswereinagreementwiththeindividualsdesiretochange.”1.WhydoestheauthoraskthequestioninParagraph1?A.Toputforwardaproblem.B.Torecommendamethod.C.Toleadintherecentstudy.D.Tocomeupwithanewconcept.2.Whatwereparticipantsaskedtodointhenewstudy?A.Settheirchangegoals.B.Detectotherschanges.C.Helptheircompanions.D.Getridofdailyapps.3.Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?A.Mostoftheparticipantspersonalitieswereunstable.B.Digitalinterventionmadenodifferencetopersonalities.C.Theuseofanappalonecouldshapepersonalitytraits.D.Theparticipantspersonalitychangeswerenoticeable.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AreYourPersonalityTraitsOutofControl?B.AreYouinLovewithYourPersonalityTraits?C.CanaSmartphoneAppChangeYourPersonality?D.CanDigitalInterventionDeterminePersonalDesire?答案[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文為說(shuō)明文。主題語(yǔ)境為人與社會(huì),主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容為科技發(fā)展。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),人們可以通過(guò)使用智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序改變他們的個(gè)性特征。1.C推理判斷題。本題題干意為:在第一段作者為什么提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題?根據(jù)第一段中“ThatwasthefocusofanewstudyfromaninternationalresearchteamledbytheUniversityofZurich.”(那是蘇黎世大學(xué)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一個(gè)國(guó)際研究小組的一項(xiàng)新研究的重點(diǎn)。)可推知提問(wèn)的目的是引入最新的研究,故答案為C項(xiàng)。2.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:在這項(xiàng)新研究中,參與者被要求做什么事情?根據(jù)第三段中“...tohelpthemmakethechangestheydesired.”及“Participantsinthewaitlistcontrolgroupselectedandindicatedtheirchangegoalsbeforeaone-monthwaitingperiod”(參加對(duì)照組的人員在一個(gè)月的等待期之前選擇并表明他們的改變目標(biāo))可知在此項(xiàng)研究中,參與者被要求預(yù)先確定自己的變化目標(biāo),故答案為A項(xiàng)。

3.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:這項(xiàng)新研究有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)?根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),對(duì)照組的參與者在一個(gè)月的等待期間其性格特征沒(méi)有發(fā)生變化,但接受干預(yù)的參與者報(bào)告了他們?cè)陬A(yù)期方向上有所變化。接受干預(yù)的參與者的朋友和家人也能夠察覺(jué)到他們?nèi)烁竦淖兓?。另外一個(gè)令人驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)是,大多數(shù)參與者能夠保持他們性格特征的變化,直到干預(yù)結(jié)束的三個(gè)月后)可知答案為D項(xiàng)。4.C主旨要義題。本題題干意為:本文的合適題目是什么?通讀全文,尤其是文章第一段中的“Whatifthosepersonalitytraitscouldbeimprovedwithdailyuseofasmartphoneapp?”(如果那些性格特征可以通過(guò)日常使用智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序得到改善,會(huì)怎么樣呢?)及第二段中的“Sowewantedtotestwhetherpeoplecanactivelyshapetheirpersonalitytraitswiththehelpofadigitalinterventionwithinarelativelyshortperiodoftime.”(所以我們想測(cè)試人們能否在相對(duì)較短的時(shí)間內(nèi),在數(shù)字干預(yù)的幫助下積極塑造自己的性格特征。)可知答案為C項(xiàng)。長(zhǎng)難句Mostofushavesomethingaboutusthatwerenot100%inlovewith,suchasanimpulsivestreakorashorttemper.我們大多數(shù)人都有一些不是自己百分之百喜歡的特質(zhì),比如沖動(dòng)傾向或暴躁的脾氣。本句為主從復(fù)合句。thatwerenot100%inlovewith為定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞something。Passage7Arobotwithasenseoftouchmayoneday“feel”pain,bothitsownphysicalpainandsympathyforthepainofitshumancompanions.Suchtouchy-feelyrobotsarestillfar-off,butadvancesinrobotictouch-sensingarebringingthatpossibilityclosertoreality.Sensorssetinsoft,artificialskinthatcandetectbothagentletouchandapainfulstrikehavebeenhookeduptoarobotthatcanthensignalemotions,AsadareportedonFebruary15attheannualmeetingoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience.Thisartificial“painnervoussystem”,asAsadacallsit,maybeasmallbuildingblockforamachinethatcouldultimatelyexperiencepain.Suchafeelingmightalsoallowarobotto“sympathize”withahumancompanionssuffering.Asada,anengineeratOsakaUniversity,andhiscolleagueshavedesignedtouchsensorsthatreliablypickuparangeoftouches.InarobotsystemnamedAffetto,arealistic-lookingchildshead,thesetouchandpainsignalscanbeconvertedtoemotionalfacialexpressions.Atouch-sensitive,softmaterial,asopposedtoarigidmetalsurface,allowsricherinteractionsbetweenamachineandtheworld,saysneuroscientistKingsonManoftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Artificialskin“allowsthepossibilityofengagementintrulyintelligentways”.Suchasystem,Asadasays,mightultimatelyleadtorobotsthatcanrecognizethepainofothers,avaluableskillforrobotsdesignedtohelpcareforpeopleinneed,theelderly,forinstance.Butthereisanimportantdistinctionbetweenarobotthatrespondsinapredictablewaytoapainfulstrikeandarobotthatsabletocomputeaninternalfeelingaccurately,saysDamasio,aneuroscientistalsoattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Arobotwithsensorswhichcandetecttouchandpainis“alongthelinesofhavingarobot,forexample,thatsmileswhenyoutalktoit,”Damasiosays.“Itsadeviceforcommunicationofthemachinetoahuman.”Whilethatsaninterestingdevelopment,“itsnotthesamething”asarobotdesignedtocomputesomesortofinternalexperience,hesays.1.Whatdoweknowaboutthe“painnervoussystem”?A.ItisnamedAffettobyscientists.B.Itisasetofcomplicatedsensors.C.Itisabletosignaldifferentemotions.D.Itcombinessensorsandartificialskin.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“converted”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Delivered.B.Translated.C.Attached.D.Adapted.3.WhatdoesDamasioconsiderasaninterestingdevelopment?A.Robotscansmilewhentalkedto.B.Robotscantalktohumanbeings.C.Robotscancomputeinternalfeelings.D.Robotscandetectpainsandrespondaccordingly.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.MachinesBecomeEmotionalB.RobotsInchtoFeelingPainC.HumanFeelingsCanBeFeltD.NewDevicesTouchYourHeart答案[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文為說(shuō)明文。主題語(yǔ)境為人與社會(huì),主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容為科技發(fā)展。本文介紹了能感受到疼痛的有觸覺(jué)的機(jī)器人的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:我們對(duì)“疼痛神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)”了解什么?第二段第一句介紹了“painnervoussystem”,根據(jù)該句中“Sensorssetinsoft,artificialskinthatcandetectbothagentletouchandapainfulstrikehavebeenhookeduptoarobotthatcanthensignalemotions”(安裝在可以檢測(cè)到輕輕的觸摸和痛苦的打擊的柔軟的人造皮膚上的傳感器與能夠發(fā)出情緒信號(hào)的機(jī)器人相連)可知答案為D項(xiàng)(它把傳感器和人造皮膚連了起來(lái))。根據(jù)第三段中“InarobotsystemnamedAffetto”(在被命名為Affetto的機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)中)可排除A項(xiàng)(它被科學(xué)家們命名為Affetto);B項(xiàng)(它是一套復(fù)雜的傳感器)和C項(xiàng)(它能夠發(fā)出不同的情緒信號(hào))在文中沒(méi)被提及,故被排除。

2.B猜測(cè)詞義題。本題題干意為:第三段中的畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞“converted”可能是什么意思?根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞前后的thesetouchandpainsignals和emotionalfacialexpressions可猜出畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞的意思是“轉(zhuǎn)化”,故答案為B項(xiàng)。3.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:Damasio認(rèn)為什么是一種有趣的發(fā)展?根據(jù)最后一段中“arobotthatrespondsinapredictablewaytoapainfulstrike”(一個(gè)能對(duì)痛苦的打擊做出可預(yù)測(cè)的反應(yīng)的機(jī)器人)可知答案為D項(xiàng)(機(jī)器人可以檢測(cè)疼痛并做出相應(yīng)的反應(yīng))。根據(jù)最后一段Arobotwithsensorswhichcandetecttouchandpainis“alongthelinesofhavingarobot,forexample,thatsmileswhenyoutalktoit”(一個(gè)裝有可以檢測(cè)觸摸和疼痛傳感器的機(jī)器人,類(lèi)似于這種機(jī)器人,例如當(dāng)你和它說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí),它會(huì)微笑)中的“類(lèi)似”“例如”可排除A項(xiàng);根據(jù)最后一段中的“itsnotthesamething”asarobotdesignedtocomputesomesortofinternalexperience(這與設(shè)計(jì)用來(lái)計(jì)算某種內(nèi)部體驗(yàn)的機(jī)器人是不同的)可排除C項(xiàng);B項(xiàng)文中并未提及。4.B主旨要義題。本題題干意為:本文的最佳題目是什么?根據(jù)文章中心句,即第一段第一句(有觸覺(jué)的機(jī)器人有一天可能會(huì)“感受到”疼痛,既包括它自己身體上的疼痛,也包括對(duì)人類(lèi)同伴疼痛的同情)可知本文最佳題目是B項(xiàng)。Passage8Nowmanycountriesworktowardsacarbon-neutralfuture,hopingtoachievetherealgreengrowthandchange.ThecurrentUKgovernmenthadoriginallysetoutplanstobecomecarbon-zeroby2050.AndinanewannouncementregardingtheUKsgreeneconomicrecovery,thePrimeMinisterhascommittedtoacceleratingoffshorewindby2030.Inarecentspeech,BritainsPrimeMinisterBorisJohnsonannouncedthatthegovernmentwillinvestincleanenergy,promisingthat￡160mwillbededicatedtobuildingwind