意大利政黨情況分析報告-外文版培訓(xùn)課件

POLITICS

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SOCIETYPoliticalpartiesinItalyCHAPTER

01OverviewResultsoftheparliamentaryelectionsinItalyonSeptember25th,2022ResultsofparliamentaryelectionsinItaly2022ShareofvotesSenateChamberofDeputies10%

15%0%5%20%25%30%26.01%25.99%BrothersofItaly(Right-wing)DemocraticParty(Center-left)FiveStarMovement(Populism)League(Right-wing)18.96%19.07%15.55%15.43%8.85%8.77%8.27%8.11%ForzaItalia(Center-right)7.73%7.79%Action-ItaliaViva(Center)GreensandLeftAlliance(Left-wing)MoreEurope(Center)3.53%3.63%2.94%2.83%3Description:Afterthe2022Italianparliamentaryelections,BrothersofItalycollectedonefourthofthevotes,beingthemostchosenpartyamongthosecompetingintheelection.TheDemocraticPartyrankedsecond,winning20percentofthepeople'sconsensus,followedbytheFive-StarMovement,with15percent.BrothersofItaly'salliedparties,LeagueandForzaItalia,received8.8percentand8.2percentrespectively,allowingthecenter-rightcoalitiontoformagovernmentunderGiorgia[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;September25th,2022Source(s):Ministerodell'InternoEstimatedpercentageofvoteswoninthechamberofdeputiesandsenateintheItaliangeneralelectionof2022,bycoalitionItalygeneralelectionresults2022RightcoalitionLeftcoalitionFiveStarCentrecoalition44.02%Others50%45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%43.7%26.13%25.99%15.43%15.55%7.79%7.73%6.95%6.71%0%ChamberofDeputies(Lowerhouse)ItalianSenate(Upperhouse)4Description:Theright-wingallianceofpoliticalpartieswonthehighestshareofthevoteintheItaliangeneralelectionof2022,at43.7percentofvotesintheChamberofDeputies,and44.02percentintheItaliansenate.Thiscoalitionconsistsoffourindividualparties,withthelargestofthesebeingtheBrothersofItalyledbyGiorgiaMeloni,whichgained26percentofthevoteforboththeChamberofDeputiesandSenate.Onthe21stofOctober2022,MelonibecameItaly'sfirstfemalePrimeMinister.

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;September26,2022Source(s):Ministerodell'InternoNumberofseatswonintheChamberofDeputiesaftertheItalianparliamentaryelectionsinSeptember25th,2022,bypoliticalpartySeatsdistributionintheChamberaftertheItalianelections2022Numberofseats020406080100120118140BrothersofItaly(Right-wing)DemocraticParty(Center-left)League(Right-wing)6565FiveStarMovement(Populism)ForzaItalia(Centre-right)5145Action-ItaliaViva(Center)21GreensandLeftAlliance(Left-wing)UsModerates(Center/Center-right)Otherparties127165Description:Afterthe2022Italianparliamentaryelection,BrothersofItalywon118ofthe400seatsavailableintheChamberofDeputies,thelowerhouseoftheItalianParliament.TheDemocraticPartyandtheLeaguegained65membersoftheparliament(MPs).TheFive-StarMovementsignificantlylostincomparisontothe2018elections,securingonly51MEPs.Overall,BrothersofItaly,theLeagueandForzaItaliaacquired228seats,morethanthenecessarymajorityof201.Thisresult,together[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;25thSeptember2022Source(s):Ministerodell'InternoNumberofseatswonintheSenateoftheRepublicaftertheItalianparliamentaryelectionsinSeptember25th,2022,bypoliticalpartySeatsdistributionintheChamberaftertheItalianelections2022Numberofseats010203040506070BrothersofItaly(Right-wing)DemocraticParty(Center-left)League(Right-wing)663729FiveStarMovement(Populism)ForzaItalia(Centre-right)2818Action-ItaliaViva(Center)9GreensandLeftAlliance(Left-wing)UsModerates(Center/Center-right)Otherparties42136Description:Afterthe2022Italianparliamentaryelection,BrothersofItalywon66ofthe200electedseatsavailableintheSenateoftheRepublic,theupperhouseoftheItalianParliament.TheDemocraticPartyandtheLeaguegained37and29membersoftheparliament(MPs),respectively.TheFive-StarMovementsignificantlylostincomparisontothe2018elections,securingonly28senators.Overall,BrothersofItaly,theLeagueandForzaItaliaacquired113seats,morethanthenecessarymajorityof[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;September25th,2022Source(s):Ministerodell'InternoShareofvotesgainedbyItalianpoliticalpartiesbetween2018and2022VotesearnedbyItalianparties2018-2022Shareofvotes2022201815%0%5%10%20%25%30%35%26%BrothersofItaly(Right-wing)DemocraticParty(Center-left)FiveStarMovement(Populism)League(Right-wing)4.3%19.1%18.7%15.4%32.7%8.8%17.4%8.1%7.8%ForzaItalia(Centre-right)14%Action-ItaliaViva(Center)*GreensandLeftAlliance(Left-wing)**MoreEurope(Center)3.6%3.4%2.8%2.5%7Description:Afterthe2022elections,BrothersofItalywasthepartywhichregisteredthelargestgrowthcomparedtotheprevious2018polls.Infact,itaugmentedfromfourto26percent,recordingthebestresultsincetheparty'sfoundationin2013.Onthecontrary,theFive-StarMovementregisteredtheworstperformance,loosingmorethanhalfoftheirconsensusin2018.?TheDemocraticParty,theLeftandMoreEuropeconfirmedinthelastelectiontheir2018score.BrothersofItaly'soutstanding[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2018to2022Source(s):Ministerodell'InternoNumberofItalianpoliticalpartiescontestinginparliamentaryandEuropeanelectionsfrom2001to2024ItalianpartiesparticipatingingeneralandEuropeanelections2001-202420018417418016014012010080147139109797575605238344020020012004*200620082009*20132014*20182019*20222024*8Description:ThenumberofpoliticalpartiesadmittedbytheMinistryofInteriortotakepartintheparliamentaryandEuropeanelectionshasprogressivelydecreased.From2001to2013,thefactionscontestinginthegeneralelectionsalwaysremainedabove139,reflectingthevastfragmentationoftheItalianpartysystem.However,inthelastdecade,thisnumberhasdroppedto75associationsacceptedforthe2018and2022parliamentaryvote,whileonly34wereadmittedtothe2024EUelection.[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2001to2024;*Europeanelections.ReadmoreSource(s):Ministerodell'InternoNumberofItalianpoliticalpartiesenrolledtotheNationalregisterofpoliticalpartiesfrom2014to2023ItalianpartiesadmittedtotheNationalregisterofpoliticalparties2014-2023807060506967595653484539403020100301320142015201620172018201920202021202220239Description:InDecember2013,theItalianparliamentabolishedpublicfinancingforpoliticalparties.Sincethen,contrarytoothercountriesworldwide,suchasMexicoandNorway,partiescanfundtheiractivityonlythroughprivatecontributionsanddonations.Infact,taxpayerscanassign0.2percentoftheirincometaxtopoliticalassociations.Tobenefitfromthisallocation,partiesmustbeenrolledtotheNationalregisterofpoliticalparties.Sincethebeginningofthereform,thenumberofaccepted[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2014to2023Source(s):Parlamento.itCHAPTER

02NationalpartiesShareofvotesearnedbyBrothersofItalyinparliamentaryandEuropeanelectionsfrom2013to2022ShareofvoteswonbyBrothersofItaly2013-202230%25%20%15%10%25.98%6.44%2019*4.35%20185%0%3.67%2014*1.96%2013202211Description:BrothersofItaly(Fratellid'Italia-FdI)representsthemainright-wingpartyinthecountry'spoliticalspectrum.Itwasfoundedin2013,afterasplitfromForzaItaliaorganizedbythemostreactionaryandconservativemembersofthepartyundertheleadershipofGiorgiaMeloni.Initially,FdIperformedpoorlyinthegeneralandEuropeanelections,stayingbelowfivepercentofthepopularconsensus.However,since2019theparty'spopularitygrewsteadily,and,inparticular,overthelastyears[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2013to2022;*Europeanelections.

Fortheparliamentaryelections,datarefertotheChamberofDeputies.ReadmoreSource(s):Ministerodell'InternoShareofvotesearnedbytheLeagueinparliamentaryandEuropeanelectionsfrom1992to2022ShareofvoteswonbytheLeague1992-202240%35%30%25%20%34.26%17.35%15%10.07%10.21%2009*8.65%19928.79%20228.36%19948.3%200810%5%6.56%1994*6.15%2014*4.96%2004*4.48%1999*4.58%20063.94%20014.09%20130%199620182019*12Description:TheLeague,formerlyknownasNorthLeague,hascontinuouslycontestedinItalianelectionssince1992.Rightafterthefoundation,theparty'svotesrangedaroundeightpercent,beforeadecisivefellintheearly2000s,whenitcollectedlessthanfivepercentoftheballots.However,underMatteoSalvini'ssecretaryshipfrom2013,theLeagueexperiencedafirmgrowth,becomingthemostvotedlistofthecenter-rightcoalitionin2018andthefirstpartynationwidein2019.Thereafter,[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;1992to2022;*Europeanelections.

Fortheparliamentaryelections,datarefertotheChamberofDeputies.ReadmoreSource(s):Ministerodell'InternoShareofvotesearnedbyForzaItaliainparliamentaryandEuropeanelectionsfrom1992to2022ShareofvoteswonbyForzaItalia1994-202240%37.38%35.26%35%30.62%29.43%30%25%20%15%10%5%25.16%23.72%21.56%21.01%20.93%20.57%18.61%14%8.78%2019*8.11%202219941994*19961999*20012004*200620082009*20132014*201813Description:ForzaItalia(FI)wasfoundedin1994bythemediaandconstructionbusinessmanSilvioBerlusconi.Inthefirstelections,itcollectedaround20percentofthevotes,whichenableditsleadertobeappointedPrimeMinister.ThepartyplayedaprominentroleintheItalianpoliticsformorethan20years,withBerlusconibeingtheheadofgovernmentforalmostadecade.In2008,FIachievedthebestresult,earning37percentofthevotes.Afterthe2011financialcrisis,whichnegatively[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;1994to2022;*Europeanelections.

Fortheparliamentaryelections,datarefertotheChamberofDeputies.

From2009to2013thepartywasknownasIlPopolodellaLibertà(ThePeopleofFreedom).

ReadmoreSource(s):Ministerodell'InternoShareofvotesearnedbytheDemocraticPartyinparliamentaryandEuropeanelectionsfrom2008to2022ShareofvoteswonbytheDemocraticParty2008-202245%40.81%40%35%30%25%20%15%33.18%26.12%25.43%22.74%2019*19.04%202218.76%201820082009*20132014*14Description:TheDemocraticParty(PD)wasfoundedin2008,representingthemaincenter-leftpartyinthecountry'spoliticalspectrum.Afterhavinginitiallycollectedmorethan30percentofthevotes,PDsettledaround25percentoftheconsensusbetween2009and2013.Inthe2014Europeanelection,thecenter-leftfactionearnedalmost41percentofthevotesundertheleadershipoftheformerPrimeMinisterMatteoRenzi,recordingthebestresultforasinglepartysince1948.Thereafter,thelist[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2008to2022;*Europeanelections.

Fortheparliamentaryelections,datarefertotheChamberofDeputies.ReadmoreSource(s):Ministerodell'InternoShareofvotesearnedbytheFive-StarMovementinparliamentaryandEuropeanelectionsfrom2013to2022ShareofvoteswonbytheFive-StarMovement2013-202235%32.68%30%25%20%15%10%25.56%21.16%17.06%2019*15.43%202220132014*201815Description:TheFive-StarMovement(M5S)wasfoundedin2009bythecomedianBeppeGrillo,asananti-systemandpro-directdemocracyparty,withamarkedpopulistandanti-eurocharacter.Afterbeingactiveonlyinlocalpolitics,in2013itfirstlycontestedinanationalelection,collectingonefourthofthevotes,representingthelargestoppositionforcebetween2013and2018.Inthesameyear,thepartycollectedmorethan32percentofthevotes,whichallowedM5Stoformagovernmentina[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2013to2022;*Europeanelections.

Fortheparliamentaryelections,datarefertotheChamberofDeputies.ReadmoreSource(s):Ministerodell'InternoCHAPTER

03WomeninItalianpoliticalpartiesShareofwomensittingintheChamberofDeputiesandintheSenateoftheRepublicinItalyfrom1948to2022ShareofwomeninItalianParliament1948-2022ChamberofDeputiesSenate40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%0%194819531958196319681972197619791983198719921994199620012006200820132018202217Description:TheshareofwomeninsittingintheItalianParliamentontotalnumberofthemembers(MPs)hasslowlybutcontinuouslygrownfrom1972to2022.Onthecontrary,duringthe1950sandthe1960s,thewomen'squotaremainedbelowfivepercent.Overall,theChamberofDeputieshasalwayshadahigherfemalerepresentationcomparedtotheSenate,inwhichin1953,remarkably,only0.37ofsenatorswerewomen.Inthelowerhouse,instead,thehistoricalminimumwasreachedin1968,[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;1948to2022Source(s):OpenpolisNumberofwomensittingintheChamberofDeputiesandintheSenateoftheRepublicinItalyasof2024,bypartyWomeninItalianParliament2024,bypartyNumberoffemaleMPs20

30010405060BrothersofItalyDemocraticPartyFive-StarMovementLeague55363529ForzaItalia17Action88ItaliaVivaGreensandLeftAllianceOthers5918Description:Asof2024,202womensitintheItalianParliament,128intheChamberofDeputiesand74intheSenate,accountingforaroundone-thirdofthetotalmembersoftheParliament(MPs).BrothersofItalyhasthelargestfemalerepresentationwith55womenelected,includingGiorgiaMeloni,theparty'sleaderandthefirstItalianfemalePrimeMinister.TheDemocraticPartyandtheFive-StarMovementfollowwith36and35femaleMPs,respectively.Comparedtothetotalgroup[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;Asof2024Source(s):OpenpolisShareofwomeninpoliticsinItalyasof2021,bypositionShareofwomeninpoliticsinItaly2021,bypositionShareofwomen0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%WomeninMinisterialPositions27.8%PercentageofWomeninParliament35.7%19Description:InItaly,around36percentofParliamentrepresentativesarewomen.Asregardsthefemalerepresentationinministerialpositions,aboutthreein10peoplearewomen.AmongtheG20countries,noparliamentorministerhasafemalemajority.inMinisterialpositions,onlyCanadaandFrancehaveanequalbalanceofwomenandmen.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2021Source(s):OECD;Women'sForumfortheEconomy&SocietyCHAPTER

04FinancingTotalamountoffundingreceivedbypoliticalpartiesfromtaxpayersinItalybetween2016and2023(ineuros)PrivatefinancingofpoliticalpartiesinItaly2016-202330,000,00025,000,00020,000,00024,058,16820,402,80818,913,26018,557,88318,053,66415,315,28914,148,16515,000,00010,000,0005,000,000011,763,2272016201720182019202020212022202321Description:AftertheabolitionofpublicfinancinginItaly,politicalpartiescanfundraiseonlythroughprivatecontributionsanddonations.TheamountofmoneythatItaliantaxpayersdecidedtoallocatetopoliticalassociationshasconstantlyincreased.Infact,partiesreceivedalmosttwelvemillioneurosin2016,butcitizensearmarkedbeyond24millioneurosin2023forpoliticalfactions,morethanthedoublecomparedto2016.TheDemocraticPartyhasalwaysbeenthelargestrecipientoftheprivate[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2016to2023Source(s):Ministerodell'economiaedellefinanzePrivatefundingreceivedbypoliticalpartiesfromtaxpayersinItalybetween2016and2023,bypoliticalparty(ineuros)PrivatefinancingofItalianparties2016-2023,bypoliticalpartyBrothersofItaly9,000,000DemocraticPartyForzaItaliaLeagueActionItaliaVivaItalianLeftGreensMoreEurope8,000,0007,000,0006,000,0005,000,0004,000,0003,000,0002,000,0001,000,00002016201720182019202020212022202322Description:TheDemocraticParty(PD)hasconstantlybeenthepoliticalassociationcollectingthelargestprivatecontributionsfromtaxpayers.Thisrangedbetween6.4millioneurosin2016to8.1millioneurosin2023,withapeakin2019,whenPDreceived8.4millioneuros.Between2016and2020,theLeaguewasthesecondmostchosenparty,abletocollectuptothreemillioneurosin2019.Thiscurveisconsistantwiththeonedescribingtheshareofvoteswon,asinthesameyeartheright-wing[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2016to2023Source(s):Ministerodell'economiaedellefinanzeTotalnumberoftaxpayersfundingpoliticalpartiesinItalybetween2016and2023TaxcontributorsfinancingpoliticalpartiesinItaly2016-20232,000,0001,800,0001,600,0001,744,9131,431,3841,371,5111,358,0851,360,5201,400,0001,228,3111,200,0001,089,817971,9831,000,000800,000600,000400,000200,00002016201720182019202020212022202323Description:AftertheabolitionofpublicfinancinginItaly,politicalpartiescanfundraiseonlythroughdonationsandprivatecontributionsfromtaxpayers,whocanallocate0.2percentoftheirincometaxtopoliticalparties.Thenumberofcitizenswhodecidedtocontributetothefinancingschemehasalwaysaugmented,togetherwiththeamountofmoneythatItaliansdecidedtodevotetopoliticalassociations.Infact,970,000peopleallocatedpartoftheirincometaxtopartiesin2016,representingonly[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2016to2023Source(s):Ministerodell'economiaedellefinanzeCHAPTER

05PublicopinionVotingintentionsinItalyfromSeptember2022toApril2024VotingintentionsinItaly2022-2024BrothersofItalyGreensandLeftAllianceDemocraticPartyActionFive-StarMovementItaliaVivaForzaItaliaMoreEuropeLeague35%30%25%20%15%10%5%0%September

December

February

March2023

June2023

September

October

November

December

January2022*

2022

2023

2023

2023

2023

2023

2024February

March2024

April2024202425Description:Afterthe2022elections,BrothersofItaly(FdI)furtherincreaseditsconsensus,reachingmorethan30percentofthepreferencesatthebeginningof2023.Sincethen,however,theshareofelectorsdeclaringtosupportthepartyslightlybutconstantlydecreased,asmirroredbythenegativeopinionthatItalianshaveofGiorgiaMeloni'sgovernment,FdI'sleader.Theparty'sconsensussettledtothe2022leveltwomonthsbeforetheEuropeanelections.Thetwomainoppositionparties,[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;April8thto12th,2024;1,000respondents;18yearsandolder;*Generalelectionsresult.

ActionandItaliaViva,whichcontestedasauniquelistinthe2022elections,decidedtosplittheallianceandtocontinueassinglepartiesfrom[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):IstitutoIxèNumberofItaliansengagedinpoliticsin2023,bypoliticalactivity(in1,000)Italians'politicalengagement20237,0006,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,00005,7321,5071,445691315ListeningtoapoliticaldebateParticipationinamarchParticipationinamass-meetingFinancialsupporttoapartyVolunteeringforaparty26Description:In2023,about5.7millionItaliansinformedthemselvesabouttheongoingpoliticalsituationbylisteningtoadebate.Thisrepresentsthemostfrequentengagementinpoliticschosenbythecitizens.Moreover,1.5millionand1.4millionpeopleactivelyparticipatedinamarchandinamass-meeting.Only690,000Italiansdeclaredtosupportapartyfinancially,andaround315,000individualsvolunteeredforapoliticalorganization.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;Asof2023;14yearsandolderSource(s):IstatNumberofItaliansengagedinpoliticsin2023,byoccupationalstatus