Unit+4+Scientists+who+changed+the+world+Reading高中英語譯林版必修第三冊

牛津譯林版高中英語必修三課件Unit4ScientistswhochangedtheworldReading47Chinesescientistwins2015NobelPrize◆?內(nèi)容分析【W(wǎng)hat】本板塊的語篇類型是人物報道，內(nèi)容圍繞中國第一位獲得諾貝爾獎的女科學(xué)家屠呦呦展開。文章介紹了屠呦呦及其團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)青蒿素的過程，重點介紹了他們的不懈努力，以及從傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)藥學(xué)中所汲取的智慧?！網(wǎng)hy】本板塊的語篇希望傳遞給讀者兩重深層含義：第一是中國的傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)藥學(xué)是個巨大的寶庫，如果善加利用，可以對人類健康事業(yè)作出巨大的貢獻(xiàn)；第二是以屠呦呦為杰出代表的科學(xué)家們所體現(xiàn)出來的堅韌不拔的意志、無私奉獻(xiàn)的品質(zhì)，是值得我們敬佩和學(xué)習(xí)的?！綡ow】本板塊的語篇具有新聞體裁的特點。我們要從三個視角去解讀文本。第一是新聞導(dǎo)語的特征：我們需要掌握新聞導(dǎo)語言簡意賅的特點，準(zhǔn)確把握新聞導(dǎo)語中的核心信息和額外信息；第二是過渡句的使用：文章中段與段之間過渡句的使用，很好地讓全文形成了一個整體；第三是下定義的手法：用通俗的語言給復(fù)雜的專有名詞作出清晰的解釋就是下定義的寫作技巧，比如本文中對于“瘧疾”、“青蒿素”等醫(yī)學(xué)名詞的定義，就是典型的例子。Bytheendofthissection,wewillbeableto:1.summarizetheoutlineandkeyinformationofthenewsreport;2.evaluatetheimportanceoftraditionalChinesemedicineandappreciatethequalitiesofTuYouyouasascientist;3.applynounphraseswhenexplainingmedicalterms.evalu·ate/??v?ljue?t/估計；評價；評估;assessterm

/t??m/詞語；術(shù)語；措辭

△Behindeveryscientificdiscoveryliesalotofhardwork.ThenewsreportbelowdescribestheChinesescientistTuYouyouandherdiscoveryofalife-savingmedicine.Beforeyoureadthenewsreport,thinkaboutthefollowingquestions:sci·en·tif·ic

/?sa??n?t?f?k/科學(xué)（上）的；關(guān)于科學(xué)的;細(xì)致嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)?；科學(xué)的life-saving

救命的；救生的;（對溺水者的）救生術(shù)

1)WhatdoyouknowabouttheNobelPrize?TheNobelPrizeisaninternationalprizegivenannuallyforachievementsindifferentfieldssuchasphysics,chemistry,medicineorliterature.Theprizeisalsoawardedtothosewhocontributetocreatingpeace.ItwasstartedbyAlfredNobel,aSwedishchemist,engineerandinventor.Hedecidedthatafterhisdeathhismoneymustbeusedtoawardactionsthatbenefitmankind.IknowtherehavebeensomeChinesewinnersoftheNobelPrizeinthefieldsofscienceandliterature.an·nu·al·ly/??nju?li/一年一次地

lit·era·ture

/?l?tr?t??(r)/文學(xué)；文學(xué)作品contributeto/k?n?tr?bju?t/貢獻(xiàn);做出貢獻(xiàn)Swedish/?swi?d??/瑞典的;瑞典人的;瑞典語的;瑞典文化的

2)Whatimportantscientificdiscoveriesinhistoryhaveyouheardabout?ThediscoveryofgravityhelpeduslearnaboutthelawsofmotionontheEarthandinspace.Itledtothedevelopmentoftransportationandourunderstandingoftheuniverse.X-raysallowedustoseetheinsideofthehumanbodysafelyandledtotheinventionofmoreadvancedbodyscanningsystems.ThediscoveryofDNAwassignificanttoourunderstandingoflivingthings.grav·ity/?ɡr?v?ti/重力；地球引力;嚴(yán)重性;嚴(yán)肅；莊嚴(yán)law規(guī)律；法則；原理mo·tion

/?m???n/運動；移動；動trans·por·ta·tion/?tr?nsp???te??n/交通工具;交通運輸系統(tǒng)scan

/sk?n/（X射線、超聲波、電磁波等）掃描Chinesescientistwins2015NobelPrizeByDinaConner/?di?n??k?n?(r)/迪娜·康納11December2015

△TuYouyouhasbecomethefirstfemalescientistofthePeople’sRepublicofChinatoreceiveaNobelPrize,awardedforhercontributiontothefightagainstmalaria,oneofthedeadliestdiseasesinhumanhistory.Thankstoherdiscoveryofqinghaosu,malariapatientsallovertheworldnowhavehadagreatlyincreasedchanceofsurvival.屠呦呦成為中華人民共和國首位獲得諾貝爾獎的女科學(xué)家。她獲獎是因為她為抗擊瘧疾所做出的貢獻(xiàn)——瘧疾是人類歷史上最致命的疾病之一。得益于她發(fā)現(xiàn)的青蒿素，如今全世界瘧疾患者的存活率大大提高。

當(dāng)先行詞含有first,next,last或者形容詞最高級這樣的詞語時，常用不定式作定語，這時充當(dāng)定語的不定式通常不含有將來意義或情態(tài)意義，而含有過去時意義HewasthefirstmantoflyacrosstheAtlantic.他是第一個飛越大西洋的人。Theywerethelastgueststoarrive.他們是最后到達(dá)的客人。

thanksto得益于；歸功于；多虧

chance

/t?ɑ?ns/（尤指希望發(fā)生的事的）可能性;機會；機遇；時機

Bornin1930,inNingbo,ZhejiangProvince,TustudiedmedicineatuniversityinBeijingbetween1951and1955.Aftergraduation,sheworkedattheAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicine.△ShecompletedfurthertrainingcoursesintraditionalChinesemedicine,acquiringabroadknowledgeofbothtraditionalChinesemedicineandWesternmedicine.gradu·ation

/?ɡr?d?u?e??n/（大學(xué)或美國高中的）畢業(yè)acad·emy/??k?d?mi/研究院，學(xué)會;?？圃盒ur·ther

/?f??e?(r)/adj.更多的；更進一步的；附加的

Tu’seducationwassoontoproveveryuseful(過渡句).Inthe1960s,manypeopleweredyingofmalaria,andin1969Tubecameheadofateamthatintendedtofindacureforthedisease.Shecollectedover2,000traditionalChinesemedicalrecipesformalariatreatmentandmadehundredsofextractsfromdifferentherbs.Whentheyfailedtoproduceanypromisingresults,TureferredtotheancientbooksoftraditionalChinesemedicineagain.head負(fù)責(zé)人；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人results成功實現(xiàn)的事；成果；成效promising/?pr?m?s??/有望成功的;前景很好的△Inspiredbyanover1,600-year-oldtextaboutpreparingqinghaoextractwithcoldwater,Turedesignedtheexperimentsandtriedextractingtheherbatalowtemperatureinordernottodamageitseffectivepart.On4October1971,after190failures,shesucceededinmakingqinghaoextractthatcouldtreatmalariainmice.in·spire/?n?spa??(r)/啟發(fā)思考;賦…以靈感;給…以啟示;pre·paresth(fromsth)調(diào)制，配制（藥品等）re·design/?ri?d??za?n/重新設(shè)計part成員；成分succeed(indoingsth)達(dá)到目的；實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)；辦到；做成

However,itwashardtoproduceenoughqinghaoextractforlargetrialsbecauseresearchresourceswerelimited(過渡句).Tuandherteammanagedtofindsolutionstotheproblem.Whentherewasnoresearchequipment,theyhadtoextractherbsusinghouseholdwatercontainers.Theyworkeddayandnightandtheirhealthbegantosufferbecauseofthepoorconditions,buttheynevergaveup.so·lu·tion(tosth)/s??lu??n/解決辦法；處理手段suf·fer

/?s?f?(r)/變差；變糟;受苦，受難，受折磨

△Evenwithlargeamountsofqinghaoextractproduced,however,theystillfacedanotherproblem(過渡句).Thetrialsonpatientswerelikelytobepostponedbecausetheydidnothavesufficientsafetydata.Tospeeduptheprocessandensureitssafety,Tuandherteamvolunteeredtotestqinghaoextractonthemselvesfirst.volunteer

todosth.主動要求做;自愿做；義務(wù)做；無償做teststh(onsth/forsth)/sthout試驗；檢驗；測試

TheeffortsofTuandherteamfinallypaidoff.InNovember1972,throughtrialanderror,theysuccessfullydiscoveredqinghaosu—themosteffectivepartoftheqinghaoextract.Asakeypartofmanymalariamedicines,qinghaosuhassincebenefitedabout200millionmalariapatients.successfully/s?k?sesf?li/成功地；順利地key

/ki?/最重要的；主要的；關(guān)鍵的since自那時起;此后；后來Morethan40yearsafteritsdiscovery,TuwaseventuallyawardedaNobelPrizeforherwork.InherNobelLecture,sheencouragedscientiststofurtherexplorethetreasurehouseoftraditionalChinesemedicineandraiseittoahigherlevel.△Perhapsthenextgenerationofscientists,drawingonthewisdomoftraditionalChinesemedicine,willindeeddiscovermoremedicinesbeneficialtoglobalhealthcare.treasurehouse寶庫；寶地raiseittoahigherlevel讓其更上一層樓drawon/uponsth憑借；利用；動用healthcare醫(yī)療保健;醫(yī)療（服務(wù)）A.UnderstandingthetextPage46A1.Readthenewsreportandcompletethechartbelowwiththemainideaofeachpart.Para.1:TuYouyouwonaNobelPrizein2015forherdiscoveryofqinghaosu.Para.2:

TuYouyouacquiredabroadknowledgeofbothtraditionalChinesemedicineandWesternmedicine.Paras.3–5:Para.6:A2.Readthenewsreportagaincarefullyandfillinthetablebelow.

TuYouyouandherteamsolvedalotofproblemsbeforetheysuccessfullydiscoveredqinghaosu.

TuYouyouandherteam’seffortsfinallypaidoff.Problem1:Theextractsfailedtoproduceanypromisingresults.Solution1:

TuYouyoureferredtotheancientbooksoftraditionalChinesemedicineagain,redesignedtheexperimentsandtriedextractingtheqinghaoherbatalowtemperatureinordernottodamageitseffectivepart.Problem2:Tuandherteamcouldnotproduceenoughqinghaoextractbecauseresearchresourceswerelimited.Solution2:

TuYouyouandherteammanagedtofindsolutionstotheproblem,e.g.usinghouseholdwatercontainersinsteadofresearchequipment.Problem3:Tuandherteamdidnothavesufficientsafetydatatostarttrialsonpatients.Solution3:

TuYouyouandherteamvolunteeredtotesttheqinghaoextractonthemselves.A3.Inpairs,discussthefollowingquestions.1)WhatqualitiesdidTuYouyoushowasascientist?Usedetailsfromthenewsreporttosupportyourideas.

Sheiswell-educated.ShehasabroadknowledgeofbothtraditionalChinesemedicineandWesternmedicine,whichhasprovedusefulinherresearch.Sheisadeterminedperson.Sheandherteamdidn’tgiveupevenafter190failures.Theyworkeddayandnightandtheirhealthbegantosuffer.Sheispreparedtomakebigsacrificesforscience.Whentherewasinsufficientdatafortrials,Tuandherteamvolunteeredtotesttheqinghaoextractonthemselves.well-educated/wel?ed?uke?t?d/受過良好教育的de·ter·mined

/d??t??m?nd/堅定的；堅決的；果斷的bepreparedtodosth愿意sac·ri·fice

/?s?kr?fa?s/犧牲；舍棄

2)TuYouyouisthefirstChinesefemalescientisttowinaNobelPrize.Inyouropinion,whatisthesignificanceofthisachievement?ThishasshowntheimportanceoftraditionalChinesemedicine.Qinghaosu,asthekeysubstanceinmanymalariamedicines,hassavedcountlesslives.TuYouyou’sachievementhasearnedinternationalrecognitionoftraditionalChinesemedicine.Asafemalescientist,Tuhasalsoinspiredyoungfemalescientiststoworkhardertoachievetheirdreams.sub·stance

/?s?bst?ns/物質(zhì)；物品；東西count·less/?ka?ntl?s/無數(shù)的；數(shù)不勝數(shù)的；數(shù)不盡的rec·og·ni·tion

/?rek?ɡ?n??n/承認(rèn)；認(rèn)可B.BuildingyourlanguagePage47B1.ThepassagebelowisabouttraditionalChinesemedicineandWesternmedicine.Completethepassagewiththecorrectformsofthewordsandphrasesintheboxbelow.broadsufficientintendpayofflimitedexperimentwisdomrefertoInherNobelLecture,TuYouyou(1)

__________thestrengthsofbothtraditionalChinesemedicineandWesternmedicine,andpointedoutthatthereisgreatpotentialforfutureadvancesifscientistsmakegooduseofthesestrengths.Theireffortstoconductresearchinbothfieldsmayfinally(2)

_______.strength/stre?θ/優(yōu)勢；優(yōu)點；長處pointout指出;指明potentialfor(doing)sth可能性；潛在性advance(insth)進步；進展referredtopayoffA

goodexampletoillustratethispointisthediscoveryofqinghaosuin1972,whichwas(3)

_________asaneffectivetreatmentformalaria.TheChineseherbqinghao,fromwhichqinghaosucomes,hasbeenusedtocurediseasesforalmost2,000years.△However,itwasnotuntilthe1970sthatTusucceededindiscoveringqinghaosu,aftermanyfailed(4)

___________.point

/p??nt/論點；觀點；見解intendedforsb/sth/assth/tobe/dosth為…打算（或設(shè)計）的comeof/fromsth是…的結(jié)果intendedexperimentsBythen,thefightagainstmalariahadachievedonly(5)

_______success.Sincethediscoveryofqinghaosu,thesurvivalrateofmalariapatientshasincreasedbyaround30%.

△Withouther(6)

______knowledgeofbothtraditionalChinesemedicineandWesternmedicine,Tumightneverhavediscoveredqinghaosu.Itisimportantthatscientistsdrawonthe(7)

________ofbothfields.With(8)

_________research,manymoremedicaldiscoverieslikeqinghaosuarelikelytobemade.

fightagainststh.抗擊，抗?fàn)?，斗爭drawon/uponsth憑借；利用；動用limitedbroadwisdomsufficientB2.Thenewsreportusessomeabstractnouns.Notethefollowingsuffixesandthinkofmorewordsformedwiththem.Thenfillinthetablebelowwithasmanywordsasyoucan.ab·stract/??bstr?kt/抽象的（與個別情況相對）；純理論的suf·fix

/?s?f?ks/后綴wisdom,freedomeffectiveness,usefulness,kindness,loneliness,happinesssurvival,arrival,approval,proposal,refusal,removalappearance,acceptance,performance,assistancefailure,pleasure,exp