高考總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)二輪用書英語(新高考)專題3 NO.2　易錯(cuò)防范•明辨“陷阱”不丟分

高考總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2024專題三完形填空NO.2易錯(cuò)防范?明辨“陷阱”不丟分易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2目錄索引0102易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)303易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)404易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1因慣性思維而錯(cuò)選在英語學(xué)習(xí)中,由于種種原因,如考生的母語、知識面、思維習(xí)慣等都有可能令考生出現(xiàn)一些思維定式現(xiàn)象,即不善于思考,考慮問題也不全面,導(dǎo)致誤解一些題目,從而抑制思維能力的發(fā)展。完形填空解題中考生常因慣性思維而失分。[典例](2020新高考全國Ⅰ卷節(jié)選)

31

young

plants

in

the

dry

season

was

32.tough

for

a

lone

boy.Molai

built

at

the

33.top

of

each

sapling

(幼樹)

a

bamboo

platform,where

he

placed

earthen

pots

with

small

holes

to

34.collect

rainwater.The

water

would

then

drip

(滴落)

on

the

plants

below.

31.A.Decorating

B.ObservingC.Watering

D.Guarding

?分析

受思維習(xí)慣的影響,考生看到空后的young

plants就會想到去“保護(hù)”小樹,因此考生易誤選D項(xiàng)。但是,綜合下文我們可以得知,本段主要描述的是Molai如何給小樹澆水的過程。[自主解答]

C易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2因不明一詞多義或熟詞生義而錯(cuò)選在最近幾年的高考完形填空中,一詞多義或熟詞生義的考查屢見不鮮,這往往也是考生容易忽視的地方。很多考生由于不懂這些熟詞的“新義”而出現(xiàn)思維堵塞,造成了不應(yīng)有的失分。下面我們選取具有代表性的試題加以分析,以幫助考生熟悉其命題特點(diǎn),從而跳出命題人設(shè)置的詞匯“陷阱”。

[典例1](2022新高考全國Ⅰ卷)

I

was

43.worried

that

our

15-month-old

boy

would

fall

into

the

creek

(小溪).I

tied

a

rope

around

his

waist

to

keep

him

near

to

our

spot.That

lasted

about

ten

minutes.He

was

44.uncomfortable,and

his

crying

let

the

whole

campground

know

it.So

45.instead

of

tying

him

up,I

just

kept

a

close

eye

on

him.It

46

—

he

didn’t

end

up

in

the

creek.My

three-year-old,however,did.

46.A.worked

B.happened

C.mattered

D.changed

?分析

本題考查work的熟詞生義。work在本句中意為“奏效;產(chǎn)生預(yù)期的結(jié)果”。結(jié)合上下文可知,此處指的是作者的做法取得了預(yù)期的效果——15個(gè)月大的孩子確實(shí)沒有掉進(jìn)小溪里。[自主解答]

A[典例2](2022全國甲卷)

The

next

week

we

47

our

dogs

together.It

was

a

hot

day.When

we

paused

to

catch

our

48.breath,Steve

got

down

on

one

knee.Was

he

proposing

(求婚)?I

liked

him

too,but

so

49.soon?He

poured

water

from

a

bottle

into

his

hand

and

offered

it

to

my

dogs.50.In

that

moment,I

began

to

fall

for

him.

47.A.tied

B.walked

C.bathed

D.fed

?分析

此題考查walk的熟詞生義。walk此處意為“牽著(動物)走;遛”,又由上下文提供的語境并結(jié)合常識可知,作者和史蒂夫在一起遛狗。[自主解答]

B易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3因詞匯理解障礙而錯(cuò)選在完形填空題的設(shè)題上,命題者還往往將一些考生平常容易忽視的詞匯或不常用的生僻詞匯設(shè)置成選項(xiàng),從而造成考生錯(cuò)選。對于這些詞匯,考生在平時(shí)應(yīng)注意積累、識記。[典例](2022全國乙卷節(jié)選)

For

a

long

time,this

ineffective

hiding

method

was

44

as

evidence

that

children

are

hopelessly

“egocentric”

(自我中心的)

creatures.But

our

45.surprising

research

results

in

child

developmental

psychology

46

that

idea.

44.A.supported

B.guaranteedC.imagined

D.interpreted46.A.explained

B.confirmedC.contradicted

D.tested

?分析

節(jié)選段的語意為:很長一段時(shí)間以來,這種無效的隱藏方法被解釋為兒童是完全的“以自我為中心的”生物的證據(jù)。

但我們在兒童發(fā)展心理學(xué)方面的令人驚訝的研究結(jié)果反駁了這一觀點(diǎn)。結(jié)合語境和選項(xiàng)可知,以上兩個(gè)小題的正確答案分別是interpreted和contradicted。如果考生未能掌握這兩個(gè)相對生僻的考綱詞匯,準(zhǔn)確作答的難度可能較大。所以考生在平時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)注意加強(qiáng)詞匯積累,并在練習(xí)和考試中不斷提高有效利用上下文中的提示信息的能力。[自主解答]44.

46.

DC易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)4因缺乏全篇關(guān)聯(lián)思維而錯(cuò)選語篇層次題的解題信息不局限于某一句或某一句群,而是分散在某一段或幾段甚至全篇,這就要求學(xué)生理解整篇文章,抓住全文的脈絡(luò)、作者的思想、意圖或主人公的心理,然后進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的推理、判斷,從而做出正確的選擇。對于此類題目,一定要堅(jiān)持這樣一個(gè)原則——不急于解答,讀完全文后綜合考慮再做判定。[典例](2022浙江1月卷)When

Beverley

Burdeyney

turned

seventy-four

last

year,she

started

having

problems

with

her

36

,notably

dryness

and

discomfort.

...Eventually,Ms.Burdeyney

learned

about

plans

for

an

eye

research

43.program

at

Tel

Aviv

University

in

Israel.The

research

team

44.included

Canadian

doctor

Allan

Slomovic,who

has

done

45.ground-breaking

work

on

eye

care

using

stem

cells.36.A.throat

B.skinC.lungs

D.eyes

?分析

本題是典型的語篇層次題,只看題目所在的句子我們是無法確定答案的,此類題目需要綜合全篇來找線索。根據(jù)下文的“Eventually,Ms.Burdeyney

learned

about

plans

for

an

eye

research”可知,此處表示Burdeyney女士的眼睛開始出現(xiàn)問題了。[自主解答]

D課堂應(yīng)用A(2021新高考全國Ⅱ卷)Overthepast38years,Mr.Wanghaspretendedtobesomeoneelsemanytimes,andhasevenlearnedto

1

differentdialects(方言),leadingtohimbeingdescribedasan“Oscar-winningactor”.

The60-year-oldisnotanactor,buta

2

.However,heismoredevotedtohis“

3

”thananyrealactor.

Inthe1990s,agroupofthievesoftensoldstolengoodswiththehelpofsomebeggars.Tolookintothe

4

,Wangdisguised(偽裝)himselfand

5

thebeggars.Dirtyshortsandoldshoesgavehimthe

6

ofarealbeggarandhisconvincingdialectsoonwonhimthe

7

ofthebeggars.

“Ioften

8

themtodrinkalcohol.Oncetheywere

9

,theybegantotalkalot,”Wangsaid.“I’dthen

10

myselftousethetoilet,

11

whatthebeggarssaid,andsendthe

12

tomyteammates.”

Wang,whoisoftenin

13

situations,isalsoajudo(柔道)master.“AslongasIgetcloseenough,nocriminalcan

14

fromme,”hesaid.

Wang’s

15

wonhimseveralhonors,includingaNationalMayDayLaborMedaland11CitationsofMerit.

1.A.teach

B.compareC.assess D.speak2.A.lawyer B.doctorC.policeman D.businessman3.A.role B.studyC.family D.audience4.A.mirror B.caseC.future

D.question5.A.interviewed B.joinedC.arrested D.assisted6.A.challenge B.experienceC.appearance D.freedom7.A.vote B.sympathyC.permission D.trust8.A.invited B.forcedC.helped D.expected9.A.drunk B.desertedC.bored D.lost10.A.guide B.persuadeC.excuse D.allow11.A.referto B.notedownC.askabout D.missout12.A.plan B.agreementC.direction D.information13.A.awkward B.dangerousC.unfortunate D.strange14.A.separate B.recoverC.escape D.hear15.A.courage B.honestyC.kindness D.optimism[語篇解讀]本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了王警官偽裝成乞丐做臥底抓捕竊賊的故事。為了破案,他學(xué)習(xí)了多種方言,衣著破舊,贏得了乞巧的信任,最后成功抓捕竊賊,贏得了多項(xiàng)榮譽(yù)。1.D

解析

根據(jù)該句中的“pretended

to

be

someone

else”和“different

dialects”可知,此處是講王先生學(xué)習(xí)講不同的方言,speak“會講(某種語言);會說”,故D項(xiàng)正確。2.C

解析

根據(jù)第三段第二句中的“Wang

disguised

himself”可知,王先生偽裝成乞丐,打入偷竊團(tuán)伙內(nèi)部,由此可推知,他是一名警察。3.A

解析

根據(jù)該句中的“than

any

real

actor”,結(jié)合下文他偽裝成乞丐抓小偷的描述可知,他比任何專業(yè)演員都更專注自己的角色。role“角色”;

study“書房”;family“家庭”;audience“觀眾”,故A項(xiàng)正確。4.B

解析

根據(jù)上句可知,小偷團(tuán)伙在一些乞丐的幫助下銷售偷來的東西;據(jù)此可知,該處是說,為了調(diào)查這起案件,他偽裝成乞丐。case“案情,調(diào)查的案件”,故B項(xiàng)正確。5.B

解析

根據(jù)該句中的“disguised

himself”可知,他偽裝成乞丐,加入了他們。interview“面試”;join“加入,參加”;arrest“逮捕”;assist“幫助”。故B項(xiàng)正確。6.C

解析

根據(jù)該句中的“Dirty

shorts

and

old

shoes”并結(jié)合常識可知,臟衣服和破鞋子是常見的乞丐的外表。appearance“外表;外貌;外觀”,故C項(xiàng)正確。7.D

解析

根據(jù)該句中的“his

convincing

dialect

soon

won

him”可知,他令人信服的方言很快贏得了乞丐們的信任。trust“信任”。故D項(xiàng)正確。8.A

解析

根據(jù)該句中的“to

drink

alcohol”可知,他經(jīng)常邀請乞丐們?nèi)ズ染?。invite“邀請”;force“強(qiáng)迫”;help“幫助”;expect“期待”,故A項(xiàng)正確。9.A

解析

根據(jù)該句中的“they

began

to

talk

a

lot”并結(jié)合常識可知,一旦喝醉,他們就會說很多話。drunk“醉的;喝醉的”,故A項(xiàng)正確。10.C

解析

根據(jù)該句中的“use

the

toilet”并結(jié)合語境可知,他以上廁所為借口,記下了他們說的話。excuse“為……辯解(或找理由)”,故C項(xiàng)正確。11.B

解析

參見上題解析。refer

to“參考”;note

down“記下”;ask

about“詢問”;miss

out“錯(cuò)過”,故選B項(xiàng)。12.D

解析

根據(jù)該句中的“to

my

teammates”并結(jié)合常識可知,他將記下的信息發(fā)送給他的隊(duì)友。plan“計(jì)劃”;agreement“協(xié)議”;direction“方向”;

information“信息”,故D項(xiàng)正確。13.B

解析

根據(jù)前文內(nèi)容可知,他偽裝成乞丐,加入犯罪團(tuán)伙中做臥底;再結(jié)合常識可知,他常處于危險(xiǎn)的環(huán)境中。dangerous“有危險(xiǎn)的”,故B項(xiàng)正確。14.C

解析

根據(jù)該句中的“As

long

as

I

get

close

enough,no

criminal

can”可知,只要他離罪犯足夠近,他們就難以逃脫,escape

from“從……逃脫”。故C項(xiàng)正確。15.A

解析

根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知,王警官為抓捕竊賊,偽裝成乞丐做臥底。據(jù)此可知,他的勇氣為他贏得了諸多榮譽(yù)。courage“勇氣”;honesty“誠實(shí)”;

kindness“友善”;optimism“樂觀”,故A項(xiàng)正確。B(2020新高考全國Ⅰ卷)MolaigrewupinatinyvillageinIndia.Thevillagelaynearsomewetlandswhichbecamehissecond

1

.Helearnedthevalueandbeautyof

2

therefromaveryyoungage.

Whenhewas16,Molaibegantonoticesomething

3

happeningaroundhishome.Afloodhadhittheareaearlierthatyearandthe

4

itcausedhaddrivenawayanumberofbirds.

5

,thenumberofsnakeshaddeclinedaswell.He

6

thatitwasbecausethereweren’tenoughtreestoprotectthemfromthe

7

.Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttreessotheanimalscouldseek

8

duringthedaytime.Heturnedtothe

9

departmentforhelpbutwastoldthatnothingwouldgrowthere.However,

Molaiwentlookingonhisownand

10

anearbyislandwherehebegantoplanttrees.

11

youngplantsinthedryseasonwas

12

foraloneboy.Molaibuiltatthe

13

ofeachsapling(幼樹)abambooplatform,whereheplacedearthenpotswithsmallholesto

14

rainwater.Thewaterwouldthendrip(滴落)ontheplantsbelow.

Molai

15

toplanttreesforthenext37years.Hiseffortshaveresultedin1,360acresofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehometomanyplantsandanimals.

1.A.dream B.jobC.home D.choice2.A.nature B.youthC.culture D.knowledge3.A.precious B.interestingC.disturbing D.awkward4.A.waste B.tensionC.pain D.damage5.A.Besides B.HoweverC.Therefore D.Otherwise6.A.agreed B.realizedC.remembered D.predicted7.A.noise B.heatC.disease D.dust8.A.directions B.partnersC.help D.shelter9.A.labor B.policeC.forest D.finance10.A.rebuilt B.discoveredC.left D.managed11.A.Decorating B.ObservingC.Watering D.Guarding12.A.tough B.illegalC.fantastic D.beneficial13.A.back B.topC.foot D.side14.A.cooldown B.keepoffC.purify D.collect15.A.returned B.learnedC.failed D.continued[語篇解讀]本文是一篇記敘文。在印度的一個(gè)小村莊里有一個(gè)男子幾十年如一日地在村莊周邊的荒島上植樹造林,最后把荒島變成了多種動植物的家園。1.C

解析

Molai在印度一個(gè)小村落長大,小村落位于濕地附近,于是這些濕地就成了他的第二個(gè)家(home)。第二段的

“...happening

around

his

home”

也是個(gè)提示。dream

“夢想”;job

“工作”;home

“家;故鄉(xiāng)”;choice

“選擇”。故選C項(xiàng)。2.A

解析

他從很小就懂得自然(nature)的價(jià)值和美麗。nature

“自然”;

youth

“青春”;culture

“文化”;knowledge

“知識”。3.C

解析

16歲時(shí),Molai開始意識到他家周圍發(fā)生的令人不安的(disturbing)事情。precious

“珍貴的”;interesting

“有趣的”;disturbing

“令人不安的”;awkward

“尷尬的”。4.D

解析

那年年初,一場洪水突襲了這一區(qū)域,洪水帶來的危害(damage)趕走了大量的鳥類。5.A

解析

根據(jù)as

well