14選擇性必修四Unit4語法語法復(fù)習(xí)短語

14選擇性必修四Unit4語法：語法精講精練復(fù)習(xí)短語一、語法圖解I.短語的概念英語中的短語是有一定意義但不構(gòu)成獨立從句或句子的一組詞。II.短語的功能英語短語的句法功能通常與對應(yīng)的單詞的句法功能類似，比如，名詞短語與名詞的功能相似，在句子中主要作主語、賓語等；介詞短語主要是作定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語等。III.短語的分類從形式結(jié)構(gòu)角度劃分，英語中的短語可分為名詞短語、形容詞短語、副詞短語、介詞短語、動詞短語等。1.名詞短語(NP)構(gòu)成：(限定詞)＋(形容詞、形容詞短語、描述性名詞)＋名詞＋(介詞短語)。名詞短語在句中當(dāng)作名詞用，一般用作主語、賓語、表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語。Thethreegirlsatthedeskaremyclosefriends.在桌子旁邊的那三個女孩是我的好朋友。(作主語)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Seeingtheirdowncasteyes,hetoldthemtocleanupthekitchenwhilehehelpedthemmakebreakfastfortheirmother.看到他們垂頭喪氣的眼睛，他告訴他們打掃廚房，同時幫他們?yōu)樗麄兊膵寢屪鲈绮汀?作賓語)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)AsfarasIamconcerned,itisexactlyasilentfriend,leadingusintotheouterworld.在我看來，它的確是一位無聲的朋友，引領(lǐng)我們進(jìn)入外部世界。(作表語)【名師點津】名詞短語中的限定詞在名詞短語的構(gòu)成中，限定詞包括冠詞(a/an/the)、指示代詞(this,that,these,those等)、物主代詞(my,your,his,her,our,their等)和不定代詞(some,no,neither,both等)。2.形容詞短語(AdjP)構(gòu)成：(副詞)＋形容詞＋(介詞短語)。形容詞短語在句中當(dāng)作形容詞用，可以修飾名詞或代詞，還可以用作表語或者賓語補(bǔ)足語。Ihavefoundyoucharmingandintelligent.我發(fā)現(xiàn)你很有魅力，很聰明。(作賓語補(bǔ)足語)AtraditionalChinesepaintingshowisalwaysattractive.國畫展總是很有吸引力。(作表語)3.副詞短語(AdvP)構(gòu)成：(副詞)＋副詞。副詞短語在句中當(dāng)作副詞用，可以修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞。Heissohumorous,responsibleandselflessthatIrespectandlovehimverymuch.他如此幽默、負(fù)責(zé)任、無私，以至于我非常尊重并喜歡他。Equallyimportantly,weshoulddevelopagoodhabitofliving.同樣重要的是，我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成一種良好的生活習(xí)慣。4.介詞短語(PrepP)構(gòu)成：介詞＋賓語。能充當(dāng)介詞后賓語的主要有：名詞、代詞賓格、動詞-ing形式等。介詞短語在句中作表語、定語或狀語。Theworld’spopulationislikelytopeakat9.7billionin2064.世界人口可能會在2064年達(dá)到97億的峰值。(作狀語)Thankstohiseffortsinepidemicpreventionandcontrol,ourneighbourhoodhasbeeninagoodstate.多虧了他在疫情防控方面所做的努力，我們社區(qū)狀況良好。(作表語)5.動詞短語(VP)(1)動詞＋副詞Pleaseturnoffeverylightinthehouse.請把房子里的每一盞燈都關(guān)掉。(及物)Harryturnedupafterthepartywheneveryonehadleft.晚會后，大家都已經(jīng)走了，哈里出現(xiàn)了。(不及物)Icancallyoubacklater.我稍后再打給你?！久麕燑c津】由動詞加副詞構(gòu)成的動詞短語，其后可以加賓語。當(dāng)賓語為代詞時，必須把賓語放在動詞與副詞之間。(2)動詞＋介詞(及物)Thistrafficproblemledtothedevelopmentoftheundergroundsystem.這個交通問題導(dǎo)致了地下交通系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展。WhenLondonwasbombed,manyundergroundstationsfunctionedasbombshelters.倫敦被轟炸時，許多地鐵站用作了防空洞。Takingenoughexercisecontributestogoodhealth.進(jìn)行足夠的鍛煉有助于身體健康。(3)動詞＋副詞＋介詞Wecouldsplitupintogroups,andeatdifferenttimes.我們可以分成小組，在不同的時間來。Ilookforwardtoseeingyousoon.我期望不久就能見到你。(4)動詞＋名詞＋介詞Theofficerrefusedtolethismentakepartintheoperation.這名軍官拒絕讓他的士兵參加這項軍事行動。I’mnotworriedabouther—shecantakecareofherself.我不為她擔(dān)心，她能照顧自己。Everyoneshouldpayattentiontoexercise.每個人都要注意鍛煉身體?！炯磳W(xué)即練】寫出下列句中加黑短語的屬性①I’mamemberofourbasketballclub.NP②Itakeexerciseeverydaytokeephealthy.VP③LiHuaspeaksEnglishquitefluentlyashehaslivedinEnglandformanyyears.AdvP④Theweatherthereiswetandwarm.AdjP⑤TheracingroutebeganatourschoolgateandendedatthefootoftheSouthHill.PrepP二、單句語法填空：1.Thepaintingsarecalled“NewYearpaintings”becausetheyaremostlypostedduringtheChineseNewYearholiday__________decorationandtheyarealsoasymbolofNewYear’sgreetings.2.Onepossiblesolution__________theproblem,however,hasrecentlybeensuggestedbyanAmericanscientist,ProfessorCarlSagan.3.Theoutercityconnectionwiththisareawascut__________.4.Onlystudents__________morethan30percentbodyfatorabodymassindex(指數(shù))over28cansignupforthecourse.5.Asweallknow,Hangzhou,abeautifulcity,wonthebid__________September16th,2015.6.Thereisnodenyingthattheprovinceis__________greatsignificancetothetourismdevelopmentinChina.7.Afterawhilethelittleboycameout__________thewatchinhishand!8.Accordingtotheresearchers,theresultsarequiteimportant__________improvingpeople’shealthworldwide.9.__________thesedifficulties,theymanagedtoworkout24SolarTermsbystudyingthesun’smovementandalsopayingattentiontoothernaturalchangessuchasairtemperature,waterandcropgrowth.10.Itmakessensetoprovidechildrenwithsomethingageappropriatetoreadinstead__________magazinesonlyavailableforadultcustomers.11.Wecelebrate“DragonBoatFestival”torememberQuYuan’sdevotion__________thecountry.12.A2016metaanalysisofhundredsofstudiesconcludedthattranscranialdirectcurrentstimulation(tDCS,經(jīng)顱直流電刺激)is“possiblyorprobablyeffective”__________atreatmentfordepression.13.Inbothactingandtechnicalterms,thefilmissimilartoaHollywoodblockbuster,__________(include)gunfights,carchasesandanunderwaterfight.14.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,rangingfrombutterflies__________elephants.15.Theweatherforecastsaysitisgoingtosnownextweek.Itseemsthattheweatheris__________(like)toimproveoverthenextfewdays.16.Inthe___________(follow)years,therewerefewerdropoutsandmorecollegegraduatesinmyvillage,ofwhichIamproudeventoday.17.Cindyfelt__________(lone)inhernewschool,soshejoinedsomeclubstomakenewfriends.18.Peopleusetoomanyplasticbagsandthrowthemaway,itis___________(harm)toourenvironment.19.Usually,ittakesaboutoneortwoyearstobuildahouseinthe___________(tradition)way.20.Soweshouldbemore__________(care)whenbuyingthingsadvertisedbystars.21.Developing

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whichcall

__________aclearroadmapandtimetable.22.Maryisreallygoodattakingnotesinclass.Shecanput__________almosteverywordherteachersays.23.Withthewaterinthelake___________(run)out,farmershavetodigwellstosupplytheirfarmlandwithwater.24.Whydidn’tMr.Whitearriveontimeforthemeeting?Hemust___________(hold)uponhiswayhereinthetrafficjam.25.Iwonfirstprizeinthecontest.Congratulations!That___________(call)foracelebration.26.WeofferedtogiveSharonaridehome,butshedeclined,___________(say)thatshefeltlikewalking.27.Kateheardaman’svoiceinthebackground,butshecouldn’tmake___________whathewassaying.28.Heasksyouquestionsandactuallyrememberstheanswers,sothenexttimeyouridewithhim,he’llcheck___________thosethings.29.Scientistsaretryingtofindoutwhatadvantageshould___________(take)ofthenaturalresourcesinthisarea.30.Themotherdidn’tknowwhowas__________(blame)forthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.31.Aftertheshow,everyonestoodupandbegan__________(clap)loudlyfortheirwonderfulperformance.32.Ourschooloffersgoodequipmentandyouwillbewell(equip)withknowledgeandskillsforyourfuturejob.33.Therewasafeelingof(depress)intheofficewhenthebadnewswasannounced.34.Tomy(amaze),thenewsmadethewholeclasssurprisedandtheirteacherswerealsoamazed.35.In(real),therealpartofhisstorywasthatJimreallyhelpedustorealizeourdreamoftravellingabroad.36.For(instant),manypanieshavelongusedinstantmessagingontheirWebsitestoallowshopperstochatwithcustomerservicerepresentatives.37.Sheisverypatientwithherstudentsbecausesheknowsthatteachingcallsfor(patient)anddevotion.38.Alltheapplicantscanapplyinpersonorbyletterandatthesametimeshouldhandintheir___________(apply)beforeMay6th.39.Therearevariousgoodsinthenewsupermarket,withtheprices(vary)fromcentstodollars.40.Itishightimethatweshouldtake(measure)toprotectendangeredanimals.41.Hearguedagainstsmoking,andinsistedthatitwasbeyond(argue)thatsmokingdidharmtowellbeing.42.Luckilythedisabledgirlwaspickedoutfromhundredsof(apply)forthevoluntaryjob.43.Agreatpoemisafountainforeveroverflowingwiththewatersof(wise)anddelight.44.Childrenwillaskallkindsofquestions.Tomeettheir(curious),we’dbetteranswerthem.45.Withthe(develop)oftheInternet,lessmunicationwillbedonebyregularmail.46.Imadean(apologise)tohimformymisunderstandingofhiskindness.47.Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears___________(long)thannonrunners.48.Sixteenyears___________(early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondringtocookameal.49.Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”________(high).50.Iwasgreatly___________(astonish)thatshehadturneddownhiskindoffer.【答案】1.for2.to3.off4.with5.on6.of7.with8.for9.Despite10.of11.to12.as13.including14.to15.unlikely16.following17.lonely18.harmful19.traditional20.careful21.for22.down23.running24.havebeenheld25.calls26.saying27.out28.on29.betaken30.toblame31.toclap32.equipped33.depression34.amazement35.reality36.instance37.patience38.applications39.varying40.measures41.argument42.applicants43.wisdom44.curiosity45.development46.apology47.longer48.earlier49.highly50.astonished三、高考真題回顧：1.(2023·全國卷I)Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferentlymoredumplingandlesssoup,andthewrappersarepressed___________handratherthanrolled.2.(2022·全國卷I)Giantpandasalsoserve___________anumbrellaspecies(物種),bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.3.(2022·全國卷I)Coveringanareaaboutthreetimes___________sizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.4.(2021·全國乙卷)Duetothegrowingpopularityofenvironmentallyrelatedandadventuretravel,varioustypes___________tripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.5.(2020·新高考全國卷II)Eachvolumeinthesetexplores___________widerangeofmaterial,explainsthebasicconceptsofmajorapplicationsofdigitalsystems,anddiscussestheinfluencestheyhaveoneverydaylife.6.(2019·全國III卷)Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack___________dogs,seventobeexact.7.(2019·全國浙江卷)Everybodywears___________samestyleofclothes.8.(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly,I’mfacetofacewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat___________topofherlungs.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400poundmaleappears.9.(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Iwassearching___________thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI’dbeenobserving.Noonehadseenthemforhours,andmycolleaguesandIwereworried.10.(2017·全國II)It(thefirstundergroundpassengerrailway)ranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand___________work.11.(2017·全國卷I)As___________result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.12.(全國Ⅱ)Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor___________while,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.【答案與解析】1.【解析】考查介詞。句意：在那里，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的制作方式不同——更多湯包，更少的湯，包子皮是用手壓的，而不是搟出來的。byhand“用手”是固定搭配，根據(jù)句意，故填by。2.【解析】考查介詞。句意：大熊貓還扮演著保護(hù)傘的角色，為中國西南和西北地區(qū)的許多動植物帶來保護(hù)。分析句子可知，此處考查固定短語serveas，意為“充當(dāng)”，故空處應(yīng)填介詞as。故填as。3.【解析】考查冠詞。句意：該公園占地面積約為黃石國家公園的三倍，將成為中國首批國家公園之一。分析句子可知，此處考查倍數(shù)表達(dá)法，即為：倍數(shù)+thesizeof+比較成份，因此此處應(yīng)填定冠詞the。故填the。4.【解析】考查介詞。varioustypesof...各種各樣的……。5.【解析】考查冠詞。句意：每一卷在一套探索廣泛的材料，解釋了數(shù)字系統(tǒng)的主要應(yīng)用的基本概念。awiderangeof...“廣泛的……”，固定短語。故用a。6.【解析】考查介詞。句意：我們首先受到一群狗叫聲的歡迎，準(zhǔn)確地說是七只?！癮packof”意為“一群”。故填of。7.【解析】考查冠詞。句意：每個人都穿相同風(fēng)格的衣服。same是形容詞，意思是“相同的”，常與the連用修飾名詞。故填the。8.【解析】考查冠詞。此處為固定短語atthetopof，此處表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。故填the。9.【解析】考查動詞短語搭配。searchfor是固定搭配，表示“尋找”，表示“我”在尋找“我”研究的三只西部低地的大猩猩。故填for。10.【解析】考查介詞短語搭配。traveltoandfromwork意為“上下班”。故填from。11.【解析】考查不定冠詞。asaresult意為“結(jié)果”，是固定搭配。故填a。12.【解析】考查不定冠詞。句意：讓你的身體和思想休息一會兒。固定表達(dá)forawhile一會兒。故填a。四、語篇語法填空：(1)Evenifmygrandfatherwasafarmer,Grandmawouldironhisworkclotheseveryday.1theyearspassed,Ibegantoquestionthispractice.WhydidGrandpa’sworkclothesneed2(iron)?OnedayIaskedGrandmaaboutit.Iwantedtoknowwhyshethought3necessarytodoso.Herreplywassimple.Shetoldmethathewasthemosthandsomemanintheworldandthathewasher4(good)friendandtheloveofherlife.5(late)thatday,IlookedcloselyatGrandpa.Hesuredidn’tlookallthathandsometome.He6(be)ashortthinman.Hishairwasthinontop,andhisfalseteethdidn’tlineuptoowellwhenhesmiled.Ireallydidn’tseehowanyonecouldconsiderthismanwasthemosthandsomeoneGodevermade.SoI7(ask)Grandmaaboutitagain.Sheburstinto8(laugh).“Youjustaren’tlookingattherighttime.Irememberwhenhehadrealteeth.HehasthemostbeautifulblueeyesIhaveeverseen.Hisentirefacelightsupwhenhesmilesandhisvoiceissocalmingandfull,allof9makesmewanthimtobemorebeautiful.Iironhisclotheseverydaybecauseforalltheseyears,hehasmademefeelbeautiful.He’saman10(worth)ofrespect.”【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者的祖父是一位農(nóng)民，但作者的祖母每天都會給他熨燙衣服，這引起了作者的好奇。祖母的解釋令作者深受感動，原來在祖母心中，祖父是如此完美。1.As考查連詞。此處應(yīng)用as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“隨著”；位于句首，首字母應(yīng)大寫。2.ironing/tobeironed考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非謂語動詞，作動詞need的賓語。衣服是被熨燙，物作主語，need后面可跟動名詞作賓語表被動含義，也可以用動詞不定式的被動形式。3.it考查it作形式賓語。本句中why引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，從句中it是形式賓語，necessary是賓語補(bǔ)足語，不定式是真正的賓語，即thinkit＋adj.＋todosth句式。4.best考查形容詞的最高級。根據(jù)本句中的“themosthandsome”可知，在祖母的眼中，祖父是最帥的，也是她最好的朋友，當(dāng)然也是一生摯愛。此處是并列關(guān)系，所以用形容詞的最高級。5.Later考查副詞的比較級。根據(jù)語境可知，就在那天的晚些時候，作者留意觀察了自己的祖父。later意為“較晚地”；位于句首，首字母應(yīng)大寫。6.was考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。作者在描述當(dāng)時祖父的樣子，說的是過去的事實，所以用一般過去時；主語是He,be動詞用was。7.asked考查動詞的時態(tài)。作者在講述過去的事實，所以用一般過去時。8.laughter考查名詞。祖母聽了作者的話之后，忍不住大笑起來。burstintolaughter意為“突然大笑起來”，為固定短語。9.which考查定語從句。本句含有一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞指的是主句的所有內(nèi)容，指物，且位于介詞之后，只能使用which。10.worthy考查形容詞。在祖母看來，祖父是值得尊敬的。worthyofrespect作后置定語，修飾aman。worthyofsth意為“值得……的”。(2)WhichisthemostsignificantclassicalChinesepainting?AccordingtoPaulDenlinger,who1(lay)overinChinamanytimeswhenyoung,itshouldbeQingmingShangheTuorAlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestival.This2(create)datesbacktotheNorthernSongDynasty.Thispaintingisimportant3severalreasons.First,upuntilthistime,almostallChinesepaintingswerelandscapes,4(contain)nooronlyafewimagesofpeople.Second,thisisthefirstscroll(卷軸)painting5(describe)bothChineseurbanandsuburbanlifeduringtheperiodinthecapital,Bianjing(nowKaifenginHenanProvince).Third,thepaintingis6(high)detailedandfeaturesshopsofallkindsanddifferenteconomicactivitiesinandoutofthecity.PeopleareabletoseetheChinesetechnologiesofthetime,whichhelpsthem7greatdealinunderstanding8theChineselived.TheBeijingPalaceMuseumkeepsthe9(origin)Songpaintingandoneofitsfamouscopies—theQingVersion—10(hold)intheNationalPalaceMuseuminTaipei.【解析】本文是一篇說明文。中國最重要的經(jīng)典畫作是什么？依在中國生活過多年的保羅·丹林格來看，那非《清明上河圖》莫屬。1.laid考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語whenyoung可知，此處描述的是發(fā)生在過去的動作，應(yīng)用一般過去時。lay的過去式和過去分詞都是laid。layover意為“(長途旅行期間)作短暫停留”。2.creation考查名詞和名詞的數(shù)。空處作句子的主語，故用名詞形式；creation表示“作品”時為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)This及dates可知，此處應(yīng)用單數(shù)。3.for考查介詞。for...reason意為“出于……的原因”，為固定短語。4.containing考查非謂語動詞。句中有謂語，且空前無連詞，故此處為非謂語；contain與句子主語之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。5.todescribe考查非謂語動詞。句中有謂語，且空前無連詞，故此處為非謂語；scrollpainting被序數(shù)詞修飾，故用動詞不定式作后置定語。6.highly考查副詞?？仗幾鳡钫Z修飾形容詞detailed，應(yīng)填副詞。high和highly都可作副詞，但high表示“在高處；向高處；高”，多指具體的高；而highly表示“非常；很；高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)地”，多指抽象意義上的高。結(jié)合語境可知，此處表示“這幅畫非常詳細(xì)”，故應(yīng)用highly。7.a考查冠詞。agreatdeal意為“大量；非?！保诖顺洚?dāng)狀語，修飾helps。8.how考查賓語從句。空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作understanding的賓語；根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“中國人是怎樣生活的”，從句中的lived在此是不及物動詞，故填how。9.original考查形容詞?？仗幾鞫ㄕZ修飾后面的名詞短語，故用形容詞original，意為“原來的；最早的”。10.isheld考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。此處描述現(xiàn)在的事實，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時；theQingVersion與hold之間是動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)；主語為theQingVersion，謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。(3)TraditionalChineseCultureShinesChinaisacountrywithahistoryofover5,000yearsandboastsarichanddiverseculture.IwanttosharemyviewsonsomeaspectsofChineseculture,includingitsphilosophy,archery(射箭術(shù))andpoetry.AswelookatChineseancientphilosophy,whatwillmostly1(discuss)?Well,ChinesecultureisgreatlyinfluencedbyConfucianism,TaoismandBuddhism.These2arementionedmostexpressourancestors’crystal(結(jié)晶)ofintelligence.Confucianismstressesthesignificanceofmoralvaluesandsocialharmony.Taoismadvocatesforasimpleandnaturalwayoflife,whileBuddhismteachespassion(憐憫)andthe3(pursue)ofinnerpeace.Thesethreephilosophies4(shape)theChinesewayofthinkingandlivingforcenturies.Asforarchery,theYuanDynastyisfamousforit.TheemperorsoftheYuanDynastywerenomadic(游牧)people.Theyusedarcherytofight,while5(make)themselvesfit.ArcheryisoneofthesixChinesearts,butitwasnotuntiltheYuanDynastythatarcherybecamemorepopular.Poetryismyfavoritewhichoffersauniqueinsight6theChineselanguage,cultureandhistory.Itsconciseness(簡潔),depthandrichimagerycontinueto,captivate(使著迷)readersaroundtheworld,making7acrucialponentofChina’sliteraryheritage.ByexploringChinesepoetry,wecangaina8(deep)appreciationforthebeautyandplexnatureofthisancientartformaswellasitsenduringlegacy.9(doubt),traditionalChinesecultureisthetreasureofChinesecivilization.WeteenagersshouldalwaystakeapositiveattitudetowardChineseconventionalculture10trytofindthesignificanceoftraditionalcultureinthenewera.【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，作者主要介紹了中國傳統(tǒng)文化的幾個方面，包括哲學(xué)、射箭術(shù)和詩歌。1.考查語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：當(dāng)我們看中國古代哲學(xué)時，主要討論的是什么?

discuss(討論)是句中謂語動詞，與主語what之間是被動關(guān)系，結(jié)合句意和助動詞will，應(yīng)使用bediscussed構(gòu)成一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。故填bediscussed。2.考查定語從句。句意：這些被提到最多的能表達(dá)我們祖先的智慧結(jié)晶?？崭裉巻卧~引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞These，指代上文中“Confucianism,TaoismandBuddhism”，關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作主語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)該從句。故填which。3.考查名詞。句意：道教提倡簡單自然的生活方式，而佛教則教導(dǎo)慈悲和追求內(nèi)心的平靜。在冠詞the之后，用名詞pursuit作賓語，意為“追求”，不可數(shù)。故填pursuit。4.考查時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：幾個世紀(jì)以來，這三種哲學(xué)塑造了中國人的思維方式和生活方式。shape(塑造)是句中謂語動詞，與主語Thesethreephilosophies之間是主動關(guān)系，句中有時間狀語forcenturies，描述從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，又因主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以謂語動詞也應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。綜上，謂語應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時的主動語態(tài)，復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填haveshaped。5.考查非謂語動詞。句意：他們用射箭來戰(zhàn)斗，同時保持身體健康?！?make)themselvesfit”作伴隨狀語，make(使處于)是非謂語動詞，與其邏輯主語They之間是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動。故填making。6.考查介詞。句意：詩歌是我最喜歡的，它提供了對中國語言、文化和歷史的獨特見解。insightinto是固定搭配，意為“洞悉……；了解……”。故填into。7.考查代詞。句意：其簡潔、深刻和豐富的意象繼續(xù)吸引著世界各地的讀者，使其成為中國文學(xué)遺產(chǎn)的重要組成部分。指代上文中不可數(shù)名詞Poetry，用單數(shù)代詞it，作賓語。故填it。8.考查比較級。句意：通過探索中國詩歌，我們可以更深入地了解這一古老藝術(shù)形式的美麗和復(fù)雜的本質(zhì)，以及它持久的遺產(chǎn)。提示詞作定語，結(jié)合句意，表示“更深入的了解”，用形容詞比較deeper。故填deeper。9.考查副詞。句意：毫無疑問，中國傳統(tǒng)文化是中華文明的瑰寶。修飾整個句子，用副詞作狀語，結(jié)合句意，表示“毫無疑問”，用副詞undoubtedly；句首單詞首字母大寫。故填Undoubtedly。10.考查連詞。句意：我們青少年應(yīng)該始終以積極的態(tài)度對待中國傳統(tǒng)文化，并試圖找到傳統(tǒng)文化在新時代的意義。try和take是并列謂語動詞，用連詞and連接。故填and。(4)SeveralstudiesinrecentyearshavesuggestedthatridesharingserviceslikeUbercan1(worse)trafficproblemsincities,2continuetohavehighratesofprivatevehicleownership.Thenewstudy,3(conduct)bythenotforprofitgroupUnionofConcernedScientists,represents4attempttocenteronhowridesharingservicesaffectpollution.Theresearchexaminedtheeffectsofridesharingservices5theenvironmentofsevenAmericancities.Overall,theresearchersreportedthatridesharingtripsnowresultinanestimate69%moreclimatepollutiononaveragethanthe6(replace)trips.Thestudyexplainsthatthesamepassengerscouldhavechosentotravelbybus,train,bikeoronfoot.Oneofthebigreasonstheygiveforthisresultisthatusuallyridesharingvehicles7(drive)withnopassengersinthecar.Thishappens8driversareeitherwaitingforriderrequests,areonthewaytopickuppassengers,9aredrivinginbetweenpickups.ThestudyurgesserviceslikeUber10(work)toincreasethenumberofpooledridesandelectricvehiclesontheroad,andtoimproveconnectionstopublictransportationcenters.【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。近年來的幾項研究表明，像優(yōu)步這樣的拼車服務(wù)可能會加劇城市的交通問題。1.考查動詞。句意：近年來的幾項研究表明，像優(yōu)步這樣的拼車服務(wù)可能會加劇城市的交通問題，這些城市的私家車擁有率仍然很高。can后接動詞原形worsen。故填worsen。2.考查定語從句。句意：近年來的幾項研究表明，像優(yōu)步這樣的拼車服務(wù)可能會加劇城市的交通問題，這些城市的私家車擁有率仍然很高。先行詞為cities，作非限制性定語從句的主語，關(guān)系代詞為which。故填which。3.考查非謂語。句意：這項新研究是由非營利組織憂思科學(xué)家聯(lián)盟(UnionofConcernedScientists)進(jìn)行的，它試圖集中研究拼車服務(wù)如何影響污染?？仗帪榉侵^語動詞，Thenewstudy與conduct為被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞作定語。故填conducted。4.考查冠詞。句意：這項新研究是由非營利組織憂思科學(xué)家聯(lián)盟(UnionofConcernedScientists)進(jìn)行的，它試圖集中研究拼車服務(wù)如何影響污染。anattempttodosth“試圖做某事”。故填an。5.考查介詞。句意：該研究調(diào)查了拼車服務(wù)對美國七個城市環(huán)境的影響。effortson/upon“對……的影響”。故填on/upon。6.考查形容詞。句意：總的來說，研究人員報告說，拼車出行現(xiàn)在造成的氣候污染平均比被取代的出行多69%。表示“被取代的”，用形容詞replaced作定語。故填replaced。7.考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：他們給出這一結(jié)果的一個重要原因是，通常拼車車輛是在沒有乘客的情況下行駛的?？仗幵陉愂鍪聦崳瑸橐话悻F(xiàn)在時，主語ridesharingvehicles與謂語drive為被動關(guān)系，用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故填aredriven。8.考查狀語從句。句意：當(dāng)司機(jī)在等待乘客的請求時，在接送乘客的路上，或者在接送之間開車時，這種情況就會發(fā)生。根據(jù)句意可知，本句為when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)……時”用when。故填when。9.考查連詞。句意：當(dāng)司機(jī)在等待乘客的請求時，在接送乘客的路上，或者在接送之間開車時，這種情況就會發(fā)生。根據(jù)句意，表示“或者”用連詞or。故填or。10.考查不定式。句意：該研究敦促優(yōu)步等服務(wù)增加拼車和電動汽車的數(shù)量，并改善與公共交通中心的聯(lián)系。urgesbtodosth“敦促某人做某事”。故填towork。(5)Frompocketparkstoforestparks,Chinaisbringingnatureclosertourbanlife.From2021to2022,Shanghaihastransformed62woodlandsintoleisurespaces,1openupforestsf