高中英語語法分專題全面復習第十三講 主語從句和同位語從句講解與練習

主語從句定義：用作主語的從句叫主語從句，它是名詞性從句之一。主語從句的時態(tài)：不受主句的時態(tài)影響和限制。引導主語從句的連接詞有：從屬連詞:that,whether；連接副詞:when,where,how和why。連接代詞:who(whoever),whom,whose,what(whatever)和which(whichever)；連接詞：1.從屬連詞：that，whether1）that引導主語從句只起引導作用，在主語從句中不充當任何成分，that本身無實際意義，但不能省略。2）whether意為“是否”，放在句首句末皆可。由whether引導的名詞從句做主語，不可用if代替。a.Thatpricewillgoupiscertain.b.Whethertheywouldsupportuswasaproblem.他們是否會支持我們還是一個問題。2.連接代詞who，what，which,whatever,whichever,whoever(Who,whom,which,what可以和ever構(gòu)成合成詞，和what一樣引導從句，ever起到強調(diào)作用。此類主語從句不能用形式主語it引導，它們在句子中擔任成分，不能省略，語序為陳述語序，既有疑問含義,又起連接作用,同時在從句中充當各種成分。Whichsidewillwinisnotclear.Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.Whateverhedidisright.Whokilledthescientistremainsaquestion.1）What和that引導的主語從句的區(qū)別：that只起引導作用，不充當任何成分，沒有意思。What不僅起引導作用，還要充當一定成分(主語、賓語或表語)，意思是：“什么”。Whatweneedismoney.Thathewillcomeiscertain.2）whatever/whoever的用法（~ever=nomatter~---讓步狀語從句中）

whatever/whoever可以引導主語從句,并在句中作主語、賓語、表語等,不含疑問意義。whatever相當于anythingthat;whoever相當于anyonewho。例如:Whoever(Anyonewho)wantstoenterintothisschoolmusttaketheexam.Whatever(Anythingthat)shedidwasright.3.連接副詞when，where，how，why等。既有疑問含義,又起連接作用,同時在從句中充當各種成分。How

this

happened

is

not

clear

to

anyone.

Whenhewillbebackdependsontheweather.Whenwe’llstarttomorrowwillbetoldsoon.Wherethetestwillbegivenisnotyetdecided.4.主語從句后置：為了避免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語.例:Thatweshallbelateiscertain.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.用it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)A.

It+be+形容詞+that從(obvious,

true,

surprising,

good,

wonderful,

funny,

possible,

likely,

certain,

probable,

etc.)如：It

is

certain

that

she

will

do

well

in

her

exam.

B.

It+be+名詞詞組+that從句(an

honour,

a

fact,

a

pity,

etc）如：Itisapity/shamethat...遺憾的是……Itisasurprisethat…令人驚奇的是…Itisafactthat……是事實Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常識

It’s

a

pity

that

we

can’t

go.

C.

It+be+過去分詞+that從句(said,

reported,

thought,

expected,

decided,

announced,

etc。）如：It

is

said

that

Mr.

Green

has

arrived

in

Beijing.

D.

It+不及物動詞或短語+that從句(seem，happen,doesn’t

matter,turnout）。如：It

happened

that

I

was

out

that

day.

It

doesn’t

matter

whether

she

will

come

or

not.同位語從句

在復合句中充當同位語的名詞性從句稱為同位語從句。在使用同位語從句時，應注意以下幾個方面：一、同位語從句在句中的位置1.一般情況下同位語從句跟在某些名詞（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后面，用以說明該名詞所表達的具體內(nèi)容。例如：Thenewsthatourwomenvolleyballteamhadwonthechampionshipencouragedusallgreatly.I'vecomefromMrWangwithamessagethathewon'tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.二、同位語從句前名詞的數(shù)同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞（word除外）加以修飾。例如：WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome？Givemeyourpromisethatyouwillcometoourpartythisevening.WordcamethatChinalauncheditsfirstmannedspaceshiponOct15，2003.三、同位語從句連接詞的選用在英語中，引導同位語從句的詞通常有連詞（that，who，whether），連接副詞（how，when，where）等。例如：Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.Wehaven'tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.注：在名詞doubt“懷疑”后的同位語從句用whether連接；在nodoubt“不懷疑”之后的同位語從句用that連接。例如：Wehavesomedoubtwhethertheycancompletethetaskontime.ThereisnodoubtthatZhangWeiwillkeephispromise.練習1.hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever2.Itwashesaiddisappointedme.A.what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;what3.we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where4.hesaidatthemeetingsurprisedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter5.wastoreturntoschool.A.ThatreallyinterestedhimB.WhatreallyinterestedhimC.WhichreallyinterestedhimD.Thatinteresthimreally6.makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever7._______hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How8.________we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere9.Itworriedherabit______herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.ThatC.whatD.when10.WhatIsayandthink___noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave11.Does_______matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it12.Itworriedherabit_______herhairwasturninggrey.A.whichB.thatC.ifD.for13._______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It14._______whattheytoldmereallytrue?A.HasB.IsC.DoesD.Have15.Itmatterslittle_____amandies,but____mattersmuchis____helives.A.how;what;howB.how;it;howC.why;it;whyD.that;what;that16.____shecouldn'tunderstandwas____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that17.Itisprettywellunderstood_______controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how18._______fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which19.-Whatmadeherparentssoangry?-_______shehadfailedintheexamination.A.AsB.BecauseC.SinceD.That20._______we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where21.-Doyouremember_______hecame?-Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.A.howB.whenC.thatD.if22.Itwasamatterof_______wouldtaketheposition.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.whomever23.-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_______youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where24.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter_______itwas?A.whereB.whatC.howD.which25.Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent_______atleastaforeignlanguage.A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster26.Thefact____sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.A.that

B.what

C.why

D.which27.Thefact____hewassuccessfulproveshisability.A.that

B.what

C.which

D.why28.Thenews____hewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly.A.what

B.that

C.why

D.when29.Hissuggestion____themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.A.which

B.that

C./

D.it30.Ihavenoidea____hewillstart.A.when

B.that

C.what

D./31.I’vecomefromthegovernmentwithamessage____themeetingwon'tbeheldtomorrow.A.if

B.that

C.whether

D.which32.Thethought____hemightfailintheexamworriedhim.A.when

B.which

C.what

D.that33.Theorder____theprisonerbesetfreearrivedtoolate.A.which

B.whether

C.that

D.what34.Thenursesaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepatient'sfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.A.that

B.as

C.ofwhich

D.which35.Heoftenaskedmethequestion____theworkwasworthdoing.A.whether

B.where

C.that

D.when36.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether37.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat____Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that38.Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout____wewouldhavelostourway.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which39.Therearesigns____restaurantsarebecomingmorepopularwithfamilies.A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.whose40.Wecanseethesamesigns____standoutthrou