高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法分專題全面復(fù)習(xí)第五講情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講解與練習(xí)

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞總結(jié)

I情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特征：本身有詞義。不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。后接動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。不隨人稱和數(shù)的變化。II情態(tài)動(dòng)詞各自的基本意義及用法：1.can與could用法對(duì)比點(diǎn)cancould1、表“能力”Canyouliftthisheavybox?Icouldn’tunderstandwhathesaidatall.2、表“許可”Youcanuseadifferentmaterialinstead.HesaidIcouldborrowhisbike.3、“懷疑”No,no,itcan’tbetrue.Whatonearthcanthismean?Wethoughtthestorycouldnotbetrue.Howcouldyoubesocareless?4、can與beableto區(qū)別could代替can，表示語(yǔ)氣更為婉轉(zhuǎn)。Eg.CouldIuseyourbike?Yes,Icancan(能夠)=beableto(僅表能力時(shí))，但beableto表示一番努力后，才能做得到，且有更多的時(shí)態(tài)。2.may與might用法對(duì)比點(diǎn)maymight1．表“詢問(wèn)”MayI…?(=CanI…?)MightI…?(=CouldI…?)(但比用may更客氣)2.表“允許”Youmaytaketheboythere.Hetoldmehemightcome.(might與told相呼應(yīng))3．表“可能”“或許”Shemaynorlikethisplace.I’mafraidhemightnotlikethisplay.注：1.MayI…?的答語(yǔ)。2.may可表示期望或祝愿Mayyousucceed!3.may(might)用于目的狀語(yǔ)從句?？隙ǎ篩es,youmay.否定：No,youmustn’t不行（語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)硬）No,youmaynot或No,you’dbetternot.Theemperorgavethemsomegoldinorderthattheymightbegintheirworkatonce.3.must與haveto用法對(duì)比點(diǎn)musthaveto1.表“必須”（主觀看法）必須；沒(méi)有過(guò)去式，可用于間接引語(yǔ)中。HetoldmeImustdoaccordingtowhathesaid.（客觀需要）不得不，有多種時(shí)態(tài)。It’srainingheavily,wecan’tgonow.2.疑問(wèn)句MustI…?Yes,youmust.（一定）No,youneedn’t./youdon’thaveto.(不必)Doyouhavetogotoday?Yes,wedo.Youdon’thavetoworryaboutthat.4.need與dare用法對(duì)比點(diǎn)needdare1.情態(tài)v.+動(dòng)詞原形1）否定式2）疑問(wèn)式Heneednot(needn’t)go.---Needwedoitagain?---No,youneedn’tdoitagain.Hedarenotsayso.Dareshegooutaloneatnight?HowdareyousayI’munfair?Ifhedaredothat,he’llbepunished.Idaresay.(固定用法)2.實(shí)義v.+todo1）肯定式2）否定式3）疑問(wèn)式Heneedstogo.Hedoesn’t(doesnot)needtogo.Doesheneedtodoitagain?No,hedoesn’tneedotdoitagain.Hedarestosay.Hedoesnot(doesn’t)daretosay.Ifyoudaretojumpintothewaterfromhere,sodareI.3.didnotneedtodo表示過(guò)去沒(méi)必要做Shedidn’tneedtoattendthemeetingyesterday,andshestayedwithherchildren.(她沒(méi)有參加)5.should與oughtto用法對(duì)比點(diǎn)shouldoughtto1、表“應(yīng)該”表勸告、建議Youshouldlistentothedoctor’sadvice.WeshouldlearnfromZhangHua.“有責(zé)任有必要”做某事Yououghttofinishyourworkbeforeyougohome.Weoughttohelpeachother.2、表“估計(jì)”Theyshouldgethomebynow.“非?？赡堋钡氖?，可譯為“總應(yīng)該”Ifwestarttoworkrightnow,weoughttofinishitbeforelunch.注：1）should還可在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的使用2)注意：oughtto的疑問(wèn)式及否定式---Oughthetogo?---Yes,Ithinkheoughtto.---No,heoughtn’tto.否定式：oughtn’ttodo(不說(shuō)oughttonotdo)反疑問(wèn)句：oughtn’t______?6.shall與will用法shallwill1.征詢對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)求指示，用于第一、三人稱：ShallI(we)…?Shallhe(she)…?WhereshallI(we)waitforyou?1.詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的意思或向?qū)Ψ教岢鲆螅篧illyou(please)…?Won’tyou…?Wouldyouliketo...?(would替代will更客氣)Won’tyougoandseethefilm?你不去看電影嗎---Yes,IthinkIwill.不，我想去。2.表示說(shuō)話人的“意愿”有“命令”“警告”“強(qiáng)制”“允諾”“決心”等，用于第二、三人稱。YoushalldowhatItellyou(todo).我叫你干什么你就干什么。Everythingshallbedonetosavetheship.一定要竭盡全力來(lái)拯救這艘船。2.表示“意志”“意愿”，用于各種人稱：Iwon’tdoanythingyoudon’tlike.我不會(huì)做任何你不喜歡的事。Would表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的“意志”“意愿”Shylockwouldnottakethemoneyearlier.夏洛克先前是不肯要錢的。7.usedto與would用法usedtowould1.表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)，重在與現(xiàn)在情況的對(duì)比，不一定要有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Iusedtoplaycardsalot,butnowIseldomplay.Myhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.1.只表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作的重復(fù)，有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。IwouldgotoseemygrandfatheronSundaywhenhewasinthemiddleschool.2.would后只接表動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，不接表認(rèn)識(shí)或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞Heusedtobenervousintheexam.2.表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣有時(shí)可互換：Whenwewereveryyoung,weusedto/wouldgoskatingeverywinter.3.表示過(guò)去的次數(shù)時(shí)，不能使用：(√）WewenttotheGreatWallfivetimeswhenwewereyoung.(X)Weusedtogo/wouldgototheGreatWallfivetimeswhenwewereyoung.注：usedtodo的否定式：usedn’ttodo或didn’tusetodo(usedn’t也可寫(xiě)作usen’t)疑問(wèn)式：Didyouusetodo?Didn’tyouusetodo?Usedyoutodo?Usedn’tyoutodo?hadbetter的用法：hadbetter意為“最好”，沒(méi)有人稱的變化，后面接不帶to的不定式，其否定形式為：hadbetternot。如：Wehadbettergonow.II情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)：大多數(shù)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（除表‘能力、許可、意志’外），都可以表示推測(cè)，其程度有差異。按可能性程度的高低排列為：must﹥will﹥would﹥oughtto﹥should完全肯定完全可能很可能﹥can﹥could﹥may﹥might可能有可能情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)：表示具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性的層次比較：詞形肯定式否定式疑問(wèn)式must必定，必然\\will很可能，大概不會(huì)，不該會(huì)……嗎/would可能性比will小語(yǔ)氣比won’t小語(yǔ)氣比will弱should\oughtto按說(shuō)，應(yīng)該\\can\不可能有可能嗎？could微弱的肯能性不可能語(yǔ)氣比can弱may或許，也許，也說(shuō)不定可能不\might比may還弱比maynot還弱\2.區(qū)分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定含義：maynot或許不、可能不mightnot可能不can’t不可能mustn’t不許、禁止shouldn’t不應(yīng)該needn’t不必3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)具體運(yùn)用：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以對(duì)現(xiàn)在、進(jìn)行、過(guò)去推測(cè)。S主+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+adj對(duì)“性質(zhì)”“特征”的推測(cè)S主+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+n對(duì)“職業(yè)”“事物”的推測(cè)S主+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形對(duì)經(jīng)常性行為的推測(cè)S主+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+V-ing對(duì)進(jìn)行著的行為的推測(cè)S主+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+PP對(duì)過(guò)去的行為的推測(cè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)時(shí)：1、can只能用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句2、must只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑問(wèn)句其實(shí)就用can來(lái)代替了）3、如句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成時(shí)，定是對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)。4、句中如有表示不肯定的話語(yǔ)E.gIamnotsure;Idon’tknow之類，常選may/might的各種形式。4.表示反勸的特殊的表推測(cè)形式1).could+have+P.P.表示本來(lái)能做到，但事實(shí)上沒(méi)有做到。Hecouldhavefinishedthetaskontime,buttheheavysnowcame..couldn’t+have+P.P.表示本來(lái)不能做到，但已經(jīng)做到了。Shecouldnothavecoveredthewholedistance,butinfactshearrivedaheadoftime.needn’t+have+P.P.表示本不必做的，但已經(jīng)做到了。Sheneedn’thaveattendedthemeetingyesterday,butshedid.)should/oughtto+have+P.P.表示該做而沒(méi)有做Theplantisdead.Ishould/oughttohavegivenotmorewater.shouldn’t/oughtn’tto+have+P.P.表示不該做而做了。Yououghtn’tto/shouldn’thavetakenherbikewithoutpermission.5.注意：must只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑問(wèn)句其實(shí)就用can來(lái)代替了）must+have+P.P.表示對(duì)過(guò)去肯定的推測(cè)，“一定是，準(zhǔn)是”Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedyesterday.can+have+P.P.表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)（限于問(wèn)句中）Canshehavesaidso?他可能這樣說(shuō)嗎？can’t+have+P.P.表示對(duì)過(guò)去的否定推測(cè)Hecannothavesaidsuchafoolishthing.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞專項(xiàng)練習(xí)()1.You_____returnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.maynot()2.Whereismypen?I_____it.A.mightlose B.wouldhavelost C.shouldhavelost D.musthavelost()3.IwishI_____youyesterday.A.seenB.didsee C.hadseen D.weretosee()4.Ididn’thearthephone.I_____asleep.A.mustbe B.musthavebeen C.shouldbe D.shouldhavebeen()5.Ifmylawyer_____herelastSaturday,he_____mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhaveprevented B.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented()6.He_____youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A.mighthavegiven B.mighthave C.mayhavegiven D.maygive()7.Ifit_____forthesnow,we_____themountainyesterday.A.werenot;couldhaveclimbed B.werenot;couldclimbC.hadnotbeen;couldhaveclimbed D.hadnotbeen;couldclimb()8.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_____quitedifficulttoday.A.is B.willbe C.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe()9.Acomputer_____thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo. A.can’t B.couldn’tC.maynot D.mightnot()10.Jenny_____havekeptherword.Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind.A.must B.shouldC.need D.would()11.We_____lastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.A.musthavestudied B.mightstudyC.shouldhavestudied D.wouldstudy()12.—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—Yes,ofcourseyou_____.A.might B.willC.can D.should()13.Tomoughtnotto_____meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.A.havetold B.tell C.betelling D.havingtold()14.—Ifhe_____,he_____thatfood.—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottake B.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottaken D.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken()15.Peter_____comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.A.must B.mayC.can D.will()16.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI_____forher.A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout()17.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_____,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascome B.didcomeC.came D.hadcome()18.—ShallItellJohnaboutit?—No,you_____.I’vetoldhimalready.A.needn’t B.wouldn’tC.mustn’t D.shouldn’t()19.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_____.A.breaks B.hasbrokenC.werebroken D.hadbeenbroken()20.It’snearlyseveno’clock.Jack_____behereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.should D.can()21.—Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.—It_____acomfortablejourney.A.can’tbeB.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen()22.Johnny,you_____playwiththeknife,you_____hurtyourself.A.won’t;can’tB.mustn’t;mayC.shouldn’t;mustD.can’t;shouldn’t()23.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_____getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto()24.—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.—They_____bereadyby12:00.A.canB.should C.might D.need()25.—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.—Oh,didyou?You_____withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed()26.—Willyoustayforlunch?—Sorry,_____.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.A.Imustn’t B.Ican’t C.Ineedn’t D.Iwon’t()27.—AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?—I’mnotsure.I_____gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.should D.might()28.—Writetomewhenyougethome.—_____.A.ImustB.IshouldC.Iwill D.Ican()29.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou,you_____homewithoutaword. A.mustn’tleave B.shouldn’thaveleftC.couldn’thaveleft D.needn’tleave()30.—IsJohncomingbytrain?—Heshould,buthe_____not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.may()31.He_____havecomehereyesterday,buthedidn’t.

A.couldB.shouldC.oughttoD.alltheabove()32.Imissedthelastbus,soI_____gohomeonfoot.

A.mustB.havetoC