Basic Chemistry 基礎(chǔ)化學(xué)智慧樹知到期末考試答案章節(jié)答案2024年天津大學(xué)

BasicChemistry基礎(chǔ)化學(xué)智慧樹知到期末考試答案+章節(jié)答案2024年天津大學(xué)Whenthefollowingequationisbalanced,thecoefficientsare__________.Al(NO3)3+Na2S→Al2S3+NaNO3

答案:2,3,1,6Acombinationofsand,salt,andwaterisanexampleofa__________.

答案:heterogeneousmixtureWhichisoelectronicseriesiscorrectlyarrangedinorderofincreasingradius?

答案:Ca2+<K+<Ar<Cl-CO2fromhydrocarboncombustioncreatesamajorenvironmentalproblemthatisdescribedas__________.

答案:thegreenhouseeffectThephotoelectriceffectis__________.

答案:theejectionofelectronsbyametalwhenstruckwithlightofsufficientenergyThereare__________orbitalsinthethirdshell.

答案:9Metalscanbe__________atroomtemperature.

答案:solidorliquidThecorrectnameforSrOis__________.

答案:strontiumoxide__________isthechemicalsymbolforelementalsodium.

答案:NaOfthefollowingtransitionsintheBohrhydrogenatom,the__________transitionresultsintheemissionofthehighest-energyphoton.

答案:n=6→n=1Themostcommonandstableallotropeofsulfuris__________.

答案:S8Ofthefollowingstatements,__________isnottrueforoxygen.

答案:Dryairisabout79%oxygen.Theelectronconfigurationofaground-stateAgatomis__________.

答案:[Kr]5s14d10Classifythefollowingcompoundsasweakbases(W)orstrongbases(S):ammonia,fluorideionandsodiumhydroxide.

答案:WWSTheLewisstructureofHCN(HbondedtoC)showsthat__________has__________nonbondingelectronpairs.

答案:N,1Theaveragekineticenergyoftheparticlesofagasisdirectlyproportionalto__________.

答案:thesquareofthermsspeed__________solidsconsistofatomsormoleculesheldtogetherbydipole-dipoleforces,Londondispersionforces,and/orhydrogenbonds.

答案:MolecularWhichgroup16elementisametal?

答案:poloniumOfthehydrogenhalides,only__________isaweakacid.

答案:HF(aq)Ofthefollowinggases,__________willhavethegreatestrateofeffusionatagiventemperature.

答案:CH4Whichoneofthefollowingreactionsisaredoxreaction?

答案:Noneoftheaboveisaredoxreaction.Ofthefollowing,__________isavalidstatementofCharles'law.

答案:V/T=constantThemass%ofCinmethane(CH4)is__________.

答案:74.87Whensolutionsofstrongelectrolytesinwaterareformed,theionsaresurroundedbywatermolecules.Theseinteractionsarebestdescribedasacaseof__________.

答案:hydrationAstheconcentrationofasoluteinasolutionincreases,thefreezingpointofthesolution__________andthevapourpressureofthesolution__________.

答案:decreases,decreasesTheinitialortentativeexplanationofanobservationiscalleda(n)__________.

答案:hypothesisInwhichofthefollowingatomsisthe3sorbitalclosesttothenucleus?

答案:AtTherecommendedadultdoseofElixophyllin,adrugusedtotreatasthma,is6.0mg/kgofbodymass.Calculatethedoseinmilligramsfora115-lbperson.1lb=453.59g.

答案:313Automotiveairbagsinflatewhensodiumazidedecomposesexplosivelytoitsconstituentelements:2NaN3(s)→2Na(s)+3N2(g)HowmanymolesofN2areproducedbythedecompositionof2.88molofsodiumazide?

答案:4.32Thesolubilityoflead(II)chloride(PbCl2)is1.6×10-2M.WhatistheKspofPbCl2

答案:1.6×10-5ThevanderWaalsequationforrealgasesrecognizesthat__________.

答案:alloftheabovestatementsaretrueTheconcentrationofiodideionsinasaturatedsolutionoflead(II)iodideis__________M.ThesolubilityproductconstantofPbI2is1.4×10-8.

答案:3.0×10-3WhatisthecoefficientofO2whenthefollowingequationiscompletedandbalanced?C4H8O2+O2→________

答案:5Whichoneofthefollowingconcentrationunitsvarieswithtemperature?

答案:molarityHowmanymoleculesofCH4arein48.2gofthiscompound?

答案:1.81×1024Asolutionispreparedbydissolving0.60gofnicotine(anonelectrolyte)inwatertomake12mLofsolution.Theosmoticpressureofthesolutionis7.55atmat25°C.Themolecularweightofnicotineis________g/mol.

答案:160Afixedamountofgasat25.0°Coccupiesavolumeof10.0Lwhenthepressureis667torr.UseBoyle'slawtocalculatethepressure(torr)whenthevolumeisreducedto7.88Lataconstanttemperatureof25.0°C.

答案:846Whichofthefollowingisanillustrationofthelawofconstantcomposition?

答案:Wateris11%hydrogenand89%oxygenbymassHowmuchfasterdoes235UF6effusethan238UF6?

答案:1.004timesasfastAfixedamountofgasat25.0°Coccupiesavolumeof10.0Lwhenthepressureis629torr.UseCharles'slawtocalculatethevolume(L)thegaswilloccupywhenthetemperatureisincreasedto121°Cwhilemaintainingthepressureat629torr.

答案:13.2Theconcentrationofchlorideioninasolutionthatcontains35.0ppmchlorideis__________%bymass.

答案:3.50×10-3The4dsubshellinthegroundstateofatomicxenoncontains__________electrons.

答案:10Inwhichofthemoleculesbelowisthecarbon-carbondistancetheshortest?

答案:H-C≡C-HThe__________quantumnumberdefinestheshapeofanorbital.

答案:azimuthalUsingBohr'sequationfortheenergylevelsoftheelectroninthehydrogenatom,determinetheenergy(J)ofanelectroninthen=4level.__________.

答案:-1.36x10-19Howmanyisomersexistfortheoctahedralcomplexion[Co(NH3)4F2]+__________?

答案:2Mostoftheelementsontheperiodictableare__________.

答案:metalsThetypeofcompoundthatismostlikelytocontainacovalentbondis__________.

答案:onethatiscomposedofonlynon-metalsInwhichoneofthefollowingnumbersareallofthezerossignificant?

答案:100.09009Agasatapressureof325torr(mmHg)exertsaforceof__________Nonanareaof5.5m2.

答案:2.4×105Whichoftheseoxidesismostbasic?

答案:K2OTheatomicnumberindicates__________.

答案:thenumberofprotonsorelectronsinaneutralatomWhichenergychangecorrespondstothefirstionizationenergyofpotassium?

答案:3Whichofthefollowingreactionsisaredoxreaction?(a)K2CrO4+BaCl2→BaCrO4+2KCl;(b)Pb22++2Br-→PbBr;(c)Cu+S→CuS

答案:(c)onlyThecorrectnameforCaH2is__________.

答案:calciumhydrideThegroundstateelectronconfigurationofFeis__________.

答案:1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2A__________covalentbondbetweenthesametwoatomsisthelongest.

答案:singleAnelectroncannothavethequantumnumbersn=__________,l=__________,ml=__________.

答案:1,1,1TheSIunitoftemperatureis__________.

答案:KThecorrectnameforAl2O3is__________.

答案:aluminumoxideTheoxidationstateofcopperinCu2CO3(OH)2is__________.

答案:2Whichtwobondsaremostsimilarinpolarity?

答案:O–FandCl–FThereactionusedtoinflateautomobileairbags__________.

答案:isadecompositionreactionWhichalkalineearthmetalwillnotreactwithliquidwaterorwithsteam__________?

答案:BeAstrongelectrolyteisonethat__________completelyinsolution.

答案:ionizesWhichofthefollowingisnotacolloid?

答案:airThedissolutionofwaterinoctane(C8H18)ispreventedby__________.

答案:hydrogenbondingbetweenwatermoleculesThechlorideofwhichofthefollowingmetalsshouldhavethegreatestlatticeenergy?

答案:lithiumInbasicsolution,__________.

答案:H3O+]<[OH-]Inthenitriteion(NO2-),__________.

答案:bothbondsarethesameThekinetic-moleculartheorypredictsthatpressurerisesasthetemperatureofagasincreasesbecause__________.

答案:boththegasmoleculescollidemorefrequentlywiththewallandthegasmoleculescollidemoreenergeticallywiththewallWhatistheconjugateacidofNH3?

答案:NH4+1nanometer=__________picometers

答案:1000WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsregardingKwisfalse?

答案:ThevalueofKwisalways1.0×10-14.Methaneandethanearebothmadeupofcarbonandhydrogen.Inmethane,thereare12.0gofcarbonforevery4.00gofhydrogen,aratioof3:1bymass.Inethane,thereare24.0gofcarbonforevery6.00gofhydrogen,aratioof4:1bymass.Thisisastatementofthelawof__________.

答案:multipleproportionsAtinatomhas50electrons.Electronsinthe__________subshellexperiencethelowesteffectivenuclearcharge.

答案:5pWhichofthefollowingliquidswillhavethelowestfreezingpoint?

答案:aqueousFeI3(0.030m)Cl2(g)+H2O(l)→________

答案:HCl(aq)+HOCl(aq)Aclosed-endmanometerwasattachedtoavesselcontainingargon.Thedifferenceinthemercurylevelsinthetwoarmsofthemanometerwas12.2cm.Atmosphericpressurewas783mmHg.Thepressureoftheargoninthecontainerwas__________mmHg.

答案:122Aseparationprocessthatdependsondifferingabilitiesofsubstancestoformgasesiscalled__________.

答案:distillationWhichofthefollowingcannotbeacolloid?

答案:ahomogenousmixtureAmixtureoftwogaseswasallowedtoeffusefromacontainer.Oneofthegasesescapedfromthecontainer1.43timesasfastastheotherone.Thetwogasescouldhavebeen__________.

答案:Cl2andSF6Whichoneofthefollowingistheweakestacid?

答案:HCN(Ka=4.9×10-10)A0.100msolutionofwhichoneofthefollowingsoluteswillhavethelowestvapourpressure?

答案:Al(ClO4)3Themostlikelyvan'tHofffactorforan0.01mCaI2solutionis__________.

答案:2.69__________significantfiguresshouldberetainedintheresultofthefollowingcalculation.(11.13-2.6)×104/(103.05+16.9)×10-6

答案:2Anidealgasdiffersfromarealgasinthatthemoleculesofanidealgas__________.

答案:havenoattractionforoneanotherWhichhydroxidesarestrongbases?

答案:Sr(OH)2,KOH,NaOH,Ba(OH)2Oneangstrom,symbolized?,is10-10m.1cm3=__________?3.

答案:1024Thehydratednickel(II)ionis

答案:greenOsmiumhasadensityof22.6g/cm3.Themassofablockofosmiumthatmeasures1.01cm×0.233cm×0.648cmis__________g.

答案:3.45Whengasesaretreatedasreal,viauseofthevanderWaalsequation,theactualvolumeoccupiedbygasmolecules__________thepressureexertedandtheattractiveforcesbetweengasmolecules__________thepressureexerted,ascomparedtoanidealgas.

答案:increases,decreasesAt333K,whichofthepairsofgasesbelowwouldhavethemostnearlyidenticalratesofeffusion?

答案:COandN2Whichoneofthefollowingisofteneasilyseparatedintoitscomponentsbysimpletechniquessuchasfilteringordecanting?

答案:heterogeneousmixtureThenumberofmonkeysinaboatishowmany?

答案:1.1×102Anobjectwillsinkinaliquidifthedensityoftheobjectisgreaterthanthatoftheliquid.Themassofasphereis9.83g.Ifthevolumeofthissphereislessthan__________cm3,thenthespherewillsinkinliquidmercury(density=13.6g/cm3).

答案:0.723Colligativepropertiesofsolutionsincludeallofthefollowingexcept__________.

答案:theincreaseofreactionrateswithincreaseintemperatureWhichofthefollowingarechemicalprocesses?1.rustingofanail2.freezingofwater3.decompositionofwaterintohydrogenandoxygengases4.compressionofoxygengas.

答案:1,3Asolutionispreparedbydissolving7.00gofglycerin(C3H8O3)in201gofethanol(C2H5OH).Thefreezingpointofthesolutionis_______°C.Thefreezingpointofpureethanolis-114.6°Cat1atm.Themolalfreezingpoint-depressionconstant(Kf)forethanolis1.99°C/m.Themolarmassesofglycerinandofethanolare92.1g/moland46.1g/mol,respectively.

答案:-115.4Anaqueoussolutionofasolublecompound(anonelectrolyte)ispreparedbydissolving33.2gofthecompoundinenoughwatertoform250mLofsolution.Thesolutionhasanosmoticpressureof1.2atmat25.0°CWhatisthemolarmass(g/mL)ofthecompound?

答案:2.7×103A0.15MaqueoussolutionoftheweakacidHAat25.0°ChasapHof5.35.ThevalueofKaforHAis__________.

答案:1.4×10-10Asolutionispreparedbydissolving6.00gofanunknownnonelectrolyteinenoughwatertomake1.00Lofsolution.Theosmoticpressureofthissolutionis0.750atmat25.0°C.Whatisthemolecularweight(g/mol)oftheunknownsolute?

答案:195Thevolumeofasampleofgas(2.49g)was752mLat1.98atmand62°C.Thegasis__________.

答案:NO2Howmanyoxygenatomsarecontainedin2.74gofAl2(SO4)3?

答案:5.79×1022Oneedgeofacubeismeasuredandfoundtobe13cm.Thevolumeofthecubeinm3is__________.

答案:2.2×10-3Theacid-dissociationconstantforchlorousacid,HClO2,at25.0°Cis1.0×10-2.CalculatetheconcentrationofH+iftheinitialconcentrationofacidis0.10M.

答案:2.7×10-2Whatistheempiricalformulaofacompoundthatis64.8%C,13.6%H,and21.6%Obymass?

答案:C4H10O1Onacleardayatsealevel,withatemperatureof25°C,thepartialpressureofN2inairis0.78atmandtheconcentrationofnitrogeninwateris5.3×10-4M.WhenthepartialpressureofN2is__________atm,theconcentrationinwateris1.1×10-3M.

答案:1.6atmTheconcentrationofabenzenesolutionpreparedbymixing12.0gC6H6with38.0gCCl4is__________molal.

答案:4.04Theconcentrationofleadnitrate(Pb(NO3)2)ina0.726Msolutionis__________molal.Thedensityofthesolutionis1.202g/mL.

答案:0.755Asampleofpotassiumchlorate(15.0g)isdissolvedin201gofwaterat70°Cwithprecautionstakentoavoidevaporationofanywater.Thesolutioniscooledto30.0°Candnoprecipitateisobserved.Thissolutionis__________.

答案:unsaturatedPairsofliquidsthatwillmixinallproportionsarecalled__________liquids.

答案:miscibleThefreezingpointofethanol(C2H5OH)is-114.6°C.Themolalfreezingpointdepressionconstantforethanolis2.00°C/m.Whatisthefreezingpoint(°C)ofasolutionpreparedbydissolving50.0gofglycerine(C3H8O3anonelectrolyte)in200gofethanol?

答案:-120Thesolubilityofoxygengasinwaterat25°Cand1.0atmpressureofoxygenis0.041g/LThesolubilityofoxygeninwaterat3.0atmand25°Cis__________g/L.

答案:0.12Thevaporpressureofpurewaterat25°Cis23.8torr.Determinethevaporpressure(torr)ofwaterat25°Caboveasolutionpreparedbydissolving35gofurea(anon-volatile,non-electrolyte,MW=60.0g/mol)in75gofwater.

答案:21Asolutionispreparedbydissolving15.0gofNH3in250gofwater.Thedensityoftheresultingsolutionis0.974g/mL.ThemolefractionofNH3inthesolutionis__________.

答案:0.0597TheprincipalreasonfortheextremelylowsolubilityofNaClinbenzene(C6H6)isthe__________.

答案:weaksolvationofNa+andCl-byC6H6AsampleofH2gas(12.28g)occupies100.0Lat400.0Kand2.00atm.Asampleweighing9.49goccupies__________Lat353Kand2.00atm.

答案:68.2A0.325Lflaskfilledwithgasat0.914atmand19°Ccontains__________molofgas.

答案:1.24×10-2Asampleofagas(5.0mol)at1.0atmisexpandedatconstanttemperaturefrom10Lto15L.Thefinalpressureis__________atm.

答案:0.67Agasatapressureof10.0Paexertsaforceof__________Nonanareaof5.5m2.

答案:55Agasvesselisattachedtoanopen-endmanometercontaininganon-volatileliquidofdensity0.791g/mLasshownbelow.Thedifferenceinheightsoftheis755mmHg.Giventhatthedensityofmercuryis13.6g/mL,thepressureoftheenclosedgasis__________atm.liquidinthetwosidesofthemanometeris43.4cmwhentheatmosphericpressure

答案:0.96Asampleofgas(1.3mol)occupies__________Lat22°Cand2.5atm.

答案:13Theroot-mean-squarespeedofCOat113°Cis__________m/s.

答案:586UsingthevanderWaalsequation,thepressureina22.4Lvesselcontaining1.00molofneongasat100°Cis__________atm.(a=0.211L2atm/mol2,b=0.0171L/mol)

答案:1.37AsampleofN2gas(2.0mmol)effusedthroughapinholein5.5s.Itwilltake__________sforthesameamountofCH4toeffuseunderthesameconditions.

答案:4.2AflaskcontainsamixtureofHeandNeatatotalpressureof2.6atm.Thereare2.0molofHeand5.0molofNeintheflask.ThepartialpressureofHeis__________atm.

答案:0.74Whatistheempiricalformulaofacompoundthatcontains49.4%K,20.3%S,and30.3%Obymass?

答案:K2SO3Writethebalancedequationforthereactionthatoccurswhenmethanol,CH3CH(l)isburnedinair.Whatisthecoefficientofmethanolinthebalancedequation?

答案:2Whenthefollowingequationisbalanced,thecoefficientofAlis__________.Al(s)+H2O(l)→Al(OH)3(s)+H2(g)

答案:2Whenthefollowingequationisbalanced,thecoefficientsare__________.NH3(g)+O2(g)→NO2(g)+H2O(g)

答案:4,7,4,6Whenthefollowingequationisbalanced,thecoefficientofO2is__________.C2H4O(g)+O2(g)→CO2(g)+H2O(g)

答案:5Thesolubilityofmanganese(II)hydroxide(Mn(OH)2)is2.2×10-5M.WhatistheKspofMn(OH)2?

答案:4.3×10-14Thebalancedequationforthedecompositionofsodiumazideis__________.

答案:2NaN3(s)→2Na(s)+3N2(g)Whichofthefollowingreactionsisaredoxreaction?(a)K2CrO4+BaCl2→BaCrO4+2KCl(b)Pb22++2Br-→PbBr(c)Cu+S→CuS

答案:(c)onlyMagnesiumandnitrogenreactinacombinationreactiontoproducemagnesiumnitride:3Mg+N2→Mg3N2Inaparticularexperiment,a9.27gsampleofN2reactscompletely.ThemassofMgconsumedis__________g.

答案:24.1Acompoundcontains40.0%C,6.71%H,and53.29%Obymass.Themolecularweightofthecompoundis60.05amu.Themolecularformulaofthiscompoundis__________.

答案:C2H4O2TheconjugatebaseofHSO4-is

答案:SO42-WhatisthepHofanaqueoussolutionat25.0°Cinwhich[H+]is0.00250M?

答案:2.6ElementMreactswithfluorinetoformanioniccompoundwiththeformulaMF3.TheM-ionhas18electrons.ElementMis__________.

答案:ScWhatistheconcentration(inM)ofhydroniumionsinasolutionat25.0°CwithpH=4.282?

答案:5.22×10-5ThecorrectnameforK2Sis__________.

答案:potassiumsulfideWhatisthepHofa0.0150Maqueoussolutionofbariumhydroxide?

答案:12.5ThecorrectnameforH2SO3is__________.

答案:sulfurousacidTheionsCa2+andPO43-formasaltwiththeformula__________.

答案:Ca3(PO4)2ThecorrectnameofthecompoundNa3Nis__________.

答案:sodiumnitrideTheformalchargeoncarboninthemoleculebelowis__________.

答案:0Inthemoleculebelow,whichatomhasthelargestpartialnegativecharge__________?

答案:FThereare__________pairedand__________unpairedelectronsintheLewissymbolforaphosphorusatom.

答案:2,3Electronegativity__________fromlefttorightwithinaperiodand__________fromtoptobottomwithinagroup.

答案:increases,decreasesDetermininglatticeenergyfromBorn-Habercycledatarequirestheuseof__________.

答案:Hess'slawThereare__________unpairedelectronsintheLewissymbolforanoxygenatom.

答案:2Howmanyhydrogenatomsmustbondtosilicontogiveitanoctetofvalenceelectrons?

答案:4TheLewisstructureofAsH3shows__________nonbondingelectronpair(s)onAs.

答案:1Elementsfromoppositesidesoftheperiodictabletendtoform__________.

答案:ioniccompoundsTheelectronconfigurationofthephosphideion(P3-)is__________.

答案:[Ne]3s23p6Ingeneral,asyougoacrossaperiodintheperiodictablefromlefttoright:(1)theatomicradius__________;(2)theelectronaffinitybecomes__________negative;and(3)thefirstionizationenergy__________.

答案:decreases,increasingly,increasesWhichofthefollowingtraitscharacterizesthealkalimetals?

答案:thelowestfirstionizationenergiesinaperiodTheonlynoblegasthatdoesnothavethens2np6valenceelectronconfigurationis__________.

答案:heliumAnalkalineearthmetalformsacompoundwithoxygenwiththeformula__________.(ThesymbolMrepresentsanyoneofthealkalineearthmetals.)

答案:MOThefirstionizationenergiesoftheelements__________asyougofromlefttorightacrossaperiodoftheperiodictable,and__________asyougofromthebottomtothetopofagroupinthetable.

答案:increase,increaseWhichnon-metalexistsasadiatomicsolid?

答案:iodineWhatistheoxidationnumberofchromiumin[Cr(NH3)4Cl2]Cl__________?

答案:3Elementsinthemodernversionoftheperiodictablearearrangedinorderofincreasing__________.

答案:atomicnumberOxidesoftheactivemeta