遼寧省葫蘆島市普通高中2024-2025學(xué)年高一英語下學(xué)期期末學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)試題含解析

PAGEPAGE24遼寧省葫蘆島市一般中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高一英語下學(xué)期期末學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)試題（含解析）考生留意：1.試卷滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。2.本考試分設(shè)試卷和答題紙，試卷包括Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷兩部分。3.答題前，考生務(wù)必在答題紙上按要求填寫信息，并將核對(duì)后的條形碼貼在指定位置上，作答必需涂或?qū)懺诖痤}紙上，在試卷上作答一件不得分。Ⅰ卷部分的作答必需涂在答題紙上相應(yīng)的區(qū)域，Ⅱ卷部分的作答必需寫在答題紙上與試卷題號(hào)對(duì)應(yīng)的位置。第Ⅰ卷（三部分，共95分）第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置，聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題，每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandofortheman?A.Buysomefood.B.Makedumplings.C.Showtheway.2.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.WindowshoppingB.Abookfair.C.Afashionshow.3.Wherearethereporters?A.Inthereceptionroom.B.Inthemeetingroom.C.Intheteabreakroom.4.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Excited.B.Tired.C.Sick.5.ForwhatdidthewomangotoFlorida?A.Furtherstudies.B.Afamilyvacation.C.Afieldtrip.其次節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白，每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置.聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘，聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間，每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對(duì)語，回答第6和第7小題。6.Whendoestheboyusuallygohome?A.At4：45pmB.At5：15pm.C.At5：45pm.7.Howoftendoestheboyliftweights?A.Twiceaweek.D.Threetimesaweek.C.Pourtimesaweek.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第8和第9小題。8.WhatfooddoesSallylike?A.BeefB.Vegetables.C.Beanproducts.9.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?A.Cookdinner.B.Buyseafood.C.Orderdishes.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第10至第12小題。10.Whatistheman?A.Ahost.B.Acoach.C.Anewsreporter.11.Whenwillthefitnesscenterbeopen?A.OnJune16th.B.OnJuly10thC.OnAugust21st.12.Whatsportcanpeopledooutdoorsinthesportscenter?A.TennisB.Volleyball.C.Basketball.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第13至第16小題。13.Whereisthelittlehouse?AOppositeafruitfarm.B.Threeblocksfromtheocean.C.Ontherainysideoftheisland.14.Whatdoesthemanmindaboutthefirstplace?A.NoTVB.NorefrigeratorC.Noairconditioner.15.Whatdothespeakersneedtotake?A.Ahairdryer.B.Toothbrushes.C.Swimmingsuits.16.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Makeabooking.B.Packforthetrip.C.Dotheshopping.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第17至第20小題。17.Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Teachers.B.Students.C.Professionalcyclists.18.WhatdoesMr.Smithdoontheweekend?A.Hejoinsinbikeraces.B.HegivesascienceclassC.Hecleanshispinkbike.19.Whatdoesthespeakerexpectthelistenerstodo?A.PreparesomesparebikesB.TrytobecomebikeracersC.Usetheirbikesmoreoften.20.WhatwillbeorganizedonFridaysinApril?A.Bikefairs.B.BikepartiesC.Bikecompetitions.其次部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ARoyalBotanicGarden,EdinburghTheover70-acreRoyalBotanicGardenEdinburghisascientificcentreforthestudyofplants,aswellasapopulartouristattraction.ItisthesecondoldestbotanicgardeninBritain.Originallyfoundedin1670asagardentogrowmedicinalplants,itslivingcollectionconsistsofmorethan15,000plants.Opendailyfrom10am(exceptDecember25andJanuary31).Closedat4p.m.(Nov—Feb.)6p.m.(Mar.andOct.),7pm(Apr.—Sept.)Entry:Free(Tel:01315527171)TheDingleGarden,WalesTheDingleGardenissetintheheartofbeautifulmid-Wales.Thefour-acregardenissouth-facingwithpathsthatwinddowntheslopetoalakeandsmallwaterfall.Thebedsarecolour-themedtolookgoodallyearround.Thispeacefulgarden,fullofwildlife,istheperfectspotforarelaxingwanderatanytimeofyear.Opendaily9a.m.—5p.m.OnlyclosedforoneweekatChristmas.Entry:Adults￡3seniors￡3,childrenfree(Tel:01938555145)GroombridgePlace,KeatGroombridgePlaceinKent,setin200acresofwoodedparkland,hasbeentheinspirationforbooks,filmsandtelevisionprogrammes.InsidethegardenwallsatGroombridgePlaceliesahiddenworld.Forthreehundredyearsthesegardenswereunseen,exceptbyafavouredfew.Thegardenswerelaidoutinthe17thcentury.Inthe18thand19thcenturiesnewplantswereintroducedandmanytreeswereplanted.LateMar.—earlyNov.:Opendailyfrom10amto5:30pm(orduskifearlier)Entry:Adults￡8.95,seniorsandchildren￡7.45(Tel:01892861444)HidcoteManorGarden,GloucestershireHidcotegardencovers10.5acresofgentlyslopingground.Itwasdesignedbyaplantcollectorwhosponsoredandparticipatedinplanthuntingexpeditionstosecurerareandunusualspeciesforthisextremelyprettygarden.OpenfromtheendofMarchtoearlyNovember.March24toJuly1andduringSeptember,opendailyfrom10amto6pm,closedonThursdaysandFridays.July2toAugust31,10a.m.to6p.m.,closedonThursdays.October1toNovember4,10a.m.to5p.m.,closedonThursdaysandFridays.Entry:Adults￡7.27,children￡3,36,family￡18.18（Tel:01386438333）1.FromthetextwecanlearnthatRoyalBotanicGarden________.A.istheoldestbotanicgarden B.hasafewmedicinalplantsC.opensdailyfrom10amto4pm D.isfreeofchargeforvisitors2.Whichofthegardensisthesmallestinsize?A.RoyalBotanicGarden. B.GroombridgePlaceC.TheDingleGarden. D.HidcoteManorGarden.3.ItseemsthatbothGroombridgePlaceandHidcoteManorGarden________.A.coveralargearea B.areclosedduringwinterC.displayrareandunusualspecies D.arecrowdedwithvisitorsinsummer【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)花園的狀況，包括面積、開放時(shí)間和費(fèi)用等信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)RoyalBotanicGarden,Edinburgh部分中“Entry:Free(Tel:01315527171)(門票：免費(fèi)/電話：01315527171)”可知，皇家植物園對(duì)游客是免費(fèi)的。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中“Theover70-acreRoyalBotanicGardenEdinburghisascientificcentreforthestudyofplants,aswellasapopulartouristattraction.(占地70多英畝的愛丁堡皇家植物園是一個(gè)探討植物的科學(xué)中心，也是一個(gè)受歡迎的旅游景點(diǎn))”；TheDingleGarden,Wales部分中“Thefour-acregardenissouth-facingwithpathsthatwinddowntheslopetoalakeandsmallwaterfall.(這座占地四英畝的花園朝南，有蜿蜒而下的小徑，通往一個(gè)湖泊和小瀑布)”；GroombridgePlace,Keat部分中“GroombridgePlaceinKent,setin200acresofwoodedparkland,hasbeentheinspirationforbooks,filmsandtelevisionprogrammes.(肯特郡的新郎橋廣場(chǎng)坐落在200英畝的林地上，始終是書籍、電影和電視節(jié)目的靈感來源)”以及HidcoteManorGarden,Gloucestershire部分中“Hidcotegardencovers10.5acresofgentlyslopingground.(Hidcote花園占地10.5英畝，地勢(shì)平緩)”可知，TheDingleGarden的面積最小。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)GroombridgePlace,Keat部分中“LateMar.—earlyNov.:Opendailyfrom10amto5:30pm(orduskifearlier)(3月下旬到11月上旬：每天上午10時(shí)至下午5時(shí)30分開放或早一點(diǎn)的黃昏)”以及HidcoteManorGarden,Gloucestershire部分中“October1toNovember4,10a.m.to5p.m.,closedonThursdaysandFridays.(十月一日至十一月四日，上午十時(shí)至下午五時(shí)，星期四及星期五休息)”可知，GroombridgePlace和HidcoteManorGarden在冬季都是關(guān)閉的。故選B。BANewZealandcouncilhasannouncedamonth-longroadclosureinordertoallowasealionandherpuptoreachtheoceansafely.JohnWilsonOceanDriveinDunedinwillbeclosedaftertheNewZealandsealionsmadetheirhomeatanearbygolfcourseandstarted"regularlycrossingtheroadtogettothebeach,"accordingtoaFacebookpostfromDunedinCityCouncil."Youcanstillvisittheareaonfootorbybicycle,butpleasegivethesealionslotsofspace,"continuedthepost.Localsapplaudedthedecision,andoneevencalledfortheclosuretobemadepermanent."Nodogsshouldbeonthebeach,either,"wroteGayleneSmith."Weneedtoprotectourbeautifulsealife."Dogsareknowntoattacksealions,andChisholmLinksGolfCourse,wherethesealionshavemadetheirhome,alsopostedadvicetodogwalkersinaFacebookupdate."We'reluckytohavesealionsonourcoastlineandweneedtosharethespacewiththemasthisiswhatmakesourcoastlinesounique!"wrotethecourseonFacebook.ThecouncilwentontoexplainthatNewZealandsealionsareendangered,andareoneoftheworld'srarestspeciesofsealion.Thereareanestimated12,000NewZealandsealionsleft,accordingtotheDepartmentofConservation.Underlocallaw,anyonewhokillsasealioncouldfaceuptotwoyearsinprisonorafineofuptoNZ$250,000(US$178,000).4.WhatdecisionhastheDunedinCityCouncilmade?A.Closinganoceandriveforamonth. B.Forbiddingentryintoagolfcourse.C.Forbiddingwalkingdogsoutside. D.Closingthenearbybeachtemporarily.5.HowdidtheCityCouncilannouncethedecision?A.ByinformingonTV. B.Bysendingoutnotices.C.BypostingonFacebook. D.Byadvertisinginanewspaper.6.Whatistheattitudeofthelocalpeopletowardtheclosure?A.Doubtful. B.Supportive. C.Uncaring. D.Critical.7.WhatcanwelearnaboutNewZealandsealionsfromthetext?A.Theyareafraidofhumans. B.Theyareacommonspecies.C.Theyarebeingkilledbydogs. D.Theyareunderlegalprotection.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要講解并描述了為愛護(hù)受到威逼的新西蘭海獅，市議會(huì)宣布封閉道路長(zhǎng)達(dá)一個(gè)月，以允許海獅及其幼崽平安地到達(dá)海洋?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“ANewZealandcouncilhasannouncedamonth-longroadclosureinordertoallowasealionandherpuptoreachtheoceansafely.(為了讓海獅和它幼崽平安抵達(dá)大海，新西蘭市議會(huì)宣布將關(guān)閉一條道路長(zhǎng)達(dá)一個(gè)月)”和其次段的“JohnWilsonOceanDriveinDunedinwillbeclosedaftertheNewZealandsealionsmadetheirhomeatanearbygolfcourse（在新西蘭海獅在旁邊的高爾夫球場(chǎng)安家后，達(dá)尼丁的約翰·威爾遜海洋大道將關(guān)閉）”可知，新西蘭議會(huì)宣布將關(guān)閉一條海洋大道一個(gè)月。故選A。【5題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“JohnWilsonOceanDriveinDunedinwillbeclosedaftertheNewZealandsealionsmadetheirhomeatanearbygolfcourseandstarted"regularlycrossingtheroadtogettothebeach,"accordingtoaFacebookpostfromDunedinCityCouncil.(據(jù)達(dá)尼丁市議會(huì)在Facebook上發(fā)布的帖子稱，由于新西蘭海獅在旁邊的一個(gè)高爾夫球場(chǎng)安家，并起先“定期穿過公路去海灘”，達(dá)尼丁的約翰威爾遜海洋大道將關(guān)閉)”可知，市議會(huì)是通過在Facebook上發(fā)帖宣布這一確定的。故選C?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段“Localsapplaudedthedecision,andoneevencalledfortheclosuretobemadepermanent.(當(dāng)?shù)厝藢?duì)這一確定表示歡迎，甚至有人呼吁永久關(guān)閉)”可推知，當(dāng)?shù)厝撕苜澇蛇@個(gè)確定。故選B。【7題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中“Underlocallaw,anyonewhokillsasealioncouldfaceuptotwoyearsinprisonorafineofuptoNZ$250,000(US$178,000)(依據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)胤?，殺死海獅的任何人均可能面臨最高兩年的監(jiān)禁或最高25萬新西蘭元（178,000美元）的罰款)”可知，海獅處于法律愛護(hù)中，故選D。CRememberwhenyourmomtoldyounottoeattoomanycandybarsorsweetsbecausetheycancausetoothdecay(蛀牙)?However,itturnsoutthatchocolatecanbemoresalutarytoyourteeththanyoumightexpect.Recentstudiesshowthatchocolatecaneffectivelyfightagainsttoothdecay,asifweneedanotherexcusetoeatchocolate.Chocolateoffersprotectionlikefluoride,amainingredientinmosthouseholdtoothpastes.Notonlydoeschocolateprotectourteeth,butitcandosoveryeffectively.Studiesshowthatchocolatehascompoundsthatprovidestrongprotectionforteeth.Oneofthecompoundsinchocolate,CBH,isshowntoprotectevenmoreeffectivelythanfluoride.Toothdecayhappenswhenbacteriaworktoturnsugarintoacidsinourmouth.Thisiswhyeatingfoodswithhighsugarcontentcanleadtomoretoothdecay.Thecompoundsinchocolate,however,areanti-bacteriaandcanfightagainstbacteriainyourmouth.TheCBHcompoundinparticularalsoworkstostrengthentoothenamel(牙釉質(zhì)),andprotectsagainsttoothdecay.Doesthismeanyoucancatasmuchchocolateasyouwantwithoutworryingaboutyourteeth?Itdependsonthetypesofchocolatethatyoulike.Theprotectiveeffectofchocolateismosteffectivewhenyouchewoncocoabeans.Ofcourse,thisoptionisnotveryappealingto;mostpeople.Amoretastyoptionistochoosedarkchocolatewithlittlesugarcontent,ideallynomorethan6to8gramsperserving.Forothertypesofchocolatewithhighersugarcontent,theeffectwillbelessened.However,becauseoftheprotectivecompounds,itisstillbetterforyourteeththanothersweetsanddessertscontainingthesameamountofsugar.8.Theword“salutary”inparagraph1means?A.Beneficial. B.Harmful. C.Familiar. D.Useless.9.WhatcanweknowaboutthecompoundCBHinchocolate?A.Itcanhelpchocolatecuretoothdecay.B.Itcaneffectivelystopteethfromdecaying.C.Itmayprotectteethbetterthantoothpastesdo.D.Itmaysoonreplacemosthouseholdtoothpastes.10.Howdoeschocolatefighttoothdecay?A.Bybreakingdownacids. B.Bybuildingupcompounds.C.Byfixinguptoothenamel. D.Byfightingagainstbacteria.11.What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.Chocolateplaystheroleoftoothpaste.B.Chocolateprotectsagainsttoothdecay.C.Chocolateisthebestchoiceforteethprotection.D.Chocolateishealthiertoteeththanothersweets.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了巧克力能有效防止蛀牙的原理?！?題詳解】詞句揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Rememberwhenyourmomtoldyounottoeattoomanycandybarsorsweetsbecausetheycancausetoothdecay(蛀牙)?(還記得你媽媽告知你不要吃太多的糖塊或糖果，因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)蛀牙嗎？)”及第三句“Recentstudiesshowthatchocolatecaneffectivelyfightagainsttoothdecay,asifweneedanotherexcusetoeatchocolate.(最近的探討表明，巧克力可以有效地防止蛀牙，就似乎我們須要另一個(gè)吃巧克力的借口一樣)”可知，巧克力對(duì)牙齒的愛護(hù)作用主要?dú)w因于其本身含有的復(fù)合物，這就猶如很多家庭運(yùn)用的牙膏中所含有的護(hù)齒成分。由此推知，劃線詞salutary為“有益的”之意。故選A?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章其次段最終一句“TheCBHcompoundinparticularalsoworkstostrengthentoothenamel(牙釉質(zhì)),andprotectsagainsttoothdecay.(尤其是CBH化合物還可以加強(qiáng)牙釉質(zhì)，防止蛀牙)”可推斷，巧克力含有的一種復(fù)合物甚至比牙膏中的氟化物的護(hù)齒效果要好。故選C。【10題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段第三句“Thecompoundsinchocolate,however,areanti-bacteriaandcanfightagainstbacteriainyourmouth.(然而，巧克力中的化合物是抗菌的，可以對(duì)抗口腔中的細(xì)菌)”可知，巧克力對(duì)抗蛀牙的原理主要是其含有的復(fù)合物能夠?qū)箍谇恢械募?xì)菌。故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。依據(jù)全文，特殊是文章第一段“Recentstudiesshowthatchocolatecaneffectivelyfightagainsttoothdecay,asifweneedanotherexcusetoeatchocolate.(最近的探討表明，巧克力可以有效地防止蛀牙，就似乎我們須要另一個(gè)吃巧克力的借口一樣)”及最終一段可知，文章主要介紹了巧克力有效防止蛀牙的原理，文中并未提到巧克力可代替牙膏等觀點(diǎn)。故選B。DWetouchourfacesallthetime,andithadneverseemedtobeabigproblem—untilCOVID-19arrived.Touchingourfaces—the"T-zone"ofoureyes,noseandmouthinparticular—canmeangivingourselvesthedeadlyvirus.ThisiswhyorganizationsliketheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)havesuggestedthatweavoidtouchingourfaces."Juststopthissimplebehavior,"WilliamSawyer,founderofHenrytheHand,anonprofitorganizationthatpromoteshandhygiene(衛(wèi)生),toldTheWashingtonPost."It'stheonebehaviorthatwouldbebetterthananyvaccine(疫苗)evercreated."Yet,stoppingthis"simple"behaviormightbeharderthanyouthinkbecauseit'salreadyhardwired(固定存在于)intooursystem.Somefacetouchingisanautomaticreflex(反射)—likewhenthereisanitch(癢)onyournose,you'llscratch(撓)itwithoutthinking.AccordingtoCNBC,a2014studyfoundthattouchingyourfacealsohelpstoreducestressandregulateemotions.Forexample,you'remorelikelytodoitwhenyoufeelawkwardorembarrassed.AccordingtoDacherKeltner,apsychologistattheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley,US,thisactionmayalsocomewithasocialfunction:Whenyouaretalkingtosomeoneandwanttochangethesubject,forexample,touchingyourfaceislike"thecurtainsonastage,closinguponeactofthesocialdrama,ushering(引導(dǎo))inthenext,"KeltnertoldtheBBC.Moreover,face-touchinginalmostalloftheseoccasionsissubconscious,whichmeansit'sveryhardtochange"becauseyoudon'tevenknowyou'redoingit",saidSawyer.Butyou'renotalone.Ina2015study,whereagroupofmedicalstudentswerefilmedinclass,itwasfoundthattheytouchedtheirfacesanaverageof23timesanhour—with44percentofthetouchesbeinginthe"T-zones".Thatwasparticularlysurprisingsincemedicalstudentsweresupposedtoknowbetter.Sinceit'ssohardtoshakethehabit,maybetheeasiestwayistowashourhandsmoreoften.Thisway,wecanbesurethatourhandsarefreefromthenovelcoronavirus.12.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphstalkabout?A.ThebestwaytofightCOVID-19B.HoworganizationsarefightingCOVID-19.C.TypicalhandhygieneproblemsinthefightagainstCOVID-19.D.ThenecessitytoavoidtouchingourfacestofightCOVID-19.13.Whyisithardforpeopletostoptouchingtheirfaces?A.Itmakespeoplefeelmoreconfident.B.Manyareunawareofthisbehavior'srisks.C.TheyusuallydoitautomaticallyandsubconsciouslyD.Manythinktheactionhelpsthemexpresstheiremotions.14.Whichofthefollowingisasocialfunctionoftouchingfaces,accordingtothetext?A.UsingitasasigntochangethetopicB.Bringingaconversationtoanend.C.Showinganinterestintheongoingsubject.D.Makingothersfeelrelaxedwhiletalking.15.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioninga2015studyonagroupofmedicalstudents?A.Togivetipsonhowtostoptouchingfaces.B.Toprovethatitiscommonforpeopletotouchtheirfaces.C.Toshowitisimpossibletoshakethehabitoftouchingyourface.D.Toshowhowhygieneawarenesshelpspeopleavoidtouchingtheirfaces.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講解并描述在新冠病毒疫情期間，觸摸我們的臉——尤其是眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴——可能意味著給自己帶來致命的病毒，但是觸摸臉已經(jīng)根植于我們的系統(tǒng)中，很難變更，所以建議勤洗手，遠(yuǎn)離新冠病毒?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段“Wetouchourfacesallthetime,andithadneverseemedtobeabigproblem—untilCOVID-19arrived.Touchingourfaces—the"T-zone"ofoureyes,noseandmouthinparticular—canmeangivingourselvesthedeadlyvirus.（我們始終在摸自己的臉，但在COVID-19到來之前，這似乎從來都不是什么大問題。觸摸我們的臉——尤其是眼睛的“T區(qū)”、鼻子和嘴巴的—可能意味著給自己帶來致命的病毒。）”和其次段第一句“ThisiswhyorganizationsliketheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention（CDC）havesuggestedthatweavoidtouchingourfaces.（這就是為什么疾病限制和預(yù)防中心(CDC)等機(jī)構(gòu)建議我們避開觸摸自己的臉。）”由此可知，為了遠(yuǎn)離新冠病毒，我們應(yīng)避開觸摸我們的臉，故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段“Yet,stoppingthis"simple"behaviormightbeharderthanyouthinkbecauseit'salreadyhardwired(固定存在于)intooursystem.（而，阻擋這種“簡(jiǎn)潔”的行為可能比你想象的要難，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)根植于我們的系統(tǒng)中。）”和第四段第一句“Somefacetouchingisanautomaticreflex(反射)—likewhenthereisanitch(癢)onyournose,you'llscratch(撓)itwithoutthinking.（有些摸臉是一種自動(dòng)反應(yīng)，就像你鼻子上癢了，你會(huì)毫不猶豫地?fù)纤?。）”由此可知，人們避開觸摸臉很難是因?yàn)檫@是都是自動(dòng)反應(yīng)，是無意識(shí)的行為，故選C?！?4題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段“AccordingtoDacherKeltner,apsychologistattheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley,US,thisactionmayalsocomewithasocialfunction:Whenyouaretalkingtosomeoneandwanttochangethesubject,forexample,touchingyourfaceislike"thecurtainsonastage,closinguponeactofthesocialdrama,ushering(引導(dǎo))inthenext,"KeltnertoldtheBBC.（美國(guó)加州高校伯克利分校的心理學(xué)家達(dá)切爾·凱爾特納表示，這種行為可能還帶有社交功能：凱爾特納在接受BBC采訪時(shí)表示，例如，當(dāng)你和某人交談，想要轉(zhuǎn)移話題時(shí)，觸碰自己的臉就像“舞臺(tái)的帷幕落下，拉開了社交劇的一幕，迎來了下一幕?！保庇纱丝芍|摸臉去作為轉(zhuǎn)移換題的信號(hào)是一種社交功能，故選A。【15題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第五段“Ina2015study,whereagroupofmedicalstudentswerefilmedinclass,itwasfoundthattheytouchedtheirfacesanaverageof23timesanhour—with44percentofthetouchesbeinginthe"T-zones".Thatwasparticularlysurprisingsincemedicalstudentsweresupposedtoknowbetter.（在2015年的一項(xiàng)探討中，一組醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)生在課堂上被拍攝下來，發(fā)覺他們平均每小時(shí)觸摸自己的臉23次，其中44%的觸摸發(fā)生在“T區(qū)”。這尤其令人驚異，因?yàn)獒t(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生理應(yīng)懂得更多。）”所以作者提到這項(xiàng)探討就是要證明觸摸臉是普遍行為，故選B。其次節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。2024istheYearoftheOxaccordingtoChinesezodiac.InChinayouwillfindvariousoxfiguresmadeofgold,wood,plastic,paper,shellandstoneonsaleinstoresandonstreetstocelebratethereturn.___16___Centuriesago,mostpeopleearnedtheirlivingthroughfarming.Forexample,theoxwasusedtohelpplow,cultivateandcarryheavygoods.Besides,theoxhaslonghadasignificantplaceinChineseculture.___17___IntheClassicofPoetry,theoldestexistingcollectionofChinesepoetry,theanimalwasmentionedinnineoutofthe305pieces.___18___Tothisday,thephrase"thespiritofox"stillreferstocontrollinganythingthatmaypresentitselfasanobstacle.___19___Whensomeoneachievesagreatachievementthroughhardwork,peopleoftenuse"niu",meaning"awesome",todescribehimorher.Oxenseldombullytheweakorfearthestrong.___20___ThisisreflectedinacoupletfromapoembyLuXun(1881-1936),"Fierce-browed,Icoollydefyathousandpointingfingers;Headbowed,likeawillingoxIservethechildren",whichfullyexpressesthepoet'sloyaltytothepeople.Sonaturally,thosewhowerebornintheYearoftheOxareoftenexpectedtobehardworking,reliableandloyal."Theyneverseektobethecenterofattentionanddonotlookforpraise,"thewebsiteChinaHighlightsnoted.A.Theyworkhardandmakesacrifices.B.Butwhywastheoxchosentobeoneofthe12Chinesezodiacsigns?C.TheyneverliketobethecenterofattentionandenjoybeingpraisedD.Thespiritishighlypraisedandmanypeoplefollowitastheirworkrules.E.AncientChinesepoetsandwritersfrequentlydescribedtheoxinliterature.F.ThosewhowerebornintheYearoftheOxliketofarmandcarryheavygoods.G.TheoxisconsideredasymbolofdiligenceandearnestnessinChineseculture.【答案】16.B17.E18.G19.D20.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。依據(jù)中國(guó)的生肖，2024年是牛年。文章主要說明白牛被選為十二生肖之一的緣由、牛的精神以及象征意義?！?6題詳解】依據(jù)上文“2024istheYearoftheOxaccordingtoChinesezodiac.InChinayouwillfindvariousoxfiguresmadeofgold,wood,plastic,paper,shellandstoneonsaleinstoresandonstreetstocelebratethereturn.(依據(jù)中國(guó)的生肖，2024年是牛年。在中國(guó)，你會(huì)發(fā)覺各種各樣的牛塑像，由金、木、塑料、紙、貝殼和石頭制成，在商店和街道上出售，以慶祝牛年)”結(jié)合后文說明白牛被選為十二生肖的緣由，故B選項(xiàng)“但是為什么牛被選為十二生肖之一呢？”符合語境，故選B?！?7題詳解】依據(jù)后文“IntheClassicofPoetry,theoldestexistingcollectionofChinesepoetry,theanimalwasmentionedinnineoutofthe305pieces.(在現(xiàn)存最古老的中國(guó)詩集《詩經(jīng)》中，305首詩中有9首提到了這種動(dòng)物)”，可知，后文《詩經(jīng)》中出現(xiàn)牛這種動(dòng)物的例子表明古代詩人和作家常常在文學(xué)作品中描寫牛，故E選項(xiàng)“中國(guó)古代詩人和作家常常在文學(xué)作品中描寫?！狈险Z境，故選E。【18題詳解】依據(jù)后文“Tothisday,thephrase"thespiritofox"stillreferstocontrollinganythingthatmaypresentitselfasanobstacle.(直到今日，“牛氣”這個(gè)詞仍舊指的是限制任何可能出現(xiàn)的障礙)”可知，后文主要提到了與牛相關(guān)的精神的含義，即牛在中國(guó)文化中的象征意義。故G選項(xiàng)“牛在中國(guó)文化中被認(rèn)為是勤奮和仔細(xì)的象征”符合語境，故選G?！?9題詳解】依據(jù)后文“Whensomeoneachievesagreatachievementthroughhardwork,peopleoftenuse"niu",meaning"awesome",todescribehimorher.(當(dāng)一個(gè)人通過努力工作取得了巨大的成就時(shí)，人們常常用“?！眮硇稳菟蛩?，意思是“棒極了”)”可知，后文提到了人們用“?！眮碣潛P(yáng)他人的例子，可見“?！边@種精神受到高度贊揚(yáng)，很多人把它作為他們的工作規(guī)則。故D選項(xiàng)“這種精神受到高度贊揚(yáng)，很多人把它作為他們的工作規(guī)則”符合語境，故選D?！?0題詳解】依據(jù)上文“Oxenseldombullytheweakorfearthestrong.(牛很少欺壓弱者或懼怕強(qiáng)者)”以及后文“ThisisreflectedinacoupletfromapoembyLuXun(1881-1936),"Fierce-browed,Icoollydefyathousandpointingfingers;Headbowed,likeawillingoxIservethechildren",whichfullyexpressesthepoet'sloyaltytothepeople.(魯迅（1881-1936）的一首對(duì)聯(lián)中就體現(xiàn)了這一點(diǎn)：“怒目而視，千夫所指;俯首甘為孺子?！保浞直磉_(dá)了詩人對(duì)人民的忠誠(chéng))”可知，本段主要描述了牛這一動(dòng)物的特性，A選項(xiàng)中they指代上文Oxen。故A選項(xiàng)“他們努力工作，做出犧牲”符合語境，故選A。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Ahomelessmanrescuedalltheanimalsatashelterafteritcaughtonfire.Hamlin,the____21____oftheW-Underdogsshelter,toldCNNKeithWalker,53,ahomelessman,____22____hislifetosaveseveralcatsanddogs____23____atanAtlantaanimalshelterafteritcaughtfire,thefacility'sfoundersaid."Iwasnervousashell.Iwasreally____24____togointherewithallthatsmoke.ButGodputmeeretosavethoseanimalsandI____25____intotheshelterafterafireengulfeditskitchen."WalkertoldCNN."Ifyouloveadog,youcanloveanyoneintheworld.Mydogismybestfriend,andIwouldn'tbehere____26____him,soIknewIhadtosaveallthoseotherdogs."___27___theshelterwasnotcompletelydestroyed,thefireleftituninhabitable,accordingtoW-UnderdogsfounderGracieHamlin."Heismyguardianangel,"HamlintoldCNN."Eventhefirefightersdidn'twantto____28____thedogs.Theycalledanimalcontrol,butKeithwasalreadyinthebuildingpullingoutthecatsanddogsuntiltheywereall____29____.”Hamlin____30____knewWalker,whohasbeenhomelesssincehewas13yearsold,becausesheletshim____31____hisdog,apitbullnamedBravo,atthesheltereverynight.Walkerwasonhiswayto____32____Bravoandtakehimforawalkwhenhesawthefire.Hewasabletorescuealltheanimals-sixdogsandtencats."Ican'tthankhim____33____forsavingmyanimals,"Hamlinsaid."I'mstillin____34____,becauseI'vebeenaroundafireandIknowhowfastitspreads.Homelessmanasheis,Walkerismy____35____.”21.A.leader B.founder C.donator D.sponsor22.A.risked B.gave C.lost D.put23.A.tied B.abandoned C.trapped D.restricted24.A.thrilled B.upset C.annoyed D.scared25.A.walked B.rushed C.slid D.squeezed26.A.without B.beyond C.except D.with27.A.Before B.Since C.Until D.While28.A.spot B.search C.handle D.touch29.A.comfortable B.secure C.desperate D.independent30.A.previously B.eventually C.deliberately D.fortunately31.A.feed B.protect C.keep D.train32.A.putup B.holdup C.takeup D.pickup33.A.enough B.again C.anyhow D.once34.A.peace B.disbelief C.relief D.silence35.A.friend B.employee C.assistant D.hero【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.B26.A27.D28.C29.B30.A31.C32.D33.A34.B35.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了一個(gè)無家可歸的人救了一個(gè)動(dòng)物收容所的全部動(dòng)物的故事。【詳解】1.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：W-Underdogs收容所的創(chuàng)始人哈姆林告知CNN。A.leader領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；B.founder建立者；C.donator捐獻(xiàn)者；D.sponsor發(fā)起人。依據(jù)下文“accordingtoW-UnderdogsfounderGracieHamlin”可知，哈姆林是這個(gè)狗狗收容所的創(chuàng)立人。故選B。2.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：基思·沃克，53歲，是一個(gè)無家可歸的人，在亞特蘭大動(dòng)物收容所著火后，他冒著生命危急挽救了幾只被困住的貓狗，收容所的創(chuàng)始人說。A.risked冒險(xiǎn)；B.gave給；C.lost失去；D.put放置。依據(jù)下文“afteritcaughtfire”，可知此處指沃克冒著危急去救里面的動(dòng)物。故選A。3.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.tied累的；B.abandoned拋棄的；C.trapped受困的；D.restricted被限制的。結(jié)合下文“atanAtlantaanimalshelterafteritcaughtfire”，可知此處指收容所著火后，動(dòng)物被困在里面。故選C。4.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：那么多煙，我真的很膽怯 進(jìn)去。A.thrilled特別興奮的；極為激烈的；B.upset難受的；C.annoyed生氣的；D.scared膽怯 的。依據(jù)后文“withallthatsmoke”可知，此處指我膽怯 進(jìn)入到里面。故選D。5.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是上帝讓我來救那些動(dòng)物，我在廚房著火后沖進(jìn)了收容所。A.walked走；B.rushed沖入；C.slid滑倒；D.squeezed擠壓。依據(jù)上文“tosavethoseanimals”及后文“afterafireengulfeditskitchen”，可知此處指我沖進(jìn)到收容所去救那些動(dòng)物。故選B。6.考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：我的狗是我最好的摯友，沒有它我不會(huì)在這里，所以我知道我必需挽救其他全部的狗。A.without沒有；B.beyond超越；C.except除之外；D.with有。依據(jù)上文“Mydogismybestfriend,andIwouldn'tbehere”可知，此處指沒有我的狗的話我不會(huì)在這里。故選A。7.考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然收容所沒有完全被毀，但是大火讓它無法居住，據(jù)W-Underdogs的創(chuàng)始人格雷西·哈姆林說。A.Before在之前；B.Since自從；C.Until直到；D.While盡管。依據(jù)下文“theshelterwasnotcompletelydestroyed,thefireleftituninhabitable”可知，此處表示盡管收容所沒有完全被毀，但是大火讓它無法居住。故選D。8.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：哈姆林告知CNN說：“他是我的守護(hù)天使。連消防員都不情愿應(yīng)付這些狗。A.spot望見；B.search搜尋；C.handle應(yīng)付（局面）；處理（難題）；D.touch觸摸。依據(jù)下文“Theycalledanimalcontrol”，可知消防員不情愿處理這些問題。故選C。9.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們打電話給動(dòng)物限制中心，但是基思已經(jīng)在大樓里，把貓和狗拖出來，直到它們都平安了。Afortable舒適的；B.secure平安的；C.desperate無望的；D.independent獨(dú)立的。依據(jù)上文可知，基思沖進(jìn)收容所里是為了救這些貓和狗，所以此處指把貓和狗拖出來直到它們都平安。故選B。10.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：哈姆林相識(shí)沃克，沃克從13歲起就無家可歸，因?yàn)樗屗客矶荚谑杖菟鶃砦顾墓?，一只叫布拉沃的斗牛犬。A.previously以前；從前；B.eventually最終；C.deliberately有意地；蓄意的；D.fortunately幸運(yùn)地。依據(jù)后文“becausesheletshim11hisdog”可知，哈姆利和沃克從前就相識(shí)。故選A。11.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.feed飼養(yǎng)；B.protect愛護(hù)；C.keep喂養(yǎng)；養(yǎng)；D.train培訓(xùn)。結(jié)合本句語境，此處指哈姆林讓沃克每晚到收容所來陪并且喂他的狗，keep既有保留又有養(yǎng)的含義，feed僅表示飼養(yǎng)，為瞬間動(dòng)作。故選C。12.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：沃克看到火的時(shí)候剛要去接布拉沃帶他漫步。A.putup建立；B.holdup舉起；抬起；C.takeup從事；占據(jù)；D.pickup接載。依據(jù)下文“