高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)練案15必修3Module3TheViolenceofNature練習(xí)含解析外研版

一輪復(fù)習(xí)精品資料(高中)PAGEPAGE1必修三Module3TheViolenceofNatureⅠ.完形填空(2020·廣東省七校聯(lián)合體第一次聯(lián)考)G?ranKroppwasaSwedishadventurerandmountaineer.In1972,attheageofsix,withhisfather'shelp,he1.DGaldhopiggen,thehighestmountaininNorthernEurope.Twentyfouryearslater,hestoodonthehighestpeakintheworld,MountEverest.Hisjourneytothe2.Ashowsjusthowindependent,persistent(堅(jiān)持的),anddeterminedthis3.Amanis.4.CmostpeoplearriveatthefoothillsofMountEverestbysomesortofmodern5.B，Kroppbicycled8,000milesfromhishomeinSweden.Travelingbybikewasnot6.B.Hestoppedmanytimesto7.Chisbikebecauseroughroadscausedmechanicalproblemsforhim.Inaddition,hewasrunafterbydogs,stungbyhornets(馬蜂)andwascaughtintherainseveraltimesbeforehe8.Bthebaseofthemountain.Kropp9.AtoclimbMountEverestthesamewayhetraveledtothemountain:withoutthe10.Cofothersandwithoutmodernconveniences.Unlikeother11.CKroppclimbedthemountainwithoutaguideorhelper.Hedidnot12.Dbottledoxygentohelphim13.Aathighaltitudes,andhecarriedallofhis14.Dhimselfinapackthatweighedabout140pounds.IttookKropp15.AtriestoreachthetopofMountEverest.Thefirsttime,hehadto16.Donly350feetfromthetopbecausetheweatherwastoodangerous.Justafewdaysearlier,atthatsameleveleightclimbershad17.Cbecauseofasuddensnowstorminthemountain.Hefeltdeepsorrowforthem,butbecamemore18.B.Themountaineerwaitedoutthestorm,19.D，andtriedagainafewdayslater.Thistime,hewas20.B.Afterhewalkeddownthemountain,hegotbackonhisbikeandrodethe8,000milesbacktoSweden.文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文。瑞典探險(xiǎn)家G?ranKropp在六歲時(shí)便在父親的幫助下登上北歐最高峰Galdhopiggen；二十四年后，他登上了世界最高峰——珠穆朗瑪峰。在登山過程中，他從瑞典騎行8000英里來到山腳，在不借助他人幫助的情況下成功登上山頂。1．A.heardof B．dreamedofC．saw D．climbed〖解析〗根據(jù)上文“G?ranKroppwasaSwedishadventurerandmountaineer.”可知，G?ranKropp是瑞典探險(xiǎn)家和登山者。結(jié)合該句“In1972,attheageofsix,withhisfather'shelp,he1Galdhopiggen,thehighestmountaininNorthernEurope.”可知，他在六歲時(shí)，在父親的幫助下登上北歐最高峰Galdhopiggen。D項(xiàng)意為“攀登”。故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“聽說”；B項(xiàng)意為“夢想”；C項(xiàng)意為“看到”。2．A.top B．countryC．a(chǎn)rea D．valley〖解析〗根據(jù)空前一句“Twenty-fouryearslater,hestoodonthehighestpeakintheworld,MountEverest.”可知，在二十四年后，他登上了世界最高峰珠穆朗瑪峰。由此可知，他登上世界之頂?shù)膲雅e展示了他的獨(dú)立、堅(jiān)韌不拔的精神。A項(xiàng)意為“頂；頂端”。故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“國家”；C項(xiàng)意為“地區(qū)”；D項(xiàng)意為“山谷”，都與語境不符。3．A.outstanding B．generousC．modest D．honest〖解析〗上文提到他登上了世界最高峰。故可推知他是一個(gè)杰出的人。A項(xiàng)意為“杰出的”。故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“慷慨的；大方的”；C項(xiàng)意為“謙虛的”；D項(xiàng)意為“誠實(shí)的”，都與語境不符。4．A.Unless B．OnceC．While D．Because〖解析〗根據(jù)該句中的“mostpeoplearriveat...Kroppbicycled7,000milesfromhishomeinSweden”可知，盡管大部分人是通過一些現(xiàn)代車輛(vehicle)來到珠穆朗瑪峰山腳下的，但是Kropp是從瑞典的家里騎行八千英里來到珠穆朗瑪峰山腳下。C項(xiàng)意為“盡管；雖然”，符合語境。故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“除非”；B項(xiàng)意為“一旦”；D項(xiàng)意為“因?yàn)椤?，都與語境不符。5．A.design B．vehicleC．theory D．material〖解析〗參見上題〖解析〗。B項(xiàng)意為“車輛”。故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“設(shè)計(jì)”；C項(xiàng)意為“理論”；D項(xiàng)意為“材料”，都與文意不符。6．A.boring B．easyC．tiring D．busy〖解析〗根據(jù)常識和下文中的“Hestoppedmanytimesto7hisbike”可知，騎行去珠穆朗瑪峰腳下是不容易的。B項(xiàng)意為“容易的”。故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“令人厭煩的”；C項(xiàng)意為“令人疲勞的”；D項(xiàng)意為“忙碌的”，都與語境不符。7．A.lock B．rideC．repair D．find〖解析〗根據(jù)下文中的“becauseroughroadscausedmechanicalproblemsforhim”可知，由于崎嶇的道路引發(fā)自行車機(jī)械故障，所以他不得不多次停下修理自行車。C項(xiàng)意為“修理”。故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“鎖上”；B項(xiàng)意為“騎”；D項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，都與語境不符。8．A.left B．reachedC．discovered D．toured〖解析〗此處表示在抵達(dá)山腳下之前，他被狗追趕，被馬蜂蜇，數(shù)次被困在雨中。B項(xiàng)意為“抵達(dá)”。故B項(xiàng)正確；A項(xiàng)意為“離開”；C項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；D項(xiàng)意為“游歷”。9．A.chose B．refusedC．a(chǎn)greed D．hated〖解析〗根據(jù)下文中的“withoutthe10ofothersandwithoutmodernconveniences”可知，Kropp選擇了他到山腳的同樣的方式去攀登山峰，即不要別人以及現(xiàn)代設(shè)備的幫助。A項(xiàng)意為“選擇”。故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“拒絕”；C項(xiàng)意為“同意”；D項(xiàng)意為“討厭”。10．A.presence B．a(chǎn)pprovalC．a(chǎn)ssistance D．knowledge〖解析〗參見上題〖解析〗。C項(xiàng)意為“幫助”。故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“出席；到場”；B項(xiàng)意為“批準(zhǔn)；同意”；D項(xiàng)意為“知識”，都與語境不符。11．A.observers B．travelersC．mountaineers D．hikers〖解析〗根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示與其他登山者不同的是，Kropp登山?jīng)]有向?qū)Щ蛑?。C項(xiàng)意為“登山者”。故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“觀察者”；B項(xiàng)意為“旅客”。D項(xiàng)意為“徒步旅行者”，都與文意不符。12．A.gather B．orderC．share D．bring〖解析〗根據(jù)該句中的“Hedidnot12bottledoxygentohelphim13athighaltitudes”可知，他沒有帶氧氣瓶幫助自己在高山上呼吸。D項(xiàng)意為“帶來”。故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“收集”；B項(xiàng)意為“命令”；C項(xiàng)意為“分享”，都與語境不符。13．A.breathe B．walkC．live D．stay〖解析〗參見上題〖解析〗。A項(xiàng)意為“呼吸”。故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“行走”；C項(xiàng)意為“居??；生活”；D項(xiàng)意為“停留”，都與文意不符。14．A.medicines B．foodC．clothes D．equipment〖解析〗根據(jù)該句中的“hecarriedallof...inapackthatweighedabout140pounds”可知，他用一個(gè)大背包自帶所有設(shè)備，總重大概140磅。D項(xiàng)意為“設(shè)備”。故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“藥物”；B項(xiàng)意為“食物”；C項(xiàng)意為“衣服”。15．A.two B．threeC．many D．several〖解析〗根據(jù)下文中的“Thefirsttime”以及該段倒數(shù)第三句中的“andtriedagainafewdayslater”可知，Kropp嘗試了兩次才登上珠穆朗瑪峰。故A項(xiàng)正確。16．A.goon B．getupC．setout D．turnback〖解析〗根據(jù)該句中的“becausetheweatherwastoodangerous”可知，第一次登山時(shí)，由于天氣太危險(xiǎn)，他不得不在離山頂只有350英尺的地方折回。D項(xiàng)意為“折回”。故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“繼續(xù)”；B項(xiàng)意為“起身”；C項(xiàng)意為“出發(fā)”。17．A.slipped B．wanderedC．died D．hurt〖解析〗根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合該句“Justafewdaysearlier,atthatsameleveleightclimbershad17becauseofasuddensnowstorminthemountain.”可知，數(shù)天前，由于在珠穆朗瑪峰相同的高度突然發(fā)生暴風(fēng)雪，八名登山者死亡。C項(xiàng)意為“死亡”。故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“滑落”；B項(xiàng)意為“徘徊”；D項(xiàng)意為“傷害(感情)；傷心”，都與語境不符。18．A.astonished B．determinedC．satisfied D．discouraged〖解析〗根據(jù)下文中的“triedagainafewdayslater”可知，等暴風(fēng)雪停止，數(shù)天后他又一次開始登山。由此可知，雖然他為故去的登山者感到悲傷，但是他變得更加堅(jiān)定了。B項(xiàng)意為“堅(jiān)定的”。故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“驚訝的”；C項(xiàng)意為“滿意的”；D項(xiàng)意為“喪氣的”。19．A.hid B．stoppedC．survived D．rested〖解析〗根據(jù)該句“Themountaineerwaitedoutthestorm,19，andtriedagainafewdayslater.”可知，這位登山者在暴風(fēng)雪時(shí)休息數(shù)天，之后再次開始登山。D項(xiàng)意為“休息”。故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“躲藏”；B項(xiàng)意為“停止”；C項(xiàng)意為“生存”。20．A.thoughtful B．successfulC．doubtful D．meaningful〖解析〗根據(jù)下文中的“Afterhewalkeddownthemountain”可知，這次他成功地登上了珠穆朗瑪峰。B項(xiàng)意為“成功的”。故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“深思的；體貼的”；C項(xiàng)意為“懷疑”；D項(xiàng)意為“有意義的”，都與語境不符。Ⅱ.閱讀理解A(2021·北京市豐臺區(qū)期末)Asglobaltemperaturesrise，treesaroundtheworldareexperiencinglongergrowingseasons，sometimesasmuchasthreeextraweeksayear.Allthattimehelpstreesgrowfaster.Forthepast100years，treeshavebeenexperiencingfastgrowthintemperateregionsfromMarylandtoFinland，toCentralEurope，wherethegrowthrateofsometreeshasevenspedupnearly77%since1870.Assumingwoodisjustasstrongtoday，thosegainswouldmeanmoretimber(木材)forbuilding，burning，andstoringcarboncapturedfromtheatmosphere.Butiswoodreallyasdenseasitusedtobe?HansPretzsch，aforestscientistattheTechnicalUniversityofMunichinGermany，andhiscolleagueswantedtofindananswer.TheycarriedoutastudyoftheforestsofCentralEurope.Theystartedwith41experimentalplotsinsouthernGermany，someofwhichhavebeencontinuouslymonitoredsince1870.Pretzschandhisteamtookcoresamplesfromthetrees—whichincludedNorwayspruce，sessileoak，Europeanbeech，andScotspine—andanalyzedthetreeringsusingahigh-frequencyprobe.Theyfoundthatinallfourspecies，wooddensityhasdecreasedby8%to12%，theyreportonlineinForestEcologyandManagement.“Weexpectedatrendofthewooddensitylikethis，butnotsuchastrongandsignificantdecrease，”Pretzschsays.Increasingtemperatures，andthefastergrowththeyspur，probablyaccountforsomeofthedrop.Anotherfactor，Pretzschsays，ismorenitrogeninthesoilfromagriculturalfertilizer(化肥)andvehicleexhaust.Previousstudieshavelinkedincreasedfertilizerusetodecreasedwooddensity.Aboveall，thestudysuggeststhatthehighertemperatures—combinedwithpollutionfromautoexhaustandfarms—aremakingwoodweaker，resultingintreesthatbreakmoreeasilyandwoodthatislessdurable.“Iamgettingworried，”saysRichardHoughton，anecologistattheWoodsHoleResearchCenterinFalmouth，Massachusetts，whowasnotpartofthenewstudy.Asthedensityofthesamplesdropped，sodidtheircarboncontent，byabout50%.Thatmeansforestsmaysuffermoredamagefromstormsandmaybelessefficientatsoakingupthegreenhousegascarbondioxide(CO2)thanscientistshadthought，Houghtonsays.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。對森林的研究表明，氣候變暖會改變木材的質(zhì)量。“樹越來越大，但樹也越來越脆弱”。1．Paragraph1iswrittentoB.A．proveanidea B．introduceatopicC．giveanexample D．describeafact〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Assumingwoodisjustasstrongtoday，thosegainswouldmeanmoretimber(木材)forbuilding，burning，andstoringcarboncapturedfromtheatmosphere.Butiswoodreallyasdenseasitusedtobe？”假設(shè)木材的強(qiáng)度和今天一樣高，這些收益將意味著更多的木材用于建筑、燃燒和儲存從大氣中捕獲的碳。但是木材真的像以前那樣密度大嗎？可知，第一段是為了引出一個(gè)主題。故選B。2．ThestudyoftheforestsshowsC.A．farmingslowstrees'growthB．moreareasarecoveredwithforestsC．warmingchangesthequalityofwoodD．pollutionleadstohighertemperatures〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句話“...thestudysuggeststhatthehighertemperatures—combinedwithpollutionfromautoexhaustandfarms—aremakingwoodweaker，resultingintreesthatbreakmoreeasilyandwoodthatislessdurable.”研究表明，高溫——再加上汽車尾氣和農(nóng)場的污染——使木材變得更脆弱，導(dǎo)致樹木更容易折斷，木材更不耐用。可知，對森林的研究表明，氣候變暖會改變木材的質(zhì)量。故選C。3．WhatHoughtonsayssuggestsA.A．greatlossmightbecausedB．stormdamagecanbepreventedC．thesizeofforestsmightbeincreasedD．lessgreenhousegasescanbesentout〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句話“Thatmeansforestsmaysuffermoredamagefromstormsandmaybelessefficientatsoakingupthegreenhousegascarbondioxide(CO2)thanscientistshadthought，Houghtonsays.”霍頓說，這意味著森林可能遭受更多風(fēng)暴的破壞，吸收溫室氣體二氧化碳(CO2)的效率可能低于科學(xué)家的預(yù)期?？芍纛D所說的話意味著可能會造成巨大的損失。故選A。4．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？DA．WeonlyhaveoneearthB．Trees—ourbestfriendsC．TheinfluenceofclimatechangeD．Treesaregettingbigger，butweaker〖解析〗標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Asglobaltemperaturesrise，treesaroundtheworldareexperiencinglongergrowingseasons，sometimesasmuchasthreeextraweeksayear.Allthattimehelpstreesgrowfaster.”隨著全球氣溫上升，世界各地的樹木正在經(jīng)歷更長的生長季節(jié)，有時(shí)一年多出三周。所有這些時(shí)間幫助樹木長得更快。和第三段中“...thestudysuggeststhatthehighertemperatures—combinedwithpollutionfromautoexhaustandfarms—aremakingwoodweaker，resultingintreesthatbreakmoreeasilyandwoodthatislessdurable.”研究表明，高溫——再加上汽車尾氣和農(nóng)場的污染——使木材變得更脆弱，導(dǎo)致樹木更容易折斷，木材更不耐用。可知，本文講述的是“樹越來越大，但樹也越來越脆弱”。故選D。B(2020·浙江省高三“五校聯(lián)考”第一次考試)Emojimightnotbeyourfirstchoiceofcommunicationinadisaster,butresearchersfeeltheycouldmakeadifferenceduringemergencies,whereeverysecondcounts.Now,theEmoji-quakecampaignislobbyingforanearthquakeemojitobeaddedtotheUnicodeset—thestandardgroupoficonsavailableondigitaldevicesworldwide.Thecampaignaimstofindanearthquake-appropriatedesigntobesubmittedtoUnicode.“Approximatelyuptoonethirdoftheworld'spopulationareexposedtoearthquakes，”explainsUniversityofSouthamptonseismologist(地震學(xué)家)Dr.StephenHicks,afounderofthecampaign.“Sowereallywanttobeabletocommunicatetoallofthoseregions,allofthosedifferentlanguages,andanemojiisanamazingwayofdoingthat.”Unlikemanyotherweatherandclimaterelatedevents,wherelongerwarningtimesorvisiblesignsareavailable,earthquakesmoveincrediblyquicklyandaredifficulttomeasurewhiletheyarestilloccurring.PopulationsinareaslikeJapanandMexicoaredependentonearthquakeearlywarningtechnology,whichissuesanalertondigitaldevicesandbroadcastmedia.“Youmayhavesecondstogetunderatableortoprotectyourself，”explainsDr.Hicks.“Thatcanbelifesavinginmanycases.Naturallyyoudon'twanttoomuchwordinginthewarningmessage.”Pictographs(象形文字)andothervisualslikeemojihaveatrackrecordofbeingfasterandeasiertounderstandthanwritteninformation.Dr.SaraMcBride,acommunicationsspecialist,whoisalsopartofthecampaign,toldBBCNews,“Emojicancrosstheboundariesofwrittenlanguages,helpingcommunicatevaluableinformationtopeoplewhomaystruggletoreadacertainlanguage.”Thepotentialusefulnessofemojiinemergenciescouldextendwellbeyondearthquakes.Ateamofdesignersalsocameupwithemorji—anentiresetofemojidedicatedtoclimateandenvironmentalevents.文章大意：本文為應(yīng)用文。主要敘述了一場以添加地震表情符號為目標(biāo)的運(yùn)動。該運(yùn)動的創(chuàng)始人對此做出解釋，試圖說明地震表情是一種通用的語言交流工具，有助于挽救生命。5．Accordingtothepassage,whydidthecampaignchooseearthquakesastheirtarget？AA．Becauseearthquakesthreatenmanypeopleindifferentregions.B．Becauseearthquakesaretheeasiesttobeexpressedbyanemoji.C．Becauseearthquakesarenotdifficulttomeasurewhileoccurring.D．Becauseearthquakesarethemostdestructivedisastersintheworld.〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Emojimightnotbeyourfirstchoiceofcommunicationinadisaster,butresearchersfeeltheycouldmakeadifferenceduringemergencies”和第三段“earthquakesmoveincrediblyquicklyandaredifficulttomeasurewhiletheyarestilloccurring”可推斷出這是因?yàn)榈卣饋淼每?，讓人無法反應(yīng)，在許多地方威脅許多人的生命。故選A項(xiàng)。6．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase“l(fā)obbyfor”inthefirstparagraph？CA．Hopefor. B．Enterfor.C．Appealfor. D．Runfor.〖解析〗詞義猜測題。第二段和第三段中的地震博士Dr.Hicks對此做出解釋，目的就是呼吁大家贊同這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。分析選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)符合題意。7．WhatcanweinferfromDr.SaraMcBride'swordsaboutemoji？DA．Emojibenefitspeoplewithreadingdisabilityalot.B．Emojiisbeingusedtoconveyvaluableinformation.C．Emojicancrosstheboundariesofwrittenlanguages.D．Emojiisauniversallanguageandhelpfultoolincommunication.〖解析〗推理判斷題。第二段最后“Sowereallywanttobeabletocommunicatetoallofthoseregions,allofthosedifferentlanguages,andanemojiisanamazingwayofdoingthat.”及第三段“Thatcanbelifesavinginmanycases.Naturallyyoudon'twanttoomuchwordinginthewarningmessage.”可推斷出表情符號是一種通用語言，當(dāng)災(zāi)難來臨時(shí)不需要多說，表情就可以交流，以此在很多情形下可以挽救生命。分析選項(xiàng)可知D項(xiàng)符合題意。因此選D項(xiàng)。8．ThebesttitleofthepassageshouldbeAA．Couldanemojisaveourlife?B．Whatcanemojidoinourlife?C．Howisemojichangingourlife?D．Dowereallyknowaboutemoji?〖解析〗標(biāo)題判斷題。第一段說表情符號可能不是你在災(zāi)難中溝通的第一選擇，但研究人員認(rèn)為還是會有作用的。接著下面講述了一場以添加地震表情為目標(biāo)的運(yùn)動。地震博士Dr.Hicks為此做了很多的解釋，想讓人們相信表情能挽救生命。分析選項(xiàng)可知A項(xiàng)(一個(gè)表情能拯救我們的生命嗎？)符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(2020·遼寧省五校協(xié)作體聯(lián)合模擬)TheForbiddenCity,1.located(locate)attheexactcenterofBeijing,isaplacefullofwonders.Butmorethan600yearsafteritwasbuilt,it'sstillmanaging2.toserve(serve)upsurprisesbecausetheForbiddenCityhassurvivedmorethan200earthquakes.Moststructuresaren'tmadetosurvive3.natural(nature)disasters,letalonethosebuilthundredsofyearsago.Toshow4.howstrongancientChinesebuildingsreallyare,atelevisiondocumentarybyBritishbroadcasterChannel4exploredtheskillsoftheancientbuilding'sdesigners.AgroupofChinesecarpentersand5.engineers(engineer)wereshownbuildingascalemodelofoneoftheForbiddenCity'spalaces,atonefifthofthesize.Themodel6.wasput(put)tothetest.Itwassubjectedtoasimulatedearthquakeof9.5ontheRichterscale.Insteadoffallingapart,themodelwasjustmoved7.gently(gentle)duringthetest.Accordingtoexperts,theanswertotheForbiddenCity'sstrength,liesindougong—8.anoldbuildingmethodinventedinChina.Inspiteofbeingheldtogether9.withoutanynailsorglue,dougongisperfectat10.keeping(keep)structurestogether.SoasChina'smostpopulartouristdestination,perhapstheForbiddenCityshouldaddonemorethingtoitslistofattractions:earthquakeshelter.文章大意：本文介紹了紫禁城的位置、歷史、建筑抗震強(qiáng)以及抗震強(qiáng)的原因。〖解析〗1．考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處充當(dāng)定語，省略了whichis。belocatedat表示“位于”。2．考查非謂語動詞。manage后面用動詞不定式作賓語。故用toserve。3．考查形容詞?？仗幊洚?dāng)定語，修飾disasters，說明被修飾詞的性質(zhì)，表示“自然的”。故用形容詞形式natural。4．考查副詞。為了表明中國古代的建筑是多么的結(jié)實(shí)，英國第四頻道電視臺的一個(gè)電視紀(jì)錄片探索了古代中國建筑設(shè)計(jì)師們的技藝。how表示“多么”，修飾形容詞strong。5．考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。and連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)，前后保持一致，前面用名詞復(fù)數(shù)carpenters。故空處也應(yīng)該用名詞engineer的復(fù)數(shù)形式。6．考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。該句意為：這個(gè)模型被投入到試驗(yàn)中，根據(jù)上下文可知，動作發(fā)生在過去。故用一般過去時(shí)，又因?yàn)橹髡ZThemodel與謂語動詞put構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。故用wasput。7．考查副詞?？仗幮揎梽釉~moved。故用其副詞形式gently。8．考查冠詞。method是可數(shù)名詞，這里表示泛指一種。故用不定冠詞，又因?yàn)榭蘸笫前l(fā)音以元音音素開頭的old。故用an。9．考查介詞。根據(jù)上下文可知，用dougong這種技術(shù)建造房子不用釘子和膠水。故用without。10．考查非謂語動詞。keep充當(dāng)介詞at的賓語。故用其動名詞形式。Ⅳ.短文改錯假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加，刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用(\)劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。(2021·江西贛中南五校第一次聯(lián)考)DearPeter，I'mverygladtoreceiveyoure-mailaskingforinformationaboutthehostfamilywehavearrangedyoutostaywith.Locatinginabeautifulandquietneighborhood,thehousewasbigenoughtoenableyoutohavearoomofyourown.Apartfromtheconvenientpublictransportation,ourprivatecarwillmakeyourvisiteasy.BecauseallthefamilymemberscanspeakfluentlyEnglishandhaveoutgoingpersonalities,I'msureyouwillhavenotroublecommunicatewiththem.Aboveall,theyhostedtheAmericanstudentlastyear,throughthattheygainedlotsofexperience.Inadditionto,thehostesscookingwillguaranteeyouawonderfulchanceoftastingdeliciousChinesefood.Hopeyouenjoyyourstaythere.Yours，LiHua〖答案〗DearPeter，I'mverygladtoreceiveyoure-mailaskingforinformationaboutthehostfamilywehavearrangedeq\o(∧,\s\do8(for))youtostaywith.eq\o(Locating,\s\do8(Located))inabeautifulandquietneighborhood,thehouseeq\o(was,\s\do8(is))bigenoughtoenableyoutohavearoomofyourown.Apartfromtheconvenientpublictransportation,eq\o(our,\s\do8(their))privatecarwillmakeyourvisiteasy.Becauseallthefamilymemberscanspeakeq\o(fluently,\s\do8(fluent))Englishandhaveoutgoingpersonalities,I'msureyouwillhavenotroubleeq\o(communicate,\s\do8(communicating))withthem.Aboveall,theyhostedeq\o(the,\s\do8(an))Americanstudentlastyear,througheq\o(that,\s\do8(which))theygainedlotsofexperience.Inadditionto,theeq\o(hostess,\s\do8(hostess'))cookingwillguaranteeyouawonderfulchanceoftastingdeliciousChinesefood.Hopeyouenjoyyourstaythere.Yours，LiHua〖解析〗1．考查固定句式。arrangeforsb.todosth.意為“安排某人做某事”，為固定搭配。故在you前加for。2．考查非謂語動詞。belocatedin...意為“坐落于……”，為固定短語，在句中作狀語。故將Locating改為Located。3．考查時(shí)態(tài)。此處是在介紹這個(gè)家庭的基本情況，表示客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故將was改為is。4．考查代詞。文章是“我”在為Peter介紹他所要寄宿的家庭的情況，與下文中的“them”相照應(yīng)。故將our改為their。5．考查形容詞。修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞，故用形容詞fluent作定語修飾English。故將fluently改為fluent。6．考查固定句式。havenotrouble(in)doingsth.意為“做某事沒有困難”，為固定搭配，故用動詞-ing形式作賓語。故將communicate改為communicating。7．考查冠詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示泛指，故用不定冠詞，又因American的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭。故將the改為an。8．考查定語從句。在定語從句中，介詞后跟關(guān)系代詞which/whom。結(jié)合語境可知，關(guān)系詞表示前面整件事。故將that改為which。9．考查介詞。由語境可知，此處應(yīng)用Inaddition表示“此外”，故將介詞to刪除。inadditionto為介詞短語，后跟名詞、代詞或動詞-ing作賓語，不可單獨(dú)使用。10．考查名詞所有格。這里指女主人的廚藝，應(yīng)用名詞所有格。故將hostess改為hostess'。必修三Module3TheViolenceofNatureⅠ.完形填空(2020·廣東省七校聯(lián)合體第一次聯(lián)考)G?ranKroppwasaSwedishadventurerandmountaineer.In1972,attheageofsix,withhisfather'shelp,he1.DGaldhopiggen,thehighestmountaininNorthernEurope.Twentyfouryearslater,hestoodonthehighestpeakintheworld,MountEverest.Hisjourneytothe2.Ashowsjusthowindependent,persistent(堅(jiān)持的),anddeterminedthis3.Amanis.4.CmostpeoplearriveatthefoothillsofMountEverestbysomesortofmodern5.B，Kroppbicycled8,000milesfromhishomeinSweden.Travelingbybikewasnot6.B.Hestoppedmanytimesto7.Chisbikebecauseroughroadscausedmechanicalproblemsforhim.Inaddition,hewasrunafterbydogs,stungbyhornets(馬蜂)andwascaughtintherainseveraltimesbeforehe8.Bthebaseofthemountain.Kropp9.AtoclimbMountEverestthesamewayhetraveledtothemountain:withoutthe10.Cofothersandwithoutmodernconveniences.Unlikeother11.CKroppclimbedthemountainwithoutaguideorhelper.Hedidnot12.Dbottledoxygentohelphim13.Aathighaltitudes,andhecarriedallofhis14.Dhimselfinapackthatweighedabout140pounds.IttookKropp15.AtriestoreachthetopofMountEverest.Thefirsttime,hehadto16.Donly350feetfromthetopbecausetheweatherwastoodangerous.Justafewdaysearlier,atthatsameleveleightclimbershad17.Cbecauseofasuddensnowstorminthemountain.Hefeltdeepsorrowforthem,butbecamemore18.B.Themountaineerwaitedoutthestorm,19.D，andtriedagainafewdayslater.Thistime,hewas20.B.Afterhewalkeddownthemountain,hegotbackonhisbikeandrodethe8,000milesbacktoSweden.文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文。瑞典探險(xiǎn)家G?ranKropp在六歲時(shí)便在父親的幫助下登上北歐最高峰Galdhopiggen；二十四年后，他登上了世界最高峰——珠穆朗瑪峰。在登山過程中，他從瑞典騎行8000英里來到山腳，在不借助他人幫助的情況下成功登上山頂。1．A.heardof B．dreamedofC．saw D．climbed〖解析〗根據(jù)上文“G?ranKroppwasaSwedishadventurerandmountaineer.”可知，G?ranKropp是瑞典探險(xiǎn)家和登山者。結(jié)合該句“In1972,attheageofsix,withhisfather'shelp,he1Galdhopiggen,thehighestmountaininNorthernEurope.”可知，他在六歲時(shí)，在父親的幫助下登上北歐最高峰Galdhopiggen。D項(xiàng)意為“攀登”。故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“聽說”；B項(xiàng)意為“夢想”；C項(xiàng)意為“看到”。2．A.top B．countryC．a(chǎn)rea D．valley〖解析〗根據(jù)空前一句“Twenty-fouryearslater,hestoodonthehighestpeakintheworld,MountEverest.”可知，在二十四年后，他登上了世界最高峰珠穆朗瑪峰。由此可知，他登上世界之頂?shù)膲雅e展示了他的獨(dú)立、堅(jiān)韌不拔的精神。A項(xiàng)意為“頂；頂端”。故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“國家”；C項(xiàng)意為“地區(qū)”；D項(xiàng)意為“山谷”，都與語境不符。3．A.outstanding B．generousC．modest D．honest〖解析〗上文提到他登上了世界最高峰。故可推知他是一個(gè)杰出的人。A項(xiàng)意為“杰出的”。故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“慷慨的；大方的”；C項(xiàng)意為“謙虛的”；D項(xiàng)意為“誠實(shí)的”，都與語境不符。4．A.Unless B．OnceC．While D．Because〖解析〗根據(jù)該句中的“mostpeoplearriveat...Kroppbicycled7,000milesfromhishomeinSweden”可知，盡管大部分人是通過一些現(xiàn)代車輛(vehicle)來到珠穆朗瑪峰山腳下的，但是Kropp是從瑞典的家里騎行八千英里來到珠穆朗瑪峰山腳下。C項(xiàng)意為“盡管；雖然”，符合語境。故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“除非”；B項(xiàng)意為“一旦”；D項(xiàng)意為“因?yàn)椤?，都與語境不符。5．A.design B．vehicleC．theory D．material〖解析〗參見上題〖解析〗。B項(xiàng)意為“車輛”。故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“設(shè)計(jì)”；C項(xiàng)意為“理論”；D項(xiàng)意為“材料”，都與文意不符。6．A.boring B．easyC．tiring D．busy〖解析〗根據(jù)常識和下文中的“Hestoppedmanytimesto7hisbike”可知，騎行去珠穆朗瑪峰腳下是不容易的。B項(xiàng)意為“容易的”。故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“令人厭煩的”；C項(xiàng)意為“令人疲勞的”；D項(xiàng)意為“忙碌的”，都與語境不符。7．A.lock B．rideC．repair D．find〖解析〗根據(jù)下文中的“becauseroughroadscausedmechanicalproblemsforhim”可知，由于崎嶇的道路引發(fā)自行車機(jī)械故障，所以他不得不多次停下修理自行車。C項(xiàng)意為“修理”。故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“鎖上”；B項(xiàng)意為“騎”；D項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，都與語境不符。8．A.left B．reachedC．discovered D．toured〖解析〗此處表示在抵達(dá)山腳下之前，他被狗追趕，被馬蜂蜇，數(shù)次被困在雨中。B項(xiàng)意為“抵達(dá)”。故B項(xiàng)正確；A項(xiàng)意為“離開”；C項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；D項(xiàng)意為“游歷”。9．A.chose B．refusedC．a(chǎn)greed D．hated〖解析〗根據(jù)下文中的“withoutthe10ofothersandwithoutmodernconveniences”可知，Kropp選擇了他到山腳的同樣的方式去攀登山峰，即不要別人以及現(xiàn)代設(shè)備的幫助。A項(xiàng)意為“選擇”。故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“拒絕”；C項(xiàng)意為“同意”；D項(xiàng)意為“討厭”。10．A.presence B．a(chǎn)pprovalC．a(chǎn)ssistance D．knowledge〖解析〗參見上題〖解析〗。C項(xiàng)意為“幫助”。故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“出席；到場”；B項(xiàng)意為“批準(zhǔn)；同意”；D項(xiàng)意為“知識”，都與語境不符。11．A.observers B．travelersC．mountaineers D．hikers〖解析〗根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示與其他登山者不同的是，Kropp登山?jīng)]有向?qū)Щ蛑?。C項(xiàng)意為“登山者”。故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“觀察者”；B項(xiàng)意為“旅客”。D項(xiàng)意為“徒步旅行者”，都與文意不符。12．A.gather B．orderC．share D．bring〖解析〗根據(jù)該句中的“Hedidnot12bottledoxygentohelphim13athighaltitudes”可知，他沒有帶氧氣瓶幫助自己在高山上呼吸。D項(xiàng)意為“帶來”。故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“收集”；B項(xiàng)意為“命令”；C項(xiàng)意為“分享”，都與語境不符。13．A.breathe B．walkC．live D．stay〖解析〗參見上題〖解析〗。A項(xiàng)意為“呼吸”。故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“行走”；C項(xiàng)意為“居?。簧睢?；D項(xiàng)意為“停留”，都與文意不符。14．A.medicines B．foodC．clothes D．equipment〖解析〗根據(jù)該句中的“hecarriedallof...inapackthatweighedabout140pounds”可知，他用一個(gè)大背包自帶所有設(shè)備，總重大概140磅。D項(xiàng)意為“設(shè)備”。故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“藥物”；B項(xiàng)意為“食物”；C項(xiàng)意為“衣服”。15．A.two B．threeC．many D．several〖解析〗根據(jù)下文中的“Thefirsttime”以及該段倒數(shù)第三句中的“andtriedagainafewdayslater”可知，Kropp嘗試了兩次才登上珠穆朗瑪峰。故A項(xiàng)正確。16．A.goon B．getupC．setout D．turnback〖解析〗根據(jù)該句中的“becausetheweatherwastoodangerous”可知，第一次登山時(shí)，由于天氣太危險(xiǎn)，他不得不在離山頂只有350英尺的地方折回。D項(xiàng)意為“折回”。故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“繼續(xù)”；B項(xiàng)意為“起身”；C項(xiàng)意為“出發(fā)”。17．A.slipped B．wanderedC．died D．hurt〖解析〗根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合該句“Justafewdaysearlier,atthatsameleveleightclimbershad17becauseofasuddensnowstorminthemountain.”可知，數(shù)天前，由于在珠穆朗瑪峰相同的高度突然發(fā)生暴風(fēng)雪，八名登山者死亡。C項(xiàng)意為“死亡”。故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“滑落”；B項(xiàng)意為“徘徊”；D項(xiàng)意為“傷害(感情)；傷心”，都與語境不符。18．A.astonished B．determinedC．satisfied D．discouraged〖解析〗根據(jù)下文中的“triedagainafewdayslater”可知，等暴風(fēng)雪停止，數(shù)天后他又一次開始登山。由此可知，雖然他為故去的登山者感到悲傷，但是他變得更加堅(jiān)定了。B項(xiàng)意為“堅(jiān)定的”。故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“驚訝的”；C項(xiàng)意為“滿意的”；D項(xiàng)意為“喪氣的”。19．A.hid B．stoppedC．survived D．rested〖解析〗根據(jù)該句“Themountaineerwaitedoutthestorm,19，andtriedagainafewdayslater.”可知，這位登山者在暴風(fēng)雪時(shí)休息數(shù)天，之后再次開始登山。D項(xiàng)意為“休息”。故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“躲藏”；B項(xiàng)意為“停止”；C項(xiàng)意為“生存”。20．A.thoughtful B．successfulC．doubtful D．meaningful〖解析〗根據(jù)下文中的“Afterhewalkeddownthemountain”可知，這次他成功地登上了珠穆朗瑪峰。B項(xiàng)意為“成功的”。故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“深思的；體貼的”；C項(xiàng)意為“懷疑”；D項(xiàng)意為“有意義的”，都與語境不符。Ⅱ.閱讀理解A(2021·北京市豐臺區(qū)期末)Asglobaltemperaturesrise，treesaroundtheworldareexperiencinglongergrowingseasons，sometimesasmuchasthreeextraweeksayear.Allthattimehelpstreesgrowfaster.Forthepast100years，treeshavebeenexperiencingfastgrowthintemperateregionsfromMarylandtoFinland，toCentralEurope，wherethegrowthrateofsometreeshasevenspedupnearly77%since1870.Assumingwoodisjustasstrongtoday，thosegainswouldmeanmoretimber(木材)forbuilding，burning，andstoringcarboncapturedfromtheatmosphere.Butiswoodreallyasdenseasitusedtobe?HansPretzsch，aforestscientistattheTechnicalUniversityofMunichinGermany，andhiscolleagueswantedtofindananswer.TheycarriedoutastudyoftheforestsofCentralEurope.Theystartedwith41experimentalplotsinsouthernGermany，someofwhichhavebeencontinuouslymonitoredsince1870.Pretzschandhisteamtookcoresamplesfromthetrees—whichincludedNorwayspruce，sessileoak，Europeanbeech，andScotspine—andanalyzedthetreeringsusingahigh-frequencyprobe.Theyfoundthatinallfourspecies，wooddensityhasdecreasedby8%to12%，theyreportonlineinForestEcologyandManagement.“Weexpectedatrendofthewooddensitylikethis，butnotsuchastrongandsignificantdecrease，”Pretzschsays.Increasingtemperatures，andthefastergrowththeyspur，probablyaccountforsomeofthedrop.Anotherfactor，Pretzschsays，ismorenitrogeninthesoilfromagriculturalfertilizer(化肥)andvehicleexhaust.Previousstudieshavelinkedincreasedfertilizerusetodecreasedwooddensity.Aboveall，thestudysuggeststhatthehighertemperatures—combinedwithpollutionfromautoexhaustandfarms—aremakingwoodweaker，resultingintreesthatbreakmoreeasilyandwoodthatislessdurable.“Iamgettingworried，”saysRichardHoughton，anecologistattheWoodsHoleResearchCenterinFalmouth，Massachusetts，whowasnotpartofthenewstudy.Asthedensityofthesamplesdropped，sodidtheircarboncontent，byabout50%.Thatmeansforestsmaysuffermoredamagefromstormsandmaybelessefficientatsoakingupthegreenhousegascarbondioxide(CO2)thanscientistshadthought，Houghtonsays.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。對森林的研究表明，氣候變暖會改變木材的質(zhì)量?！皹湓絹碓酱?，但樹也越來越脆弱”。1．Paragraph1iswrittentoB.A．proveanidea B．introduceatopicC．giveanexample D．describeafact〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Assumingwoodisjustasstrongtoday，thosegainswouldmeanmoretimber(木材)forbuilding，burning，andstoringcarboncapturedfromtheatmosphere.Butiswoodreallyasdenseasitusedtobe？”假設(shè)木材的強(qiáng)度和今天一樣高，這些收益將意味著更多的木材用于建筑、燃燒和儲存從大氣中捕獲的碳。但是木材真的像以前那樣密度大嗎？可知，第一段是為了引出一個(gè)主題。故選B。2．ThestudyoftheforestsshowsC.A．farmingslowstrees'growthB．moreareasarecoveredwithforestsC．warmingchangesthequalityofwoodD．pollutionleadstohighertemperatures〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句話“...thestudysuggeststhatthehighertemperatures—combinedwithpollutionfromautoexhaustandfarms—aremakingwoodweaker，resultingintreesthatbreakmoreeasilyandwoodthatislessdurable.”研究表明，高溫——再加上汽車尾氣和農(nóng)場的污染——使木材變得更脆弱，導(dǎo)致樹木更容易折斷，木材更不耐用?？芍?，對森林的研究表明，氣候變暖會改變木材的質(zhì)量。故選C。3．WhatHoughtonsayssuggestsA.A．greatlossmightbecausedB．stormdamagecanbepreventedC．thesizeofforestsmightbeincreasedD．lessgreenhousegasescanbesentout〖解析〗推理判斷題。